SI22731A - Hydraulic system for setting the weight transmission of trailer machines to the tractor - Google Patents

Hydraulic system for setting the weight transmission of trailer machines to the tractor Download PDF

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SI22731A
SI22731A SI200800081A SI200800081A SI22731A SI 22731 A SI22731 A SI 22731A SI 200800081 A SI200800081 A SI 200800081A SI 200800081 A SI200800081 A SI 200800081A SI 22731 A SI22731 A SI 22731A
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Slovenia
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hydraulic
manifold
machine
pressure
tractor
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SI200800081A
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Slovenian (sl)
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Tone Godeša
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Tone Godeša
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Abstract

The technical problem solved by the invention is the transfer of a part of the weight of the attached trailer machine to the tractor during operation onto the ground or below the ground surface. The solution according to this invention enables the switching of the system for transferring weight on and off, the adjusting of the portion of the transferred weight of the trailer machine to the tractor and compensation of the oscillations during operation on an uneven ground surface. The solution is implemented in such a way that the pressure hose of the hydraulic cylinder (1) for elevating the lower handles of the hydraulic lift via the damper (5) and the manifold (3) is linked to the hydraulic accumulator (6). Prior the hydraulic accumulator (6) the piping features a pressure controller (4) and a pressure gauge (7). The return pipe of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is via the manifold (3) linked to the reservoir. When the system is switched on the limited oil pressure from the hydraulic accumulator (6) creates inside the hydraulic cylinder (1) for hoisting the attached system a force, which reduces the pressure of the machine against the ground and increases the load on the tractor by the same force.

Description

Predmet izuma se nanaša na področje konstrukcije in krmiljenja tritočkovnega priključnega sistema kmetijskega traktoga. Povsem konkretno pa sodi predmet izuma na področje hidravlične regulacije prednjega in zadnjega tritočkovnega priključnega sistema traktoga, z namenom kontrole prenosa teže priključnega stroja na traktor.The subject of the invention relates to the field of construction and control of a three-point attachment system of an agricultural tract. More specifically, the subject matter of the invention is in the field of hydraulic control of the front and rear three-point tractor system of the tractor, with the purpose of controlling the transfer of weight of the tractor machine to the tractor.

Tehnični problem, ki ga rešuje izum, je prenos dela teže in drugih vertikalnih sil, ki nastanejo med delom priključenega stroja na površini ali pod površino tal na traktor. Rešitev po tem izumu omogoča vključitev in izključitev sistema za prenos teže, nastavitev deleža prenesene teže priključenega stroja na traktor in blaženje nihanja priključenega stroja pri delu na neravni površini tal. Sama izvedba predstavljene rešitve pa ne posega v mehansko konstrukcijo standardiziranega tritočkovnega priključnega sistema.A technical problem solved by the invention is the transfer of part of the weight and other vertical forces generated during the part of the connected machine on the surface or below the ground to the tractor. The solution according to the present invention enables the weight transfer system to be switched on and off, the proportion of the transmitted weight of the connected machine to the tractor is adjusted, and the oscillation of the connected machine is mitigated when working on uneven ground surfaces. The implementation of the presented solution does not interfere with the mechanical construction of a standardized three-point connection system.

Po klasifikaciji patentov sodi izum v področje A01B63/11 .According to the classification of patents, the invention falls within the scope of A01B63 / 11.

