SI24033A - Chemical hybridization of hermafrodite plant varieties by easily soluble oxanilic acid derivatives - Google Patents
Chemical hybridization of hermafrodite plant varieties by easily soluble oxanilic acid derivatives Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/026—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility by treatment with chemicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups —CO—N< and, both being directly attached by their carbon atoms to the same carbon skeleton, e.g. H2N—NH—CO—C6H4—COOCH3; Thio-analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
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Abstract
Predloženi izum se nanaša na kemičen način izkoriščanja heterozisa pri gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrstah, zlasti navadni pšenici (lat. Triticum aestivum L.), pri katerem kot aktivno snov za kemično hibridizacijo uporabimo lahkotopne oz. vodotopne derivate oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihove kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli oziroma vodotopne pripravke, ki jih vsebujejo. Nadalje se izum nanaša tudi na postopek pridelave hibridnih semen F1 generacije gospodarskopomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrst, zlasti navadne pšenice, s kemično hibridizacijo z lahkotopnimi spojinami s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihovimi kmetijsko sprejemljivimi vodotopnimi solmi, ki omogoča, v primerjavi z do sedaj uporabljanimi načini, enostavnejšo zasnovo semenskega posevka za pridelavo hibridnega semena F1 generacije, boljšo izrabo prostora, boljšo oprašitev materne komponente (linija AA) in večjo količino semena želene F1 generacije glede na posejano količino obeh starševskihkomponent.The present invention relates to a chemical method of exploiting heterosis in economically important hermaphroditic plant species, in particular common wheat (lat. Triticum aestivum L.), in which light-soluble resin is used as the active substance for chemical hybridization. water-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives of general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts or water-soluble preparations containing them. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a process for the production of F1 hybrid seeds of a generation of economically important hermaphroditic plant species, in particular common wheat, by chemical hybridization with easily soluble compounds of general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts. the methods used, a simpler seed crop design for the production of F1 generation hybrid seed, better use of space, better pollination of the mother component (line AA) and a larger amount of seed of the desired F1 generation compared to the sown amount of both parent components.
Description
Kemična hibridizacija hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrst z lahkotopnimi derivati oksanilne kislineChemical hybridization of hermaphrodite plant species with light-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives
Predmet izumaThe subject of the invention
Predloženi izum se nanaša na kemičen način izkoriščanja heterozisa pri gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrstah, prednostno iz družine trav (lat. Poaceae), še zlasti navadni pšenici (lat. Triticum aestivum L.), pri katerem kot aktivno snov za kemično hibridizacijo uporabimo lahkotopne oz. vodotopne derivate oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihove kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli oziroma vodotopne pripravke, kijih vsebujejo.The present invention relates to the chemical use of heterosis in economically important hermaphroditic plant species, preferably from the family of grasses (Lat. Poaceae), in particular common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestivum L.), in which light-soluble or . water-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives of general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts or water-soluble preparations containing them.
Nadalje se izum nanaša na postopek pridelave hibridnih semen Fi generacije (prva generacija potomstva) gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrst, zlasti navadne pšenice, s kemično hibridizacijo, ki obsega:The invention further relates to the process of producing hybrid seeds of the Fi generation (first generation offspring) of economically important hermaphrodite plant species, in particular common wheat, by chemical hybridization comprising:
izbiro semen obeh starševskih komponent tako, da je možna setev semen obeh starševskih komponent v obliki ločenih pasov ali, po izbiri, v obliki zmesi medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent, pri čemer v primeru sejanja zmesi semen materna komponenta hibridne sorte (linija AA) izraža naravno ali z genetskim inženiringom pridobljeno odpornost proti herbicidu, prednostno neselektivnemu herbicidu, očetovska komponenta hibridne sorte (linija BB) pa take odpornosti ne izraža, in pri čemer se pri setvi semen obeh starševskih komponent v obliki zmesi, zaradi sinhronizacije cvetenja obeh starševskih komponent in preprečitve indukcije visokega odstotka moške sterilnosti v opraševalcu, socvetje (inflorescenca) opraševalca (linija BB) pojavi, ko pri materni komponenti hibridne sorte (linija AA) nastopi konec premejotične faze,selecting seeds of both parental components so that the sowing of seeds of both parental components is possible in the form of separate bands or, optionally, in the form of a mixture of mutually mixed seeds of both parental components, whereby in the case of sowing the seed mixture the mother component of the hybrid variety (line AA) expresses naturally or genetically engineered resistance to the herbicide, preferably a non-selective herbicide, the paternal component of the hybrid variety (line BB) does not express such resistance, and in the case of sowing seeds of both parental components in the form of a mixture to synchronize the flowering of the two parental components and prevent the induction of a high percentage of male sterility in the pollinator, the inflorescence of the pollinator (line BB) occurs when the end of the pre-meiotic phase occurs at the maternal component of the hybrid variety (line AA),
induciranje moške sterilnosti v rastlinah materne komponente hibridne sorte (linija AA), pri katerem na rastline od konca premejotične faze rastlin materne komponente naprej in/ali ko so le-te v mejotični fazi apliciramo kot aktivno snov za kemično hibridizacijo lahkotopne derivate oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihove kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli in, po izbiri, v primeru sejanja semen v obliki zmesi obeh starševskih komponent, po končani oploditvi rastlin materne komponente (linija AA), odstranitev rastlin očetovske komponente iz semenskega posevka z aplikacijo herbicida prednostno neselektivnega herbicida, proti kateremu rastline materne komponente izražajo odpornost, rastline očetovske komponente oz. opraševalca pa te odpornosti nimajo, na rastline in njihov lokus.induction of male sterility in plants of the mother component of the hybrid variety (line AA), in which the plants from the end of the pre-meiotic phase of the plants of the maternal component forward and / or when they are in the meiotic phase are applied as an active substance for the chemical hybridization of the light-soluble oxanylic acid derivative with general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts and, optionally, in the case of seed sowing in the form of a mixture of both parent components, after fertilization of the plants of the maternal component (line AA), the removal of the plants of the paternal component from the seed crop by application of the herbicide, preferably non-selective herbicide against which plants of the maternal component express resistance, plants of the paternal component or however, pollinators do not have this resistance to plants and their locus.
Postopek v smislu izuma v primeru sejanja zmesi medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent hibridne sorte omogoča enostavnejšo zasnovo semenskega posevka za pridelavo hibridnega semena, boljšo izrabo prostora, boljšo oprašitev materne komponente (linija AA) in večjo količino semena želene Fi generacije glede na posejano količino obeh starševskih komponent v primerjavi z do sedaj uporabljanimi načini.The process of the invention in the case of sowing mixtures of mixed seeds of both parental components of the hybrid variety makes it easier to design a seed crop for hybrid seed production, better utilization of space, better pollination of the native component (line AA) and greater seed of the desired Fi generation relative to the sown amount of both the parent components compared to the methods used so far.
Stanje tehnike in tehnični problemState of the art and technical problem
Izum se nanaša na postopek za izkoriščanje heterozisa pri rastlinah z dvospolnimi cvetovi (v nadaljevanju hermafroditi oziroma hermafroditne rastlinske vrste) še zlasti pri navadni pšenici s kemično indukcijo moške sterilnosti. Heterozis predstavlja superiornost prve generacije potomstva (Fj generacija) nad starševsko ali parentalno generacijo, ki se kaže kot npr. višji pridelek, nižja vsebnost mikotoksinov, racionalnejša poraba rastlinskih hranil itd.. Za izkoriščanje heterozisa se uporabljajo hibridi, ki nastanejo z nadzorovanim križanjem dveh genetsko različnih homozigotnih starševskih komponent (5 linija AA x 6 linija BB) (Blouet, A., Streiff, K., Guckert,The invention relates to a method for exploiting heterosis in plants with two-flowered flowers (hereinafter hermaphrodites or hermaphrodite plant species), in particular in common wheat with the chemical induction of male sterility. Heterosis represents the superiority of the first offspring generation (Fj generation) over the parental or parental generation, manifesting as e.g. higher yields, lower mycotoxin content, more rational use of plant nutrients, etc. Hybridization resulting from the controlled intersection of two genetically different homozygous parental components (5 lines AA x 6 line BB) (Blouet, A., Streiff, K ., Guckert,
A. (1999): Possibilities for hybrid seed production in wheat. V: Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops. Basra A.S. (ur.). Binghamton, Food Products Press®: 81-108.)A. (1999): Possibilities for hybrid seed production in wheat. In: Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops. Basra A.S. , editor (s). Binghamton, Food Products Press®: 81-108.)
Za pridelavo hibridnega semena rastlinskih vrst z dvospolnimi ali hermafroditnimi cvetovi je potreben učinkovit sistem za indukcijo moške sterilnosti. Indukcija moške sterilnosti pomeni, da se na dvospolni rastlinski vrsti začne izražati le ženski spol.An efficient system for the induction of male sterility is required to produce hybrid seed of plant species with bisexual or hermaphrodite flowers. Induction of male sterility means that only the female gender begins to express itself on the bi-sex plant species.
