SE413797B - PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A LASERY GAS MIXTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE, NITROGEN AND WHEAT - Google Patents

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A LASERY GAS MIXTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE, NITROGEN AND WHEAT

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Publication number
SE413797B
SE413797B SE7810332A SE7810332A SE413797B SE 413797 B SE413797 B SE 413797B SE 7810332 A SE7810332 A SE 7810332A SE 7810332 A SE7810332 A SE 7810332A SE 413797 B SE413797 B SE 413797B
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SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
valves
dumping
condensers
valve
steam
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Application number
SE7810332A
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Swedish (sv)
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SE7810332L (en
Inventor
R Persson
Original Assignee
Stal Laval Turbin Ab
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Publication date
Application filed by Stal Laval Turbin Ab filed Critical Stal Laval Turbin Ab
Priority to SE7810332A priority Critical patent/SE413797B/en
Publication of SE7810332L publication Critical patent/SE7810332L/en
Publication of SE413797B publication Critical patent/SE413797B/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
    • F01K9/04—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines with dump valves to by-pass stages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/095—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using chemical or thermal pumping
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/22—Gases
    • H01S3/223—Gases the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing two or more atoms
    • H01S3/2232—Carbon dioxide (CO2) or monoxide [CO]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Description

_7s1oss2-2 2 10 15 25 30 35 Sådana lösningar är emellertid ofta dyra., varför det skulle väraönskvärt att kunna dumpa ångan till befintliga kondensorer. I ovannämnda. fall med två turbiner med olika. expansionsgrad och två kondensorer med olika tryck innebär detta vissa problem. I Om dumpningen sker då. turbirxens generator är ansluten till ett nät och in- fasad på detta måste det säkras att båda turbinens delar genomströmmas av en viss liten ånga. för att säkra erforderlig lqrlning av skovlarxxa.. vid felaktig tryckfördelning mellan kondensorerrxa kan man riskera att trycket i någon av dessa stiger så högt på grund av dvmpningen av ånga., att Ångström- men i en turbin bromsas upp, varvid skovlarna. kan förstöras. However, such solutions are often expensive, so it would be desirable to be able to dump the steam into existing condensers. In the above. case with two turbines with different. degree of expansion and two capacitors with different pressures, this poses some problems. I If the dumping takes place then. the turbirx's generator is connected to a network and phased in on this, it must be ensured that both parts of the turbine are traversed by a certain small amount of steam. In order to ensure the required flow of the vane shaft. in the event of incorrect pressure distribution between the condenser tube, there is a risk that the pressure in one of these rises so high due to the damping of steam that the steam flow in a turbine is slowed down, whereby the blades can be destroyed.

Vid dumpning vid lågt varvtal, _ exempelvis under uppkörning av en redan varm g turbin, kan felaktig tryckfördelning mellan kondensorenxa medföra en cirkula- tionsström genom hirbinerma, vilket kan medföra en mycket snabb avkylning av de varmaste skovlazna med därav följande risk för haveri.Dumping at low speeds, for example during the operation of an already hot turbine, incorrect pressure distribution between the condenser axes can lead to a circulating flow through the turbines, which can lead to a very rapid cooling of the hottest vanes with a consequent risk of breakdown.

Föreliggande üppfiamixag avser 'ett system av dumpningsventiler enligt bifogade patentkrav, varvid- ovannämnda. risker förebyggas och uppfinningen skall närmare besln-ivas under hänvisning till bifogade ritning, som visar en ångkzraftanläïggfi ning enligt uppfinningen. ' Anläggningen omfattar en ângpanna 1 med överhettare 2, varifrån ångan leds till en högtryoksturbin 3. Härifrån går ångan genom en mellanöverhettare 4 till 'en dubbel mottrycksturbin 5, 6. Tvi-binerzxa driver en elektrisk generator 14. På. ingången till turbinerna finns regler- och snabbstängxzingsventiler 7, 8.The present invention relates to a system of dumping valves according to the appended claims, wherein the above. risks are prevented and the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows a steam power plant according to the invention. The plant comprises a steam boiler 1 with superheater 2, from where the steam is led to a high-pressure turbine 3. From here the steam goes through an intermediate superheater 4 to a double counter-pressure turbine 5, 6. The two-binerzxa drives an electric generator 14. On. the inlet to the turbines are control and quick shut-off valves 7, 8.

