SE456097B - WEAR PART FOR TOOL MACHINERY - Google Patents

WEAR PART FOR TOOL MACHINERY

Info

Publication number
SE456097B
SE456097B SE8402155A SE8402155A SE456097B SE 456097 B SE456097 B SE 456097B SE 8402155 A SE8402155 A SE 8402155A SE 8402155 A SE8402155 A SE 8402155A SE 456097 B SE456097 B SE 456097B
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
trade
support surfaces
facing
holder
tooth tip
Prior art date
Application number
SE8402155A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE8402155L (en
SE8402155D0 (en
Inventor
K Mohlin
O Nilsson
Original Assignee
Bofors Wear Parts Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bofors Wear Parts Ab filed Critical Bofors Wear Parts Ab
Priority to SE8402155A priority Critical patent/SE456097B/en
Publication of SE8402155D0 publication Critical patent/SE8402155D0/en
Priority to ZA852753A priority patent/ZA852753B/en
Priority to DE3513670A priority patent/DE3513670C2/en
Priority to JP60081200A priority patent/JPH0663268B2/en
Priority to AU41363/85A priority patent/AU572644B2/en
Priority to FR8505803A priority patent/FR2563254B1/en
Priority to CA000479327A priority patent/CA1253906A/en
Priority to ES542377A priority patent/ES8607456A1/en
Priority to GB08509982A priority patent/GB2157650B/en
Priority to IT47966/85A priority patent/IT1181639B/en
Publication of SE8402155L publication Critical patent/SE8402155L/en
Publication of SE456097B publication Critical patent/SE456097B/en

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808Teeth
    • E02F9/2816Mountings therefor
    • E02F9/2833Retaining means, e.g. pins

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Description

456 097 en lossnad tand som inte direkt observeras av maskinföraren snabbt kan leda till att man förstör tandhàllaren genom att fortsätta att arbeta med verktyget utan att dessförinnan ersätta den saknade tanden. 456 097 a loosened tooth which is not directly observed by the machine operator can quickly lead to the tooth holder being destroyed by continuing to work with the tool without first replacing the missing tooth.

Den i samband med uppfinningen aktuella tandtypen brukar efter sin utformning benämnas hättatänder eftersom den bytbara tand- spetsen är utformad som en hätta med en bakåt i verktygets arbetsriktning sig vidgande hondel eller urtolkning som hakas över och medelst ett lâselement spänns fast vi en framåt i verktygets arbetsriktning framstickande därtill anpassad handel eller tapp som utgör den i arbetsriktningen främre delen av tandhállaren, som för övrigt i sin tur kan vara fastspänd vid verktyget med ett eget làsorgan eller utgöra en integrerad del av verktygets främre kant. Hättatänderna är mycket material- ekonomiska eftersom de kan slitas ned tills det àterstàr endast helt lite gods. Dock bör man byta tanden innan hondelens botten helt slitits bort eftersom tandspetsen då normalt förlorar sitt fäste på handelen och faller av. Föreliggande uppfinning har nu till ändamål att förhindra att även helt utslitna tänder utan botten faller av från sina fästen.The type of tooth in question in connection with the invention is usually referred to as a cap tooth because its interchangeable tooth tip is designed as a cap with a rearwardly widening female part or interpretation which is hooked over and clamped forward by a locking element in the tool's working direction protruding adapted tail or pin which constitutes the working part of the tooth holder in the direction of work, which in turn can be clamped to the tool with its own locking member or form an integral part of the front edge of the tool. The canines are very economical in material because they can be worn down until only a very small amount of material remains. However, you should change the tooth before the bottom of the female part is completely worn away because the tooth tip then normally loses its attachment to the handle and falls off. The present invention now has for its object to prevent even completely worn teeth without a bottom from falling off their brackets.

