SI25882A2 - Container according to iso standard - Google Patents
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- SI25882A2 SI25882A2 SI202000141A SI202000141A SI25882A2 SI 25882 A2 SI25882 A2 SI 25882A2 SI 202000141 A SI202000141 A SI 202000141A SI 202000141 A SI202000141 A SI 202000141A SI 25882 A2 SI25882 A2 SI 25882A2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
- B65D88/56—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying by tilting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
- B65D88/58—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying by displacement of walls
- B65D88/60—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying by displacement of walls of internal walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G65/00—Loading or unloading
- B65G65/23—Devices for tilting and emptying of containers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
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Abstract
Pri kontejnerju po standardu ISO, ki sestoji iz ohišja (1) z dvema stranskima stenama, s hrbtno steno, s čelno steno, ki ima vsaj dvoje vrat (3) čelne stene, in s talnim in krovnim elementom in po potrebi z nadaljnjimi nakladalnimi in razkladalnimi odprtinami, je talni element tvorjen iz dveh talnih ploskev (2, 8), ki sta medsebojno razmaknjeni v smeri višine kontejnerja po standardu ISO, je vsaj talna ploskev (8), ki je usmerjena proti notranjosti kontejnerja po standardu ISO, tvorjena tako, da jo je moč dvigniti in spustiti in/ali zvrniti, in je med talnima ploskvama (2, 8) moč razmestiti vsaj en dvigalni element.In the case of an ISO standard container consisting of a housing (1) with two side walls, a back wall, a front wall having at least two doors (3) of a front wall, and a floor and roof element and, if necessary, further loading and unloading unloading openings, the floor element is formed of two floor surfaces (2, 8) spaced apart in the height direction of the ISO container, at least the floor surface (8) facing the interior of the ISO container is formed as follows, that it can be raised and lowered and / or tilted, and at least one lifting element can be placed between the floor surfaces (2, 8).
Description
Kontejner po standardu ISOContainer according to ISO standard
Predstavljeni izum se nanaša na kontejner po standardu ISO za sipki in kosovni material, ki sestoji iz ohišja z dvema stranskima stenama, hrbtno steno, čelno steno, ki ima vsaj dvoje vrat čelne stene, in talnim in krovnim elementom in po potrebi z nadaljnjimi nakladalnimi in razkladalnimi odprtinami.The present invention relates to a container according to the ISO standard for bulk and bulk material, consisting of a housing with two side walls, a back wall, a front wall having at least two front wall doors, and a floor and roof element and, if necessary, further loading and unloading openings.
Kontejnerji po standardu ISO so tako imenovani vsebniki z veliko prostornino, v katerih se transportirajo različne vrste blaga, kot npr. kosovni ali sipki materiali, ki se lahko transportirajo v kontejnerju embalirani ali neembalirani. Standard ISO št. 668 določa mere, držala in npr. kako se lahko zlagajo. Še zlasti kadar se s kontejnerjem transportira sipki material, se razkladanje sipkega materiala izvaja s pomočjo sile teže brez nagibanja kontejnerja glede na njegovo vzdolžno os oz. glede na njegovo prečno os. Odstranitev preostankov sipkega materiala po njegovi odstranitvi iz kontejnerja se pri tem izvaja z uporabo posebne razkladalne naprave, večinoma dvojnega dna, ki se aktivira z znanimi snemljivimi dvigalnimi napravami, ki se med transportiraniem sipkega materiala nahajajo izven kontejnerja.Containers according to the ISO standard are so-called high-volume containers in which various types of goods are transported, such as e.g. bulk or loose materials that can be transported in a container, packaged or unpackaged. ISO standard no. 668 specifies dimensions, holders and e.g. how they can lie. Especially when the bulk material is transported by the container, the unloading of the bulk material is carried out by means of gravity without tilting the container with respect to its longitudinal axis or. with respect to its transverse axis. The removal of bulk material residues after its removal from the container is carried out using a special unloading device, mostly a double bottom, which is activated by known detachable lifting devices located outside the container during the transport of bulk material.
Znani so kontejnerji za transportiran)e sipkih in kosovnih materialov (RU 2059554 Cl), pri katerih je v steni kontejnerja predvidena nakladalna odprtina, ki jo je moč zapreti z loputo, in ki je obešena na zgornjem robu razkladalne odprtine oz. odprtine za sipki material. Zgornji rob razkladalne odprtine je zamaknjen v notranjost kontejnerja. Loputa razkladalne odprtine se v svojem zaprtem položaju nahaja pod kotom glede na tla kontejnerja na višini nasipnega kota. Razkladanje se izvaja v položaju odprte zaporne naprave (zapahnilne naprave) lopute razkladalne odprtine in nagnjenega kontejnerja. Ta naprava preprečuje samodejno iztekanje sipkega materiala pri odprti zaporni napravi lopute razkladalne odprtine.Containers for the transport of bulk and bulk materials (RU 2059554 Cl) are known, in which a loading opening is provided in the wall of the container, which can be closed with a flap, and which is hung on the upper edge of the unloading opening or. openings for bulk material. The upper edge of the unloading opening is recessed into the interior of the container. The flap of the unloading opening is in its closed position at an angle to the floor of the container at the height of the embankment angle. Unloading is carried out in the position of the open closing device (locking device) of the flap of the unloading opening and the inclined container. This device prevents the automatic flow of bulk material when the shut-off valve of the unloading opening is open.
