SE452560B - Domestic and industrial waste disposal - Google Patents

Domestic and industrial waste disposal

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Publication number
SE452560B
SE452560B SE8500755A SE8500755A SE452560B SE 452560 B SE452560 B SE 452560B SE 8500755 A SE8500755 A SE 8500755A SE 8500755 A SE8500755 A SE 8500755A SE 452560 B SE452560 B SE 452560B
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
gas
reaction chamber
chlorine
limestone
piece
Prior art date
Application number
SE8500755A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE8500755L (en
SE8500755D0 (en
Inventor
L Bentell
S Santen
A Ostman
Original Assignee
Skf Steel Eng Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skf Steel Eng Ab filed Critical Skf Steel Eng Ab
Priority to SE8500755A priority Critical patent/SE452560B/en
Publication of SE8500755D0 publication Critical patent/SE8500755D0/en
Priority to SE8502165A priority patent/SE453776B/en
Priority to DE19863611429 priority patent/DE3611429A1/en
Priority to NL8600881A priority patent/NL8600881A/en
Priority to US06/849,656 priority patent/US4718362A/en
Priority to GB08608887A priority patent/GB2174691B/en
Priority to FR868606183A priority patent/FR2581380B1/en
Priority to BE0/216608A priority patent/BE904705A/en
Publication of SE8500755L publication Critical patent/SE8500755L/en
Publication of SE452560B publication Critical patent/SE452560B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/14—Continuous processes using gaseous heat-carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/301—Treating pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/60—Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Method for destruction of wastes which has as result the creation of insoluble slag and a gas, the combustible components of which are exclusively H2 and CO, comprises: (a) disposing the waste materials in the upper part of a furnace chamber and simultaneously supplying energy at the bottom of the furnace in the form of hot oxidising gas; (b) evacuation of liq. slag from the bottom of the furnace tank and extn. of the gas produced from the top; and (c) transporting the gas produced to a reaction chamber next to the furnace and simultaneously providing energy in the form of hot gas.

Description

452 560 väteföreningar, att den renade gasen avdrages och värmeväx- las till en temperatur understigande smältpunkten för CaCl2, att av den heta gasen kalcinerad kalk uttages och inmatas i en andra reaktionskammare till bildning av en fyllning, och att den värmeväxlade gasen leds genom nämnda fyllning av helt eller delvis kalcinerad kalksten i den andra reak- tionskammaren för reaktion med klorinnehàllande föreningar, varigenom erhålles en väsentligen kolväte- och klorfri gas. 452,560 hydrogen compounds, that the purified gas is withdrawn and heat exchanged to a temperature below the melting point of CaCl of fully or partially calcined limestone in the second reaction chamber for reaction with chlorine-containing compounds, whereby a substantially hydrocarbon- and chlorine-free gas is obtained.

Då gasen vid inträdet i den första reaktionskammaren har en temperatur över 80000 uppnås att den styckeformiga kalken kalcineras i kammarens nedre del och denna kalcinerade pro- dukt lämpar sig utomordentligt väl för avlägsnande av klor- föreningar ur gaseni det efterföljande steget. Kalken fun- gerar som katalysator för spjälkningen av kolväten och en lämplig styckestorlek är 40-60 mm. Vid behov kan den gas som skall behandlas, tillföras ytterligare energi, företrä- desvis med hjälp av plasmagenerator. Detta kan bli nöd- vändigt genom att reaktionerna är mycket energikrävande.When the gas at the entry into the first reaction chamber has a temperature above 80,000, it is achieved that the piece-shaped lime is calcined in the lower part of the chamber and this calcined product is extremely well suited for removing chlorine compounds from the gas in the subsequent step. The lime acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrocarbons and a suitable piece size is 40-60 mm. If necessary, the gas to be treated can be supplied with additional energy, preferably by means of a plasma generator. This may be necessary because the reactions are very energy-intensive.