I enlighet med uppfinningen skall det vara möjligt att helt slita ned botten till tandspetsens hondel utan att tandspetsen faller av. Maskinföraren skall dessutom få en förvarning om vad som skett genom att tandspetsen börjar glappa på hàllaren, något som varje kompetent maskinförare inte kan undvika att observera då han arbetar med sin maskin. Alternativet skulle vara att flera gånger dagligen inspektera tandslitaget något som inte alla maskinförare tar sig tid att göra.In accordance with the invention, it should be possible to completely tear down the bottom to the female part of the tooth tip without the tooth tip falling off. The operator must also be given a warning of what has happened by the tip of the tooth starting to loosen on the holder, something that every competent operator cannot avoid observing when working with his machine. The alternative would be to inspect the tooth wear several times a day, something that not all machine operators take the time to do.

Enligt uppfinningen ges hàllarens handel ett i huvudsak T-format tvärsnitt med två i olika plan belägna mot det bearbetade mark- planet vända stödytor av vilka en utgörs av handelens bottenyta medan ytterligare tvâ utgörs av bottenytorna av vulster eller valkar anordnade pà vardera sidan om handelen medan tandspet- 3 456 097 sens hondel uppvisar ett därtill anpassat tvärsnitt med mot handelens bottenyta och vulsternas bottenytor vända sidoytor.According to the invention, the holder's trade is given a substantially T-shaped cross-section with two support surfaces facing the worked ground level in different planes, one of which is the bottom surface of the trade while two more are the bottom surfaces of beads or rollers arranged on each side of the trade while The female part of the tooth tip has a corresponding cross-section with side surfaces facing the bottom surface of the trade and the bottom surfaces of the beads.

Tandspetsen eller hättans hondel anpassas alltså så att denna uppvisar motriktade stödytor. Om tandspetsens d v s hättans botten helt slits bort kommer alltså tandspetsens mot handelens undersida anliggande stödyta helt att ha eliminerats. De övriga stödytorna på vulsterna som är vända åt samma håll kommer då att hålla kvar tanden på plats.The tip of the tooth or the female part of the cap is thus adapted so that it has opposite support surfaces. If the bottom of the tooth tip, i.e. the cap, is completely worn away, then the support surface of the tooth tip facing the underside of the trade will have been completely eliminated. The other support surfaces on the beads that are facing in the same direction will then keep the tooth in place.

För att göra maskinföraren uppmärksam pà detta faktum kan man enligt en variant på uppfinningen utforma de med varandra samverkande stödytorna i handel- och hondel som ligger närmast det bearbetade markplanet med minsta möjliga glapp mellan sig medan man med flit gör ett tillräckligt stort glapp mellan resterande med varandra samverkande stödytor för att tandspet- sen då dennas botten helt slitits bort skall skramla ordentligt pá sin hållare utan att för den skull lossna och falla av.In order to draw the operator's attention to this fact, according to a variant of the invention, the cooperating support surfaces can be designed in commercial and female parts which are closest to the worked ground plane with the least possible play between them while deliberately making a sufficiently large play between the remaining cooperating support surfaces so that the tooth tip, when its bottom is completely worn away, will rattle properly on its holder without it coming loose and falling off.

Uppfinningen har definierats i de efterföljande patentkraven och skall nu något ytterligare beskrivas i samband med bifogade figurer.The invention has been defined in the appended claims and will now be described somewhat further in connection with the accompanying figures.

Av dessa visar, Fig 1 en delvis snittad längsvy av en slitdel enligt uppfinningen medan Fig 2 visar samma slitdel i en delvis snittad lodvy och fig 3 visar snittet III-III i fig 1.Of these, Fig. 1 shows a partially sectioned longitudinal view of a wear part according to the invention, while Fig. 2 shows the same wear part in a partially sectioned vertical view and Fig. 3 shows the section III-III in Fig. 1.

Pâ fig 1-3 förekommer en tandhållare 1 som är fastsvetsad vid främre bottenkanten 2 pà en lastskopa. Tandhållaren 1 uppvisar en framåt i lastskopans arbetsriktning framstickande handel 3.In Figs. 1-3 there is a tooth holder 1 which is welded to the front bottom edge 2 on a load bucket. The tooth holder 1 has a trade 3 projecting forward in the working direction of the load bucket.