Nadalje je npr. iz RU 139281, RU 140421 znan univerzalni kontejner za transportiranje materialov široke palete blaga s pnevmatično razkladalno napravo, pri katerem so v tleh kontejnerja izvedene razkladalne luknje. Pnevmatična razkladalna naprava je pri transportiranju sipkega materiala razmeščena znotraj kontejnerja. Razkladanje sipkega materiala se izvaja pri odprti razkladalni luknji in z dovodom zraka v pnevmatično razkladalno napravo.Furthermore, e.g. from RU 139281, RU 140421 known universal container for transporting materials of a wide range of goods with a pneumatic unloading device, in which unloading holes are made in the floor of the container. The pneumatic unloading device is located inside the container when transporting bulk material. Unloading of bulk material is performed with the unloading hole open and with air supply to the pneumatic unloading device.
Iz RU 2664089 je znan univerzalni kontejner za transportirani e embaliranih kosovnih materialov in sipkih materialov. Pri transportiranju sipkega materiala v kontejnerjih se v notranjosti kontejnerja tvori iztočna prizma, ki omogoča zgolj delno razkladanje sipkega materiala s pomočjo sile teže brez uporabe dodatnih razkladalnih naprav.From RU 2664089 is known universal container for transported e packaged bulk materials and bulk materials. When transporting bulk material in containers, an outflow prism is formed inside the container, which allows only partial unloading of bulk material by gravity without the use of additional unloading devices.
Iz US 1,279,089 A je znan kontejner za sipke materiale, pri katerem se z dvigom talne ploskve povzroči izboljšano stresanje sipkih materialov, kijih vsebuje kontejner.U.S. Pat. No. 1,279,089 A discloses a container for bulk materials in which lifting the floor surface causes improved shaking of the bulk materials contained in the container.
WO 2005/090205 Al razkriva kontejner za tekočine, pri katerem se za praznjenje količine preostale tekočine notranja talna ploskev 15 dvigne in se tekočine lahko odstranijo pri izpustni luknji oz. odprtini.WO 2005/090205 A1 discloses a container for liquids in which the inner floor surface 15 is lifted to empty the amount of residual liquid and the liquids can be removed at the outlet hole or. openings.
Nazadnje CN 103381942 opisuje kontejner z dvema medsebojno razmaknjenima talnima ploskvama, od katerih je talna ploskev, ki je usmerjena proti notranjosti kontejnerja, tvorjena nagibno s pomočjo npr. dvigalnega pestiča.Finally, CN 103381942 describes a container with two spaced-apart floor surfaces, of which the floor surface facing the interior of the container is formed inclined by means of e.g. lifting punch.
Že znane tehnične rešitve imajo slabost, daje prvem primeru pri razkladanju materiala potreben nagib kontejnerja. Slabost v drugem primeru je v kompleksnosti montaže in demontaže razkladalne naprave v kontejnerju. Nadaljnji slabosti sta velik preostanek sipkega materiala v kontejnerju po aktiviranju razkladalne naprave in pa potrebna uporaba zapletene dodatne opreme za vpihovanje zraka v pnevmatično razkladalno napravo.Already known technical solutions have the disadvantage that in the first case, when unloading the material, the inclination of the container is required. The disadvantage in the second case is the complexity of assembly and disassembly of the unloading device in the container. Further disadvantages are the large residual bulk material in the container after activating the unloading device and the need to use complex accessories for blowing air into the pneumatic unloading device.
V tretjem primeru pride do znatnega zmanjšanja prostornine in mase sipkega materiala, ki gaje moč transportirati v kontejnerju, zaradi znatne prostornine izpustne prizme, ki znaša približno 20 % uporabnega prostora kontejnerja. Demontaža in montaža izpustne prizme zahteva posebno izurjenost upravljalnega osebja, kar omejuje geografsko področje uporabe kontejnerja in zmanjšuje njeno gospodarsko učinkovitost. Poleg tega prihaja tudi do znatnih omejitev z ozirom na paleto sipkega materiala, ki ga je treba transportirati.In the third case, there is a significant reduction in the volume and mass of bulk material that can be transported in the container, due to the significant volume of the discharge prism, which is about 20% of the usable space of the container. Disassembly and assembly of the discharge prism requires special training of the management staff, which limits the geographical scope of the container and reduces its economic efficiency. In addition, there are also significant limitations with regard to the range of bulk material to be transported.
Naloga, ki naj jo reši predstavljeni izum, je odpraviti zgoraj omenjene slabosti in zagotoviti preprosto, zanesljivo in učinkovito konstrukcijo kontejnerja za transportiranje sipkega materiala ali embaliranih kosovnih materialov, ki še zlasti omogoča hitro in popolno razkladanje le-tega oz. le-teh.The task to be solved by the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and to provide a simple, reliable and efficient construction of a container for transporting bulk material or packaged bulk materials, which in particular allows fast and complete unloading of it or. these.