Före inträdet i den andra kammaren värmeväxlas gasen till under smältpunkten för CaCl2, men över daggpunkten för H20 i gasen, varigenom gynnsamma betingelser för bildning av CaCl2 skapas. Den i det första steget kalcinerade stycke- formiga kalkstensprodukten bibehåller sin styckeform och är nu porös.Prior to entering the second chamber, the gas is heat exchanged below the melting point of CaCl2, but above the dew point of H2 O in the gas, thereby creating favorable conditions for the formation of CaCl2. The piece-shaped limestone product calcined in the first step retains its piece shape and is now porous.

Anordningen för genomförande av sättet enligt uppfinningen omfattar enligt ett föredraget utförande en första reak- tionskammare, innefattande en gastät inmatningsanordning för styckeformig kalk, lämpligen kalksten, en gastät ut- matningsanordning för helt eller delvis kalcinerad kalk- sten, en gastillförselanordning vid kammarens botten samt ett gasutlopp vid kammarens topp, en värmeväxlare för gas från nämnda första kammare, en andra reaktions- 452 560 kammare innefattande en inmatningsanordning för i den första reaktionskammaren helt eller delvis kalcinerad kalksten, en gastillförselanordning vid kammarens botten samt ett övre gasutlopp, samt en anordning för transport av kalk från den första till den andra reaktionskammaren.The device for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises, according to a preferred embodiment, a first reaction chamber, comprising a gas-tight feed device for piece-shaped lime, suitably limestone, a gas-tight feed device for fully or partially calcined limestone, a gas supply device at the bottom of the chamber and a gas outlet at the top of the chamber, a gas heat exchanger from said first chamber, a second reaction chamber comprising a feed device for limestone wholly or partly calcined in the first reaction chamber, a gas supply device at the bottom of the chamber and an upper gas outlet, and a of lime from the first to the second reaction chamber.

Enligt en lämplig utföringsform av anordningen utgörs ut- matningsanordningen av ett i respektive kammares botten anordnat roterande utmatningsbord.According to a suitable embodiment of the device, the discharge device consists of a rotating discharge table arranged in the bottom of each chamber.

Ett föredraget utförande av uppfinningen kommer att be- skrivas nedan i anslutning till bifogade ritning, på vil- ken figuren visar en anordning för genomförande av kombi- nerad rening av en gas innehållande saväl tunga kol- väten som klorinnehàllande föreningar.A preferred embodiment of the invention will be described below in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which the figure shows a device for carrying out combined purification of a gas containing both heavy hydrocarbons and chlorine-containing compounds.

I figuren visas således ett första schakt l innehållande en kalkstensfyllning 2, vilken inmatas i schaktet genom en gastät slussanordning 3. Gas från exempelvis en sop- förgasningsanläggning inmatas genom ett gasinlopp 4 vid schaktets botten och avdrages efter passage genom fyll- ningen genom ett gasutlopp 5 vid schaktets topp. I schak- tets botten är anordnat ett utmatningsbord 6 eller mot- svarande för utmatning av helt eller delvis kalcinerad kalksten genom en gastät slussanordning 7.The figure thus shows a first shaft 1 containing a limestone filling 2, which is fed into the shaft through a gas-tight lock device 3. Gas from, for example, a waste gasification plant is fed through a gas inlet 4 at the bottom of the shaft and withdrawn after passage through the filling through a gas outlet 5. at the top of the shaft. At the bottom of the shaft, a discharge table 6 or the like is arranged for discharging fully or partially calcined limestone through a gas-tight lock device 7.

Vid behov kan gasen före inträdet i schaktet förvärmas genom energitillförsel medelst plasmagenerator.If necessary, the gas can be preheated before entering the shaft by supplying energy by means of a plasma generator.

Den utmatade, helt eller delvis kalcinerade kalkstenen transporteras därefter på transportband eller liknande, pà figuren antytt med ledningen 8, till ett andra med 9 betecknat schakt. Den kalcinerade kalkstenen matas in i nämnda schakt genom en gastät slussanordning 10 och bil- 452 560 dar en fyllning ll.The discharged, fully or partially calcined limestone is then transported on conveyor belts or the like, in the figure indicated by the line 8, to a second shaft marked with 9. The calcined limestone is fed into said shaft by a gas-tight lock device 10 and forms a filling 11.