V preteklosti je bilo za indukcijo moške sterilnosti pri hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrstah predlaganih več pristopov na genetski in transgeni osnovi. Sistemom za indukcijo moške sterilnosti, ki temeljijo na citoplazemsko-genetski moški sterilnosti, transgenu za sintezo citotoksičnih ali citostatičnih polipeptidov ter transgenu za oblikovanje eksogene dvoverižne RNA za indukcijo RNA interference, je skupno vzdrževanje moško sterilne materne komponente z njenim fertilnim analogom (trokomponentni sistem). Za razliko od genetskih in transgenih pristopov za vzgojo hibridnih sort, ki temeljijo na treh distinktnih linijah ($ linija AA, izogena linija A A, linija BB), sta pri kemični indukciji moške sterilnosti potrebni le starševski komponenti hibridne sorte (dvokomponentni sistem). Poleg tega je prednost kemične indukcije moške sterilnosti tudi odsotnost zahtevnega genetskega inženiringa in dolgotrajnega vnosa moško sterilne citoplazme s povratnimi križanji (Wirmani in sod.In the past, several genetic and transgenic approaches have been proposed to induce male sterility in hermaphrodite plant species. Male sterility induction systems based on cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility, a transgene for the synthesis of cytotoxic or cytostatic polypeptides, and a transgene for the formation of exogenous double-stranded RNA for induction of RNA interference, is the total maintenance of a male-sterile maternal component with its fertile analogue (three-component system). Unlike genetic and transgenic approaches for the cultivation of hybrid varieties based on three distinct lines ($ line AA, isogenic line A A, line BB), only parental components of the hybrid variety (two-component system) are required for chemical induction of male sterility. In addition, the advantage of chemical induction of male sterility is the absence of demanding genetic engineering and prolonged uptake of male sterile cytoplasm with backcrosses (Wirmani et al.
(2003): Two-line Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual. Hardy B. (ur.). Metro Manila, IRRI).(2003): Two-line Hybrid Rice Breeding Manual. Hardy B., editor (s). Metro Manila, IRRI).
Povezavo med selektivnim vplivom kemikalije na metabolizem rastline v smislu indukcije moške sterilnosti (gametocidno delovanje) in pridelavo hibridnega semena je bilo možno zaslediti že leta 1957. V tem letu je bila opisana metoda za pridelavo hibridnega semena bombaža (lat. Gossipium hirsutum L.) z uporabo sredstva FW-450 (proizvajalec Rohm & Haas). Uveljavljen izraz za kemikalije, ki imajo izrazit selektiven vpliv na mikrosporogenezo oziroma razvoj viabilnega peloda in s katerimi je možna pridelava hibridnega semena je sredstvo za kemično hibridizacijo (angl.The link between the selective influence of the chemical on plant metabolism in terms of male sterility induction (gametocidal action) and the production of hybrid seed was traced back to 1957. This year, a method was described for the production of hybrid cotton seed (Lat. Gossipium hirsutum L.) with using FW-450 (manufactured by Rohm & Haas). A well-known term for chemicals that have a distinctive selective effect on microsporogenesis or the development of viable pollen and which is capable of producing hybrid seed is a chemical hybridization agent.
Chemical hybridizing agent - kratica CHA) (McRae, D.H. (1985): Advances in Chemical hybridization. Plant breed. Review., 3: 169-191).Chemical hybridizing agent - abbreviation CHA) (McRae, D. H. (1985): Advances in Chemical hybridization. Plant breed. Review. 3: 169-191).
Sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo omogočajo učinkovito indukcijo moške sterilnosti v materni komponenti hibridne sorte, vendar je njihova aplikacija pri širši pridelavi hibridnega semena zaradi potrebe po ločenosti obeh starševskih komponent pogosto preveč zapletena.Chemical hybridization agents make it possible to effectively induce male sterility in the native component of the hybrid variety, but their application in the wider cultivation of hybrid seed is often too complex due to the need for separation of the two parental components.
Sedanji pristopi za kemičen način izkoriščanja heterozisa zahtevajo setev obeh starševskih komponent v obliki pasov. Pri pridelavi hibridnega semena navadne pšenice (lat. Triticum aestivum L.), ki je tipična hermafroditna rastlinska vrsta, so pasovi materne komponente (linija AA) običajno široki od 6-20 m, pasovi opraševalca (linija BB) pa od 1,5-6 m. Poleg tega, daje setev starševskih komponent v obliki pasov v praksi zelo zahtevno opravilo, je sredina pasov materne komponente zaradi velike razdalje od mesta nastanka cvetnega prahu pogosto slabo oplojena (Cisar, G., Cooper, D.B. (2002): Hybrid wheat. V: Bread wheat. Curtis B.C., Rajaram S., Gomez Macpherson H. (ur.). Rome, FAO Plant Production and Protection Series).Current approaches to chemically exploit heterosis require the sowing of both parent components in the form of bands. In the production of hybrid seed of common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestivum L.), which is a typical hermaphrodite plant species, the belts of the native component (line AA) are usually between 6-20 m wide and the pollinator belts (line BB) are from 1.5- 6 m. In addition, the sowing of parent components in the form of belts is a very difficult task in practice, because of the large distance from the pollen site, the middle belts of the maternal component are often poorly fertilized (Cisar, G., Cooper, DB (2002): Hybrid wheat. In: Bread wheat. Curtis BC, Rajaram S., Gomez Macpherson H. (Eds.) Rome, FAO Plant Production and Protection Series.
Pomemben problem pri kemičnem načinu izkoriščanja heterozisa predstavlja tudi izbira aktivne snovi, ker večina sredstev za kemično hibridizacijo v zgodnjih fazah organogeneze deluje izrazito fitotoksično (Blouet, A., Streiff, K., Guckert, A. (1999): Possibilities for hybrid seed production in wheat. V: Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops. Basra A.S. (ur.). Binghamton, Food Products Press®: 81-108.).An important problem with the chemical mode of exploitation of heterosis is also the choice of the active substance, since most chemical hybridization agents in the early stages of organogenesis appear to be highly phytotoxic (Blouet, A., Streiff, K., Guckert, A. (1999): Possibilities for hybrid seed production in wheat. In: Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops. Basra AS (Ed.). Binghamton, Food Products Press®: 81-108.).
Posledica tega je, da se zaradi sinhronizacije cvetenja, pri čemer mora opraševal ec zaostajati v razvoju, starševski komponenti ne moreta posejati v obliki zmesi.As a result, due to flowering synchronization, with the pollinator ec having to lag behind in development, the parent components cannot sow in the form of mixtures.
V skupini kemikalij, ki inhibirajo mikrosporogenezo, so se kot komercialna sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo navadne pšenice uveljavili predstavniki iz skupine oksopiridazinov in oksi- ter amino-substituiranih kinolinov (Dotlacil, L., Apltauerova, M. (1978): Pollen sterility induced by ethrel and its utilization in hybridization of wheat. Euphytica, 27: 353-360; Graham, R.D., (1986): Induction of male sterility in wheat using organic ligands with high specificity for binding copper. Euphytica, 35: 621-629; Wong, M. in sod. (1995): Effectiveness of SC2053 as a Chemical hybridizing agent for winter wheat. Plant Growth Regulation, 16: 243-248).Representatives of the oxopyridazine and oxy- and amino-substituted quinolines (Dotlacil, L., Apltauerova, M. (1978): Pollen sterility induced by ethrel have been recognized as commercial agents for the chemical hybridization of common wheat in the group of chemicals that inhibit microsporogenesis. and its utilization in wheat hybridization. Euphytica, 27: 353-360; Graham, RD, (1986): Induction of small sterility in wheat using organic ligands with high specificity for binding copper. Euphytica, 35: 621-629; Wong. M. et al. (1995): Effectiveness of SC2053 as a Chemical hybridizing agent for winter wheat. Plant Growth Regulation, 16: 243-248).
Znana predstavnika oksopiridazinov z gametocidnim delovanjem sta fenridazon (1-(4klorofenil)-l,4-dihidro-6-metil-4-oksopiridazin-3-karboksilna kislina) in klofencet (2(4-klorofenil)-3-etil-2,5-dihidro-5-oksopiridazin-4-karboksilna kislina). Podjetje Rohm & Haas je v sedemdesetih in osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja razvilo serijo oksopiridazinov (RH-531, RH-532, RH-2956, RH-4667, RH-5148, RH-0007) med katerimi je aktivna snov fenridazon (RH-0007) dosegla komercialno vrednost v obliki pripravka Hybrex®. Klofencet je v obliki pripravka GENESIS® (tudi MON 21200) leta 1997 registriralo podjetje Monsanto, vendar ga je moralo po nekaj letih zaradi okoljske nesprejemljivosti umakniti iz uporabe. Za učinkovito indukcijo moške sterilnosti je potrebno pripravek GENESIS® (22,4 %) aplicirati med fenofazama EC 32 in EC 39 (viden jeziček zastavičarja) v odmerku od 1,4 kg do 2,7 kg aktivne snovi na hektar. Pelodna zrna rastlin, tretiranih z aktivno snovjo klofencet, imajo valovito površino in eksina je za 80 % tanjša. Pelodna zrna zaradi plazmolize niso sposobna kalitve (United States - Environmental Protection Agency. PESTICIDE FACT SHEET / Clofencet (1997); Bucholtz, D.L., (1988): Effect of environment and formulation on the absorbtion and translocation of fenridazon in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Growth Regulation, 7: 65-73.The known representatives of oxopyridazines with gametocidal action are phenridazone (1- (4-chlorophenyl) -1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxopyridazine-3-carboxylic acid) and clofencet (2 (4-chlorophenyl) -3-ethyl-2, 5-dihydro-5-oxopyridazine-4-carboxylic acid). Rohm & Haas developed a series of oxopyridazines (RH-531, RH-532, RH-2956, RH-4667, RH-5148, RH-0007) in the 1970s and 1980s, among which is the active substance fenridazone (RH-0007 ) achieved commercial value in the form of the Hybrex® preparation. Clofencet was authorized by Monsanto in 1997 in the form of GENESIS® (also MON 21200), but had to be discontinued after several years due to environmental unacceptability. For the effective induction of male sterility, GENESIS® (22.4%) should be administered between EC 32 and EC 39 phenophases (visible flagellar tab) at a dose of 1.4 kg to 2.7 kg of active substance per hectare. The pollen grains of the plants treated with the active substance clofencet have a wavy surface and the exine is 80% thinner. Plasmolysis grains are not capable of germination (United States - Environmental Protection Agency. PESTICIDE FACT SHEET / Clofencet (1997); Bucholtz, DL, (1988): Effect of environment and formulation on the absorption and translocation of fenridazone in wheat (Triticum aestivum L .). Plant Growth Regulation, 7: 65-73.