Za rešitev te naloge je kontejner po standardu ISO po izumu zasnovan v bistvu tako, da je talni element tvorjen iz dveh talnih ploskev, ki sta medsebojno razmaknjeni v smeri višine kontejnerja po standardu ISO, daje vsaj talna ploskev, kije usmerjena proti notranjosti kontejnerja po standardu ISO, tvorjena tako, da jo je moč dvigniti in spustiti in/ali zvrniti, daje med talnima ploskvama moč razmestiti vsaj en dvigalni element, in daje dvižna in spustna in/ali nagibna talna ploskev, ki je usmerjena proti notranjosti kontejnerja po standardu ISO, razmeščena v okvirju, ki je ločen od ohišja, in da je ta okvir razmeščen na vsaj dveh nosilcih, ki sta pritrjena na talni ploskvi talnega elementa, kije usmerjena proti zunanji strani. S tem je kontejner po standardu ISO tvorjen tako, daje talni element tvorjen iz dveh, medsebojno razmaknjenih talnih ploskev, od katerih je vsaj talna ploskev, ki je usmerjena proti notranjosti kontejnerja po standardu ISO, tvorjena tako, da jo je moč dvigniti in spustiti in/ali zvrniti, s čimer je moč še zlasti pri transportiranju sipkega materiala notranjo talno ploskev dvigniti oz. nagniti in s tem zagotoviti hitro in zanesljivo popolno praznjenje kontejnerja. Razkladanje sipkega materiala pri tem uspe z uporabo preproste in učinkovite naprave, ki ni uporabna zgolj za sipki material, ampak tudi npr. za kosovne materiale, ki so bolj dovzetni za lomljenje in poškodbe. Dvig ali nagib notranje talne ploskve se pri tem izvaja še zlasti z razmestitvijo dvigalnega elementa med obe razmaknjeni talni ploskvi.To solve this problem, the ISO container according to the invention is designed essentially so that the floor element is formed of two floor surfaces spaced apart in the direction of the height of the ISO container container, giving at least a floor surface facing the interior of the container according to the standard. ISO, formed so that it can be raised and lowered and / or rotated, that at least one lifting element can be placed between the floor surfaces, and that the lifting and lowering and / or tilting floor surface is directed towards the inside of the container according to the ISO standard, arranged in a frame separate from the housing, and that this frame is arranged on at least two beams fixed to the floor surface of the floor element facing the outside. In this way, the ISO container is formed in such a way that the floor element is formed of two, spaced-apart floor surfaces, of which at least the floor surface facing the interior of the ISO container is formed so that it can be raised and lowered, and / or turn over, which makes it possible to raise or lift the inner floor surface, especially when transporting bulk material. tilt to ensure fast and reliable complete emptying of the container. Unloading of bulk material succeeds by using a simple and efficient device, which is not only useful for bulk material, but also e.g. for bulk materials that are more susceptible to breakage and damage. The lifting or tilting of the inner floor surface is carried out in particular by placing the lifting element between the two spaced floor surfaces.
S predvidenim od ohišja kontejnerja ločenim okvirjem za talno ploskev, ki jo je moč dvigniti in spustiti in/ali zvrniti, je po eni strani preprosto omogočeno gibanje notranje talne ploskve glede na kontejner, in poleg tega lahko ta okvir tako tesno nalega na steno kontejnerja oz. na obložne elemente, ki so razmeščeni na njej, da se lahko zanesljivo prepreči prodiranje sipkega materiala med obe talni ploskvi. V ta namen se lahko npr. predvidi tudi tesnilna ustna ali drsna ploskev, npr. iz lesa ali drugega materiala, s čimer stena kontejnerja in okvir notranjih tal drsita drug na drugem v bistvu brez reže.On the one hand, the separate frame for the floor surface, which can be raised and lowered and / or turned over, can be easily moved with respect to the container, and the frame can thus fit so tightly against the wall of the container. . to the cladding elements arranged on it so as to reliably prevent the penetration of bulk material between the two floor surfaces. For this purpose, e.g. also provides a sealing mouth or sliding surface, e.g. of wood or other material, whereby the wall of the container and the frame of the inner floor slide on top of each other substantially without a gap.
Da se zagotovi določen razmik med talno ploskvijo, ki je usmerjena proti zunanji strani, in notranjo talno ploskvijo talnega elementa, so med navzven usmerjenimi talnimi ploskvami in notranjo talno ploskvijo predvideni nosilci, ki določajo določen medsebojni razmik obeh talnih ploskev. S tako konstrukcijo se zagotovi, daje vmesni prostor med talnima ploskvama dovolj velik, da lahko zanesljivo sprejme dvigalni element, kot je dvigalna blazina, pnevmatični ali hidravlični valj ali podobno.In order to ensure a certain distance between the floor surface facing the outside and the inner floor surface of the floor element, beams are provided between the outwardly oriented floor surfaces and the inner floor surface, which determine a certain mutual distance of the two floor surfaces. Such a construction ensures that the intermediate space between the floor surfaces is large enough to reliably accommodate a lifting element, such as a lifting cushion, a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, or the like.
Takšni nosilci so lahko izbrani iz skupine, ki sestoji iz nosilnih blokov, nosilnih pragov, nosilnih letev ali profilnih letev. S takšnimi nosilci se zagotavlja dokončen razmik med dvema talnima ploskvama in med zvračanjem notranje talne ploskve preprečuje še zlasti zdrs notranje talne ploskve proti steni kontejnerja.Such beams may be selected from the group consisting of load-bearing blocks, load-bearing sleepers, load-bearing battens or profile battens. Such supports ensure a final spacing between the two floor surfaces and, in particular, prevent the inner floor surface from sliding against the wall of the container during the tilting of the inner floor surface.
Da se zagotovi zanesljiv pomik oz. zasuk navznoter usmerjene talne ploskve kontejnerja po standardu ISO, je vsaj del nosilca na svoji površini, ki je usmerjena proti notranji strani kontejnerja po standardu ISO, tvorjen z vodilnimi žlebiči, spenjalnimi elementi ali šamirji. S tem, ko so predvideni vodilni žlebiči, spenjalni elementi in/ali šarnirji, se zagotovi, da pri zvračanju navznoter usmerjene talne ploskve kontejnerja po standardu talna ploskev ne izvaja prevelikega pritiska npr. na zaprto zunanjo steno, zavoljo česar bi se kontejner lahko deformiral. Nadalje se s tem, ko so predvideni vodilni žlebiči, spenjalni elementi in/ali šarnirji, zagotovi, da je mogoč določen zasuk navznoter usmerjene talne ploskve, in da ne more priti do pomika oz. zatikanja talne ploskve ob navzven usmerjeno talno ploskev in stranske stene kontejnerja.To ensure reliable movement or. the rotation of the inward-facing floor surface of the ISO container is at least a part of the support on its surface facing the inside of the ISO container formed by guide grooves, clamps or slats. By providing guide grooves, fasteners and / or hinges, it is ensured that the floor surface does not exert excessive pressure when inverting the inward-facing floor surface of the container according to the standard, e.g. to a closed outer wall, which could cause the container to deform. Furthermore, by providing guide grooves, fasteners and / or hinges, it is ensured that a certain inward rotation of the inwardly directed floor surface is possible and that no displacement can occur. jamming the floor surface against the outward-facing floor surface and the side walls of the container.
