SE462236B - WASTE TO DESTROY ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTE - Google Patents
WASTE TO DESTROY ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTEInfo
- Publication number
- SE462236B SE462236B SE8406090A SE8406090A SE462236B SE 462236 B SE462236 B SE 462236B SE 8406090 A SE8406090 A SE 8406090A SE 8406090 A SE8406090 A SE 8406090A SE 462236 B SE462236 B SE 462236B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- waste
- chamber
- oxygen
- chlorine
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/20—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by treating with solids; Regenerating spent purifying masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/301—Treating pyrogases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
462 256 10 15 20 25 Företrädesvis genomföres förbränningen vid en temperatur överstigande ca 140000. Fördelen med destruktion vid hög temperatur, dvs. företrädesvis över ca l400oC, i en atmos- fär innehàllande ett underskott av oxidationsmedel, är att den höga temperaturen i processen leder till snabb och fullständig sönderdelning av avfallsmaterialet i ämnen såsom CO, C02, H2, H20, HCl och C12. 462 256 10 15 20 25 Preferably the combustion is carried out at a temperature exceeding about 140,000. The advantage of destruction at high temperature, i.e. preferably above about 140 ° C, in an atmosphere containing a deficit of oxidizing agent, is that the high temperature in the process leads to rapid and complete decomposition of the waste material into substances such as CO, CO 2, H 2, H 2 O, HCl and C12.
Den vid konventionella processer förekommande àterbild- ningen av giftiga, miljöfarliga ämnen, motverkas av så- väl den höga temperaturen, det rådande syreunderskottet som den korta uppehållstiden. Uppehàllstiden uppgår till i storleksordningen ca 0,5 - l sek.The regeneration of toxic, environmentally hazardous substances in conventional processes is counteracted by the high temperature, the prevailing oxygen deficit and the short residence time. The residence time is in the order of about 0.5 - 1 sec.
Genom att den för processen erforderliga värmeenergin tillföres medelst en i en plasmagenerator till jonise- ringstemperatur upphettad gas, säkerställes under drifts- förhållanden den erforderliga höga temperaturen i processen.By supplying the heat energy required for the process by means of a gas heated in a plasma generator to ionization temperature, the required high temperature in the process is ensured under operating conditions.
I plasmageneratorn överföres elektrisk energi till värme- energi i en lämplig gas, i en ljusbåge, som alstras i plasmageneratorn. Gasen kan exempelvis utgöras av åt- minstone en del av det oxidationsmedel som tillföres i reaktionskammaren. Av gasen vid joniseringstemperatur utsänd UV-strålning spjälkar dessutom effektivt eventuella kvarvarande giftiga klorföreningar i gasen.In the plasma generator, electrical energy is transferred to heat energy in a suitable gas, in an arc, which is generated in the plasma generator. The gas may, for example, consist of at least a part of the oxidizing agent which is supplied to the reaction chamber. In addition, UV radiation emitted by the gas at ionization temperature effectively breaks down any remaining toxic chlorine compounds in the gas.
Oxidationsmedlet kan utgöras av en gas innehållande exempelvis luft, syrgas (02), koldioxid (C02) och/eller vattenånga (H20), som sålunda helt eller delvis kan till- föras processen genom plasmageneratorn. Reaktionskammaren utgöres av en sluten, värmeisolerad, eldfast infodrad (V 10 15 20 25 30 462 236 behållare, försedd med anslutningar för en eller flera plasmageneratorer, injiceringslansar för avfallsmaterial och oxidationsmedel samt ett utlopp för den genererade gasen.The oxidizing agent may consist of a gas containing, for example, air, oxygen (O 2), carbon dioxide (CO 2) and / or water vapor (H 2 O), which can thus be supplied in whole or in part to the process through the plasma generator. The reaction chamber consists of a closed, heat-insulated, refractory-lined (V 10 15 20 25 30 462 236 container, provided with connections for one or more plasma generators, injection lances for waste material and oxidizing agent and an outlet for the generated gas.