Med substituiranimi kinolini po gametocidnem delovanju izstopata kemikaliji SC1271 (l-(4-klorofenil)-4-okso-5-propoksikinolin-3-karboksilna kislina) in SC-2053 (l-(4-klorofenil)-4-okso-5(metoksietoksi) kinolin-3-karboksilna kislina), ki ju je razvil Orsan/DuPont. SC-2053 predstavlja aktivno snov sintofen, ki se uporablja kot komercialno sredstvo za kemično hibridizacijo CROISOR® 100. Pripravek • · w · ·Substituted quinolines by gametocidal action are the chemicals SC1271 (1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4-oxo-5-propoxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) and SC-2053 (1- (4-chlorophenyl) -4-oxo-5 ( methoxyethoxy) quinoline-3-carboxylic acid) developed by Orsan / DuPont. SC-2053 is an active substance syntophen used as a commercial chemical hybridization agent CROISOR® 100. Preparation • · w · ·
CROISOR® 100 se aplicira, ko znaša dolžina klasa na glavnem poganjku od 14 mm do 18 mm v odmerku od 13 1/ha do 15 1/ha (1,3 kg do 1,5 kg aktivne snovi na hektar).CROISOR® 100 is applied when the class length on the main shoot ranges from 14 mm to 18 mm at a dose of 13 1 / ha to 15 1 / ha (1.3 kg to 1.5 kg of active substance per hectare).
Pelodna zrna tretiranih rastlin imajo valovito površino in degenerirano citoplazmo (splošna retardacija) (Wong in sod., 1995).The pollen grains of treated plants have a wavy surface and degenerate cytoplasm (general retardation) (Wong et al., 1995).
Uporaba derivatov oksanilne kisline za namen kemične hibridizacije je navedena v dokumentu Chakraborty, K., Devakumar, C. (2006): Ethyloxanilates as specific male gametocides for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Breeding, 125: 441-447), kjer so bili etilni estri oksanilatov uporabljeni kot sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo v obliki emulzij z organskim topilom (npr. etilen dikloridom, metilnaftalenom, glikol etri, cikloheksanonom, anizolom). Nekateri derivati oksanilne kisline in njihova uporaba v postopku indukcije moške sterilnosti so opisani tudi npr. v GB patentu št. 1 572 527 (Batch in sod.). V tem dokumentu je navedeno, da se lahko vodne disperzije ali emulzije pripravijo z raztapljanjem aktivne sestavine v organskem topilu. Ta dokument ne obravnava priprave vodotopnih pripravkov, ki vsebujejo lahkotopne oz. vodotopne derivate oksanilne kisline in/ali njihove vodotopne soli.The use of oxanilic acid derivatives for chemical hybridization purposes is reported in Chakraborty, K., Devakumar, C. (2006): Ethyloxanilates as specific small gametocides for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Breeding, 125: 441-447), where the ethyl esters of oxanylates have been used as chemical hybridization agents in the form of emulsions with an organic solvent (eg ethylene dichloride, methylnaphthalene, glycol ethers, cyclohexanone, anisole). Certain oxanilic acid derivatives and their use in the process of male sterility induction are also described e.g. in GB patent no. 1 572 527 (Batch et al.). This document states that aqueous dispersions or emulsions can be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in an organic solvent. This document does not address the preparation of water-soluble preparations containing light-soluble or. water-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives and / or their water-soluble salts.
Razvoj sodobnih sredstev za kemično hibridizacijo se nadaljuje, predvsem v smeri doseganja boljše selektivnosti gametocidnega delovanja ter manjšega vpliva na okolje. Namen izuma je bil razviti nova okolju prijaznejša sredstva z gametocidnim delovanjem oz. sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo in zmanjšati vnos hlapnih organskih spojin v okolje in rastline. Ugotovili smo, da je oksanilna kislina zanimiva osnova za pripravo sredstev za kemično hibridizacijo v smislu izuma, saj je njihova sinteza enostavna in cenovno ugodna, poleg tega pa kislinska funkcija nudi možnost dodatne funkcionalizacije z namenom tvorbe vodotopnih aktivnih snovi. Predloženi izum se torej nanaša na spremembo strukture učinkovin v smislu njihove povečane lahkotopnosti oz. vodotopnosti in na pripravo vodotopnih pripravkov, ki omogočajo enostavnejšo uporabo za aplikacijo na polju v obliki vodnih raztopin.The development of modern chemical hybridization agents is continuing, especially in the direction of achieving better selectivity for gametocidal action and less environmental impact. The purpose of the invention was to develop new environmentally friendly agents with gametocidal action or. chemical hybridization agents and reduce the uptake of volatile organic compounds into the environment and plants. It has been found that oxanilic acid is an interesting basis for the preparation of the chemical hybridization agents of the invention, since their synthesis is simple and inexpensive, and the acidic function offers the possibility of additional functionalization in order to form water-soluble active substances. The present invention therefore relates to a change in the structure of the active ingredients in terms of their increased solubility or solubility. water solubility and the preparation of water-soluble preparations that make it easier to use for field application in the form of aqueous solutions.
Rešitev tehničnega problema s primeriSolve a technical problem with cases
Predloženi izum se nanaša na kemičen način izkoriščanja heterozisa pri gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrstah, prednostno iz družine trav (lat. Poaceae), zlasti pri navadni pšenici (lat. Triticum aestivum L.), pri katerem kot aktivno snov za kemično hibridizacijo z gametocidnim delovanjem uporabimo lahkotopne derivate oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihove kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli.The present invention relates to a chemical method of exploiting heterosis in economically important hermaphrodite plant species, preferably from the grass family (Lat. Poaceae), in particular in common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestivum L.), in which it is used as an active substance for chemical hybridization by gametocidal action light-weight oxanilic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts are used.