Nosilni elementi, ki vsaj delno sestojijo iz pnevmatičnih dvigalnih elementov, se lahko aktivirajo zgolj z uporabo pri ustreznem tlaku pnevmatičnega dvigalnega elementa, in neposredno povzročijo zasuk navznoter usmerjene talne ploskve glede na navzven usmerjeno talno ploskev in se s tem izvede razkladanje kontejnerja brez nadaljnjih pomožnih sredstev. Razumljivo je, da je lahko v prostem prostoru, ki je tvorjen med talnima elementoma, razmeščena tudi npr. vsaj ena dvigalna blazina ali podobno.Load-bearing elements consisting at least in part of pneumatic lifting elements can only be activated using the pneumatic lifting element at the appropriate pressure, and directly cause the inward-facing floor surface to rotate relative to the outward-facing floor surface, thus unloading the container without further aid. . It is understood that in the free space formed between the floor elements, e.g. at least one lifting cushion or the like.
Da se zagotovi namensko in še zlasti preprosto in prednostno od razkladalnega mesta oz. razkladalne luke ali železniške postaje neodvisno dviganje notranje talne ploskve kontejnerja po standardu ISO, je med obema medsebojno razmaknjenima talnima ploskvama razmeščena vsaj ena, prednostno več pnevmatičnih, hidravličnih ali mehaničnih dvigalnih naprav. Pri namenskem dviganju notranje talne ploskve se dvigalna naprava vstavi v votli prostor, ki je tvorjen med obema talnima ploskvama, oz. se lahko pri določenih izvedbah te dvigalne naprave pritrdijo ali razmestijo v skladu s standardom in se ne odstranijo. Take dvigalne naprave se izberejo iz skupine pnevmatičnih, hidravličnih ali mehaničnih dvigalnih naprav, ki se lahko z ustreznimi pomožnimi sredstvi, kot npr. ročicami, s priključitvijo pnevmatične oz. hidravlične gibke cevi dvignejo oz. spet spustijo.To provide purposefully and especially simply and preferably from the unloading place or. unloading ports or railway stations independent lifting of the inner floor surface of the container according to the ISO standard, at least one, preferably several pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical lifting devices are placed between the two spaced floor surfaces. When purposefully lifting the inner floor surface, the lifting device is inserted into the hollow space formed between the two floor surfaces, or in certain embodiments, these lifting devices may be attached or positioned in accordance with the standard and may not be removed. Such lifting devices shall be selected from the group of pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical lifting devices which may be provided with suitable auxiliaries, e.g. levers, by connecting a pneumatic or. hydraulic hoses lift or. they drop again.
Skladno z nadaljnjim izvedbenim primerom po izumu, je dodatno k nakladalnim in razkladalnim odprtinam na stranskih stenah kontejnerja po standardu ISO predvidena množica razkladalnih lukenj, ki jih je moč zapreti, in ki se odprejo za razkladanje kontejnerja z nagibanjem poljubne oz. več poljubnih razkladalnih lukenj, ki jih je moč zapreti, tako, da se vsebina kontejnerja lahko ciljno raztovori. Te razkladalne luknje so opremljene s standardnimi zapornimi pripravami, kot se običajno uporabljajo pri kontejnerjih.According to a further embodiment according to the invention, in addition to the loading and unloading openings on the side walls of the container according to the ISO standard, a plurality of unloading holes are provided which can be closed and opened for unloading the container by tilting any resp. several arbitrary unloading holes that can be closed so that the contents of the container can be unloaded on purpose. These unloading holes are equipped with standard locking devices, as is commonly used in containers.
Vsaka razkladalna luknja je razmeščena v področju spodnjega stranskega roba kontejnerja po standardu ISO in je pokrov luknje razkladalne luknje moč zasukati, še zlasti okrog tečajnega elementa, ki je predviden v področju spodnjega vzdolžnega roba kontejnerja po standardu ISO, in je druga stranska stena kontejnerja po standardu ISO pritrjena, s čimer se zagotovi učinkovito in popolno razkladanje kontejnerja. Na stranski steni kontejnerja po standardu ISO lahko pokrov razkladalne luknje npr. služi kot drča za razkladanje kontejnerja in se s tem zagotovi, da vsebina kontejnerja ne pade na tla med npr. vozilom, na katerega se naj naloži vsebina kontejnerja, in kontejnerjem.Each unloading hole is located in the area of the lower side edge of the container according to ISO and the cover of the hole of the unloading hole can be rotated, especially around the hinge element provided in the area of the lower longitudinal edge of the container according to ISO and the other side wall of the container ISO attached to ensure efficient and complete unloading of the container. On the side wall of the container according to the ISO standard, the lid of the unloading hole can e.g. serves as a slide for unloading the container and thus ensures that the contents of the container do not fall to the ground during e.g. the vehicle on which the contents of the container are to be loaded and the container.