Enligt en lämplig utföringsform av uppfinningen kan av- gaserna dessutom efter förbränningssteget med extern energitillförsel medelst plasmagenerator underkastas ett karbureringssteg, varvid gasen bringas att passera en reaktor fylld med fast styckeformig kolbärare, t.ex. koks, eventuellt med en reaktivitetshöjande tillsats, t.ex en alkaliförening. Härvid utnyttjas gasens fysiska värme för värmning av koksen till gasens temperatur, varvid kolet i koksen reagerar med syre, koldioxid och vatten- ånga i gasen under bildning av kolmonoxid och vätgas, varigenom gasens värmevärde höjs.According to a suitable embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gases can furthermore, after the combustion step with external energy supply by means of a plasma generator, be subjected to a carburization step, whereby the gas is passed to a reactor filled with solid piece-shaped carbon support, e.g. coke, optionally with a reactivity-increasing additive, eg an alkali compound. The physical heat of the gas is used to heat the coke to the temperature of the gas, whereby the carbon in the coke reacts with oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the gas to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, whereby the calorific value of the gas is increased.
Gasen kan på konventionellt sätt befrias från sitt inne- håll av klorföreningar, genom införande i en tvättanord- ning i vilken gasen kyles och de klorinnehållande före- ningarna avskiljes. Den från klor befriade gasen kan se- dan införas i en slutförbränningskammare alternativt kan den användas direkt i en industriell process.The gas can be freed from its content of chlorine compounds in a conventional manner, by introduction into a washing device in which the gas is cooled and the chlorine-containing compounds are separated. The chlorine-free gas can then be introduced into a final combustion chamber or it can be used directly in an industrial process.
För att ytterligare reducera risken för återbildning av giftiga föreningar och/eller bildning av nya giftiga klorföreningar kan enligt en utföringsform av uppfinningen genomföras ytterligare ett processteg i det att de renade avgaserna efter kylning t.ex. genom värmeväxling till 350 - 7oo°c inledas i en reaktor fylla med en lämplig acceptor för avlägsnande av klor och/eller klorväte ur gasen liksom för kondensering av eventuella i gasen inne- hållande metallångor. Som acceptor användes företrädesvis bränd eller obränd kalk och/eller dolomit. 462 256 10 15 20 25 Uppfinningen kommer nu att beskrivas närmare i anslutning till bifogade ritningar, på vilka fig. 1 visar en enkel principskiss av en anläggning för genomförande av processen enligt uppfinningen, och fig. 2 visar ett utförande av en reaktionskammare i kom- bination med ett karbureringsschakt.In order to further reduce the risk of regeneration of toxic compounds and / or the formation of new toxic chlorine compounds, according to an embodiment of the invention, a further process step can be carried out in that the purified exhaust gases after cooling e.g. by heat exchange to 350 - 70 ° C is started in a reactor filled with a suitable acceptor for removing chlorine and / or hydrogen chloride from the gas as well as for condensing any metal vapors contained in the gas. As acceptor, burnt or quicklime and / or dolomite are preferably used. The invention will now be described in more detail in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a simple principle sketch of a plant for carrying out the process according to the invention, and Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a reaction chamber in the invention. combination with a carburizing shaft.
Den i fig. 1 visade anläggningen innefattar en reaktions- kammare 1, iníodrad med eldfast material. Det avfalls- material som skall behandlas, injiceras genom åtminstone en lans 2. Den erforderliga energin tillföres enligt den föredragna utfëringsformen medelst en i åtminstone en plasmagenerator 3 upphettad gas. Den gas som skall upp- hettas tillföras genom en ledning 4. Nämnda gas kan lämp- ligen utgöras av åtminstone en del av det oxidationsmedel som användes i processen. Ytterligare oxidationsmedel och/eller andra reaktanter tillföres genom lansar 5.The plant shown in Fig. 1 comprises a reaction chamber 1, lined with refractory material. The waste material to be treated is injected through at least one lance 2. The required energy is supplied according to the preferred embodiment by means of a gas heated in at least one plasma generator 3. The gas to be heated is supplied through a line 4. Said gas may suitably consist of at least a part of the oxidizing agent used in the process. Additional oxidizing agents and / or other reactants are added through lances 5.