Nadalje se izum nanaša na postopek pridelave hibridnih semen F! generacije gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrst, prednostno hermafroditnih žit iz družine trav, zlasti prednostno navadne pšenice, s kemično hibridizacijo, ki obsega:The invention further relates to a process for the production of hybrid seeds F! Generations of economically important hermaphroditic plant species, preferably hermaphroditic cereals from the grass family, especially preferably common wheat, by chemical hybridization comprising:
izbiro semen obeh starševskih komponent gospodarsko pomembne hermafroditne rastlinske vrste tako, daje možna setev semen obeh starševskih komponent ločeno v obliki enega ali več ločenih pasov ali, po izbiri, v obliki zmesi medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent, pri čemer v primeru sejanja zmesi semen materna komponenta hibridne sorte (linija AA) izraža naravno ali z genetskim inženiringom pridobljeno odpornost proti herbicidu, prednostno neselektivnemu herbicidu, očetovska komponenta hibridne sorte (linija BB) (opraševalec) pa take odpornosti ne izraža, in pri čemer se pri setvi semen obeh starševskih komponent v obliki zmesi, zaradi sinhronizacije cvetenja obeh starševskih komponent in preprečitve indukcije visokega odstotka moške sterilnosti v opraševalcu, socvetje (inflorescenca) opraševalca (linija BB) pojavi, ko pri materni komponenti hibridne sorte (linija AA) nastopi konec premejotične faze, induciranje moške sterilnosti v rastlinah materne komponente hibridne sorte (linija AA), pri katerem na rastline od konca premejotične faze rastlin materne komponente naprej in/ali ko so le-te v mejotični fazi apliciramo kot aktivno snov za kemično hibridizacijo lahkotopne derivate oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihove kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli:selecting seeds of both parental components of an economically important hermaphrodite plant species such that the possible sowing of the seeds of both parental components is separately in the form of one or more separate bands or, optionally, in the form of a mixture of mutually mixed seeds of both parental components; the component of the hybrid variety (line AA) expresses naturally or genetically engineered resistance to the herbicide, preferably a non-selective herbicide, and the paternal component of the hybrid variety (line BB) (pollinator) does not express such resistance, whereby the seeds of both parental components in form of the mixture, in order to synchronize the flowering of the two parental components and prevent the induction of a high percentage of male sterility in the pollinator, inflorescence of the pollinator (line BB) occurs when the end of the pre-meiotic phase occurs at the parent component of the hybrid variety (line AA), inducing male sterility in plants maternal components of the hybrid variety (line AA), in which the plants from the end of the pre-meiotic phase of the plants of the maternal component onwards and / or when they are in the meiotic phase are applied as an active substance for the chemical hybridization of a light-soluble oxanilic acid derivative of general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts:
kjer:where:
X predstavlja atom halogena, kot so fluor, klor, brom ali jod, ali -CN skupino ali vodik ali alkilno ali fluoroalkilno skupino, prednostno atom broma ali -CN skupino;X represents a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a -CN group or hydrogen or an alkyl or fluoroalkyl group, preferably a bromine atom or -CN group;
Y predstavlja skupino, izbrano iz skupine, ki obsega -OH in/ali -OM, pri čemer M predstavlja kation, primeren za tvorbo kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli, kot je kation alkalijske kovine, npr. Na ali K, ali tetraalkilamonijev ion, prednostno Na+;Y represents a group selected from the group consisting of -OH and / or -OM, wherein M represents a cation suitable for the formation of an agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salt such as an alkali metal cation, e.g. Na or K, or a tetraalkylammonium ion, preferably Na + ;
in, po izbiri,and, optionally,
- v primeru sejanja semen v obliki zmesi obeh starševskih komponent, po končani oploditvi rastlin materne komponente hibridne sorte (linija AA), pri čemer materna komponenta izraža naravno ali z genetskim inženiringom pridobljeno odpornost proti herbicidu, prednostno neselektivnem herbicidu, očetovska komponenta (linija BB) pa take odpornosti ne izraža, odstranitev rastlin očetovske komponente iz semenskega posevka z aplikacijo herbicida, prednostno neselektivnega herbicida, proti kateremu rastline materne komponente izražajo odpornost, rastline očetovske komponente oz. opraševalca pa te odpornosti nimajo, na rastline in njihov lokus,- in the case of sowing seeds in the form of a mixture of both parent components, after the fertilization of the plants of the parent component of the hybrid variety (line AA) is completed, the maternal component expressing naturally or genetically engineered resistance to the herbicide, preferably a non-selective herbicide, the paternal component (line BB) however, it does not express such resistance, the removal of the paternal component plants from the seed crop by application of a herbicide, preferably a non-selective herbicide, to which the maternal component plants express resistance, the paternal component plants or. however, pollinators do not have this resistance, on the plants and their locus,
Postopek v smislu izuma lahko uporabimo na gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrstah, predvsem na hermafroditnih žitih iz družine trav (lat. Poaceae), še zlasti navadni pšenici (lat. Triticum aestivum L.).The process of the invention can be applied to economically important hermaphroditic plant species, especially hermaphroditic cereals from the grass family (Lat. Poaceae), in particular common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestivum L.).
Z izrazom obe starševski komponenti kot ga uporabljamo v predloženem izumu, mislimo semena materne komponente (linija AA) in očetovske komponente (linija BB) gospodarsko pomembnih hermafrotidnih rastlinskih vrst, zlasti hermafroditnih žit iz družine trav, prednostno navadne pšenice. Po enem vidiku izuma smo jih izbrali tako, da imata materna in očetovska komponenta ustrezen zamik v razvoju, tako da inflorescenca očetovske komponente (opraševalca) postane vidna, ko nastopi konec premejotične faze oz. mejotična faza organogeneze materne komponente (sinhronizacija cvetenja). To omogoča, da aktivno snov za kemično hibridizacijo, spojino s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njeno kmetijsko sprejemljivo vodotopno sol, apliciramo na rastline materne komponente v času od konca premejotične faze rastlin materne komponente dalje in/ali ko so le-te v mejotični fazi organogeneze.By the term both parental components as used in the present invention, we mean the seeds of the maternal component (line AA) and the paternal component (line BB) of economically important hermaphrotic plant species, especially hermaphroditic cereals from the grass family, preferably common wheat. According to one aspect of the invention, they have been selected in such a way that the maternal and paternal components have a corresponding developmental delay, so that the inflorescence of the paternal component (pollinator) becomes visible when the end of the pre-meiotic phase or. meiotic phase of maternal component organogenesis (flowering synchronization). This allows the active substance for chemical hybridization, the compound of general formula (I) and / or its agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salt to be applied to the plants of the maternal component at the time from the end of the pre-meiotic phase of the plants of the maternal component, and / or when meiotic phase of organogenesis.
V prednostni izvedbi postopek v smislu izuma izvedemo na navadni pšenici (lat. Triticum aestivum L.). Pri tej so v fazi aplikacije aktivne snovi, t.j. spojine s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njene vodotopne kmetijsko sprejemljive soli, na rastline, pri materni komponenti (linija AA) klasi na glavnem poganjku dolgi od 15-20 mm, medtem ko so klasi na glavnem poganjku očetovske komponente (linija BB) dolgi 5 mm.In a preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is performed on common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestivum L.). The active substances are in the application phase, i.e. compounds of general formula (I) and / or water-soluble agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, on plants, in the maternal component (line AA) of the class on the main shoot 15-20 mm long, while the classes on the main shoot of the paternal component (line BB) 5 mm long.
Kot materne komponente (linija AA) so za uporabo v smislu izuma zlasti uporabni genotipi (kultivarji) navadne pšenice, izbrani iz skupine, ki obsega: Ficko, Guami, Sana, Inoui, Marija, Bologna.As the mother components (line AA), the genotypes (cultivars) of common wheat selected from the group comprising: Ficko, Guami, Sana, Inoui, Maria, Bologna are particularly useful for use in the invention.
Kot očetovska komponenta je za uporabo v smislu izuma uporaben npr. kulti var navadne pšenice (lat. Triticum aestivum L.) Ludwig.As a paternal component, it is useful, for example, for use in the invention. cults of var common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestivum L.) Ludwig.
Za izkoriščanje heterozisa oziroma pridelave hibridnega semena gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrst, prednostno iz družine trav (lat. Poaceae), zlasti prednostno navadne pšenice (lat. Triticum aestvum L.), z aplikacijo sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo, pri čemer se semena obeh starševskih komponent poseje v obliki zmesi, je potrebno ob upoštevanju že omenjene sinhronizacije cvetenja rastlin • « · obeh starševskih komponent, izbrati takšno materno komponento, ki ima determinanto (t.j. gen) za odpornost proti herbicidu, prednostno neselektivnem herbicidu. Za uvedbo odpornosti proti N-fosfinometil glicinu (glifosat), ki je najpogosteje uporabljena aktivna snov v neselektivnih herbicidih, obstajajo različni transgeni pristopi, ki so znani strokovnjaku s tega področja (npr. gen cp4-epsps, bar, gox), uporablja pa se tudi naravna odpornost (endogeni gen) rastlin, ki se jo da uspešno inducirati ob regeneraciji rastlin na gojiščih z dodano navedeno aktivno snovjo neselektivnim herbicidom. Pšenica z odpornostjo proti neselektivnim hebicidom in postopek za njeno pridobivanje so npr. opisani v patentu US7087809 B2 (William, H. D. (2006) Natural herbicide resistance in wheat) in US patentni prijavi US 2009/0320151 (William, 2006, Kimberlee in sod., 2009, Glyphosate-toleant wheat genotypes).For the exploitation of heterosis or the production of hybrid seeds of economically important hermaphroditic plant species, preferably from the grass family (Lat. Poaceae), especially preferably common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestvum L.), by the application of a chemical hybridization agent, the seeds of both parental components being used. sowing in the form of a mixture, it is necessary to select such a maternal component having a determinant (ie gene) for herbicide resistance, preferably a non-selective herbicide, taking into account the aforementioned synchronization of the flowering plants. To introduce resistance to N-phosphinomethyl glycine (glyphosate), which is the most commonly used active substance in non-selective herbicides, there are various transgenic approaches known to those skilled in the art (eg, cp4-epsps gene, bar, gox). also the natural resistance (endogenous gene) of the plants that can be successfully induced upon regeneration of the plants on the media with the addition of said active substance to a non-selective herbicide. Wheat with resistance to non-selective hebicides and a process for its production are e.g. described in US7087809 B2 (William, H. D. (2006) Natural herbicide resistance in wheat) and US patent application 2009/0320151 (William, 2006; Kimberlee et al., 2009, Glyphosate-toleant wheat genotypes).