Tak kontejner po standardu ISO se naklada in razklada na običajen način, pri čemer se nakladanje sipkega materiala v kontejner oz. iz njega izvaja na običajen način skozi vrata, ki so predvidena v stranski steni. Pri transportiranju sipkega materiala se nakladanje izvaja preko nakladalnih lukenj v strehi kontejnerja in se razkladanje sipkega materiala izvaja preko razkladalnih lukenj, ki so razmeščene v spodnjem področju stranskih sten kontejnerja. Sipki material se lahko razklada iz kontejnerja tako s snetjem kontejnerja z nosilca kontejnerja kot tudi brez snetja.Such a container according to the ISO standard is loaded and unloaded in the usual way, whereby loading bulk material into the container or. from it is carried out in the usual way through the door provided in the side wall. When transporting bulk material, loading is carried out through loading holes in the roof of the container and unloading of bulk material is carried out through unloading holes located in the lower area of the side walls of the container. Bulk material can be unloaded from the container both by removing the container from the container carrier and without removing it.
Razkladanje sipkega materiala iz kontejnerja se izvaja v dveh etapah. V prvi etapi se razloži 70-75 % sipkega materiala iz kontejnerja, kar se doseže s s silo teže sipkega materiala brez nagibanja kontejnerja glede na njegovo vzdolžno os ali prečno os. V drugi etapi se za razkladanje preostalih 25-30 % sipkega materiala, ki se nahaja v kontejnerju, uporabi razkladalna naprava v obliki notranje dvižne in/ali spustne oz. nagibne talne ploskve, ki je razmeščena preko navzven usmerjene talne ploskve in ima iste dimenzije kot kontejner. Notranja talna ploskev se dvigne pod kotom glede na prečno os zunanje talne ploskve kontejnerja. Dvig dna se izvaja z eno ali več pnevmatičnimi, hidravličnimi ali mehaničnimi dvigalnimi napravami. Dvigalne naprave se vstavijo v votel prostor med zunanjo in notranjo talno ploskvijo, pri čemer je votel prostor tvorjen z nosilno konstrukcijo oz. nosilci in dvema talnima ploskvama. Notranja talna ploskev tvori pri dvigu glede na zunanjo talno ploskev kot, ki je večji od nasipnega kota, kar omogoči hitro razkladanje sipkega materiala brez preostanka. Na ta način se izkoristi celoten notranji prostor kontejnerja za transportiranje blaga. Prav tako ni potrebno nobeno dodatno zapleteno delo za pripravo (prilagajanje) kontejnerja za transport embaliranega kosovnega materiala. S tem se znatno razširi geografsko področje uporabe kontejnerja in paleta sipkega materiala, ki ga je treba transportirati.Unloading of bulk material from the container is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 70-75% of the bulk material from the container is unloaded, which is achieved by the force of gravity of the bulk material without tilting the container with respect to its longitudinal axis or transverse axis. In the second stage, an unloading device in the form of an internal lifting and / or lowering or lowering material is used for unloading the remaining 25-30% of the bulk material contained in the container. a tilting floor surface which is arranged over an outwardly directed floor surface and has the same dimensions as a container. The inner floor surface is raised at an angle to the transverse axis of the outer floor surface of the container. The bottom is lifted by one or more pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical lifting devices. Lifting devices are inserted into the hollow space between the outer and inner floor surface, whereby the hollow space is formed by a load-bearing structure or. beams and two floor surfaces. The inner floor surface forms an angle greater than the bulk angle when lifted relative to the outer floor surface, which allows the bulk material to be unloaded quickly without residue. In this way, the entire internal space of the container is used to transport the goods. Also, no additional complicated work is required to prepare (adjust) the container for transporting the packaged bulk material. This significantly expands the geographical scope of the container and the range of bulk material to be transported.
Z uporabo kontejnerja po standardu ISO se lahko dosežejo prihranki pri postavitvi posebnih terminalov in skladiščnih hal za skladiščenje sipkih materialov v obmorskih in celinskih pristaniščih in pa v industrijskih pogonih. Nadalje se lahko za pretovor sipkega materiala uporablja veliko število obmorskih in celinskih pristanišč, ki imajo sicer kontejnerski terminal, vendar nimajo specializiranih skladiščnih hal in terminalov.By using a container according to the ISO standard, savings can be achieved in the installation of special terminals and storage halls for the storage of bulk materials in sea and inland ports and in industrial plants. Furthermore, a large number of coastal and inland ports, which have a container terminal but no specialized storage halls and terminals, can be used for transhipment of bulk material.
V nadaljevanju je izum podrobneje pojasnjen s pomočjo izvedbenega primera in priloženih slik. Na slikah je prikazano:In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with the aid of an embodiment and the accompanying drawings. The pictures show:
Slika 1: Shematični prikaz kontejnerja po standardu ISO po izumu v položaju za transportiranje sipkega materiala v pogledu od spredaj in od strani;Figure 1: Schematic representation of a container according to the ISO standard according to the invention in a position for transporting bulk material in front and side view;
Slika 2: Kontejner po standardu ISO po sliki 1 za transportiranje embaliranih kosovnih materialov v pogledu od spredaj in od strani; inFigure 2: ISO standard container according to Figure 1 for transporting packaged bulk materials in front and side view; in
Slika 3: Shematični prikaz kontejnerja po standardu ISO z dvignjenim dvojnim dnom za razkladanje sipkega materiala v pogledu od spredaj in od strani.Figure 3: Schematic representation of an ISO standard container with a raised double bottom for unloading bulk material in front and side views.