Traktor kot osnovni pogonski stroj v kmetijstvu je uporaben šele takrat, ko nanj priključimo orodje ali stroj za izvajanje določenega tehnološkega postopka v kmetijski, predvsem poljedelski pridelavi. Traktor kot pogonski stroj nudi izvor vlečne, rotacijske, dvižne, hidrostatične, pnevmatske in električne moči na ustreznih priključkih. Stroje za izvajanje kmetijskih tehnologij priključimo na traktor preko mehanskih priključnih sistemov, ki omogočajo vleko in/ali nošenje leteh. Najbolj razširjen in najpogosteje uporabljen je standardiziran tritočkovni priključni sistem na zadnji in sprednji strani traktorja. Spodnji ročici tritočkovnega priklopa se dvigata in spuščata s pomočjo hidravličnega sistema in tako je omogočeno dviganje in spuščanje nošenih, pa tudi vlečenih strojev. Pri realizaciji vlečne sile traktoija pri delu s stroji, ki so v neposrednem dotiku s tlemi se pojavijo različni dejavniki, ki omejujejo največjo razpoložljivo vlečno silo. To so: adhezija in stična sila med pogonskimi kolesi in podlago ter kotalni upor. Po drugi strani pa je velikost potrebne vlečne sile pri strojih za obdelavo tal odvisna od globine delovanja, pri strojih, ki drsijo po tleh od drsnega trenja med strojem in tlemi in od kotalnega trenja podpornih koles pri strojih, ki se vozijo po tleh.A tractor as a basic propulsion machine in agriculture is only useful when a tool or machine is connected to it to carry out a certain technological process in agricultural, especially agricultural production. As a propulsion machine, the tractor provides a source of traction, rotation, lifting, hydrostatic, pneumatic and electrical power at the corresponding attachments. Machines for the implementation of agricultural technologies are connected to the tractor via mechanical coupling systems that allow towing and / or carrying the aircraft. The most widespread and most commonly used is a standardized three-point linkage system at the rear and front of the tractor. The lower arms of the three-point attachment are lifted and lowered by means of a hydraulic system, which enables lifting and lowering of towed as well as towed machines. Various factors occur in the operation of tractoi traction when working with machines in direct contact with the ground, limiting the maximum available tractive force. These are: adhesion and contact force between the drive wheels and the base and rolling resistance. On the other hand, the magnitude of the required tractive force on tillage machines depends on the depth of operation, on machines sliding on the floor from the sliding friction between the machine and the ground, and on the rolling friction of the supporting wheels on the machines running on the ground.

Za povečanje razpoložljive vlečne sile traktorja so znane rešitve kot so povečanje teže na pogonskih kolesih z dodajanjem uteži, povečanje moči motoija na enoto mase traktoija, uporaba štirikolesnega pogona in uporaba širokih ali dvojnih pnevmatik. Naštete rešitve povečajo stroške in čas za izvajanje kmetijskih tehnologij, po drugi strani pa tudi negativno vplivajo na ohranjanje rodnosti tal zaradi povečanega zbijanja pri delu, zaradi večje teže in dimenzij traktoija.Solutions to increase the tractor's available tractive power are known solutions such as increasing weight on the drive wheels by adding weights, increasing the power of the motoi per unit mass of tractoi, the use of four-wheel drive and the use of wide or twin tires. These solutions increase the cost and time to implement agricultural technologies and, on the other hand, have a negative impact on maintaining soil fertility due to increased compaction at work, due to the increased weight and dimensions of the tractoi.

Za nadziranje potrebne vlečne sile na strani priključnih strojev, ki delujejo pod nivojem tal, je pri večini traktoijev znan sistem za regulacijo upora in/ali lege stroja, na primer elektronski EHR sistem firme BOSCH ali mehanski sistem regulacije npr. Fergusonov po patentu GB805061. Sistem deluje preko tritočkovnega priključnega sistema tako, da ob povečani vlečni sili hidravlični sistem preko spodnjih ročic dvigne stroj za toliko, da se zmanjša vlečna sila na nastavljeno oz. želeno vrednost. S tem ko priključni sistem dvigne stroj, pa se del vertikalnih sil, torej mase stroja in vertikalnih komponent aktivnih sil, ki nastanejo pri delovanju stroja, prenese na kolesa traktoija. S tem se poveča stična sila med pogonskimi kolesi traktoija in tlemi, ter zaradi tega tudi razpoložljiva vlečna sila. Slabost pri dvigu stroja z namenom zmanjšanja vlečne sile pa je, daje globina delovanja manjša oz. neenakomerna.In order to control the required tractive force on the side of machines operating below ground level, most tractoi have a known system for regulating the resistance and / or position of the machine, for example the BOSCH electronic EHR system or the mechanical control system, e.g. Ferguson Patent GB805061. The system operates via a three-point coupling system so that, with increased tractive force, the hydraulic system lifts the machine through the lower arms so that the tractive force is reduced to the set or. the desired value. As the coupling system lifts the machine, part of the vertical forces, that is, the mass of the machine and the vertical components of the active forces generated by the machine's operation, are transferred to the wheels of the tractor. This increases the contact force between the drive wheels of the tractor and the ground and therefore the available tractive force. The disadvantage of lifting the machine in order to reduce the tractive force is that the depth of operation is smaller or smaller. uneven.