Nadaljnji vidik predloženega izuma je torej postopek pridelave hibridnega semena Fi generacije gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrst, prednostno navadne pšenice, s kemično hibridizacijo z aktivno snovjo s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njenimi kmetijsko sprejemljivimi vodotopnimi solmi v smislu izuma, pri katerem v primeru, da sejemo zmes medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent, poleg tega, da pri izbiri semen upoštevamo sinhronizacijo cvetenja obeh starševskih komponent z namenom preprečitve indukcije visokega odstotka moške sterilnosti v opraševalcu v fazi postopka kemične hibridizacije, nadalje izberemo semena obeh starševskih komponent tako, da materna komponenta izraža naravno ali z genetskim inženiringom pridobljeno odpornost proti herbicidu, prednostno neselektivnem herbicidu, očetovska komponenta pa take odpornosti ne izraža. To omogoča, da se po končani oploditvi materne komponente rastline očetovske komponente odstrani z aplikacijo herbicida, prednostno neselektivnega herbicida, tako da dobimo F i semena hibridne sorte. Na tak način lahko dobimo bolj čisto F! generacijo semen, kot s sicer v stroki znanim in uveljavljenim načinom sejanja v pasovih, t.j. dobimo F| seme v bistvu brez primesi BB linije.It is a further aspect of the present invention to produce a hybrid seed of Fi generation of economically important hermaphrodite plant species, preferably common wheat, by chemical hybridization with an active substance of general formula (I) and / or its agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts of the invention, wherein to sow a mixture of mutually mixed seeds of both parental components, in addition to considering the synchronization of flowering of the two parental components in order to prevent the induction of a high percentage of male sterility in the pollinator during the chemical hybridization process, further select the seeds of both parental components so that the maternal the component expresses naturally or genetically engineered resistance to the herbicide, preferably a non-selective herbicide, and the paternal component does not express such resistance. This allows the paternal component to be removed after fertilization of the parent component of the plant by application of a herbicide, preferably a non-selective herbicide, to give F i seeds of the hybrid variety. That way we can get a cleaner F! seed generation, as with the otherwise well-known and well-known method of sowing in belts, i.e. we get F | the seed is essentially unmixed BB line.
Kot primerni herbicidi za odstranitev očetovske komponente po oploditvi materne komponente, so uporabni sulfonilsečninski herbicidi, kot sta npr. rimsulfuron in nikosulfuron, herbicidi na osnovi imidazolinona, kot je imazamoks, in organofosforni herbicidi, kot glufosinat ali glifosat. Po prednostni varianti je uporabljen neselektiven herbicid, kot je npr. N-fosfinometil glicin (glifosat).Suitable sulphonylurea herbicides such as e.g., herbicides for removal of the paternal component after fertilization of the maternal component are useful. rimsulfuron and nicosulfuron, imidazolinone-based herbicides such as imazamox and organophosphorus herbicides such as glufosinate or glyphosate. In a preferred embodiment, a non-selective herbicide such as e.g. N-phosphinomethyl glycine (glyphosate).
V zmesi medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent so lahko semena materne komponente pomešana s semeni očetovske komponente v razmerju do okoli 1:1. Strokovnjaku s področja so uporabna in izvedljiva razmerja znana.In a mixture of mutually mixed seeds of both parental components, the seeds of the maternal component may be mixed with the seeds of the paternal component in a ratio of about 1: 1. Useful and feasible relationships are known to those skilled in the art.
Priporočena uporaba pri pridelavi hibridnega semena navadne pšenice je okoli 90 % semena materne komponente (linija AA) in okoli 10 % semen očetovske komponente (linija BB) glede na celotno maso zmesi semen.The recommended use in the production of hybrid wheat of common wheat is about 90% of the seed of the maternal component (line AA) and about 10% of the seeds of the paternal component (line BB) relative to the total weight of the seed mixture.
Pri pridelavi hibridnega ječmena z uporabo citoplazemsko-genetske moške sterilnosti se običajno uporablja 95 % linije AA in 5 % linije BB.When cultivating hybrid barley using cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility, 95% of the AA line and 5% of the BB line are usually used.
Predloženi izum torej po enem vidiku oz. izvedbi temelji na interakciji med determinanto, ki določa odpornost na neselektiven herbicid (se pravi, ima bodisi naravno odpornost na neselektiven herbicid ali pa ima z genetskim inženiringom uveden gen), npr. na N-fosfinometil glicin, in sredstvom za kemično hibridizacijo na osnovi lahkotopnih oz. vodotopnih derivatov oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo I in/ali njihovih kmetijsko sprejemljivih vodotopnih soli, ki so nadaljnji vidik izuma.Accordingly, the present invention is in one aspect or aspect. implementation is based on the interaction between a determinant that determines resistance to a non-selective herbicide (that is, has either a natural resistance to a non-selective herbicide or has a gene introduced by genetic engineering), e.g. on N-phosphinomethyl glycine, and light-solubilized or chemical-based hybridization agents, respectively. water-soluble oxanylic acid derivatives of general formula I and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts, which are a further aspect of the invention.
Namen izuma je bil torej tudi pripraviti sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo na osnovi lahkotopnih derivatov oksanilne kisline, ki bi bila enostavna za sintezo in uporabo na polju. To smo dosegli z razvojem lahkotopnih spojin s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihovih kmetijsko sprejemljivih vodotopnih soli. S spremembo strukture učinkovine v smislu njene povečane vodotopnosti se izognemo uporabi hlapnih organskih topil in nepotrebnemu obremenjevanju rastlin in okolja s hlapnimi organskimi snovmi pri • · · · njihovi aplikaciji. Hkrati je sinteza spojin v smislu izuma enostavna in cenovno ugodna. Zaradi lahkotopnosti oz. vodotopnosti spojin s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihovih soli, lahko pripravimo vodotopne pripravke z dobro aplikabilnostjo in ki omogočajo dobro homogenost njihovega nanosa na rastline. Za povečanje absorpcije učinkovine iz vodne raztopine v rastlino lahko uporabimo dodatek površinsko aktivnega sredstva (surfaktanta).The purpose of the invention was therefore also to prepare chemical hybridization agents based on light-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives which would be easy to synthesize and use in the field. This was achieved by the development of light-soluble compounds of general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts. By altering the structure of the active substance in terms of its increased water solubility, the use of volatile organic solvents and the unnecessary burden of plants and the environment with volatile organic substances are avoided in their application. At the same time, the synthesis of the compounds of the invention is easy and affordable. Due to its ease of solubility water-solubility of compounds of the general formula (I) and / or their salts, water-soluble preparations with good applicability and which allow good homogeneity of their application to plants can be prepared. To increase the absorption of the active substance from an aqueous solution into the plant, the addition of a surfactant (surfactant) can be used.
Lahkotopni oz. vodotopni derivati oksanilne kisline po tem izumu imajo splošno formulo (I):Easily soluble or. the water-soluble oxanylic acid derivatives of the present invention have the general formula (I):
kjerwhere
X predstavlja atom halogena, kot so fluor, klor, brom ali jod, ali -CN skupino ali vodik ali alkilno ali fluoroalkilno skupino, prednostno atom broma ali joda ali -CN skupino, zlasti prednostno atom broma ali -CN skupino;X represents a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, or -CN group or hydrogen or an alkyl or fluoroalkyl group, preferably a bromine or iodine atom or -CN group, especially preferably a bromine atom or -CN group;
Y predstavlja skupino, izbrano iz skupine, ki obsega -OH in/ali -OM, pri čemer M predstavlja kation, primeren za tvorbo kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli, kot je kation alkalijske kovine, npr. Na ali K, ali tetraalkilamonijev ion, prednostno Na+.Y represents a group selected from the group consisting of -OH and / or -OM, wherein M represents a cation suitable for the formation of an agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salt such as an alkali metal cation, e.g. Na or K, or tetraalkylammonium ion, preferably Na + .
Z namenom pripraviti lahkotopne oz. vodotopne spojine s splošno formulo (I) in njihove soli ter preveriti njihovo fitotoksičnost za uporabo kot sredstvo za kemično hibridizacijo navadne pšenice, smo pripravili naslednje lahkotopne derivate oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo (I) in njihove vodotopne soli:In order to prepare light-soluble or. The following light-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives of general formula (I) and their water-soluble salts were prepared in water-soluble compounds of general formula (I) and their salts, and to check their phytotoxicity for use as a chemical for the hybridization of common wheat:
X (I) kjer pomenijo:X (I) where:
Rezultati testiranj teh spojin so predstavljeni v podanih primerih.Test results of these compounds are presented in the examples given.
Kot še posebno primerna spojina za uporabo v smislu izuma se je izkazala spojina s splošno formulo (I), kjer X predstavlja Br in Y predstavlja -OH skupino, t.j. 4-bromooksanilna kislina.A compound of the general formula (I) wherein X represents Br and Y represents an -OH group, i.e. 4-Bromooxanilic acid.
Lahkotopni oz. vodotopni derivati oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo I in/ali njihove vodotopne agrokemijsko sprejemljive soli se lahko aplicirajo samo na rastline materne komponente, v primeru, da so bila semena materne komponente posejana ločeno od očetovske komponente, npr. kot en ali več pasov semen/rastlin materne komponente ločen/e od enega ali več pasov semen/rastlin očetovske komponente, ali pa na rastline, zrastle iz posevka zmesi medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent.Easily soluble or. water-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives of general formula I and / or their water-soluble agrochemically acceptable salts may only be applied to plants of the maternal component, provided that the seeds of the maternal component have been sown separately from the parent component, e.g. as one or more bands of the seed / plant of the parent component, separated from one or more bands of the seed / plant of the parent component, or to plants grown from the crop of a mixture of mutually mixed seeds of both parental components.