Predstavljena naloga je rešena s tem, da na slikah 1 in 2 shematično prikazan kontejner po standardu ISO za transportiranje embaliranih kosovnih materialov ali sipkih materialov, v nadaljevanju imenovan kontejner, sestoji iz ohišja (1), zunanje talne ploskve (2), dveh vrat (3) čelne stene in čelne stene (4). Na strehi kontejnerja je razmeščena ena ali več nakladalnih lukenj (5). V spodnjem področju vsake stranske stene kontejnerja se nahaja ena ali več razkladalnih lukenj (6), ki so vsakokrat opremljene s standardno zaporno napravo (zapahnilno napravo) (7). Na zunanji talni ploskvi (2) leži notranja talna ploskev (8), ki predstavlja stabilno, lahko in nosilno konstrukcijo z enako ploskvijo kot zunanja talna ploskev (2).The presented task is solved by schematically showing in Figures 1 and 2 a container according to the ISO standard for transporting packaged bulk materials or bulk materials, hereinafter referred to as a container, consisting of a housing (1), an outer floor surface (2), two doors 3) front walls and front walls (4). One or more loading holes (5) are located on the roof of the container. In the lower area of each side wall of the container there is one or more unloading holes (6), which are in each case equipped with a standard locking device (locking device) (7). On the outer floor surface (2) lies the inner floor surface (8), which represents a stable, light and load-bearing structure with the same surface as the outer floor surface (2).
Vsaj ena od vzdolžnih stranic notranje talne ploskve (8) stoji na nosilcu (9) na zunanji talni ploskvi (2). Ostale stranice notranje talne ploskve (8) so lahko glede na povezovalno os zunanje talne ploskve (2) in notranje talne ploskve (8) prosto prestavljive. Razkladalni ščit (10), ki ima enako ploskev kot čelna stena, in ki zagotavlja popolno razkladanje sipkega materiala iz kontejnerja, je stacionarno pritrjen na čelno steno kontejnerja. Odprtino vrat kontejnerja je prav tako moč zapreti s snemljivim razkladalnim ščitom (11), ki ima enako ploskev kot odprtina vrat kontejnerja. Ta ščit se pri transportiraniu embaliranih kosovnih materialov odstrani od odprtine vrat in se znotraj kontejnerja na poljuben običajen način pritrdi na zunanjo talno ploskev (2), na stranske stene ali na strop kontejnerja.At least one of the longitudinal sides of the inner floor surface (8) stands on a support (9) on the outer floor surface (2). The other sides of the inner floor surface (8) can be freely moved with respect to the connecting axis of the outer floor surface (2) and the inner floor surface (8). The unloading shield (10), which has the same surface as the front wall and which ensures complete unloading of the bulk material from the container, is permanently attached to the front wall of the container. The container door opening can also be closed with a detachable unloading shield (11) having the same surface as the container door opening. When transporting packaged bulk materials, this shield is removed from the door opening and fastened inside the container in any usual way to the outer floor surface (2), to the side walls or to the ceiling of the container.
Notranja talna ploskev (8) ima stabilen okvir (12) iz kovine ali iz kompozitnega materiala, na katerega se lahko obojestransko pritrdi trda obloga (13), izvedena iz obstojnega materiala, kije obstojen v vodi, npr. v vodi obstojnega vezanega lesa. Med zunanjo talno ploskvijo (2) in notranjo talno ploskvijo (8) se nahaja votel prostor (14), v katerega se vstavi ena ali več znanih mehaničnih, hidravličnih ali pnevmatičnih dvigalnih naprav (15). Dvigalne naprave (15) niso sestavni del kontejnerja in se tudi ne transportirajo istočasno z njim. Dvigalne naprave (15) se nahajajo na razkladalnih mestih in se pred razkladanjem preostalega materiala razmestijo s pomočjo notranje talne ploskve (8). Pnevmatična dvigalna naprava (15) sestoji iz ene ali več pnevmatičnih blazin za dviganje materiala (16). Dvigalne blazine so medsebojno povezane z robustnim trakom (22). Pritrditev spodnje dvigalne blazine se izvede na zunanji talni ploskvi (2) v področju njene vzdolžne osi s pomočjo enega ali več obročev (17), ki je oz. so pritrjeni na zunanji talni ploskvi (2), in robustne obešalne vrvi (streme) (18), ki je pritrjena na blazini in se potegne skozi vsakokratni obroč (17). Pnevmatična dvigalna naprava (15) se namesti tako, da operater napne obešalno vrv (18) v smeri vzdolžne osi zunanje talne ploskve (2), in se fiksira pod vzdolžno osjo notranje talne ploskve (8). Ko se odvede zrak iz pnevmatične dvigalne naprave (15) in se notranja talna ploskev (8) spravi v horizontalni položaj, lahko operater z napeljem obešalne vrvi (18) v smeri, nasprotni vzdolžni osi zunanje talne ploskve (2), pnevmatično dvigalno napravo (15) spet neovirano odstrani iz kontejnerja. Vsaka pnevmatična dvigalna naprava (15) je opremljena z gibko cevjo za dovod in odvod zraka (19). Krmiljenje dovoda zraka v pnevmatično dvigalno napravo (15) in pa odvoda zraka iz pnevmatične dvigalne naprave (15) se izvaja preko krmilnega pulta (23).The inner floor surface (8) has a stable frame (12) made of metal or composite material, to which a hard covering (13) made of a durable material that is water-resistant, e.g. in water-resistant plywood. Between the outer floor surface (2) and the inner floor surface (8) there is a hollow space (14) into which one or more known mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic lifting devices (15) are inserted. Lifting devices (15) are not an integral part of the container and are not transported at the same time. The lifting devices (15) are located at the unloading points and are arranged by means of the inner floor surface (8) before unloading the remaining material. The pneumatic lifting device (15) consists of one or more pneumatic pads for lifting the material (16). The lifting cushions are interconnected by a robust strap (22). The attachment of the lower lifting cushion is performed on the outer floor surface (2) in the area of its longitudinal axis by means of one or more rings (17), which is or. they are attached to the outer floor surface (2), and a robust hanging rope (stirrup) (18), which is attached to the cushion and pulled through the respective ring (17). The pneumatic lifting device (15) is positioned so that the operator stretches the suspension rope (18) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the outer floor surface (2) and is fixed under the longitudinal axis of the inner floor surface (8). When the air is removed from the pneumatic lifting device (15) and the inner floor surface (8) is moved to a horizontal position, the operator can install the pneumatic lifting device in the direction opposite to the longitudinal axis of the outer floor surface (2). 15) again remove unhindered from the container. Each pneumatic lifting device (15) is equipped with a flexible hose for air supply and exhaust (19). The air supply to the pneumatic lifting device (15) and the air outlet from the pneumatic lifting device (15) are controlled via the control panel (23).
