SI20873A - Procedure of preparation of water repellent, vapour permeable mortar for wet walls rehabilitation - Google Patents

Abstract

The abstract resumes the description of the invented procedure of preparation of a water repellent, vapour permeable mortar for rehabilitation of wet walls. To prepare the mortar, water shall be added only and the wet mixture mixed for 3 minutes in a forced action counterflow mixer. The rehabilitation mortar for the first layer contains: cement PZ 45 FHS/ grey/ (20%); white hydrated lime (2%); quartz sand filler in fractions 0,0-0,10 mm (14%); 0,1-0,4 mm (10%); 0,1-0,5 mm (12,5%); 0,7-1,2 mm (7%); 1,0-1,2 mm (18%); 2,0-3,2 mm (16,5%); porosifying and water repellent additives shall be added during mixing. The rehabilitation mortar for the second layer /variant I/ contains: cement PZ 55 F/ grey/ (17,35%); white hydrated lime (3%); perlite 0/1 mm (1,65%); quartz sand filler in fractions 0,0-0,10 mm (5%); 0,2-0,7 mm (32,5%); 0,7-1,2 mm (19,50%); 1,0-2,2 mm (10,50%); 2,0-3,2 mm (10,50%); porosifying and water repellent additives shall be added during mixing. The rehabilitation mortar for the second layer /variant II/ contains: cement PZ 45 F/ white/ (14,00%); white hydrated lime (3%); quartz sand filler in fractions 0,0-0,1 mm (14,0%); 0,1-0,4 mm (16%); 0,2-0,7 mm (25%); 0,7-1,2 mm (27,0%). The rehabilitation mortar for the third layer contains: cement PZ 45 F/ white/ (12%); white hydrated lime (12%); quartz sand filler in fractions 0,0-0,1 mm (6%); 0,1-0,4 mm (70%); porosifying and water repellent additives shall be added during mixing.

Description

POSTOPEK IZVEDBE VODOODBOJNE, PAROPROPUSTNE MALTE ZA SANACIJE VLAŽNIH ZIDOVPROCEDURE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF WATERPROOFING, STEAM-PERFORMANCE Mortar for Wet Wall Remediation

Predmet izuma spada v področje gradbeništva, posebno v področje gradbenih materialov.The subject of the invention falls within the field of construction, especially in the field of building materials.

Po mednarodni klasifikaciji patentov (MKp), je predmet razvrščen in označen s klasifikacijskimi simboli C 04 B 29/00, s katerimi so definirani gradbeni materiali prvenstvene sestavine malt, ki vsebujejo neorganska veziva ali proizvod reakcije nekega neorganskega in organskega veziva.According to the International Patent Classification (MKp), an item is classified and marked with the classification symbols C 04 B 29/00, which define the building materials of the primary constituent of mortars containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and organic binder.

Tehnični problem, ki se rešuje s to prijavo se sestoji v sledečem : “kako ustvariti mineralno malto, ki bo vodoodbojna, paropropustna, odporna na zmrzovanje in termična”, Malta z navedenimi lastnostmi kot omet bi omogočila izsuševanje vlažnih zidov, preprečevala topljenje soli v zidovih in zaščitila površino zidov zgradb proti agresivnim atmosferijam.The technical problem to be solved by this application is the following: "how to create a mineral mortar that will be water repellent, vapor permeable, resistant to freezing and thermal", Malta with the above properties as a plaster would allow the wet walls to dry out, prevent salt from melting in the walls and protected the surface of the walls of buildings against aggressive atmospheres.

Zaradi svoje velike poroznosti do 45 % in zaprtih por je malto tretirati prav tako tudi termično.Due to its high porosity of up to 45% and closed pores, the mortar is also treated thermally.

Stanje tehnike za običajne kvalitete ometov je v svetu in Sloveniji dobro, problem pa predstavlja še ne dovolj razvita gradbena tehnologija ter pomanjkanje specialnih mineralnih sanacijskih malt, ki se v veliki meri uvažajo. Za izdelavo malt se lahko uporablja vse vrste prirodnih in umetnih agregatov, organskega in anorganskega porekla, kot tudi veziv, ki so lahko naravna ali umetna.The state of the art for the usual qualities of plasters is good in the world and in Slovenia, but the problem is not yet sufficiently developed construction technology and the lack of specialty mineral remedial mortars, which are largely imported. All kinds of natural and artificial aggregates, organic and inorganic in origin, as well as binders that can be natural or artificial, can be used to make mortars.