Den fràn schaktet 1 utmatade gasen matas genom en ledning 12 till en värmeväxlare 13 och värmeväxlas företrädesvis med luft, varigenom gasens fysiska värme kan tas tillvara för utnyttjande vid tidigare processteg eller för andra ändamâl.Gasen leds därefter genom ledningen 14 till ett nedre gasinlopp 15 i det andra schaktet och leds genom fyllningen 11 för att sedan avdragas genom ett vid schak- tets 9 topp beläget gasutlopp 16. I schaktets botten är anordnat ett utmatningsbord eller liknande 17 för utmat- ning av den vid klorreningen bildade produkten genom en gastät slussanordning 18.The gas discharged from the shaft 1 is fed through a line 12 to a heat exchanger 13 and is preferably heat exchanged with air, whereby the physical heat of the gas can be utilized for use in previous process steps or for other purposes. The gas is then led through the line 14 to a lower gas inlet 15 in the second shaft and is passed through the filling 11 to then be drawn off through a gas outlet 16 located at the top of the shaft 9.

Gasen som inleds i botten av det första schaktet uppvisar en temperatur överstigande 800°C. Energiinnehàllet i gasen kan ökas godtyckligt genom ytterligare uppvärmning medelst plasmagenerator. Vid dessa temperaturer kalcine- ras kalksten under bildning av CaO + C02. Gasens innehåll av tunga kolväten, såsom tjäror och liknande spjälkas med hjälp av H20 och/eller C02 som katalysator, och gasen kommer att lämna schaktet fri från dessa föroreningar.The gas initiated at the bottom of the first shaft has a temperature in excess of 800 ° C. The energy content of the gas can be increased arbitrarily by further heating by means of a plasma generator. At these temperatures, limestone is calcined to form CaO + CO2. The gas's content of heavy hydrocarbons, such as tar and the like, is decomposed using H 2 O and / or CO 2 as catalyst, and the gas will leave the shaft free of these pollutants.

Beroende på den gastemperatur som föreligger, d.v.s. i beroende av den process från vilken gasen härstammar, väljes kalkstenskvalitet. Olika typer av kalksten kal- cinerar vid olika temperaturer inom det ovannämnda inter- vallet. I detta första steg fungerar kalken således endast som katalysator vid spjälkningen och pâverkas icke av gasens kemiska sammansättning. Den utmatade kal- cinerade produkten uppvisar således också styckeform men är nu porös. _ Sedan tjärorna eller de tunga kolvätena i gasen avlägsnats kan gasen utan problem värmeväxlas. Företrädesvis värme- växlas gasen med kall luft och den värmda luften kan sedan utnyttjas i t.ex. en föregående sopdestruktionsprocess. 452 560 Den kalcinerade kalkstenen transporteras sålunda vidare till det andra schaktet och bildar i detta en fyllning, som utnyttjas för rening av gasen fràn innehàllna klor- föreningar och/eller klor. Härvid sker t.ex. reaktionen CaO + 2HC1 till bildning av CaCl2. Denna reaktion bör ske under smältpunkten för CaCl2 i föreliggande form.Depending on the gas temperature present, i.e. depending on the process from which the gas originates, limestone quality is selected. Different types of limestone calcine at different temperatures within the above range. In this first step, the lime thus acts only as a catalyst during the decomposition and is not affected by the chemical composition of the gas. The discharged calcined product thus also has a piece shape but is now porous. After the tar or heavy hydrocarbons in the gas have been removed, the gas can be heat exchanged without any problems. Preferably, the gas is heat exchanged with cold air and the heated air can then be used in e.g. a previous garbage destruction process. 452 560 The calcined limestone is thus transported to the second shaft and forms in it a filling, which is used for purifying the gas from contained chlorine compounds and / or chlorine. In this case, e.g. the reaction CaO + 2HCl to form CaCl2. This reaction should occur below the melting point of CaCl 2 in the present form.