Vidare är ångpannan försedd med en eller flera säkerhetsventiler 9. Piottryoks- twirbirxerna 5 och 6 är på. avgångssidan anslutna till motsvarande kondensorer 10, 11 som ingår i en värmekrets 12, 15, exempelvis för en fjärrvämeazxlägg- ning eller 'en industri. Parallellt med högtrycksturbinen 3 och dess reglerventil 7 firms en by:pa¿_ss-ventil_2¶). Denna. baren inbyggd _së.kerhetsfnnlction så, att den öppnar om ventilen 7 stängs medan ångpaxman 1 ligger på. högt tryck. På så vis kommer även mellanöverhettaren att genomströmmas av ånga' om säkerhetsven- tilen öppnar. kan som nämnts vara avsedd för ett kraftvärmeverk eller lihzande, varvid ångpazman kan vara en genomstrëunzingspaxma eller annan typ _a.v panna för större effekter. Vidare kan en lågtryckstxzrbin vara inkopplad efter mot- tryoksturbinen 5, 6 och anordnad på sauna axel som denna, varvid regler- ventiler styr ângfördelningen mellan lågtrycksturbinen och kondensorerna. 10, 11.Furthermore, the steam boiler is equipped with one or more safety valves 9. The Piottryox twirbirxes 5 and 6 are on. the outlet side connected to the corresponding condensers 10, 11 which are included in a heating circuit 12, 15, for example for a district heating installation or an industry. In parallel with the high pressure turbine 3 and its control valve 7 there is a village: pa¿_ss-valve_2¶). This. the bar has a built-in safety function so that it opens if the valve 7 is closed while the steam packer 1 is on. high pressure. In this way, the intermediate superheater will also be permeated by steam if the safety valve opens. may, as mentioned, be intended for a cogeneration plant or lihzande, whereby the vapor phase may be a permeation phase or other type _a.v boiler for greater effects. Furthermore, a low-pressure turbine can be connected to the counter-pressure turbine 5, 6 and arranged on a sauna shaft such as this, control valves controlling the steam distribution between the low-pressure turbine and the condensers. 10, 11.

Mottryoksturbinen kan som visat bestå. av två skilda turbiner 5, 6 med gemen- sam ingång och skilda avgångar med olika expansionsgrad ooh därmed olika 10 15 20 25 30 7810332-2 avgångstryczs.. En annan möjlighet är att mottzycksturbinen består av någon form av avtappningsturbin, exempelvis enligt engelskt patent 1 364 108 (KN 3795). Det väsentliga är detta att mottryoksturbinen består av två delar 5, 6 med skilda kondensorer 10, 11 med olika. tryck. vid lastbortfall eller snabba minskningar av lasten är det ofta inte möj- ligt att reglera ned ångpannan lika fort på grund av dess större värme- kapacitet. Det blir därför ett överskott av ånga som måste tas om hand. I mindre anläggningar later man helt enkelt överskottsångan blåsa ut genom säkerhetsventilen men 'på stora anläggningar är detta, som nämnts olämpligt, varför man i stället försöker dumpa ångan till lälnplig trycknivå föratt skona säkerhetsventilenza ooh för att ta till vara ångans energi.The reciprocating turbine can last as shown. of two different turbines 5, 6 with a common input and different departures with different degrees of expansion and thus different departure pressures. Another possibility is that the reciprocating turbine consists of some form of drainage turbine, for example according to English patent 1 364 108 (KN 3795). The essential thing is that the counter-pressure turbine consists of two parts 5, 6 with different capacitors 10, 11 with different ones. print. in the event of load loss or rapid reductions in the load, it is often not possible to regulate the steam boiler as quickly due to its greater heat capacity. There will therefore be an excess of steam that must be taken care of. In smaller plants, the excess steam is simply blown out through the safety valve, but in large plants this is, as mentioned, unsuitable, which is why they instead try to dump the steam to a suitable pressure level in order to spare the safety valve and to take advantage of the steam's energy.