Vsled hitrega razvoja v bazični kemiji, se tehnološki doseški v kvaliteti zelo hitro spreminjajo, za izumljene gradbene materiale, nastajajo vedno nove dodatne tehnično-tehnološke zahteve, ki temeljijo na vedno bolj zdravem in kulturnejšem življenju v bivalnem okolju. Vsled vedno ostrejših zdravjevarstvenih kriterijev za gradbeno tehnologijo pri proizvodnji gradbenih materialov, polizdekov, izdelkov in izgradnji objektov, novi kriteriji prepovedujejo uporabo posameznih zdravju škodljivih materialov. Iz uporabe so izvržene surovine in izdelki iz neobstojnih surovin, kot so slabe žlindre, tufi, neočiščeni gramozni agregati, ruda za proizvodnjo cementa, ki vsebuje soli ali kremenčevi peski z dropci oglja.Due to the rapid development in basic chemistry, technological advances in quality are changing rapidly, and new technical and technological requirements are being created for invented building materials, based on an increasingly healthy and cultural life in the living environment. Due to increasingly stringent health criteria for construction technology in the production of building materials, semi-finished products, products and construction of facilities, the new criteria prohibit the use of individual materials that are harmful to health. Raw materials and articles of non-existent raw materials, such as bad slag, tuffs, crude gravel aggregates, ore for the production of cement containing salts or silica sands with charcoal drops, have been thrown out of use.

V današnjem gradbeništvu se od funkcije malt pričakuje za potrebe uporabnikov, odgovarjajoče tehnološke, fizikalno kemične lastnosti brez škodljivih stranskih učinkov, torej gradbene materiale, ki bi upravičili njihovo uporabo. Zahtevane in predpisane lastnosti gradbenih materialov definirajo standardi in to za različna področja gradbeništva. Za predmetno prijavo izuma iz gradbenega področja malt, nobena od poznanih, sanacijskih malt ne rešuje navedenega tehničnega problema v popolnosti.In today's construction, the mortar function is expected to meet the needs of users with appropriate technological, physico-chemical properties without harmful side effects, that is, building materials that would justify their use. The required and prescribed properties of building materials are defined by standards for various fields of construction. For the present application of the invention in the field of mortar construction, none of the known repair mortars solves the said technical problem in its entirety.

Tudi rezultati predhodne preizkave obstoječe patentne dokumentacije na Patentnem uradu Republike Slovenije v Ljubljani, kot tudi v Avstriji na Dunaju, za področje te prijave izuma niso dali dovolj dobrih rezultatov, ali že obstoječe malte na tržišču niso namenjene gradbeni tehnologiji prepoznavni že v naslovu te prejave izuma.Also, the results of the preliminary examination of the existing patent documentation at the Patent Office of the Republic of Slovenia in Ljubljana, as well as in Austria in Vienna, did not give sufficiently good results in the field of this invention, whether the existing mortars on the market are not intended for construction technology already recognizable in the title of this invention invention .

Patentna prijava P-1708/82, nemške firme Otavi Minenag iz Frankfurta pod naslovom “Postopek za izvedbo lahkega gradbenega materiala”, v tej prijavi se uporablja perlit v prevelikih količinah do 35%, ki je higroskopičen material in vodno steklo kot zelo tog material, ki ne prenese najmajnših vibracij in tresljajev, zato na obcestnih fasadah razpoka.Patent Application P-1708/82, from the German firm Otavi Minenag of Frankfurt, entitled "Process for the Construction of Lightweight Construction Material", in this application is used excessive amounts of pearlite up to 35%, which is hygroscopic material and water glass as a very rigid material, which does not withstand the slightest vibrations and vibrations, and therefore cracks on the roadside facades.

Patent štev. 39741, firme Vykumny ustav inzinier-sych stavieb iz Bratislave, Slovaška, za izum pod naslovom “Postopek za pridobivanje kompromiranega gradbenega materiala za fundiranje v hidrogradnjah, ki vsebuje cement in hidravlično apno, ter lepila, pepel in bentonit”. Ta zmes tvori kompakten nepropusten material in ne odgovarja na zastavljen tehnični problem.Patent no. 39741, of the Vykumny constitution inzinier-sych stavieb of Bratislava, Slovakia, for the invention entitled "A process for the production of compromised foundation material for hydraulic structures containing cement and hydraulic lime, and adhesives, ash and bentonite". This mixture forms a compact impermeable material and does not respond to the technical problem posed.