Den avgående gasen är därmed i huvudsak tjär- och klor- fri och kan användas som bränn- eller syntesgas i be- roende av sin övriga sammansättning.The exhaust gas is thus essentially tar- and chlorine-free and can be used as a combustion or synthesis gas depending on its other composition.

Genom uppfinningen uppnås sålunda en rad fördelar och de olika delstegen kompletterar varandra så, att efterföl- jande steg kan genomföras samtidigt som ett optimalt energiutnyttjande uppnås. Gasens fysiska energi från tidigare processteg utnyttjas. Gasens fysiska energi efter det första steget reduceras genom värmeväxling för att sänka gasens temperatur till en för klorrening lämp- lig temperatur. Genom att gasen är tjärfri kan värmeväx- línga1genomföras utan att värmeväxlaren sätts igen. Dess- utom undvikes att kalkstenen i det andra schaktet föro- IenäS .The invention thus achieves a number of advantages and the various sub-steps complement each other so that subsequent steps can be carried out at the same time as an optimal energy utilization is achieved. The physical energy of the gas from previous process steps is utilized. The physical energy of the gas after the first step is reduced by heat exchange to lower the temperature of the gas to a temperature suitable for chlorine purification. Because the gas is tar-free, heat exchange can be carried out without the heat exchanger being clogged. In addition, the limestone in the second shaft is avoided.

Det från det andra schaktet utmatade materialet är en blandning av CaO + CaCl2, vilken produkt i princip kan användas som t.ex. vägsalt.The material discharged from the second shaft is a mixture of CaO + CaCl2, which product can in principle be used as e.g. road salt.

Claims (6)