Vzdolž stranskih sten kontejnerja so razmeščeni vzdolžni nosilci (20) za njihovo ojačitev. Razkladalne luknje (6) se pustijo odprte bodisi od spodaj navzgor bodisi od zgoraj navzdol v odvisnosti od fizikalnih in kemičnih lastnosti sipkega materiala in pa od konstrukcije sprejemnih naprav na razkladalnih mestih za sipki material.Longitudinal beams (20) are arranged along the side walls of the container to reinforce them. The unloading holes (6) are left open either from the bottom up or from the top down, depending on the physical and chemical properties of the bulk material and the construction of the receiving devices at the unloading points for the bulk material.
Stranska razkladalna luknja (6) kontejnerja in njena zaporna naprava (7) imata standardno konstrukcijo. Luknja je zaradi zanesljivega razkladanja sipkega materiala in pa zaradi zagotavljanja izpiranja kontejnerja opremljena s pritrdilnim elementom (aretirni mehanizem) (21), ki omogoča njeno fiksiranje v položaju, ki ni popolnoma odprt.The side unloading hole (6) of the container and its locking device (7) have a standard construction. The hole is equipped with a fastening element (locking mechanism) (21) for reliable unloading of bulk material and for ensuring rinsing of the container, which enables its fixing in a position that is not completely open.
V nadaljevanju je na kratko opisano, kako se izvaja nakladanje in razkladanje in pa vsi vmesni koraki na kontejnerju po standardu ISO po predstavljenem izumu.The following is a brief description of how loading and unloading is performed and all intermediate steps on the ISO container according to the present invention.
Zapiranje razkladalne luknje (6)Unloading hole closure (6)
Operater ročno zapre razkladalno luknjo (6). Prazen kontejner se po razkladanju sipkega materiala nahaja na železniškem vozilu ali cestnem vozilu. Operater dvigne pokrov luknje in ga blokira v zaprtem položaju s standardno zaporno napravo (7).The operator manually closes the unloading hole (6). An empty container is placed on a railway vehicle or road vehicle after unloading the bulk material. The operator lifts the hole cover and locks it in the closed position with a standard locking device (7).
Odpiranje razkladalne luknje (6)Unloading hole opening (6)
Na železniškem vozilu ali cestnem vozilu plasiran kontejner se nahaja na razkladalnem mestu za sipki material. Operater z roko odpre standardni zapahniIni mehanizem (7). Razkladalna luknja (6) se ne odpre popolnoma, ker se razkladalna luknja (6) blokira s pritrdilnim elementom (21). Operater se umakne izven dosega razkladalne luknje (6) in z drogom sproži pritrdilni element (aretirni mehanizem) (21), nakar se razkladalna luknja (6) popolnoma odpre in 70-75 % materiala pod vplivom sile teže pade iz kontejnerja navzdol v sprejemni vsebnik. Nato operater vstavi mehanično ali pnevmatično dvigalno napravo (15) v votel prostor (14) med zunanjo talno ploskvijo (2) in notranjo talno ploskvijo (8) za razkladanje preostanka materiala. Po standardnem zagonu dvigalne naprave (15) se za zvračanje notranje talne ploskve (8) prosti dolg konec notranje talne ploskve (8) s pomočjo operaterja dvigne za kot, ki zagotavlja popolno razkladanje materiala iz kontejnerja. Operater po razkladanju materiala spravi notranjo talno ploskev (8) nazaj v horizontalni položaj, odstrani dvigalno napravo (15) iz votlega prostora (14) in zapre stranske razkladalne luknje (6) kontejnerja.A container placed on a railway vehicle or road vehicle is located at the unloading point for bulk material. The operator manually opens the standard locking mechanism (7). The unloading hole (6) does not open completely because the unloading hole (6) is blocked by the fastening element (21). The operator withdraws out of reach of the unloading hole (6) and triggers the fastening element (locking mechanism) (21) with the rod, after which the unloading hole (6) opens completely and 70-75% of the material falls from the container down into the receiving container. . The operator then inserts a mechanical or pneumatic lifting device (15) into the hollow space (14) between the outer floor surface (2) and the inner floor surface (8) to unload the remaining material. After standard start-up of the lifting device (15), the free long end of the inner floor surface (8) is lifted by an operator to turn the inner floor surface (8) by an angle, which ensures complete unloading of the material from the container. After unloading the material, the operator puts the inner floor surface (8) back in a horizontal position, removes the lifting device (15) from the hollow space (14) and closes the side unloading holes (6) of the container.
Nakladanje sipkega materiala v kontejnerLoading bulk material into a container
Nakladanje sipkega materiala v kontejner se izvaja standardno preko zgornjih nakladalnih lukenj (5), pri čemer morajo biti vrata (3) čelne stene in stranske razkladalne luknje (6) zaprte. Razkladalni ščit (10, 11) je nameščen na notranji strani odprtine vrat. Notranja talna ploskev (8) leži na zunanji talni ploskvi (2). Sipki material se nasuje na notranjo talno ploskev (8). Kontejner se v skladu s svojo celotno kapaciteto oz. svojo obremenljivostjo napolni s sipkim materialom.Loading of bulk material into the container is carried out as standard via the upper loading holes (5), whereby the door (3) of the front wall and the side unloading holes (6) must be closed. The unloading shield (10, 11) is mounted on the inside of the door opening. The inner floor surface (8) lies on the outer floor surface (2). The bulk material is poured on the inner floor surface (8). The container is in accordance with its total capacity or. fill its load capacity with bulk material.