Patent štev. 39745 Termika iz Ljubljane, “Postopek za izdelavo perlitne malte z majhno prostorninsko teže od 500 do 650 kg/m3, tudi ne rešuje tehničnega problema, ker je to polnilo higroskopičen perlit ter nizka tlačna ter upogibna trdnost.”Patent no. 39745 Termika from Ljubljana, “The process for the production of pearlite mortar with a small volume weight from 500 to 650 kg / m3 does not solve the technical problem as this filler is hygroscopic perlite and low compressive and flexural strength.”

Patent štev. 8911475, ki je bil v Sloveniji objavljen in podeljen 31.12.1994, avtorja Ivana Klanečka. Za navedeni patent je bil izdan tudi pozitiven dokument preizkave avstrijskega patentnega urada na Dunaju. Vendar želi avtor po 12-tih letih uspešnega izkoriščavja tega patenta prijaviti novi dosežek razvoja na področju tehnologije specialnih ometov.Patent no. 8911475, published and awarded in Slovenia on 31 December 1994, by Ivan Klanecek. A positive document of examination was also issued for the said patent by the Austrian Patent Office in Vienna. However, after 12 years of successful exploitation of this patent, the author wishes to announce a new development achievement in the field of special plaster technology.

Nova tehnično, tehnološka rešitev postopka izvedbe vodoodbojne, paropropustne malte za sanacije vlažnih zidov, pomeni večji % por do 45%, kar omogoča še boljšo fizikalno lastnost, paropropustnost majnšo od 11 ni, ki pomeni bistvo tega izuma. Nova rešitev postopka ivedbe vodoodbojne paropropustne malte za sanacije vlažnih zidov obsega kot postopek, štiri različne materiale, ki pomenijo celoto postopka in dve različne kvalitete ometa. Zaradi velike poroznosti malte, oblike in gostote por ima izumljena malta izredne difuzijske sposobnosti, vsled vodoodbojnosti je dobro odporna proti karbonizaciji, koroziji in zmzovanju. Velika poroznost in zaključene pore ter njihova oblika dajejo ometu izedenem iz te malte tudi termične lastnosti kot akumulativnost toplote. Sestavine malte so mineralnega izvora kot vezivo so uporabljeni apno, sivi in beli cement, kot polnilo različne frakcije kremenčevih agregatov ter vodoodbojno proizveden perlit ter dodatek za poroznost in vodoodbojnost ometa.A new technical and technological solution to the process of performing a water-repellent, vapor-permeable mortar for the repair of wet walls means higher pores of up to 45%, which gives an even better physical property; The new solution of the process of introducing a water-repellent vapor-permeable mortar for the repair of wet walls comprises, as a process, four different materials that represent the whole process and two different qualities of plaster. Due to the high porosity of the mortar, the shape and the density of the pores, the invented mortar has excellent diffusion properties, and due to its water repellency it is well resistant to carbonation, corrosion and freezing. The high porosity and the closed pores and their shape give the plaster extracted from this mortar also thermal properties as heat accumulation. Mortar ingredients of mineral origin are used as a binder, lime, gray and white cement are used, as a filler of various fractions of silica aggregates, as well as water-produced perlite and an additive for porosity and water repellency of the plaster.