Postopek v smislu izuma se nanaša tudi na postopek pridelave hibridnih semen Fi generacije gospodarsko pomembnih hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrst, zlasti navadne pšenice, s kemično hibridizacijo, pri katerem semena materne komponente sejemo v pasovih, kot je to znano v stroki. V tem primeru fazi postopka induciranja moške sterilnosti v materni komponenti (linija AA) ne sledi odstranitev očetovske komponente (linije BB) iz semenskega posevka.The process of the invention also relates to a method of producing hybrid seeds of Fi generation of economically important hermaphroditic plant species, especially common wheat, by chemical hybridization, in which the seeds of the mother component are sown in belts, as is known in the art. In this case, the stage of the process of inducing male sterility in the maternal component (line AA) is not followed by the removal of the paternal component (line BB) from the seed crop.
Spojine s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihove kmetijsko sprejemljive vodotopne soli inducirajo moško sterilnost pri hermafroditnih rastlinskih vrstah predvsem iz družine trav, zlasti navadni pšenici, od konca njihove premejotične faze naprej in/ali v njihovi mejotični fazi pri porabi od 0,1 kg/ha do 10 kg/ha in v koncentraciji od 0,01 % doCompounds of general formula (I) and / or their agriculturally acceptable water-soluble salts induce male sterility in hermaphrodite plant species mainly from the grass family, especially common wheat, from the end of their pre-meiotic phase onwards and / or in their meiotic phase at a consumption of 0.1 kg / ha to 10 kg / ha and at a concentration of 0,01% to
1,5 %.1.5%.
Priporočena poraba aktivne snovi za navadno pšenico je od 1,4 kg/hektar do 3,5 kg/ hektar oz. do pojava toksične koncentracije. Pri tem je potrebno upoštevati, da poraba vode na hektar naj ne presega vrednosti 700 1 na hektar.The recommended consumption of the active substance for common wheat is from 1.4 kg / hectare to 3.5 kg / hectare, respectively. until toxic concentrations occur. It should be borne in mind that the water consumption per hectare should not exceed 700 1 per hectare.
Spojine s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihove vodotopne kmetijsko sprejemljive soli lahko pripravimo v obliki različnih vodotopnih pripravkov, npr. vodotopnih praškov, vodotopnih granul, vodotopnih kristalov ali vodotopnih koncentratov, prednostno v obliki vodotopnih praškov ali vodotopnih granul.The compounds of general formula (I) and / or their water-soluble agriculturally acceptable salts can be prepared in the form of various water-soluble preparations, e.g. water-soluble powders, water-soluble granules, water-soluble crystals or water-soluble concentrates, preferably in the form of water-soluble powders or water-soluble granules.
Pripravek je lahko tudi v obliki suspenzijskega koncentrata, npr. v primeru manjše porabe vode pri pripravi pripravkov in s tem večji koncentraciji aktivne snovi.The formulation may also be in the form of a suspension concentrate, e.g. in case of lower water consumption in the preparation of the preparations and thus a higher concentration of the active substance.
Vodotopni pripravki lahko obsegajo kot aktivno sestavino eno ali več spojin s formulo (I) in/ali njihovih vodotopnih kmetijsko sprejemljivih soli. V prednostni izvedbi pripravki obsegajo kot aktivno sestavino eno ali več spojin izbranih iz skupine, v kateri so: 4-bromooksanilna kislina, 4-cianooksanilna kislina, tetrametilamonijeva solWater-soluble preparations may comprise as active ingredient one or more compounds of formula (I) and / or their water-soluble agriculturally acceptable salts. In a preferred embodiment, the compositions comprise as an active ingredient one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 4-bromooxanilic acid, 4-cyanooxanilic acid, tetramethylammonium salt
4-bromooksanilne kisline, tetrametilamonijeva sol 4-cianooksanilne kisline in tetrametilamonijeva sol 4-fluorooksanilne kisline in, po izbiri, nadaljnje v stroki znane dodatke, kot so površinsko aktivne snovi, npr. neionski sufraktanti, in/ali protipenilci.4-Bromooxanilic acid, tetramethylammonium salt of 4-cyanooxanilic acid and tetramethylammonium salt of 4-fluorooxanilic acid and, optionally, further known additives such as surfactants, e.g. non-ionic surfactants, and / or antifoams.
Aplikacija lahkotopnih spojin s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihovih vodotopnih soli lahko zahteva dodatek površinsko aktivne snovi (neionski surfaktant), ki omogoča boljšo absorpcijo aktivne snovi skozi listni epidermis in dodatek protipenilca na silikonski osnovi. Ta je lahko sestavni del pripravka ali pa jo dodamo pri pripravi vodne raztopine za aplikacijo.The administration of light-soluble compounds of general formula (I) and / or their water-soluble salts may require the addition of a surfactant (non-ionic surfactant), which allows a better absorption of the active substance through the leaf epidermis and the addition of a silicone-based antifoam. This may be an integral part of the preparation or may be added to the preparation of an aqueous solution for application.
Primerne površinsko aktivne snovi so znane v stroki, primer je pripravek Spartan® (proizvajalec Interagro (UK) Ltd) ali Genapol® UD 50 (proizvajalec Clariant).Suitable surfactants are known in the art, for example, the preparation Spartan® (manufactured by Interagro (UK) Ltd) or Genapol® UD 50 (manufactured by Clariant).
Primerni protipenilci na silikonski osnovi so znani strokovnjaku s področja, na primer, uporabimo lahko pripravek Abate (proizvajalec Interagro (UK) Ltd).Suitable silicone-based antifoams are known to those skilled in the art, for example, Abate preparation (Interagro (UK) Ltd) can be used.
Primerni pogoji za aplikacijo pripravkov na osnovi aktivnih snovi v smislu izuma so pri temperaturah nad 5 °C, prednostno pri temperaturah nad 10 °C in relativni vlažnosti nad 30 %, prednostno nad 50 %. Ustrezni in optimalni pogoji so strokovnjaku s področja znani.Suitable conditions for the administration of the active ingredient compositions of the invention are at temperatures above 5 ° C, preferably at temperatures above 10 ° C and relative humidity above 30%, preferably above 50%. The appropriate and optimal conditions are known to those skilled in the art.
Postopek v smislu izuma torej v izvedbi s sejanjem zmesi medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent (linija AA + linija BB) omogoča enostavnejšo zasnovo semenskega posevka, saj ni potrebno sejanje v pasovih, boljšo izrabo prostora, manjšo izgubo časa za izvedbo posevka, boljšo oprašitev in več semen želene Fj generacije glede na posejano količino zmesi medsebojno pomešanih semen obeh starševskih komponent. Enostavnejša je tudi obdelava rastlin materne komponente s sredstvom za kemično hibridizacijo, ki pri posevku v pasovih zahteva pazljivost pri aplikaciji sredstva. V primerjavi s setvijo v pasovih, dobimo več semen želene F! generacije, saj ni pasov t.im. očetovske komponente (opraševalca), katere semena se lahko, v smislu pridelave hibridnih semen Fj generacije, smatrajo kot stranski produkt.The process of the invention, therefore, in the embodiment by sowing mixtures of mixed seeds of both parental components (line AA + line BB) allows for a simpler seedbed design, as no sowing is required, better space utilization, less time to crop, better pollination, and more seeds of the desired Fj generation with respect to the sowed amount of a mixture of the mutually mixed seeds of both parental components. It is also simpler to treat the plants of the mother component with a chemical hybridization agent, which requires careful application of the agent when sowing in the belts. Compared to sowing in bands, we get more seeds of the desired F! generation, since there are no bands i.e. paternal (pollinator) components, the seeds of which, in terms of the production of Fj generation hybrid seeds, can be considered a by-product.
V nadaljevanju podani primeri so podani za namen ponazoritve predloženega izuma. Ti primeri na noben način ne omejujejo obsega tega izuma.The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention. These examples do not in any way limit the scope of the present invention.
V kolikor ni navedeno drugače, se vsi odstotki, podani v patentni prijavi, nanašajo na masne odstotke.Unless otherwise stated, all percentages given in the patent application relate to weight percentages.
PrimeriExamples
Primer 1: Sinteza 4-bromooksanilne kisline (CHA4) in priprava vodne raztopine za aplikacijoExample 1: Synthesis of 4-Bromooxanilic Acid (CHA4) and Preparation of Aqueous Solution for Application
V litrsko okroglo bučo smo zatehtali 4-bromoanilin (67,73 g; 0,394 mol) in dietil oksalat (287,7 g; 1,969 mol) in mešali 24 ur pri 110°C. Po končani reakciji smo odvečen dietil oksalat delno odstranili pri znižanem tlaku (60 mmHg). Pri tem je izpadel produkt kot trdna spojina, ki smo jo odnučali in sprali na nuči s heksanom. Dobili smo čist etil 4-bromooksanilat kot bel prah (99,6 g, 93 mol%; 'tl NMR d(ppm) 1,31 (t, 3H), 4,30 (q, 2H), 7,56 (d, 2H), 7,73 (d, 2H), 10,91 (s, IH)).4-Bromoaniline (67.73 g; 0.394 mol) and diethyl oxalate (287.7 g; 1.969 mol) were weighed into a 1 liter round flask and stirred at 110 ° C for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the excess diethyl oxalate was partially removed under reduced pressure (60 mmHg). In this case, the product was eliminated as a solid compound which was stripped off and washed with a hexane urine. Pure ethyl 4-bromooxanilate was obtained as a white powder (99.6 g, 93 mol%; < 1 > NMR d (ppm) 1.31 (t, 3H), 4.30 (q, 2H), 7.56 (d , 2H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 10.91 (s, 1H).