Reaktionskammarens volym anpassas till övriga process- parametrar såsom gashastighet, energitäthet i plasmagasen, mängd inmatat avfallsmaterial per tidsenhet, etc. så att erforderlig uppehållstid för reaktionernas genomförande uppkommer, dvs. i storleksordningen 0,5 - 1 sek.The volume of the reaction chamber is adapted to other process parameters such as gas velocity, energy density in the plasma gas, amount of waste material fed per unit time, etc. so that the required residence time for carrying out the reactions arises, ie. in the order of 0.5 - 1 sec.
Från reaktionskammaren transporteras gasen i en ledning 6 till en tvätt 7, i vilken gasen kyles och befrias från alla klor innehållande föreningar.From the reaction chamber, the gas is transported in a line 6 to a wash 7, in which the gas is cooled and freed from all chlorine-containing compounds.
Den tvättade gasen transporteras sedan vidare genom en ledning 8 till en slutförbränningskammare 9, i vilken gasen förbrännas med luft tillförd genom en lans 10. i! f» 10 15 20 25 462 236 Gasen kan givetvis användas direkt efter tvätten, om dess sammansättning och energiinnehåll gör den intressant för en industriell process eller liknande.The washed gas is then transported further through a line 8 to a final combustion chamber 9, in which the gas is combusted with air supplied through a lance 10. f »10 15 20 25 462 236 The gas can of course be used directly after washing, if its composition and energy content make it interesting for an industrial process or the like.
I fig. 2 visas en reaktionskammare 11 ansluten till ett karbureringsschakt 12. Den visade reaktionskammaren är ut- formad med ett inlopp 13 för det material som skall destrue- ras. En gas tillföres en plasmagenerator 14 och upphettas däri till joniseringstemperatur. Gasen införes i reaktions- kammaren, varvid värme avges till material och detta sam- tidigt utsättes för UV-bestrålning från den till jonise- ringstemperatur upphettade gasen. Den härvid genererade gasens fysiska värmeinnehåll utnyttjas i det efterföljande karbureringsschaktet 12. Detta innefattar en kokstillför- selanordning 15 i toppen och ett utlopp 16 i botten för icke brännbart material. Den genererade gasen införes vid reaktorns botten och avdrages genom ett övre gasut- lopp 17.Fig. 2 shows a reaction chamber 11 connected to a carburizing shaft 12. The reaction chamber shown is formed with an inlet 13 for the material to be destroyed. A gas is fed to a plasma generator 14 and heated therein to ionization temperature. The gas is introduced into the reaction chamber, whereby heat is given off to the material and this is at the same time exposed to UV radiation from the gas heated to the ionization temperature. The physical heat content of the gas thus generated is utilized in the subsequent carburizing shaft 12. This comprises a coke supply device 15 at the top and an outlet 16 at the bottom for non-combustible material. The generated gas is introduced at the bottom of the reactor and drawn off through an upper gas outlet 17.
Koksfyllningen i reaktorn uppvärmes av gasens fysiska värmeinnehåll till gasens temperatur, och syre, koldioxid och vattenånga omsättes med kolet i koksen till koloxid och vätgas. Härefter kan vid behov gasen renas från sva- vel på konventionellt sätt.The coke charge in the reactor is heated by the physical heat content of the gas to the gas temperature, and oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor are reacted with the carbon in the coke to carbon oxide and hydrogen gas. Thereafter, if necessary, the gas can be purified from sulfur in a conventional manner.