Podobna potreba po prenosu sile se pojavlja tudi pri strojih, ki delujejo na površini tal ali nad tlemi, še posebno tistimi, ki so priključeni na prednji tritočkovni priključni sistem in pri delu na nagnjenih površinah. S tem ko se del teže stroja, ki drsi po tleh npr. kosilnica prenese na kolesa traktorja, se zmanjša potrebna vlečna ali potisna sila zaradi zmanjšanega trenja med strojem in tlemi. Zmanjšajo se tudi poškodbe tal, ki nastanejo zaradi drsenja stroja. Obenem pa se poveča razpoložljiva vlečna sila pogonskih koles traktorja zaradi večje stične sile kolesa s podlago, kar je posledica prenesene teže stroja. V primeru uporabe sistema na prednjem priključnem sistemu pa prenesena teža stroja prispeva tudi k učinkovitejšemu oprijemu prednjih - krmilnih koles in zato bolj odzivni in vami vožnji v zavoj, pa tudi k večji stabilnosti oz. manjši nevarnosti prevrnitve pri delu na nagnjenih terenih.A similar need for force transfer occurs in machines operating on the ground or above ground, especially those connected to the front three-point coupling system and when working on sloping surfaces. By being part of the weight of a machine that slides on the floor e.g. The mower transfers to the tractor wheels, reducing the required traction or thrust due to reduced friction between the machine and the ground. Damage to the soil caused by machine sliding is also reduced. At the same time, the available traction force of the tractor's drive wheels increases due to the greater contact force of the wheel with the base, which is due to the weight transferred by the machine. In the case of using the system on the front coupling system, the transferred weight of the machine also contributes to a more effective grip of the front - steering wheels and therefore more responsive to you when cornering, as well as to greater stability or. less risk of tipping over when working on slopes.