452 560 P a t e n t k r a v452 560 P a t e n t k r a v 1. Sätt att avlägsna föroreningar i form av tunga kolväten såsom tjäror, och klor och/eller klorföre- ningar från en gas innehållande bl.a. CO, H2, C02, H20, CH4 och/eller N2, k ä n n e t e c k n a t av att förorenad gas med en temperatur av minst ca. 800°C leds genom en första reaktionskammare innehållande en fyllning av styckeformig kalk för sönderdelning av tyngre kolväteföreningar, att den sålunda renade gasen avdrages och värmeväxlas till en temperatur understigan- de smältpunkten för CaCl2, att helt eller delvis kalci- nerad kalk uttages ur nämnda första reaktionskammare och inmatas i en andra reaktionskammare till bildning av en fyllning och att den värmeväxlade och från kol- väten befriade gasen leds genom nämnda fyllning av helt eller delvis kalcinerad kalk för reaktion mellan klor och Ca0 till bildning av CaC12, varigenom erhålles en väsentligen kolväte- och klorfri gas.A method of removing pollutants in the form of heavy hydrocarbons such as tar, and chlorine and / or chlorine compounds from a gas containing e.g. CO, H2, CO2, H2O, CH4 and / or N2, are characterized by polluted gas with a temperature of at least approx. 800 ° C is passed through a first reaction chamber containing a filling of piece-shaped lime for decomposition of heavier hydrocarbon compounds, that the gas thus purified is extracted and heat exchanged to a temperature below the melting point of CaCl reaction chamber and fed into a second reaction chamber to form a charge and that the heat exchanged and hydrocarbon-free gas is passed through said charge of wholly or partly calcined lime to react between chlorine and CaO to form CaCl and chlorine-free gas. 2. Sätt enligt krav 1, k ä n n e t e c k n a t av att gasen förvärmes med plasmagenerator före inträdet i den första reaktionskammaren.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas is preheated with a plasma generator before entering the first reaction chamber. 3. Sättenligtkravl,kännetecknat av att gasen värmeväxlas till en temperatur under smält- punkten för CaCl2.Process according to Claim 2, characterized in that the gas is heat exchanged to a temperature below the melting point of CaCl 2. 4. Sätt enligt krav l, k ä n n e t e c k n a t av att kalk med en styckestorlek av 40 - 60 mm användes-4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that lime with a piece size of 40 - 60 mm is used. 5. Anordning för avlägsnande av föroreningar i form av tunga kolväten och klor och/eller klorföreningar 20, CH4 och/eller N2 enligt krav l, k ä n n e t e c k n a d ur en gas innehållande bl.a. CO, H2, C02, H av en första reaktionskammare (1) innehållande en .a 452 560 fyllning (2) av styckeformig kalksten med en vid botten anordnad gastillförselanordning (4), ett övre gasutlopp (5), en vid toppen anordnad, gastät tillförselanordning (3) för kalksten samt en nedre utmatningsanordning (6) för kalcinerad kalksten, en andra reaktionskammare (9) innehållande en fyllning (ll) av helt eller delvis kal- cinerad kalksten med en nedre gastillförselanordning (15), ett övre gasutlopp (16), en övre gastät slussanordning (10) för tillförsel av helt eller delvis kalcinerad kalk- sten, en nedre gastät utmatningsanordning (17, 18), samt en värmeväxlare (13) för den från den första reaktions- kammaren kommande gasen.Device for removing pollutants in the form of heavy hydrocarbons and chlorine and / or chlorine compounds 20, CH4 and / or N2 according to claim 1, characterized by a gas containing e.g. CO, H 2, CO 2, H of a first reaction chamber (1) containing a 452,560 piece (2) of piece-shaped limestone with a gas supply device (4) arranged at the bottom, an upper gas outlet (5), a gas-tight limestone supply device (3) and a lower calcined limestone discharge device (6), a second reaction chamber (9) containing a filling (II) of fully or partially calcined limestone with a lower gas supply device (15), an upper gas outlet (16) ), an upper gas-tight sluice device (10) for supplying fully or partially calcined limestone, a lower gas-tight discharge device (17, 18), and a heat exchanger (13) for the gas coming from the first reaction chamber. 6. Anordning enligt krav 5, k ä n n e t e c k n a d av att utmatningsanordningarna (7, 18) innefattar ro- terande utmatningsbord (6, 17). 1Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the discharge devices (7, 18) comprise rotating discharge tables (6, 17). 1
SE8500755A 1985-02-15 1985-02-15 Domestic and industrial waste disposal SE452560B (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8500755A SE452560B (en) 1985-02-15 1985-02-15 Domestic and industrial waste disposal
SE8502165A SE453776B (en) 1985-02-15 1985-05-03 WANTED TO DISPOSE WASTE FOR THE formation of a leaching-resistant slag and a gas containing only H? 712 AND CO AS FLAMMABLE INGREDIENTS
DE19863611429 DE3611429A1 (en) 1985-02-15 1986-04-05 WASTE DECOMPOSITION METHOD
NL8600881A NL8600881A (en) 1985-02-15 1986-04-08 WASTE DESTRUCTION.
US06/849,656 US4718362A (en) 1985-02-15 1986-04-09 Waste destruction
GB08608887A GB2174691B (en) 1985-02-15 1986-04-11 Waste destruction
FR868606183A FR2581380B1 (en) 1985-02-15 1986-04-29 WASTE DESTRUCTION
BE0/216608A BE904705A (en) 1985-02-15 1986-04-30 DESTRUCTION OF WASTE.

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SE8500755A SE452560B (en) 1985-02-15 1985-02-15 Domestic and industrial waste disposal

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SE8502165A SE453776B (en) 1985-02-15 1985-05-03 WANTED TO DISPOSE WASTE FOR THE formation of a leaching-resistant slag and a gas containing only H? 712 AND CO AS FLAMMABLE INGREDIENTS

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989008810A1 (en) * 1988-03-16 1989-09-21 ABB Fläkt Aktiebolag Method and installation for recovering energy in metallurgical processes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989008810A1 (en) * 1988-03-16 1989-09-21 ABB Fläkt Aktiebolag Method and installation for recovering energy in metallurgical processes
AU616501B2 (en) * 1988-03-16 1991-10-31 Flakt A.B. Method and installation for recovering energy in metallurgical processes

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SE8500755L (en) 1986-08-16
SE8502165L (en) 1986-08-16
SE8500755D0 (en) 1985-02-15
SE8502165D0 (en) 1985-05-03
SE453776B (en) 1988-02-29

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