Pâ handelens ovansida finns ett làsspàr 4 i vilket ett làsorgan är anordnat. Làsorganet 5 kan vara utformat pà ett flertal olika i och för sig kända sätt. Dess huvudfunktion är att hålla kvar tandspetsen 6 vid hållaren 1. För att göra figurerna så 456 097 i, enkla och klara som möjligt har inga detaljer på làsorganet medtagits på figurerna.On the upper side of the trade there is a locking groove 4 in which a locking member is arranged. The locking member 5 can be designed in a number of different ways known per se. Its main function is to hold the tooth tip 6 at the holder 1. In order to make the figures as simple and clear as possible, no details of the locking member have been included in the figures.

Hàllarens 2 handel 3 avsmalnar framåt i lastskopans arbets- riktning och uppvisar en undre huvudbottenyta eller stödyta 8 som då lastskopan är i arbete är vänd mot det bearbetade mark- planet. Handelen har även en överyta 7. Längs sina två respektive sidoytor 9 och 10 är handelen försedd med vulster 11 och 12 som ger handelen ett T-format tvärsnitt. Det tidigare omnämnda lâsspáret 4 är anordnat i handelens överyta 7.The trade 3 of the holder 2 tapers forward in the working direction of the load bucket and has a lower main bottom surface or support surface 8 which, when the load bucket is in operation, faces the worked ground level. The trade also has an upper surface 7. Along its two respective side surfaces 9 and 10, the trade is provided with beads 11 and 12 which give the trade a T-shaped cross section. The previously mentioned locking groove 4 is arranged in the upper surface 7 of the trade.

Tandspetsen 6 har formen av en hätta med en bakåt i arbetsrikt- ningen sig vidgande hondel eller urholkning 13. Denna hondel 13 _uppvisar en huvudbottenyta 14 anpassad för anliggning mot han- delens bottenyta 8, en andra stöd- eller överyta 15 för anligg- ning mot handelens överyta 7. Hondelen 13, som har samma T-for- miga tvärsnitt som handelen 3 och vars huvudbottenyta eller stödyta 14 är utformad för anliggning mot handelens motsvarande huvudbottenyta eller stödyta 8 är dessutom utformad med spår 15 och 16 vilka i sin tur uppvisar stödytor 17 och 18 för anligg- ning mot handelens motsvarande stödytor 19 och 20. Dessutom har handelen två sidostyrytor 21 och 22 för styrning av tandspet- sen i sidled genom anliggning mot hondelens sidoytor 23 respek- tive 24.The tooth tip 6 is in the form of a cap with a female part or recess 13 extending rearwards in the working direction. This female part 13 has a main bottom surface 14 adapted for abutment against the bottom surface 8 of the handle, a second support or upper surface 15 for abutment against the upper part 7 of the trade, which has the same T-shaped cross-section as the trade 3 and whose main bottom surface or support surface 14 is designed to abut against the corresponding main bottom surface or support surface 8 of the trade is furthermore formed with grooves 15 and 16 which in turn have support surfaces 17 and 18 for abutment against the corresponding support surfaces 19 and 20 of the trade. In addition, the trade has two side guide surfaces 21 and 22 for guiding the tooth tip laterally by abutment against the side surfaces 23 and 24 of the female part, respectively.

Dessutom har tandspetsen 6 två bakåt utstickande överhäng 25, 26 för vilka det finns spàr 27, 28 i hállaren 1. Framför över- hänget finns ett lásspàr 27 som komplement till làsspáret 4 i handelen 3. Làsorganet 5 fyller ut utrymmet mellan dessa bägge lásspàr och spärrar sålunda tandspetsen 6 på hállaren 1. I tandspetsen finns tvà med làsspàren anpassade öppningar 29 och genom vilka làsorganet 5 kan demonteras respektive monteras.In addition, the tooth tip 6 has two rearwardly projecting overhangs 25, 26 for which there are grooves 27, 28 in the holder 1. In front of the overhang there is a locking groove 27 as a complement to the locking groove 4 in the trade 3. The locking member 5 fills the space between these two locking grooves and thus locks the tooth tip 6 on the holder 1. In the tooth tip there are two openings 29 adapted to the locking latches and through which the locking member 5 can be disassembled and mounted, respectively.

