SI26283A - A splitting ax with structures and a wood splitter with said splitting ax - Google Patents

Abstract

Pričujoči izum spada na področje gozdarskih naprav, natančneje na področje naprav za sekanje in cepljenje lesa, in je še posebno vezan na rezila za tovrstne naprave. Izum se nanaša na cepilno sekiro s prečnimi utori in vertikalni cepilnik drv z omenjeno cepilno sekiro. Bistvo izuma je v tem, da je sekira opremljena z utori, ki preprečujejo zdrs lesa, saj se le-ta zaje v utore zaradi sil med cepilnim gibom, zaradi česar se poleno oziroma del hloda ne more premakniti ali sneti s sekire. Cepilna sekira po izumu ima osnovno klinasto oblikovano telo s širšim delom, ki se oža proti cepilnemu robu, katerega definirata dve površini. Obe površini sta opremljeni z utori, ki so pravokotni na cepilni rob in segajo po celotni površini do vrha širšega dela. Utori se lahko izdelajo na katerikoli primeren način. Prednostno se utori izdelajo z rezkanjem.The present invention belongs to the field of forestry devices, more precisely to the field of devices for cutting and splitting wood, and is particularly related to blades for such devices. The invention relates to a splitting ax with transverse grooves and a vertical wood splitter with said splitting ax. The essence of the invention is that the ax is equipped with grooves that prevent the wood from slipping, as it is caught in the grooves due to the forces during the splitting movement, as a result of which the log or part of the log cannot move or come off the ax. The splitting ax according to the invention has a basic wedge-shaped body with a wider part that narrows towards the splitting edge, which is defined by two surfaces. Both surfaces are provided with grooves that are perpendicular to the splitting edge and extend across the entire surface to the top of the wider part. The grooves may be made in any suitable manner. Preferably, the grooves are made by milling.

Description

CEPILNA SEKIRA S STRUKTURAMI IN VERTIKALNI CEPILNIK DRV Z OMENJENO CEPILNO SEKIROSPLITTING AX WITH STRUCTURES AND VERTICAL WOOD SPLITTER WITH SAID SPLITTING AX

Področje tehnikeThe field of technology

Pričujoči izum spada na področje gozdarskih naprav, natančneje na področje naprav za sekanje in cepljenje lesa, in je še posebno vezan na rezila za tovrstne naprave. Izum se nanaša na cepilno sekiro s strukturami in vertikalni cepilnik drv z omenjeno cepilno sekiro.The present invention belongs to the field of forestry devices, more specifically to the field of devices for cutting and splitting wood, and is particularly related to blades for such devices. The invention relates to a splitting ax with structures and a vertical wood splitter with said splitting ax.

Ozadje izuma in tehnični problemBackground of the Invention and Technical Problem

Znani cepilni stroji imajo različna rezilna sredstva, s katerimi se razcepi les na manjše dele. Vertikalni cepilni stroji imajo za ta namen cepilne sekire, ki so pritrjene na potisno ploščo, ki drsi po vertikalnem vodilu navzgor in navzdol, tako da lahko pri gibanju navdol razcepi del hloda nameščen ob vodilu pod cepilno sekiro. Omenjeni del hloda je lahko nameščen na podporni mizi ali pa direktno na dnu cepilnega stroja, odvisno od velikosti hloda, ki se ga želi razcepiti. Težava znanih vertikalnih cepilnih strojev je, da hlod za cepljenje ni pritrjen oziroma fiksiran, tako da se lahko pri cepljenju izmakne, še posebno, če hlod ni ravno odrezan in posledično ne stoji naravnost. V tem primeru ga sila cepljenja poravna s podporno mizo ali dnom stroja, ob tem pa hlod lahko zdrsne iz sekire. Ker je cepilna sekira gladka, ne pripomore k fiksaciji hloda. Tehnični problem, ki ga pričujoči izum rešuje, je torej konstrukcijska rešitev cepilnega stroja in cepilne sekire, ki bo preprečeval izmikanje hloda za cepljenje.Well-known splitting machines have different cutting means with which the wood is split into smaller parts. Vertical splitting machines have splitting axes for this purpose, which are attached to a thrust plate that slides up and down on a vertical guide, so that when moving downwards, it can split a part of the log placed next to the guide under the splitting axe. The mentioned part of the log can be placed on the support table or directly at the bottom of the splitting machine, depending on the size of the log to be split. The problem with known vertical splitting machines is that the log for splitting is not attached or fixed, so that it can slip out during splitting, especially if the log is not cut exactly and consequently does not stand straight. In this case, the splitting force aligns it with the support table or the bottom of the machine, and the log can slide out of the ax. Since the splitting ax is smooth, it does not help to fix the log. The technical problem that the present invention solves is therefore the design solution of the splitting machine and the splitting ax, which will prevent the drift of the log for splitting.