För att undvika en särskild dumpningskondensor, som är dyr, föreslås det som nämnts enligt uppfinningen att dumpa till de befintliga värmekondenso- rama 10, 11 och för detta ändamål finns det ett system av dumpningsventiler 15-18! Funktionen av dessa är beroende av om turbinen går i normaldrift med fullt varvtal och generatorn 14 synkront infasad till ett tillhörande växelströms- nät eller omanläggningen är under uppköming. I det första fallet måste man räkna med att turbinen fortsätter att köra synkront, åtminstone en tid efter lastreduktionen, i det senare fallet kan varvtalet styras ned utan vidare.In order to avoid a special dumping condenser, which is expensive, it is proposed as mentioned according to the invention to dump to the existing heat condensers 10, 11 and for this purpose there is a system of dumping valves 15-18! The function of these depends on whether the turbine is running at normal speed at full speed and the generator 14 is phased in synchronously to an associated AC network or the system is under operation. In the first case it must be assumed that the turbine continues to run synchronously, at least some time after the load reduction, in the latter case the speed can be controlled down without further ado.

I det första fallet måste det sâllcras en viss ström avfânga genom båda delarna av turbinen 5, 6 för att få. erforderlig kylning av skovlarna. Av denna an- i ledning måste ångmängden som dumpas till värmekondensorn 11 med det högre trycket hållas lägre än till lcondensorn 10 med det lägre trycket ooh detta säkras genom att ventilarean till kondensorn 10 är större än till 11.In the first case, a certain current must be intercepted through both parts of the turbine 5, 6 to get. required cooling of the blades. For this reason, the amount of steam dumped to the higher pressure heat condenser 11 must be kept lower than to the lower pressure condenser 10 and this is ensured by the valve area of the condenser 10 being greater than 11.

I figuren har detta gjorts på. det sättet att dumpningen sker över tre åtmins- tone i huvudsak lika ventiler 16-18 som styrs parallellt och varav 16 leder till kondensorn 11, medan 17 och 18 är parallellt anslutna till 10. För tryck- reduktion är ventilerna seriekopplade med drosselskivor 19.In the figure, this has been done on. the way that the dumping takes place over three at least substantially equal valves 16-18 which are controlled in parallel and of which 16 lead to the condenser 11, while 17 and 18 are connected in parallel to 10. For pressure reduction, the valves are connected in series with choke discs 19.

På. så. vis blir ångmängden till kondensorn 10 dubbelt så stor som till kon- 'densom 11, vilket dock bara skall ses som en enkel och praktisk utformning.On. so. In this way, the amount of steam to the condenser 10 becomes twice as large as to the condenser 11, which, however, should only be seen as a simple and practical design.

Samma effekt skulle i huvudsak uppnås om ventilerna 17 och 18 ersattes av en enda ventil, som var väsentligt större än ventilen 16 eller om ventilen till 10 var avsedd att öppna mera än ventilen till 11.The same effect would essentially be achieved if the valves 17 and 18 were replaced by a single valve which was substantially larger than the valve 16 or if the valve to 10 was intended to open more than the valve to 11.

Claims (7)