Izumljeni postopek vodo odbojne paropropustne malte za sanacije vlažnih zidov sestoji iz treh kvalitet malte. Prvi sloj ali obrizg, ki vrši funkcijo veznega sloja med podlogo površine zidov in drugim slojem. Kot vezivo vsebuje sivi cement kremenčev agregat in kodatek za dobro sprijemljivost. Nanaša se na površino zidov v obliki mreže, tako da pokrije le do 65% površine zidu, ki jo želimo ometati. Drugi sloj sanacijske malte je glavni funkcionalni tehnološki sloj, katerega debelina nanašanja je v 2-3 cm, vsled optimalne tehnološke funkcije difizijskega delovanja in termičnih lastnosti. Za izvedbo drugega sloja ometa je avtor izumil dve različni tehnološki kvaliteti ometa. Varianta I z vezivom iz belega cementa in apna ter kremenčevega agregata z dodatki za poroznost kot tudi za vodoodbojnost, predvidena za spomeniško zaščitene zgradbe. Varianta II z vezivom iz sivega cementa in perlita, kremenčevega polnila ter dodatkov za poroznost kot tudi za vodoodbojnost je predvidena za vse ostale vlažne zgradbe, katere želimo osušiti Tretji zaključni izravnalni sloj sanacijske malte je enaki za obe varianti drugih slojev, kot vezivo vsebuje bel cement in apno ter fine frakcije kremenčevega agregata in dodatka za poroznostThe inventive process of water repellent vapor permeable mortar for wet wall repair consists of three qualities of mortar. The first layer or splash that performs the function of a bonding layer between the lining of the wall surface and the second layer. As a binder, it contains gray cement quartz aggregate and codate for good adhesion. It is applied to the surface of the wall in the form of a grid, so that it covers only up to 65% of the surface of the wall that we want to plaster. The second layer of the repair mortar is the main functional technological layer, whose thickness is 2-3 cm, due to the optimal technological function of diffusion action and thermal properties. To implement the second layer of plaster, the author invented two different technological qualities of plaster. Variant I with white cement and lime binder and silica aggregate with porosity and water repellent additives intended for monument protected buildings. Variant II with binder made of gray cement and perlite, silica filler and porosity additives as well as water repellency is provided for all other damp buildings to be dried. The third finishing leveling mortar is the same for both variants of the other layers, as the binder contains white cement and lime and fine fractions of quartz aggregate and porosity additive

Sanacijska malta za prvi sloj vsebuje :First layer repair mortar contains:

cement PZ 45 FHS /sivi/, 20%, belo hidrirano apno 2%, polnila, kremenčevi peski 0,0-0,10 mm 14%; 0,1-0,4 mm 10%; 0,1-0,5mm 12,5%; 0,7-1,2mm 7%; 1,0-2,2mm 18,0%; 2,0-3,2mm 16,5%; pri mešanju dodan dodatek za poroznost in vodoodbojnost.cement PZ 45 FHS / gray /, 20%, white hydrated lime 2%, fillers, silica sand 0,0-0,10 mm 14%; 0.1-0.4 mm 10%; 0.1-0.5mm 12.5%; 0.7-1.2mm 7%; 1.0-2.2mm 18.0%; 2.0-3.2mm 16.5%; porosity and water repellent additive added when mixing.

Sanacijska malta za drugi sloj /varianta I/ vsebuje ;Second layer repair mortar / variant I / contains;

cement PZ 55F /sivi/, 17,35%; belo hidrirano apno 3%; perlit 0/1 mm 1,65%; polnila kremenčevi peski 0,0-0,10mm 5%; 0,2-0,7mm 32,50%; 0,7-1,2mm 19,50%; 1,02,2mm 10,50%; 2,0-3,2mm 10,50%; pri mešanju dodan dodatek za poroznost in vodoodbojnost.cement PZ 55F (gray), 17.35%; white hydrated lime 3%; perlite 0/1 mm 1.65%; fillers of quartz sand 0,0-0,10mm 5%; 0.2-0.7mm 32.50%; 0.7-1.2mm 19.50%; 1,02,2mm 10,50%; 2.0-3.2mm 10.50%; porosity and water repellent additive added when mixing.

Sancijska malta za drugi sloj /varianta II/ vsebuje :Second layer repair mortar / variant II / contains:

cement Pz 45F /beli/, 14,00%; belo hidrirano apno 3%; polnila kremenčeve peski ΟΟ,1 mm 14,0%; 0,1-0,4mm 16%, 0,2-0,7mm 25%; 0,7-1,2mm 27,0%.cement Pz 45F (white), 14.00%; white hydrated lime 3%; silica sand fillers ΟΟ, 1 mm 14.0%; 0.1-0.4mm 16%, 0.2-0.7mm 25%; 0.7-1.2mm 27.0%.