Anliggningen mellan stödytorna 8 och 14 i handel respektive hondel bör vara glappfri liksom anliggningen mellan handelens ovansida 7 och hondelens motstáende anliggningsyta 15 samt sidoytorna 22, 23 respektive 23, 24.The abutment between the support surfaces 8 and 14 in the trade and the female part, respectively, should be clear as well as the abutment between the upper side 7 of the trade and the female abutment surface 15 of the female part and the side surfaces 22, 23 and 23, 24, respectively.

I: 456 097 Däremot kan det vara lämpligt med ett visst mindre glapp mellan sidoytorna 17 och 18 respektive 19 och 20. Detta innebär nämligen att tandspetsen 6 då den är utsliten kommer att glappa på hållaren 1 utan att för den skull kunna falla av. De extra stödytorna placeras lämpligen inom områden med små böjpå- känningar t ex nära tandens mittplan så att man undviker spänningskoncentrationer i tandspets och hållare. Av tillverk- ningstekniska skäl pàfodrade snedställning av de extra stödytorna mäste naturligtvis accepteras så länge snedställ- ningen inte blir för stor.I: 456 097 On the other hand, it may be appropriate to have a certain smaller play between the side surfaces 17 and 18 and 19 and 20, respectively. This means that the tooth tip 6, when worn, will play on the holder 1 without being able to fall off. The extra support surfaces are suitably placed in areas with small bending stresses, for example near the central plane of the tooth, so that stress concentrations in the tooth tip and holder are avoided. For manufacturing technical reasons, skewed lining of the extra support surfaces must of course be accepted as long as the skewing does not become too great.

Claims (2)