Stanje tehnikeState of the art

Patent SI25674 opisuje vertikalni cepilni stroj, ki ima cepilno sekiro nameščeno na ploščo, ki drsi po vertikalnem vodilu. Cepilna sekira ima v prečnem prerezu trikotno obliko in je v zgornjem delu širša, v spodnjem delu pa ožja, tako da tvori enakomeren, gladek cepilni rob.Patent SI25674 describes a vertical splitting machine that has a splitting ax mounted on a plate that slides on a vertical guide. The splitting ax has a triangular cross-section and is wider in the upper part and narrower in the lower part, so that it forms an even, smooth splitting edge.

Dokument CN109079950 se nanaša na napravo za cepljenje lesa, kjer je na eni strani ogrodja nameščeno cepilno sredstvo, les pa vanj potisne hidravlično kontrolirano telo. Omenjeno cepilno sredstvo je gladko, nima nobenih utorov ali podobnih elementov. Podobna cepilna sekira, prav tako uporabljena v horizontalnem cepilnem stroji, je uporabljena tudi v patentni prijavi US4374532.Document CN109079950 relates to a device for splitting wood, where a splitting agent is mounted on one side of the frame, and the wood is pushed into it by a hydraulically controlled body. Said release agent is smooth, without any grooves or similar elements. A similar splitting ax, also used in a horizontal splitting machine, is also used in patent application US4374532.

Patentna prijava FR2820356 opisuje klin za cepljenje lesa, ki ima dolgo kovinsko telo s koncem, kjer je gladek cepilni rob. Nad cepilnim robom, približno na polovici višine klina, so razvrščeni štirje utori, ki so vzporedni cepilnemu robu in so namenjeni preprečevanju vračanja klina iz cepljenega lesa. EP 2508315 opisuje rešitev cepilnega klina, kjer so utori razporejeni kot ribja kost ali pa podobno kot v dokumentu FR, ter ustvarjajo stopničasto strukturo, ki preprečuje premikanje hloda med cepljenjem.Patent application FR2820356 describes a wood splitting wedge having a long metal body with an end where there is a smooth splitting edge. Above the splitting edge, about half the height of the wedge, four grooves are arranged, which are parallel to the splitting edge and are intended to prevent the wedge from returning from the split wood. EP 2508315 describes a splitting wedge solution where the grooves are arranged like a herringbone or similar to the FR document, creating a stepped structure that prevents the log from moving during splitting.

Patentna prijava GB1352864 opisuje rezilo za razred hlodov na manjše kose, pri čemer ima nož rezilni rob, ki je na eni strani rezila prečen z utori, da nastaneta dve vzporedni vrsti vzdolžnih rezilnih robov. Razdalja med obema vrstama rezilnih robov je od 0,16 do 0,64 cm, širina utora pa je prednostno enaka vmesnemu delu med dvema utoroma.Patent application GB1352864 describes a log chipping blade, wherein the knife has a cutting edge which is crossed with grooves on one side of the blade to form two parallel rows of longitudinal cutting edges. The distance between the two types of cutting edges is from 0.16 to 0.64 cm, and the width of the groove is preferably equal to the intermediate part between two grooves.

Patentna prijava WO2015064010 se nanaša na omejevanje poškodb rezilnega roba, še posebno cirkularnih rezil. Rezilo cepilne glave za les ima cepilni rob, ki ga definirata prva površina in druga površina, ki sta medsebojno pod primernim kotom. Od cepilnega roba se po prvi povrišini pravokotno na cepilni rob raztezajo utori z zelo majhnimi dimenzijami, ki so namenjeni preprečevanju poškodb cepilne glave oziroma roba. Utori imajo širino od 15 do 75 pm, globino od 2 do 14 pm, razdaljo med sredinami utorov od 40 do 800 pm, in je razmerje med razdaljo med sredinami utorov ter širino od 2 do 16.Patent application WO2015064010 relates to cutting edge damage limitation, especially circular blades. The blade of the wood splitting head has a splitting edge defined by a first surface and a second surface that are at a suitable angle to each other. From the splitting edge, along the first surface, grooves with very small dimensions extend perpendicularly to the splitting edge, which are intended to prevent damage to the splitting head or the edge. The grooves have a width from 15 to 75 pm, a depth from 2 to 14 pm, a distance between the centers of the grooves from 40 to 800 pm, and the ratio between the distance between the centers of the grooves and the width is from 2 to 16.