Kontejner se lahko med nakladanjem plasira v železniško vozilo, cestno vozilo ali na nakladalno mesto.The container can be placed in a railway vehicle, road vehicle or loading place during loading.
Razkladanje sipkega materiala iz kontejnerjaUnloading bulk material from a container
Razkladanje sipkega materiala iz kontejnerja se izvaja kot sledi. Zaporne naprave (7) stranskih razkladalnih lukenj (6) kontejnerja se odprejo. Razkladalna luknja (6) se odpre in del sipkega materiala se pod vplivom sile teže razloži iz kontejnerja.Unloading of bulk material from the container is performed as follows. The locking devices (7) of the side unloading holes (6) of the container are opened. The unloading hole (6) is opened and a part of the bulk material is unloaded from the container under the influence of gravity.
Preostanek sipkega materiala leži na notranji talni ploskvi (8) kontejnerja. Operater vstavi razkladalno napravo v votel prostor (14) med zunanjo talno ploskvijo (2) in notranjo talno ploskvijo (8) in jo požene. Notranja talna ploskev (8) se dvigne glede na prečno os zunanje talne ploskve (2) kontejnerja za kot, ki je večji od nasipnega kota, sipki material se usuje z notranje talne ploskve (8) in zapusti kontejner skozi razkladalne luknje (6). Operater spusti notranjo talno ploskev (8) s pomočjo dvigalnih naprav (15) na zunanjo talno ploskev (2), odstrani dvigalno napravo (15) iz votlega prostora (14) med zunanjo talno ploskvijo (2) in notranjo talno ploskvijo (8) in zapre razkladalne luknje (6). S tem je razkladanje sipkega materiala iz kontejnerja zaključeno.The rest of the bulk material lies on the inner floor surface (8) of the container. The operator inserts the unloading device into the hollow space (14) between the outer floor surface (2) and the inner floor surface (8) and drives it. The inner floor surface (8) is raised relative to the transverse axis of the outer floor surface (2) of the container for an angle greater than the bulk angle, the bulk material is poured from the inner floor surface (8) and leaves the container through the unloading holes (6). The operator lowers the inner floor surface (8) by means of lifting devices (15) onto the outer floor surface (2), removes the lifting device (15) from the hollow space (14) between the outer floor surface (2) and the inner floor surface (8) and closes the unloading holes (6). This completes the unloading of the bulk material from the container.
Nakladanje embaliranih kosovnih materialov v kontejner oz. njihovo razkladanje iz kontejnerja se izvaja na znan način s pomočjo obstoječe, že znane nakladalne in razkladalne tehnike.Loading of packaged bulk materials in a container or. their unloading from the container is carried out in a known manner by means of an existing already known loading and unloading technique.
Predstavljeni kontejner po standardu ISO za transportiranje sipkih materialov ali embaliranih kosovnih materialov z dvižno in spustno notranjo talno ploskvijo (8) ima preprosto in zanesljivo konstrukcijo ohišja (1) in pa nakladalne in razkladalne luknje (5, 6), ki zagotavljajo hitro procesno tehnično nakladanje in razkladanje sipkih materialov z obstoječimi nakladalnimi in razkladalnimi napravami, brez nagibanja kontejnerja glede na vzdolžno os ali prečno os. Pri transportiranju kontejnerja je njegova tesnost zagotovljena. Kontejner omogoča popolno in hitro nakladanje in razkladanje sipkega materiala iz kontejnerja. Kot dvigalne naprave (15) se uporabijo že znane, preproste in zanesljive dvigalne naprave. Mogoča uporaba odstranljive dvigalne naprave (15) za razkladanje sipkega materiala iz kontejnerja zniža stroške in poviša zanesljivost. Za prilagoditev kontejnerja, s katerim se neposredno pred tem transportirajo embalirani kosovni materiali, na transportiranje sipkega materiala v kontejnerju je potrebno namestiti zgolj en element in sicer čelni razkladalni ščit (10, 11), ki pokrije odprtino vrat (3) čelne stene.The presented container according to the ISO standard for transporting bulk materials or packaged bulk materials with lifting and lowering inner floor surface (8) has a simple and reliable construction of the housing (1) and loading and unloading holes (5, 6), which ensure fast process technical loading. and unloading bulk materials with existing loading and unloading devices, without tilting the container with respect to the longitudinal axis or the transverse axis. When transporting the container, its tightness is guaranteed. The container enables complete and fast loading and unloading of bulk material from the container. Already known, simple and reliable lifting devices are used as lifting devices (15). The possible use of a removable lifting device (15) for unloading bulk material from the container reduces costs and increases reliability. In order to adapt the container with which the packaged bulk materials are transported immediately before, only one element needs to be installed for transporting bulk material in the container, namely the front unloading shield (10, 11), which covers the door opening (3) of the front wall.
Claims (7)
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| US1279089A (en) * | 1915-07-03 | 1918-09-17 | Samuel H Dolbear | Storage bin, den, and the like. |
| WO2005090205A1 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-29 | Rees Operations Pty Ltd | Improved means for emptying bulk liquid containers |
| CN103381942A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-06 | 任寅钊 | Automatic unloading container |
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| CN213650645U (en) | 2021-07-09 |
| AT17104U1 (en) | 2021-05-15 |
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| OO00 | Grant of patent |
Effective date: 20210303 |