10374 456 097 G PATENTKRAV10374 456 097 G PATENT REQUIREMENTS 1. Slitdel till verktyg till markbearbetningsmaskiner, såsom gräv-, last- och schaktmaskiner, bestående av en främre tandspets eller hätta (6) som i monterat skick sticker fram framom verktygets (2) i arbetsriktningen främre kant och som med en bakåt i arbetsriktningen vänd hondel (13) greppar över och medelst ett láselement (5) är fastspänd vid en därtill anpassad framåt i ar- betsriktningen framstickande handel (3) som ingår i en vid verktyget fastspänd eller som en integrerad del med verktygets framkant utformad hållare (l) varvid hállarens handel (3) och tand- spetsen hondel (13) uppvisar i olika riktningar vända stödytor an- passade till en i huvudsak glappfri anliggning mot varande k ä n - n e t e c k n a d därav att hállarens handel (3) har ett i huvud- sak T-format tvärsnitt med i tvâ olika plan belägna mot det bearbe- tade markplanet vända stödytor (8 och 19, 20) av vilka en utgörs av handelens bottenyta medan ytterligare två utgörs av bottenytorna (19, 20) av vulster eller valkar (ll, 12) anordnade pà vardera sidan om handelen medan tandspetsens hondel (13) uppvisar ett där- till anpassat tvärsnitt med mot handelens bottenyta och vulsternas bottenytor vända stödytor (14, och 17, 18).Wear part for tools for tillage machines, such as excavators, loaders and excavators, consisting of a front tooth tip or cap (6) which in assembled condition protrudes in front of the tool (2) in the front edge of the working direction and which faces backwards in the working direction female part (13) grips over and by means of a locking element (5) is clamped to a trade (3) projecting forwardly in the forward direction which is part of a holder (1) clamped to the tool or formed as an integral part with the front edge of the tool, the holder's trade (3) and the tooth tip hondel (13) have in different directions facing support surfaces adapted to a substantially play-free abutment against the present jaw - characterized in that the holder's trade (3) has a substantially T- shaped cross-section with support surfaces (8 and 19, 20) facing in two different planes facing the worked ground plane, one of which consists of the bottom surface of the trade while two more consist of the bottom surfaces (19, 20) of beads or va licks (11, 12) arranged on each side of the trade, while the female part (13) of the tooth tip has a cross section adapted thereto with support surfaces (14, and 17, 18) facing the bottom surface of the trade and the bottom surfaces of the beads. 2. Slitdel enligt krav 1 k ä n n e t e c k n a d därav att kontakten mellan den av handelens (3) stödytor (8) som ligger när- mast det bearbetade markplanet och motsvarande stödyta (14) i hon- delen (13) utformats i det närmaste glappfri medan ett visst spel anordnats mellan handelens (3) övriga àt samma håll vända stödytor (19 och 20) och motsvarande stödytor (17 och 18) i hondelen. OPA/Fkh 1988-04-18Wear part according to Claim 1, characterized in that the contact between the support surfaces (8) of the trade (3) which is closest to the worked ground plane and the corresponding support surface (14) in the female part (13) is formed almost flawlessly while a certain play is arranged between the other (in the same direction) facing support surfaces (19 and 20) and the corresponding support surfaces (17 and 18) in the female part. OPA / Fkh 1988-04-18
SE8402155A 1984-04-18 1984-04-18 WEAR PART FOR TOOL MACHINERY SE456097B (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8402155A SE456097B (en) 1984-04-18 1984-04-18 WEAR PART FOR TOOL MACHINERY
ZA852753A ZA852753B (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-12 Cap tooth
DE3513670A DE3513670C2 (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-16 Arrangement for fastening sleeve-shaped teeth
JP60081200A JPH0663268B2 (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-16 Wear parts used for tools for earthworking machines
CA000479327A CA1253906A (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-17 Cap tooth
AU41363/85A AU572644B2 (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-17 Wear indication for cap tooth
FR8505803A FR2563254B1 (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-17 WEARING PART FOR EARTHMOVING TOOTH
ES542377A ES8607456A1 (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-18 Wear part for earth working tooth
GB08509982A GB2157650B (en) 1984-04-18 1985-04-18 Wear part for earth working tooth
IT47966/85A IT1181639B (en) 1984-04-18 1985-10-03 IMPROVEMENT IN REPLACEABLE WORKING TEETH FOR EARTH-MOVING MACHINES

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8402155A SE456097B (en) 1984-04-18 1984-04-18 WEAR PART FOR TOOL MACHINERY

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE8402155D0 SE8402155D0 (en) 1984-04-18
SE8402155L SE8402155L (en) 1985-10-19
SE456097B true SE456097B (en) 1988-09-05

Family

ID=20355618

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE8402155A SE456097B (en) 1984-04-18 1984-04-18 WEAR PART FOR TOOL MACHINERY