Vse rešitve se od pričujočega izuma razlikujejo, saj ne preprečujejo izmikanje neravno odrezanega hloda med hodom cepilne sekire.All solutions differ from the present invention in that they do not prevent the unevenly cut log from escaping during the splitting ax stroke.

Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of the solution to the technical problem

Izum je zasnovan na vertikalnem cepilnem stroju, kjer se hlod ali poleno za cepljenje postavi pod sekiro, ki nato pravokotno na tla pritisne na hlod oziroma poleno s cepilno silo. Tehnični problem izmikanja polen oziroma hlodov, še posebno takšnih, ki niso ravno odrezani, je rešen, kot je predstavljeno v neodvisnem patentnem zahtevku, medtem ko so prednostne izvedbe rešitve tehničnega problema predstavljene v odvisnih zahtevkih.The invention is based on a vertical splitting machine, where a log or log for splitting is placed under the ax, which then presses the log or log perpendicular to the ground with a splitting force. The technical problem of dodging logs or logs, especially those that are not precisely cut, is solved as presented in the independent patent claim, while preferred embodiments of the solution to the technical problem are presented in the dependent claims.

Bistvo cepilne sekire je v tem, da je opremljena s strukturami, prednostno z utori, izboklinami, vari ali palčkami, ki so lahko navarjene ali kako drugače pritrjene na površino sekire, pri čemer omenjene strukture preprečujejo zdrs lesa, saj se le-ta zaje v utore oziroma prostore med izboklinami zaradi sil med cepilnim gibom, zaradi česar se poleno oziroma del hloda ne more premakniti ali sneti s sekire.The essence of the splitting ax is that it is equipped with structures, preferably with grooves, protrusions, welds or sticks, which can be welded or otherwise attached to the surface of the ax, and the said structures prevent the wood from slipping, as it is caught in grooves or spaces between protrusions due to the forces during the splitting movement, as a result of which the log or part of the log cannot move or come off the ax.

Cepilna sekira po izumu ima osnovno klinasto oblikovano telo s širšim zgornjim delom, ki se oža proti cepilnemu robu, katerega definirata dve površini. Obe površini sta opremljeni z omenjenimi strukturami, ki so pravokotne na cepilni rob in segajo vsaj do polovice, prednostno pa po celotni površini do vrha širšega dela sekire. Strukture imajo širino med 4 do 26 mm, globino oziroma višino vsaj 1 mm, razdalja med dvema strukturama pa je med 4 in 26 mm. Oblike utorov ali izboklin, varov ali palčk so lahko v prečnem prerezu katerekoli, na primer polkrožne, kvadratne, pravokotne, trikotne, najbolj optimalne pa so kvadratne, saj jih je najlažje izdelati, najboljše delujejo in ne oslabijo materiala sekire.The splitting ax according to the invention has a basic wedge-shaped body with a wider upper part that tapers towards the splitting edge, which is defined by two surfaces. Both surfaces are equipped with the aforementioned structures, which are perpendicular to the splitting edge and extend at least halfway, and preferably across the entire surface to the top of the wider part of the ax. The structures have a width between 4 and 26 mm, a depth or height of at least 1 mm, and the distance between two structures is between 4 and 26 mm. The shapes of grooves or protrusions, welds or rods can be any in cross-section, for example semicircular, square, rectangular, triangular, and the most optimal are square, since they are the easiest to make, work best and do not weaken the material of the ax.

V kolikor so strukture utori, se lahko izdelajo na katerikoli primeren način, torej rezkanjem, kovanjem in podobnimi metodami, prednostno pa se utori izdelajo z rezkanjem. Izbokline se lahko izdelajo z varjenjem, lahko se privarijo palčke ali pa se slednje pritrdi na drug primeren način.As far as the structures are grooves, they can be made in any suitable way, i.e. by milling, forging and similar methods, but preferably the grooves are made by milling. The protrusions can be made by welding, the sticks can be welded or the latter can be attached in another suitable way.