V dokumentu W099/63800 je opisana mehanska izvedba razbremenitve vlečenega stroja z vzmetjo. Pri tej izvedbi je upogibna listnata vzmet na enem koncu vpeta na hidravlični dvižni sistem, drugi konec vzmeti pa je preko verige povezan z vlečnim drogom stroja Od višine dviga hidravličnega sistema je odvisna velikost sile, ki se prenese do vlečenega priključka na traktor. Taka izvedba je uporabna samo na vlečenih strojih ter zahteva dodatne mehanske elemente priklopa Pri izvedbi sistema za prenos teže stroja na traktor po patentu GB1438028A je potrebna dodatna mehanska konstrukcija, ki omogoča prenos sil. Regulacija velikosti prenesene sile pa je odvisna od trenutne vlečne sile. Patent GB1270713 podaja rešitev hidravličnega prenosa teže vlečenih priključkov, za kar je potrebna dodatna konstrukcija. Pomanjkljivost tega sistema je tudi ta, da sistem deluje le pri konstantni višini vlečnega priklopa. Patent EP1097622 opisuje rešitev prenosa teže s hidravličnim krmiljenjem cilindra za dvig spodnjih ročic priključnega sistema. Prednost tega sistema je ta, da je nastavljena velikost prenesene sile konstantna, ne glede na to, če pride do lekaže v hidravličnih komponentah in zaradi tega do popuščanja. Pomanjkljivosti predstavljenega sistema sta dve: uporabljena sta dva cilindra, eden za držanje priključnega sistema na konstantni višini in drugi za prenos teže in da sistem ne predvideva uporabe dvostransko delujočih cilindrov. Ker je v sistemu uporabljenih mnogo hidravličnih komponent, je komplicirano tudi krmiljenje le teh. Sam sistem, kot njegovo vzdrževanje je drago, in zato je v praksi manj uporaben. Enako velja za rešitev po patentu EP0610900, katere osnovni namen je zagotavljanje razbremenitve za snežni plug. Tudi ta izvedba ima večje število hidravličnih komponent, za krmiljenje le teh pa uporablja elektronsko krmilno enoto.Document W099 / 63800 describes the mechanical implementation of the load relief of a towed machine with a spring. In this embodiment, the bending leaf spring is connected to the hydraulic lifting system at one end, and the other end of the spring is connected via a chain to the drawbar of the machine. The height of the hydraulic system depends on the height of the force transmitted to the towed link to the tractor. This version is only applicable to towed machines and requires additional mechanical coupling elements. When implementing the weight transfer system of the machine on the tractor according to patent GB1438028A, an additional mechanical construction is required to allow for the transfer of forces. However, the regulation of the magnitude of the transmitted force depends on the current tractive force. Patent GB1270713 provides a solution for hydraulic weight transfer of towed attachments, which requires additional construction. The disadvantage of this system is that the system only operates at a constant height of traction. EP1097622 discloses a weight transfer solution with a hydraulic cylinder control for raising the lower arms of the connection system. The advantage of this system is that the set size of the transmitted force is constant, regardless of the leakage in the hydraulic components and consequently the failure. The disadvantages of the presented system are two: two cylinders are used, one to hold the connection system at a constant height and the other to transfer weight, and the system does not envisage the use of bilaterally operated cylinders. Because many hydraulic components are used in the system, controlling them is complicated. The system itself, as its maintenance, is expensive and is therefore less useful in practice. The same is true of the patent application EP0610900, the primary purpose of which is to provide relief for the snow plow. This version also has a large number of hydraulic components and uses an electronic control unit to control them.

Predstavljene pomanjkljivosti krmiljenj priključnega sistema so rešene s tem izumom tako, daje med obstoječi krmilni razvodnik in hidravlični cilinder priključnega sistema vgrajen hidravlični akumulator, električno krmiljen 4/2 razvodnik, tlačni regulator ter dušilka s protipovratnim ventilom.The present disadvantages of controlling the connection system are solved by the present invention such that a hydraulic battery, an electrically controlled 4/2 manifold, a pressure regulator and a throttle with a non-return valve are installed between the existing control manifold and the hydraulic cylinder of the connection system.

Izum bo opisan na izvedbenem primeru za sprednji tritočkovni priključni sistem traktorja. Enako se izum lahko uporabi na zadnjem tritočkovnem priključnem sistemu traktorja. Opis se nanaša na skico, ki prikazuje funkcijsko povezavo hidravličnih komponent in sicer:The invention will be described by way of example for a front three-point tractor attachment system. Similarly, the invention may be applied to the rear three-point tractor coupling system. The description refers to a sketch showing the functional connection of the hydraulic components, namely:

- Cilinder prednjega ali zadnjega tritočkovnega priključnega sistema z dvostranskim delovanjem (večina traktogev ima dva, ki pa sta vzporedno povezana).- Cylinder of front or rear three-point double-acting coupling system (most tractors have two, but are connected in parallel).

- Razvodnik za krmiljenje dviganja in delovanja priključnega sistema, kije vgrajen na traktogu. Krmilni položaji: D - dviganje, M - mirovanje na želeni višini, SP - spuščanje s plavajočo lego, N - nasprotno delovanje, pritisk navzdol.- Manifold for controlling the lifting and operation of the attachment system mounted on the tractor. Steering positions: D - lifting, M - resting at desired height, SP - floating position lowering, N - opposite action, downward pressure.