Efter en eventuell svavelrening kyles eller värmeväxlas gasen till ca 350 - 700oC och ledes genom en lämplig acceptor för klor och klorväte i gasen, lämpligen bränd eller obränd kalk och/eller dolomit. Härvid användes med fördel en vertikal reaktor fylld med acceptorn, lämpligen av det slag som användes som karbureringsschakt.After a possible sulfur purification, the gas is cooled or heat exchanged to about 350 - 700 ° C and passed through a suitable acceptor for chlorine and hydrogen chloride in the gas, suitably burnt or unburned lime and / or dolomite. In this case, a vertical reactor filled with the acceptor is advantageously used, suitably of the type used as a carburizing shaft.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI851311A FI86107C (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-01 | FOERFARANDE FOER DESTRUKTION AV MILJOEFARLIGT AVFALL. |
NO851333A NO171473C (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-01 | PROCEDURE FOR DISPOSAL OF ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTE |
IN257/MAS/85A IN164793B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-02 | |
IL7479385A IL74793A (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-03 | Method of destroying hazardous wastes |
US06/720,552 US4615285A (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-05 | Method of destroying hazardous wastes |
CA000478565A CA1238769A (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-09 | Method of destroying hazardous wastes |
NL8501034A NL8501034A (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-09 | PROCESS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF DANGEROUS WASTES. |
BR8501686A BR8501686A (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-10 | PROCESS TO DESTROY HAZARDOUS WASTES |
AU41066/85A AU577364B2 (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-12 | Method of destroying hazardous wastes |
DK169285A DK161347C (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-15 | PROCEDURE FOR DISPOSAL OF ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTE |
FR8505728A FR2570805B1 (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-16 | PROCESS FOR DESTROYING HAZARDOUS WASTE |
IT2034985A IT1184450B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-16 | DANGEROUS WASTE DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE |
DE19853513731 DE3513731A1 (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-17 | METHOD FOR DESTRUCTING HAZARDOUS WASTE |
ES542357A ES8609668A1 (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-17 | Method of destroying hazardous wastes |
GB08510114A GB2164733B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-19 | Method of destroying hazardous wastes |
AT119685A AT399761B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-22 | METHOD FOR DESTRUCTING WASTE SUBSTANCES CONTAINING CHLORINE HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS |
CH1745/85A CH668823A5 (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-24 | METHOD FOR KILLING HAZARDOUS CARBONATED WASTE. |
BE0/214913A BE902289A (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-04-26 | PROCESS FOR DESTROYING HAZARDOUS WASTE. |
PH32302A PH21809A (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1985-05-23 | Method of destroying hazardous wastes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8404764A SE453863B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1984-09-21 | SET FOR DISPOSAL OF ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTE |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE8406090D0 SE8406090D0 (en) | 1984-12-03 |
SE8406090L SE8406090L (en) | 1986-03-22 |
SE462236B true SE462236B (en) | 1990-05-21 |
Family
ID=20357103
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8404764A SE453863B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1984-09-21 | SET FOR DISPOSAL OF ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTE |
SE8406090A SE462236B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1984-12-03 | WASTE TO DESTROY ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTE |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8404764A SE453863B (en) | 1984-09-21 | 1984-09-21 | SET FOR DISPOSAL OF ENVIRONMENTALLY WASTE |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6179908A (en) |
KR (1) | KR860002689A (en) |
SE (2) | SE453863B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA852472B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6332210A (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1988-02-10 | Fuji Denki Sousetsu Kk | Waste combustion system |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2510339A1 (en) * | 1974-03-19 | 1975-09-25 | Schindler & Co Jacques | WASTE INCINERATION METHODS |
JPS5535438A (en) * | 1978-09-04 | 1980-03-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Switch |
SE451033B (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1987-08-24 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | SET AND DEVICE FOR CONVERSION OF WASTE MATERIALS WITH PLASMA MAGAZINE |
-
1984
- 1984-09-21 SE SE8404764A patent/SE453863B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-03 SE SE8406090A patent/SE462236B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-04-02 ZA ZA852472A patent/ZA852472B/en unknown
- 1985-04-15 JP JP60078638A patent/JPS6179908A/en active Pending
- 1985-04-16 KR KR1019850002559A patent/KR860002689A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE453863B (en) | 1988-03-07 |
ZA852472B (en) | 1986-11-26 |
SE8406090D0 (en) | 1984-12-03 |
SE8406090L (en) | 1986-03-22 |
SE8404764D0 (en) | 1984-09-21 |
KR860002689A (en) | 1986-04-28 |
SE8404764L (en) | 1986-03-22 |
JPS6179908A (en) | 1986-04-23 |
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