Cepilna sekira je lahko na zgornjem delu opremljena z dodatnima površinama ali ploščama, ki imata drugačen naklon kot osnovni površini klinastega telesa sekire. Strukture, torej utori, izbokline, vari ali ustrezno pritrjene palčke lahko segajo tudi po teh dveh dodatnih površinah, prednostno pa je razlika v naklonu namenjena povečanju širine sekire, kar olajša cepljenje hloda. Namreč, v začetku cepilni rob reže skozi les, medtem ko zgornji del sekire ob prehodu hloda cepi zaradi večjega potiskanja razrezanih delov narazen.The splitting ax can be equipped with additional surfaces or plates on the upper part, which have a different slope than the basic surface of the wedge body of the ax. Structures, i.e. grooves, ridges, welds or properly attached sticks, can also extend over these two additional surfaces, and preferably the difference in slope is intended to increase the width of the ax, which facilitates the splitting of the log. Namely, initially the splitting edge cuts through the wood, while the upper part of the ax splits as it passes through the log due to greater pushing of the cut parts apart.

Cepilna sekira po izumu je lahko vgrajena v katerikoli primeren cepilnik drv, prednostno v vertikalni cepilnik drv, kjer se sekiro na katerimkoli primeren način namesti na pomično ploščo, ki drsi po vertikalnem vodilu.The splitting ax according to the invention can be installed in any suitable wood splitter, preferably in a vertical wood splitter, where the ax is installed in any suitable way on a sliding plate that slides along a vertical guide.

Cepilna sekira s prečnimi utori in vertikalni cepilnik drv z omenjeno cepilno sekiro bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje opisan s pomočjo izvedbenega primera in slik, ki prikazujejo:A splitting ax with transverse grooves and a vertical wood splitter with said splitting ax will be described in more detail below with the help of an example and pictures showing:

Slika 1 Naris cepilne sekire po možnem izvedbenem primeruFigure 1 Drawing of a splitting ax according to a possible implementation example

Slika 2 Prerez cepilnega roba cepilne sekire predstavljene na sliki 1Figure 2 Cross-section of the splitting edge of the splitting ax presented in Figure 1

Slika 3 Prečni prerez cepilne sekire predstavljene na sliki 1Figure 3 Cross-section of the splitting ax presented in Figure 1

Slika 1 prikazuje možen izvedbeni primer sekire 1 nameščene na ploščo 2 za vertikalni cepilni stroj, pri čemer je sekira 1 oblikovana kot osnovno klinasto telo 11, z dvema stranicama 12, ki se na spodnjem delu združita v cepilni rob 13. Na zgornjem delu sekire sta razvrščeni dodatni plošči 14, ki imata drugačen naklon glede na strannc 12. Tako stranici 12 kot tudi dodatni plošči 14 sta opremljeni z navarjenimi izboklinami 15, ki so enakomerno razporejene po večjem delu 1a sekire, ki je pomemben za cepljenje hlodov. Kot omenjeno že zgoraj, bi lahko bile izbokline tudi na površine 12, 14 pritrjene palčke ali pa utori. Slika 2 prikazuje detajl izboklin 15, ki so približno polkrožne oblike v prečnem prerezu ter imajo višino vsaj 1 mm.Figure 1 shows a possible embodiment of an ax 1 mounted on a plate 2 for a vertical splitting machine, wherein the ax 1 is shaped as a basic wedge-shaped body 11, with two sides 12 that merge at the lower part into a splitting edge 13. On the upper part of the ax there are arranged additional plates 14, which have a different inclination with respect to the sides 12. Both the sides 12 and the additional plates 14 are equipped with welded projections 15, which are evenly distributed over the larger part 1a of the ax, which is important for splitting logs. As already mentioned above, the protrusions could also be sticks or grooves attached to the surfaces 12, 14. Figure 2 shows a detail of the protrusions 15, which are approximately semicircular in cross-section and have a height of at least 1 mm.

V prečnem prerezu je osnovno telo 11 trikotne oblike, natančneje oblike na glavo obrnjenega enakokrakega trikotnika, pri čemer ga po krakih obdajata dve površini 12, ki se združita v cepilni rob 13. Razlika v naklonih med površinama 12 in dodatnima ploščama 14 je iz slike očitna, in sicer je namen dodatnih plošč 14 povečati širino zgornjega dela sekire 1 z namenom še lažjega in hitrejšega cepljenja hlodov.In cross-section, the basic body 11 is triangular in shape, more precisely in the shape of an inverted isosceles triangle, with two surfaces 12 surrounding it on the sides, which merge into a splitting edge 13. The difference in the slopes between the surfaces 12 and the additional plates 14 is obvious from the figure , namely the purpose of the additional plates 14 is to increase the width of the upper part of the ax 1 with the aim of even easier and faster splitting of logs.