- Enostransko električno krmiljen normalno zaprt 4/2 razvodni ventil s povratno vzmetjo za vklop in izklop sistema za prenos teže- One way electrically controlled normally closed 4/2 valve with spring return for switching on and off the weight transfer system

- Nastavljiv tlačni regulator- Adjustable pressure regulator

- Nastavljiva dušilka s protipovratnim ventilom - enosmerni dušilni element- Adjustable throttle with non-return valve - one way throttle element

- Hidravlični akumulator- Hydraulic battery

- Manometer- Pressure gauge

Navadno ima tritočkovni priključni sistem enostavno krmiljenje, ki omogoča dvig, zadrževanje v želeni poziciji, spust oz. plavajočo lego in nekateri tudi možnost potiska navzdol. Te štiri funkcije so zaobjete v hidravličnem razvodniku 2. Nekateri, predvsem starejši in cenejši sistemi nimajo na prednjem tritočkovnem priključnem sistemu niti plavajoče lege, kar je še dodatna slabost. Bistvo nadgradnje sistema za prenos teže je vključitev hidravličnega akumulatoija 6 in hidravličnega razvodnika 3 v hidravlični sistem. Ostali elementi so potrebni zaradi varnosti, enostavnega upravljanja, prilagoditve sistema različnim masam priključkov in nastavitvi deleža prenesene teže.Usually, the three-point connection system has a simple steering that allows lifting, holding in the desired position, descending or lifting. floating position and some also the ability to push down. These four features are rounded off in hydraulic manifold 2. Some, especially older and cheaper systems, do not even have a floating position on the front three-point connection system, which is an additional disadvantage. The point of upgrading the weight transfer system is to integrate the hydraulic accumulator 6 and the hydraulic manifold 3 into the hydraulic system. Other elements are needed for safety, easy operation, adjusting the system to different weights of attachments and adjusting the proportion of weight transferred.

V narisanem položaju M razvodnika 2, to je razvodnik, ki ga krmilimo z ročico za dviganje priključnega sistema, je hidravlični cilinder 1 zaprt in se ne more premikati - priključen stroj je dvignjen in miruje. Tak položaj je na primer med vožnjo, ko je stroj dvignjen od tal. Ko pridemo na površino, kjer želimo s strojem delati, spustimo stroj na tla s prekrmiljenjem razvodnika 2 v položaj SP. Pri prvi uporabi oziroma nastavitvi za vsak priključek, vključimo razvodnik 3 na primer s stikalom na armaturni plošči traktoija, oziroma kjer smo ga vgradili. S tem smo povezali hidravlični cilinder 1 tritočkovnega priključnega sistema s hidravličnim akumulatoijem 6 in tlačnim regulatoijem 4. Nato skušamo dvigniti stroj s prekrmiljenjem razvodnika 2 v položaj D. Če se stroj ne dvigne, pomeni, da je na tlačnem regulatoiju 4 nastavljen premajhen tlak, zato privijemo gumb tlačnega regulatoija 4 toliko, da se stroj začne dvigati. Če pa se stroj dvigne, ga ustavimo tako, da prekrmilimo razvodnik 2 v položaj M in nato odvijamo gumb tlačnega regulatorja 4 toliko, da se ravno začne spuščati. S tem smo prenesli vso težo priključenega stroja na traktor. Ker pa mora stroj, na primer kosilnica pri delu drseti po tleh, še nekoliko odvijemo tlačni regulator 4 tako, da se stroj spusti na tla in lahko začnemo z delom. Pri tem je v hidravličnem cilindru 1 na priključku A in v hidravličnem akumulatoiju tolikšen tlak, kot je bil nastavljen s tlačnim regulatorjem 4. Ko se pri delu hoče stroj zaradi neravnin dvigniti, se lahko dvigne, saj v tem primeru pride v cilinder 1 olje iz hidravličnega akumulatorja 6 in sicer pod tlakom, zato se tudi v novem položaju stroja prenese del teže na traktor. Olje na drugi strani cilindra 1 pa lahko preko priključka B in razvodnika 3, kije pri delu v vključenem položaju, odteka v rezervoar.In the drawn position M of the manifold 2, ie the manifold, which is controlled by the lever for raising the coupling system, the hydraulic cylinder 1 is closed and cannot move - the connected machine is raised and stationary. This is the case, for example, when driving while the machine is lifted from the ground. When we arrive at the surface where we want to work with the machine, lower the machine to the ground by switching the manifold 2 to the SP position. For the first use or adjustment for each connection, switch on the manifold 3, for example, with the switch on the dashboard of the tractor, or where it was installed. We have connected the hydraulic cylinder 1 of the three-point connection system to the hydraulic accumulator 6 and the pressure regulator 4. Then, try to raise the machine by switching the manifold 2 to position D. If the machine does not rise, the pressure regulator 4 is set too low, so Screw in the pressure control knob 4 until the machine starts to lift. However, if the machine is raised, stop it by moving the manifold 2 to the M position and then unscrew the pressure regulator knob 4 until it starts to lower. With this we transferred all the weight of the connected machine to the tractor. However, since the machine, such as the mower, must slide on the floor at work, unscrew the pressure regulator 4 slightly so that the machine is lowered to the ground and can be started. In this case, the hydraulic cylinder 1 on terminal A and the hydraulic accumulator have the same pressure as set with the pressure regulator 4. When the machine wants to rise due to irregularities, it can rise because in this case the oil from cylinder 1 hydraulic accumulator 6 under pressure, so even in the new machine position some of the weight is transferred to the tractor. The oil on the other side of cylinder 1 can drain into the reservoir via port B and the manifold 3, which when operated in the on position.