Produkt smo omočili s 35 mL acetonitrila, dodali 100 mL vode ter pri temperaturi 0°C počasi dodajali 10% vodno raztopino NaOH (500mL v eni uri) ter mešali pri 20°C nadaljnjih 5 ur. Reakcijsko zmes smo nevtralizirali s hladno 10% vodno raztopino HCI ter trden produkt odnučirali, sprali na nuči z vodo in produkt posušili. Dobili smo 87,6 g (98 mol%) produkta, derivata oksanilne kisline (I, X= Br, Y= -OH), 4bromooksanilne kisline (I). 'H NMR δ(ρριη) 7,53 (d, 2H), 7,75 (d, 2H), 10,84 (s, IH))The product was moistened with 35 mL of acetonitrile, 100 mL of water was added, and a 10% aqueous solution of NaOH (500mL in one hour) was slowly added at 0 ° C and stirred at 20 ° C for a further 5 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with a cold 10% aqueous HCl solution and the solid product was filtered off, washed with water and the product dried. 87.6 g (98 mol%) of the product, oxanilic acid derivative (I, X = Br, Y = -OH), 4bromooxanilic acid (I) were obtained. 1 H NMR δ (ρριη) 7.53 (d, 2H), 7.75 (d, 2H), 10.84 (s, 1H))
Vodno raztopino za škropljenje smo pripravili tako, da smo 3 g produkta (I) (4bromooksanilne kisline) zmešali z 12 g Spartana (Interagro (UK) Ltd) (sredstva za omočenje listne površine). Tako pripravljeno zmes smo raztopili v odgovarjajoči količini vode, glede na koncentracijo in površino aplikacije (npr. v 3 litrih vode) in direktno aplicirali na rastline na polju in njihov lokusAqueous spraying solution was prepared by mixing 3 g of product (I) (4bromooxanilic acid) with 12 g of Spartan (Interagro (UK) Ltd) (leaf surface wetting agents). The mixture thus prepared was dissolved in the appropriate amount of water, depending on the concentration and surface area of the application (eg in 3 liters of water) and applied directly to the plants in the field and their locus
Primer 2: Primer priprave vodotopnih pripravkov - priprava tetrametilamonijeve soli 4-bromooksanilne kisline s splošno formulo I.Example 2: Preparation Example of Water-Soluble Preparations - Preparation of 4-Bromoxy-acyl acid tetramethylammonium salt of general formula I.
Za pripravo 3g tetrametilamonijeve soli 4-bromooksanilne kisline smo zmešali 4bromooksanilno kislino (2,308g), pripravljeno po postopku primera 1, in tetrametilamonijev hidroksid pentahidrat (l,713g) v 200 mL vode ter razredčili na odgovarjajoč volumen vodne raztopine, glede na koncentracijo in površino aplikacije (npr. v 3 litrih vode) in direktno aplicirali na rastline na polju in njihov lokus.To prepare 3g tetramethylammonium salt of 4-bromooxanilic acid, 4bromooxanilic acid (2.308g) prepared according to the procedure of Example 1 was mixed and tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate (1.717g) in 200 mL of water and diluted to the appropriate volume of aqueous solution and surface area and concentration. applications (eg in 3 liters of water) and applied directly to the field plants and their locus.
Iz pripravljenih spojin, opisanih predhodno, smo pripravili naslednje pripravke za aplikacijo s škropljenjem:From the prepared compounds described previously, the following preparations were prepared for spray application:
Pripravke smo uporabili oz. nanesli kot je navedeno v primeru 3.The preparations were used or used. apply as indicated in Example 3.
Primer 3: Učinkovitost derivatov oksanilne kisline po izumu v primerjavi s standardnim sredstvom za kemično hibridizacijo - CROISOR® 100Example 3: Performance of Oxanilic Acid Derivatives of the Invention in Comparison with Standard Chemical Hybridization Agent - CROISOR® 100
Učinkovitost derivatov oksanilne kisline s splošno formulo (I) in/ali njihovih soli v smislu doseganja visokega odstotka moške sterilnosti pri navadni pšenici (lat. Triticum aestivum L.) in njihov vpliv na višino rastline sta bila preverjena v poljskih razmerah v primerjavi s standardnim sredstvom za kemično hibridizacijo CROISOR® 100 (aktivna snov Sintofen, dobavitelj Saaten-Union Recherche S. A. R. L.). Faktorji poskusa so bili: Lokacija (L) (osrednja regija, severovzhodna regija Slovenije), aktivna snov (AS): etil 4-bromooksanilat (CHA1), etil 4-cianooksanilat (CHA2), etilThe efficacy of oxanilic acid derivatives of general formula (I) and / or their salts in terms of achieving a high percentage of male sterility in common wheat (Lat. Triticum aestivum L.) and their effect on plant height were verified in field conditions compared to standard means for the chemical hybridization of CROISOR® 100 (Sintofen active substance, supplier of Saaten-Union Recherche SARL). The experiment factors were: Location (L) (central region, northeastern region of Slovenia), active substance (AS): ethyl 4-bromooxanilate (CHA1), ethyl 4-cyanooxanilate (CHA2), ethyl
4-fluorooksanilat (CHA3), 4-bromooksanilna kislina (CHA4), 4-cianooksanilna kislina (CHA5), 4-fluorooksanilna kislina (CHA6), tetrametilamonijeva sol 4bromooksanilne kisline (CHA7), tetrametilamonijeva sol 4-cianooksanilne kisline (CHA8), tetrametilamonijeva sol 4-fluorooksanilne kisline (CHA9) in kot kontrola sintofen (CROISOR® 100) (CHA10), odmerek (D) Dl - 700 g/ha, D2 - 1400 g/ha, D3 -2100 g/ha, D4 - 2800 g/ha, D5 - 3500 g/ha in kontrola - 0 g/ha) in fenofaza (FP), ki je bila določena na osnovi dolžine klasa (FP1 - 5 mm, FP2 - 10 mm, FP3 - 15 mm). Na obeh lokacijah je bila setev opravljena v prvi dekadi oktobra (genotip cv. Guami Florimond Desprez), gostota setve je znašala 450 zm/m2, medvrstna razdalja je bila4-fluorooxanilate (CHA3), 4-bromooxanilic acid (CHA4), 4-cyanooxanilic acid (CHA5), 4-fluorooxanilic acid (CHA6), tetramethylammonium salt of 4bromooxanilic acid (CHA7), tetramethylammonium salt of 8-cyanilane (ethyl) 8-cyanic acid (CHA5) 4-fluorooxanilic acid salt (CHA9) and as control synthophen (CROISOR® 100) (CHA10), dose (D) Dl - 700 g / ha, D2 - 1400 g / ha, D3 - 2100 g / ha, D4 - 2800 g / ha, D5 - 3500 g / ha and control - 0 g / ha) and phenophase (FP) determined on the basis of class length (FP1 - 5 mm, FP2 - 10 mm, FP3 - 15 mm). In both locations, sowing was carried out in the first decade of October (Guami Florimond Desprez genotype), sowing density was 450 cm / m 2 , row spacing was
12,5 cm. Poskus je bil zasnovan v obliki enajstih pasov dolgih trideset metrov in širokih en meter. Prvi pas je bil namenjen kontroli, ostalih deset pasov pa je predstavljalo petnajst obravnavanj. Med vegetacijo je bil posevek oskrbljen z dušikom v obliki 27 % kalcij amonijevega nitrata (EC 13/25, 70 - 90 kg N/ ha; EC 31/32, 50 70 kg N/ha; EC 47/49, 70 - 90 kg N/ha), varstvo rastlin je bilo opravljeno s sulfonilsečninskim herbicidom (EC 13/37), fungicidi na osnovi strobilurina in triazola (EC 29/37 - strobilurin; EC 51/69 - triazol) in insekticidom na osnovi deltametrina. Derivati oksanilne kisline in standardno sredstvo za kemično hibridizacijo so bili aplicirani v 0,1 % koncentraciji. Aplikacija je bila izvedena v dopoldanskem času, ko je relativna zračna vlaga znašala vsaj 50 %, temperatura zraka pa je presegala 10 °C. Uporabljene so bile šobe Lechler 110 - 04, ki so bile pozicionirane 30 cm nad rastlinskim habitusom.12,5 cm. The experiment was designed in the form of eleven lanes thirty meters long and one meter wide. The first lane was for control and the other ten lane represented fifteen treatments. During vegetation, the crop was supplied with nitrogen in the form of 27% calcium ammonium nitrate (EC 13/25, 70 - 90 kg N / ha; EC 31/32, 50 70 kg N / ha; EC 47/49, 70 - 90 kg N / ha), plant protection was performed with a sulfonylurea herbicide (EC 13/37), strobilurin and triazole based fungicides (EC 29/37 - strobilurin; EC 51/69 - triazole) and deltamethrin based insecticide. Oxanilic acid derivatives and standard chemical hybridization agent were administered at 0.1% concentration. The application was carried out in the morning, when the relative humidity was at least 50% and the air temperature exceeded 10 ° C. Lechler 110 - 04 nozzles were positioned 30 cm above the plant habitus.