Claims (12)

1. Cepilna sekira (1) s strukturami (15), značilna po tem, da ima osnovno klinasto oblikovano telo (11) s širšim zgornjim delom, ki se oža proti cepilnemu robu (13), katerega definirata dve stranski površini (12), pri čemer je vsaj ena stranska površina (12) opremljena z omenjenimi strukturami (15), ki so pravokotne na cepilni rob (13), imajo globino ali višino vsaj 1 mm in segajo vsaj do polovice omenjene stranske površine (12).1. Splitting ax (1) with structures (15), characterized in that it has a basic wedge-shaped body (11) with a wider upper part that tapers towards a splitting edge (13) defined by two side surfaces (12), wherein at least one side surface (12) is provided with said structures (15) which are perpendicular to the splitting edge (13), have a depth or height of at least 1 mm and extend to at least half of said side surface (12). 2. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po zahtevku 1, značilna po tem, da imajo strukture širino med 4 do 26 mm, pri čemer je razdalja med dvema strukturama med 4 in 26 mm.2. Splitting ax with structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the structures have a width between 4 and 26 mm, the distance between two structures being between 4 and 26 mm. 3. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po zahtevku 1 ali zahtevku 2, značilna po tem, da ima strukture po celotni površini do vrha širšega dela sekire.3. Splitting ax with structures according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it has structures over the entire surface up to the top of the wider part of the axe. 4. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po kateremkoli izmed predhodnih zahtevkov, značilna po tem, da so oblike struktur katerekoli, na primer polkrožne, kvadratne, pravokotne, trikotne.4. Splitting ax with structures according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shapes of the structures are any, for example semicircular, square, rectangular, triangular. 5. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po predhodnem zahtevku, značilna po tem, da so oblike struktur polkrožne ali kvadratne.5. Splitting ax with structures according to the previous claim, characterized in that the shapes of the structures are semicircular or square. 6. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po kateremkoli izmed predhodnih zahtevkov, značilna po tem, da so omenjene strukture utori, izbokline, vari ali palčke, ki so lahko navarjene ali kako drugače pritrjene na površino sekire.6. Splitting ax with structures according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said structures are grooves, projections, welds or sticks, which can be welded or otherwise attached to the surface of the axe. 7. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po kateremkoli izmed predhodnih zahtevkov, značilna po tem, da so strukture utori, ki so izdelani na katerikoli primeren način, prednostno z rezkanjem ali kovanjem.7. Splitting ax with structures according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structures are grooves that are made in any suitable way, preferably by milling or forging. 8. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po kateremkoli izmed predhodnih zahtevkov, značilna po tem, da so omenjene strukture izbokline (15), ki se izdelajo z varjenjem, ali pa na stransko površino (12) sekire (1) pritrjene, prednostno privarjene palčke.8. Cleaving ax with structures according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said structures are protrusions (15) that are produced by welding, or preferably welded rods attached to the side surface (12) of the ax (1). 9. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po kateremkoli izmed predhodnih zahtevkov, značilna po tem, da sta obe stranski površini (12) opremeljeni s strukturami (15).9. Splitting ax with structures according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both side surfaces (12) are equipped with structures (15). 10. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po kateremkoli izmed predhodnih zahtevkov, značilna po tem, da je cepilna sekira (1) na zgornjem delu opremljena z dodatnima površinama ali ploščama (14), ki imata drugačen naklon kot osnovni površini (12) klinastega telesa (11) sekire (1).10. Splitting ax with structures according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the splitting ax (1) is equipped on the upper part with additional surfaces or plates (14) that have a different slope than the basic surface (12) of the wedge body (11) ) axes (1). 11. Cepilna sekira s strukturami po predhodnem zahtevku, značilna po tem, da so strukture (15) prisotne tudi na omenjenih dodatnih površinah ali ploščah (14).11. Splitting ax with structures according to the previous claim, characterized in that the structures (15) are also present on the mentioned additional surfaces or plates (14). 12. Vertikalni cepilnik drv s cepilno sekiro po kateremkoli izmed predhodnih zahtevkov.12. A vertical wood splitter with a splitting ax according to any of the preceding claims.