Country Status (10)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0663268B2 (en)
AU (1) AU572644B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1253906A (en)
DE (1) DE3513670C2 (en)
ES (1) ES8607456A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2563254B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2157650B (en)
IT (1) IT1181639B (en)
SE (1) SE456097B (en)
ZA (1) ZA852753B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3520370A1 (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-11 Carl Falkenroth Söhne GmbH & Co KG, 5885 Schalksmühle TOOL UNIT FOR EXCAVATOR, FRONT LOADER, GRIPPER OR THE LIKE
JPH0692664B2 (en) * 1989-07-25 1994-11-16 エスコ・コーポレーション Excavation tooth replacement point
AU605431B1 (en) * 1989-08-09 1991-01-10 Esco Corporation Excavating tooth
ES2146174B1 (en) * 1998-07-03 2002-01-16 Metalogenia Sa COUPLING FOR EXCAVATOR AND SIMILAR TEETH.
FR2800428B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2002-01-18 Henry Paul Albert Branly ASSEMBLY CONSISTING OF A BODY AND AN EASILY RELEASING PIECE
MXPA03001041A (en) * 2000-08-04 2004-09-10 Shark Abrasion Systems Pty Ltd Attachment system.
AU7740101A (en) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-18 Shark Abrasion Systems Pty Ltd Attachment system
US8438760B2 (en) 2002-03-26 2013-05-14 Sandvik Mining And Construction Australia (Production/Supply) Pty Ltd. Mechanical attachment system and associated failure mechanism
DE60330075D1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2009-12-24 Metalogenia Sa WEAR ASSEMBLY AND COMPONENTS THEREOF, DESIGNED FOR MOVING MATERIALS SUCH AS EARTH AND STONES
US9062436B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-06-23 Caterpillar Inc. Implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US8943717B2 (en) 2011-10-08 2015-02-03 Caterpillar Inc. Implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US9057177B2 (en) 2011-10-08 2015-06-16 Caterpillar Inc. Implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
US8943716B2 (en) 2011-10-10 2015-02-03 Caterpillar Inc. Implement tooth assembly with tip and adapter
EP2829664A1 (en) * 2013-07-22 2015-01-28 Metalogenia Research & Technologies S.L. Male and female parts for a wear assembly of an earth-moving machine's bucket

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1205969A (en) * 1914-07-18 1916-11-28 American Manganese Steel Co Dipper-tooth.
US2167425A (en) * 1938-12-22 1939-07-25 Page Engineering Company Tooth-point construction
US2982035A (en) * 1958-04-28 1961-05-02 Thomas C Whisler Excavator tooth
US3006089A (en) * 1959-07-27 1961-10-31 Double J Breaker Co Ripper point assembly
US3026947A (en) * 1959-11-27 1962-03-27 Esco Corp Ground working tooth
GB923828A (en) * 1959-11-27 1963-04-18 Esco Corp Ground-working tooth
US3650053A (en) * 1969-05-07 1972-03-21 Bucyrus Erie Co Roller lock for digging tooth assembly
DE2101100A1 (en) * 1971-01-12 1972-08-03 Ischorskij sawod imeni A.A. Schdanowa, Kolpino (Sowjetunion) Bucket tooth for earthmoving machines
US3675350A (en) * 1970-04-13 1972-07-11 Amsted Ind Inc Dipper tooth assembly
US3740876A (en) * 1971-01-06 1973-06-26 B Solokhin Tooth for the bucket of a digging machine
US3774324A (en) * 1971-06-21 1973-11-27 Abex Corp Digger teeth
FR2204740B1 (en) * 1972-10-27 1976-05-21 Nord Ouest Travau
US3897642A (en) * 1974-05-13 1975-08-05 Caterpillar Tractor Co Earth working tip and adapter construction
DE2744497C3 (en) * 1977-10-04 1982-11-04 Intertractor Viehmann GmbH & Co, 5820 Gevelsberg Bucket tooth for excavators or the like.
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WO1982003235A1 (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-30 Radigan Michael T Retaining pin assembly for earthworking tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2157650A (en) 1985-10-30
FR2563254B1 (en) 1986-09-26
JPH0663268B2 (en) 1994-08-22
DE3513670A1 (en) 1985-10-24
IT1181639B (en) 1987-09-30
IT8547966A0 (en) 1985-04-17
IT8547966A1 (en) 1987-04-03
FR2563254A1 (en) 1985-10-25
JPS60233236A (en) 1985-11-19
SE8402155L (en) 1985-10-19
ZA852753B (en) 1985-12-24
ES542377A0 (en) 1986-06-16
GB2157650B (en) 1987-12-02
CA1253906A (en) 1989-05-09
GB8509982D0 (en) 1985-05-30
SE8402155D0 (en) 1984-04-18
DE3513670C2 (en) 1997-01-16
AU572644B2 (en) 1988-05-12
AU4136385A (en) 1985-10-24
ES8607456A1 (en) 1986-06-16

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