Izračun moške sterilnosti je potekal po formuli (Sc - Sf) / Sc x 100, pri čemer je Sc število semen na klas netretirane rastline, Sf pa število semen na klas tretirane rastline. Poleg določanja moške sterilnosti je bila določena še fitotoksičnost, katere pokazatelj je bila višina rastline. Statistično značilne razlike in interakcije so bile določene s statističnim paketom STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVLMale sterility was calculated using the formula (Sc - Sf) / Sc x 100, with Sc being the number of seeds per class of untreated plants and Sf being the number of seeds per class of treated plants. In addition to the determination of male sterility, phytotoxicity was also determined, the indicator of which was the height of the plant. Statistically significant differences and interactions were determined using the STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVL statistical package
Rezultati so pokazali, da med testiranimi derivati spojina CHA4 - t.j.The results showed that among the derivatives tested, the compound CHA4 - i.e.
4-bromooksanilna kislina - inducira naj višji odstotek moške sterilnosti. Rezultati so prikazani v Tabeli 1. Se posebej pomembno je, da navedeni derivat dosega višjo selektivnost in nižjo toksičnost v primerjavi s standardnim sredstvom za kemično hibridizacijo. To pomeni, da učinkovitost derivata CHA4 narašča z daljšanjem klasa in da se višina rastline počasneje znižuje, kar je prikazano na slikah 1 in 2.4-Bromooxanilic acid - should induce a higher percentage of male sterility. The results are shown in Table 1. It is particularly important that said derivative achieves higher selectivity and lower toxicity compared to a standard chemical hybridization agent. This means that the efficiency of the CHA4 derivative increases with the extension of the clade and that the plant height decreases more slowly, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Sliki prikazujeta interakcijo AS x FP x D. Slika 1 prikazuje selektivnost delovanja standardnega sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo in slika 2 prikazuje selektivnost delovanja 4-bromooksanilne kisline.The figures show the interaction of AS x FP x D. Figure 1 shows the selectivity of the action of a standard chemical hybridization agent and Figure 2 shows the selectivity of the action of 4-bromooxylic acid.
Tabela 1: Statistično značilne razlike in interakcijeTable 1: Statistically significant differences and interactions
interakcijeinteractions
Srednje vrednosti dejavnikov [cm, %]Mean factors [cm,%]
• · ·• · ·
ns Ni statistično značilnih razlik pri P > 0,05 * Statistična značilnost definirana pri P < 0,05 in **P < 0,01 ± Standardna napaka ns No statistically significant differences at P> 0.05 * Statistical significance defined at P <0.05 and ** P <0.01 ± Standard error
Primer 4: Vpliv genotipa na učinkovitost 4-bromooksanilne kisline (CHA4) in standardnega sredstva za kemično hibridizacijoExample 4: Effect of the genotype on the efficacy of 4-bromo-oxanilic acid (CHA4) and standard chemical hybridization agent
Vpliv genotipa na kemično indukcijo moške sterilnosti je bil določen za derivat oksanilne kisline, kije v sezoni 2009/10 na obeh lokacijah dosegel statistično značilno najvišji odstotek moške sterilnosti (spojina CHA4, 4-bromooksanilna kislina) in standardno sredstvo za kemično hibridizacijo (CHA) - Sintofen. V ta namen je bil v osrednji regiji v sezoni 2010/11, zastavljen poljski poskus s šestimi različnimi genotipi: cv. Ficko, Guami, Sana, Inoui, Marija, Bologna, pri čemer je bil vsak genotip (inbred linija) posejan v obliki petih zaporednih parcelic z osmimi vrsticami dolžine 7,5 m (medvrstna razdalja 12,5 cm). Pri vsakem kultivarju je bila peta parcelica namenjena kontroli. Aplikacija obeh aktivnih snovi (sintofen in spojina CHA4) je potekala pri priporočenem odmerku in priporočenih pogojih za standardno sredstvo za kemično hibridizacijo (1400 g/ha) v obliki 0,1 % suspenzije. Poleg genotipa in aktivne snovi je bil preučen tudi vpliv fenofaze na indukcijo moške sterilnosti in višino rastline. Prvi termin aplikacije je bil, ko je dolžina klasa na glavnem poganjku znašala 5-10 mm, naslednji termin pa ko je navedena dolžina znašala 15-20 mm. Agrotehnični ukrepi, tehnika aplikacija aktivne snovi, metoda določanje odstotka moške sterilnosti in višine rastline se niso razlikovali od poljskega poskusa za testiranje učinkovitosti lahkotopnih derivatov oksanilne kisline v smislu izuma v primerjavi s standardnim sredstvom za kemično hibridizacijo. Rezultati poskusa so zbrani v Tabeli 2.The influence of the genotype on the chemical induction of male sterility was determined for the oxanilic acid derivative, which reached a statistically significant maximum percentage of male sterility (CHA4 compound, 4-bromooxanilic acid) and standard chemical hybridization agent (CHA) in both locations in 2009/10. Syntofen. To this end, a field experiment with six different genotypes was set up in the central region in the 2010/11 season: cv. Ficko, Guami, Sana, Inoui, Maria, Bologna, each genotype (inbred line) was sown in the form of five consecutive plots with eight rows of 7.5 m (row spacing 12.5 cm). For each cultivar, a fifth plot was earmarked for control. Both active substances (synthophen and CHA4) were administered at the recommended dose and the recommended conditions for a standard chemical hybridization agent (1400 g / ha) in the form of 0.1% suspension. In addition to the genotype and the active substance, the effect of phenophase on the induction of male sterility and plant height was also examined. The first date of application was when the length of the class on the main shoot was 5-10 mm, and the next term was when the stated length was 15-20 mm. Agrotechnical measures, technique of application of the active substance, method of determining the percentage of male sterility and plant height did not differ from the field experiment to test the effectiveness of the light-soluble oxanilic acid derivatives of the invention in comparison with the standard chemical hybridization agent. The results of the experiment are summarized in Table 2.
Tabela 2: Vpliv genotipa na učinkovitost 4-bromooksanilne kisline (CHA4) in standardnega sredstva za kemično hibridizacijoTable 2: Influence of genotype on the efficacy of 4-bromooxanilic acid (CHA4) and standard chemical hybridization agent
MS - Moška sterilnost izražena v odstotkih, V - višina rastline izražena v centimetrihMS - Male sterility expressed as a percentage, V - Plant height expressed in centimeters
Primer 5: Vpliv 4-bromooksanilne kisline (CHA4) in standardnega sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo na sinhronizacijo cvetenjaExample 5: Effect of 4-Bromooxanilic Acid (CHA4) and Standard Chemical Hybridization Agent on Flowering Synchronization
V poljskem poskusu za določanje vpliva genotipa na učinkovitost derivata CHA4 in standardnega sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo je bil določen tudi potreben profil opraševalca za pridelavo hibridnega semena navadne ozimne pšenice z uporabo derivatov oksanilne kisline. V sezoni 2009/10 je bilo na osnovi datuma klasitve izmed 60 genotipov izbranih šest maternih komponent (cv. Ficko, Guami, Sana, Inoui, Marija, Bologna) in en opraševalec (cv. Ludwig). Pasovi maternih komponent ($ AA) in opraševalca (<$ BB) so bili posejani alternirajoče, tako daje pet zaporednih parcelic vsake materne komponente (8 x 12,5 cm x 750 cm) bilo z vsake strani obdanih s petimi zaporednimi parcelicami opraševalca. Sinhronizacija cvetenja je bila določena z deležem klasov materne komponente, ki so kulminirali (krovna pleva in predpleva razprti pod kotom večjim od 30 stopinj) v času, ko je cvetela vsaj polovica klasov opraševalca. V primeru, da v času, ko cveti vsaj polovica klasov linije BB (prašnice so vidne) ne kulminira vsaj 50 % klasov linije AA, ne moremo govoriti o uspešni sinhronizaciji cvetenja obeh starševskih komponent potencialne hibridne sorte. Rezultati poskusa so zbrani v Tabeli 3.In a field experiment to determine the effect of genotype on the performance of a CHA4 derivative and a standard chemical hybridization agent, the required pollinator profile for the production of hybrid winter wheat seed using oxanilic acid derivatives was also determined. In the 2009/10 season, six maternal components (Ficko, Guami, Sana, Inoui, Maria, Bologna) and one pollinator (Ludwig) were selected from the 60 genotypes based on the classification date. The belts of the maternal components ($ AA) and the pollinator (<$ BB) were sown alternately, so that five consecutive plots of each maternal component (8 x 12.5 cm x 750 cm) were surrounded on each side by five consecutive pollinator plots. Flowering synchronization was determined by the proportion of maternal component classes that culminated (umbilical chaff and pre-chaff spread at an angle greater than 30 degrees) at a time when at least half of the pollinator classes flourished. In the event that at least half of the BB line classes (ferns are visible) do not culminate in at least 50% of the AA line blooms, we cannot speak of successful synchronization of the flowering of the two parental components of the potential hybrid variety. The results of the experiment are summarized in Table 3.
Tabela 3: Vpliv 4-bromooksanilne kisline (CHA4) in standardnega sredstva za kemično hibridizacijo na sinhronizacijo cvetenjaTable 3: Effect of 4-bromooxanilic acid (CHA4) and standard chemical hybridization agent on flowering synchronization
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| SI201200130A SI24033A (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-04-24 | Chemical hybridization of hermafrodite plant varieties by easily soluble oxanilic acid derivatives |
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