Zaradi protipovratnega ventila ob dušilki 5 je omogočen hiter dvig stroja, spust oz. povratni gib pa je počasen - odvisen od nastavitve dušenja na dušilki 5. Na ta način se varuje stroj in traktor pred poškodbami, predvsem pri delu z večjimi voznimi hitrostmi, po drugi strani pa prepreči nihanja stroja.Due to the non-return valve at the throttle 5, the machine can be quickly raised, lowered or lowered. the return stroke is slow - depending on the setting of the damping on the throttle 5. This protects the machine and the tractor from damage, especially when working at higher driving speeds and, on the other hand, prevents the machine from oscillating.

Ko se stroj zaradi neravnin pri delu spušča, se olje potiska iz cilindra 1 preko priključka A v hidravlični akumulator 6, preko priključka B pa se olje dovaja v cilinder 1 skozi razvodnik 3. Če zaradi preglobokega spusta stroja tlak olja v cevovodu do hidravličnega akumulatoija 6 preveč naraste, potem lahko višek odteče preko tlačnega regulatoga 4 v rezervoar. Ko želimo na koncu dela stroj dvigniti, najprej izključimo razvodnik 3 in nato, tako kot brez sistema za prenos teže, dvignemo prednji priključni sistem s prekrmiljenjem razvodnika 2 v položaj D. Pri nadaljnjem delu, torej dviganju in spuščanju stroja na koncu parcele pri obračanju sta možni dve varianti:When the machine is lowered due to uneven operation, the oil is pushed from cylinder 1 through terminal A to the hydraulic accumulator 6, and through the terminal B the oil is fed into cylinder 1 through the manifold 3. If due to the machine being too low, the oil pressure in the pipeline to the hydraulic reservoir 6 too high then the excess can flow through the pressure regulator 4 into the tank. When we want to raise the machine at the end of the work, first switch off the manifold 3 and then, as without the weight transfer system, raise the front connection system by switching the manifold 2 to position D. In the further work, ie raising and lowering the machine at the end of the pitch when turning, two possible options:

Varianta 1. Stroj iz dvignjenega stanja, ko je razvodnik 2 v položaju M spustimo na tla tako, da samo preklopimo razvodnik 3 in se bo stroj sam spustil na tla, če je tlačni regulator 4 pravilno nastavljen. Hitrost spuščanja nastavimo z gumbom dušilke 5. Pri tem ne smemo oz. ni potrebno prekrmiliti razvodnika 2 v položaj SP za spuščanje oz plavajoč položaj. Če se to pomotoma zgodi, nadaljujemo po spodnji varianti 2, kajti v tem primeru je olje izteklo iz hidravličnega akumulatoija in zato sistem prenosa teže ne bo deloval Na koncu vrste spet stroj dvignemo tako, da izključimo razvodnik 3 in prekrmilimo razvodnik 2 najprej v položaj D za dvig in nato v položaj M, da ostane stroj na doseženi višini.Variant 1. The machine is raised from the raised state when the manifold 2 is in the M position by lowering the manifold 3 only and the machine will lower itself to the ground if the pressure regulator 4 is correctly set. The lowering speed can be adjusted with the throttle knob 5. This must not be done. it is not necessary to move manifold 2 to SP position for descent or floating position. If this happens by mistake, proceed to the lower variant 2, because in this case the oil has leaked from the hydraulic accumulator and therefore the weight transfer system will not work. At the end of the row, raise the machine again by switching off the manifold 3 and switching the manifold 2 to position D first. to raise and then to position M so that the machine remains at its height.

Varianta 2. Stroj spustimo na tla tako, da z ročico za krmiljenje prednjega priključnega sistema prekrmilimo razvodnik 2 v položaj SP. Nato vključimo razvodnik 3 ter za kratek čas, 1-2 sek. prekrmilimo razvodnik 2 v položaj za dviganje, torej položaj D in ga potem vrnemo v položaj za mirovanje M in ne v plavajoči položaj SP. S tem smo napolnili hidravlični akumulator in tako aktivirali sistem za prenos teže stroja.Option 2. Lower the machine to the ground by turning the manifold 2 to the SP position with the control lever for the front connection system. Then switch on manifold 3 and for a short time, 1-2 seconds. move the manifold 2 to the lifting position, then the D position, and then return it to the resting position M and not to the floating position SP. This recharged the hydraulic battery to activate the machine's weight transfer system.

Ta postopek uporabimo tudi takrat, ko smo se zmotili, in pri spuščanju ali pri delu prekrmilili razvodnik 2 v plavajoč položaj SP.We also apply this procedure when we have made a mistake and, when lowering or operating, move the manifold 2 to the floating position SP.

Vgradnja manometra v sistem je priporočljiva zato, da lahko spremljamo delovanje in učinkovitost sistema ter izvedemo natančno nastavitev deleža prenesene teže stroja na traktor. Če med delom z vključenim sistemom tlak hidravličnega olja pade, potem je učinkovitost prenosa teže slabša, ali pa je sploh ni. V takem primeru lahko, pri vključenem sistemu, za kratek čas prekrmilimo razvodnik 2 v položaj za dvig D. S tem se bo tlak v sistemu povečal do vrednosti, katera je nastavljena na tlačnem regulatoiju 4 in sistem spet normalno deloval.The installation of a pressure gauge in the system is recommended in order to monitor the operation and efficiency of the system and to fine-tune the weight fraction of the machine carried per tractor. If the hydraulic oil pressure drops while working with the system on, then the weight transfer efficiency is either poor or nonexistent. In this case, with the system switched on, the manifold 2 can be briefly switched to the lifting position D. This will increase the pressure in the system to the value set on the pressure regulator 4 and return the system to normal operation.