Sanacijska malta za tretji sloj vsebuje :Third layer repair mortar contains:

cement PZ 45 F /beli/ 12%, belo hidrirano apno 12%; polnilo kremenčevi peski ΟΟ, 1 mm 6%, 0,1- 0,4mm 70%; pri mešanju dodan dodatek za poroznost in vodoodbojnostcement PZ 45 F / white / 12%, white hydrated lime 12%; filler silica sand ΟΟ, 1 mm 6%, 0.1- 0.4mm 70%; porosity and water repellent additive added when mixing

Priprava zmesi malte za uporabo kot omet se izvede z dodajanjem vode suhi vodoodbojni malti, ki se pripravi v protitočnem prisilnem mešalcu in se meša min. 3 minute, tako dobimo primerno konsistenco malte za uporabo. f /vjPreparation of the mortar mixture for use as plaster is carried out by adding water to a dry water repellent mortar, which is prepared in a counter-flow forced mixer and mixed for min. 3 minutes to give a suitable consistency of mortar to use. f / vj

Claims (1)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVEKPATENT APPLICATION Postopek izvedbe vodoodbojne paropropustne malte za sanacije vlažnih zidovje »označen s tem« da kot sistem v treh slojih izmešanih suhih malt po recepturah kot sanacijska malta za prvi sloj vsebuje :A process for the construction of a water-repellent vapor-permeable mortar for wet masonry repair "characterized in that" as a system in three layers of mixed dry mortars according to the recipes, as the first layer repair mortar contains: cement PZ 45 FHS /sivi/, (20%), belo hidrirano apno (2%), polnila, kremenčevi peski 0,0-0,10 mm (14%); 0,1-0,4 mm (10%); 0,1-0,5mm (12,5%); 0,7-1,2mm (7%); 1,02,2mm (18,0%); 2,0-3,2mm (16,5%); pri mešanju dodan dodatek za poroznost in vodoodbojnost, da kot sistem v treh slojih izmešanih suhih malt po recepturah kot sanacijska malta za drugi sloj (varianta I.) vsebuje :cement PZ 45 FHS / gray /, (20%), white hydrated lime (2%), fillers, silica sand 0,0-0,10 mm (14%); 0.1-0.4 mm (10%); 0.1-0.5mm (12.5%); 0.7-1.2mm (7%); 1,02,2mm (18,0%); 2.0-3.2mm (16.5%); when mixed, the additive for porosity and water repellency is added that, as a system in three layers of mixed dry mortars according to the recipes, as a repair mortar for the second layer (variant I.) it contains: cement PZ 55F /sivi/, (17,35%); belo hidrirano apno (3%); perlit 0/1 mm (1,65%); polnila kremenčevi peski 0,0-0,10mm (5%); 0,2-0,7mm (32,50%); 0,7-1,2mm (19,50%); 1,0-2,2mm (10,50%); 2,0-3,2mm (10,50%); pri mešanju dodan dodatek za poroznost in vodoodbojnost, da kot sistem v treh slojih izmešanih suhih malt po recepturah kot sanacijska malta za drugi sloj (varianta II.) vsebuje :cement PZ 55F / gray /, (17.35%); white hydrated lime (3%); perlite 0/1 mm (1.65%); fillers of silica sand 0,0-0,10mm (5%); 0.2-0.7mm (32.50%); 0.7-1.2mm (19.50%); 1.0-2.2mm (10.50%); 2.0-3.2mm (10.50%); when mixed, a porosity and water repellency additive is added that, as a system in three layers of mixed dry mortars according to the recipes, as a repair mortar for the second layer (variant II.) contains: cement Pz 45F /beli/, (14,00%); belo hidrirano apno (3%); polnila kremenčeve peski 0-0,1 mm (14,0%); 0,1-0,4mm (16%), 0,2-0,7mm (25%); 0,7-1,2mm (27,0%), da kot sistem v treh slojih izmešanih suhih malt po recepturah kot sanacijska malta za tretji sloj vsebuje :cement Pz 45F / white /, (14.00%); white hydrated lime (3%); silica sand fillers 0-0,1 mm (14,0%); 0.1-0.4mm (16%), 0.2-0.7mm (25%); 0.7-1.2mm (27.0%) that, as a system in three layers of mixed dry mortars according to the recipes, as a repair mortar for the third layer, it contains: cement PZ 45 F /beli/ (12%), belo hidrirano apno (12%); polnilo kremenčevi peski ΟΟ, 1 mm (6%), 0,1- 0,4mm (70%); pri mešanju dodan dodatek za poroznost in vodoodbojnost.cement PZ 45 F / white / (12%), white hydrated lime (12%); silica sand filler 1, 1 mm (6%), 0.1- 0.4mm (70%); porosity and water repellent additive added when mixing.