Natančnejšo nastavitev deleža prenesene teže priključnega stroja na traktor lahko izvedemo, če imamo v sistemu vgrajen manometer. Priključni stroj spustimo na tla. Privijemo gumb za nastavitev tlaka na regulatoiju 4 do konca. Vključimo razvodnik 3 za prenos teže in nato dvignemo stroj tako, da prekrmilimo razvodnik 2 v položaj D, in ko doseže dvignjen položaj za transport, ga dvignjenega zadržimo tako, da prekrmilimo razvodnik 2 v položaj M. Nato odvijamo gumb za nastavljanje tlaka na tlačnem regulatoiju 4 toliko časa, da se začne stroj spuščati. Pri tem odčitamo tlak, ki ga prikazuje manometer 7, na primer 60 bar. To je tlak hidravličnega olja pri 100% prenosu teže stroja na traktor. Če želimo, da se na traktor pri delu prenese 80% teže, odvijamo gumb za nastavljanje tlaka toliko, da se prikazani tlak na manometru zmanjša na vrednost 80% začetnega tlaka ob začetku spuščanja stroja, torej manometer naj prikazuje tlak 48 bar, za manjši delež prenesene teže še odvijemo gumb in tako naprej. Kolikšen je lahko delež prenesene teže je odvisno od vrste stroja, od dela, ki ga opravljamo, od ravnosti terena, od vozne hitrosti.A more precise adjustment of the weight fraction of the implement to the tractor can be carried out if a pressure gauge is installed in the system. Lower the coupling machine to the ground. Screw the pressure control knob on the regulator 4 to the end. We switch on the weight transfer manifold 3 and then lift the machine by turning the manifold 2 to position D, and when it reaches the raised transport position, hold the manifold up by moving the manifold 2 to position M. Then, press the pressure control knob on the pressure regulator. 4 until the machine starts to lower. The pressure indicated by the pressure gauge 7, for example 60 bar, is read. This is the hydraulic oil pressure at 100% transfer of machine weight to the tractor. If 80% of the weight is to be applied to the tractor at work, the pressure adjusting knob is removed until the pressure shown on the pressure gauge is reduced to 80% of the initial pressure when the machine is lowered, so that the pressure gauge should show a pressure of 48 bar for a smaller proportion the transferred weight we still unscrew the button and so on. How much weight can be transferred depends on the type of machine, the work we are doing, the flatness of the terrain, the driving speed.

Claims (4)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVKIPATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Sistem za prenos teže vlečenega ali potiskanega stroja, kateri pri delu drsi po tleh ali je podprt s podpornimi kolesi in je priključen na standardizirani tritočkovni priključni sistem traktorja spredaj ali zadaj, značilen po tem, daje na tlačni hidravlični vod med delovnim razvodnikom (2) in hidravličnim cilindrom (1) za dvig ročic tritočkovnega priključnega sistema, preko nastavljive dušilke s protipovratnim ventilom (5) in normalno zaprtega, enostransko električno krmiljenega 4/2 razvodnika (3) s povratno vzmetjo, povezan hidravlični akumulator (6).1. A system for transferring weight of a towed or pushed machine, which slides on the ground or is supported by support wheels and is connected to a standard three-point tractor front or rear system, characterized in that it provides a pressure hydraulic line during the manifold (2 ) and a hydraulic cylinder (1) for raising the levers of the three-point connection system via an adjustable throttle with a non-return valve (5) and a normally closed, one-way electrically controlled 4/2 manifold (3) with a return spring, connected hydraulic accumulator (6). 2. Sistem za prenos teže po zahtevku 1, značilen po tem, da je na hidravlični vod med razvodnikom (3) in tlačnim akumulatorjem (6) povezan nastavljiv tlačni regulator (4), katerega izvod vodi neposredno v rezervoar hidravličnega olja2. A weight transfer system according to claim 1, characterized in that an adjustable pressure regulator (4) is connected to the hydraulic conduit between the manifold (3) and the pressure accumulator (6), the output of which leads directly to the hydraulic oil tank. 3. Sistem za prenos teže po zahtevku 1 in 2, značilen po tem, daje povratni vod hidravličnega cilindra (1) povezan z razvodnikom (3), katerega izvod vodi neposredno v rezervoar hidravličnega olja.Weight transfer system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the return line of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is connected to a manifold (3), the outlet of which leads directly to the hydraulic oil tank. 4. Sistem za prenos teže po zahtevku 1,2 in 3, značilen po tem, da je na hidravlični vod med razvodnikom (3) in tlačnim akumulatorjem (6) povezan manometer (7) za prikaz delovnega tlaka.A weight transfer system according to claims 1,2 and 3, characterized in that a pressure gauge (7) is connected to the hydraulic line between the manifold (3) and the pressure accumulator (6) for indicating the working pressure.
SI200800081A 2008-04-08 2008-04-08 Hydraulic system for setting the weight transmission of trailer machines to the tractor SI22731A (en)

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