10 15 n __7s1ozs2-2 e 4 I detta fall skall utjämningsventilen 15 vara stangd för att separera konden- sorerna 10 och 11 från varandra. Under uppkörning däremot då. turbinvarvtalet är lågt skall ventilen 15 vara. öppen vid dumpning för att säkra samma tryck i kondensorerna. En tryck- skillnad mellan dessa skulle nämligen i detta fall kunna. medföra en utjäm- ningsström av ånga genom turbinerna, vilket kan medföra en alltför snabb avlqrlzzing av de heta skovlarna vid ingångssidan med därav följande risk för haveri . Enklast styrs ventilemadärför på. så sätt att ventilen 15 hålls öppen under uppkörning ochïstängs i samband med infasningen av generatorn 14, medan ven- tilema 16-18 vid dumpning styrs av ett gemensamt manöverorgan, varvid lämplig fördelning av šngströmmen mellan kondensorerna erhålles. Vid styrningen av ventilerna 15-18 måste för övrigt beaktas, att det kan före- komma. fall då. dumpning inte kan tillåtas eller endast tillåtas i begränsad omfattning, nämligen om trycket i den ena eller båda kondensorerna 10, 11 är så. stort, att genomströmning av lqvlånga i' någon av turbinerna äventyras. I ett sådant fall måste' alltså. öppningen av ventilerna 16-18 begränsas eller eventuellt förhindras och man får acceptera att säkerhetsventilerne. eventuellt kommer att blåsa. PATENTKEIAV10 15 n __7s1ozs2-2 e 4 In this case, the equalization valve 15 must be closed to separate the capacitors 10 and 11 from each other. During driving up, however, then. turbine speed is low, valve 15 should be. open during dumping to ensure the same pressure in the condensers. A pressure difference between these could in this case. cause an equalization flow of steam through the turbines, which can lead to a too rapid discharge of the hot blades at the inlet side with the consequent risk of breakdown. The easiest way to control the valve is to. in such a way that the valve 15 is kept open during running-up and closed in connection with the phasing in of the generator 14, while the valves 16-18 are dumped by a common actuator, whereby a suitable distribution of the current between the condensers is obtained. When controlling the valves 15-18, it must also be taken into account that this may occur. fall then. dumping can not be allowed or only allowed to a limited extent, namely if the pressure in one or both condensers 10, 11 is so. large, that the flow of life in one of the turbines is compromised. In such a case, therefore. the opening of the valves 16-18 is limited or possibly prevented and you must accept that the safety valves. possibly will blow. PATENTKEIAV 1. Ängkraftaixläggrzing omfattande en ångpaxma. (1) och en osymmetrisk dubbel- turbin (5, 6), vars två. delar har gemensam ingångssida och är utformade med olika expansionsgrad och med var sin avgångssida, anslutna till var sin kon- densor (10, 11), k ä n n e t e c k n a d därav, att för dumpning av ånga från ångpazuzan till nämnda kondensorer ångpazznans avgångssida är ansluten till dessaykondensorer över motsvarande dumpningsventiler (1-6-718) samtidigt som en tryckutjämningsventil (15) är insatt mellan kondensorerna.Vapor power supply comprising a steam pack. (1) and an asymmetrical twin turbine (5, 6), the two of which. parts have a common input side and are designed with different degrees of expansion and with each departure side, connected to separate condenser (10, 11), characterized in that for dumping steam from the steam pass to the said condensers the departure side of the steam pass is connected to the condensers. over the corresponding dumping valves (1-6-718) at the same time as a pressure equalization valve (15) is inserted between the condensers. 2. Anläggning enligt patentkrav 1, k ä. n n e t e c k n a d därav, att nämnas tryekutjëmningsventii (15) är moranaa ett hånas öppen vid lägre turbinvarvtal, medan den är stängd vid turbinens synlczrona varvtal.Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure equalization valve (15) is mentioned, the moraine is a mock open at lower turbine speeds, while it is closed at the synchronous speeds of the turbine. 3. 5. Anläggning enligt patentkrav 1, k ä n n e t e c k n a d därav, att nämnda dumpningsventiler (16-18) är avsedda att ge störst flöde till konden- som (10) för turbinen (5) med störst expansionsgrad. iii-. - . 7810332f2Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that said dumping valves (16-18) are intended to provide the greatest flow to the condensate (10) for the turbine (5) with the highest degree of expansion. iii-. -. 7810332f2 4. Anläggning enligt patentkrav 5, V ä. n n e t e c k n a. de därav, att dumpningsventilen (17, 18) för nämnda kondensor (10) är större än dumpnings- ventilen (16) till den andra kondensom (11).A plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the dumping valve (17, 18) for said condenser (10) is larger than the dumping valve (16) of the second condenser (11). 5. Axaläggrzing enligt patentkrav 5, k ä. n n e t e c k n a. d därav, att ångpanrzan (1) är ansluten till kondensorerna. (10, 11) över tre i huvudsak lika dumpningaventiler, av vilka. de två (17, 18) leder till kondensorn (10) för högst expanaionsgrad (lägst tzyckfl medan den tredje (16) leder till kondensom (11) för den lägre expansionsgraden (högre tryck).Axial bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that the steam panel (1) is connected to the condensers. (10, 11) over three substantially identical dumping valves, of which. the two (17, 18) lead to the condenser (10) for the highest degree of expansion (lowest pressure fl while the third (16) leads to the condenser (11) for the lower degree of expansion (higher pressure). 6. Anläggning enligt patentkrav 5, k ä n n e t e c k n a d därav; att nämnda tre dumpningsvantiler (1648) styrs med i huvudsak lika. öppningsgrad. \Plant according to claim 5, characterized in that; that said three dumping valves (1648) are controlled by substantially equal. degree of opening. \ 7. Anläggning enligt patentlæav 4 eller 5, k ä. n n e t e c k n a d därav, att areeselskivor (19) är insatta mellan nämnda aumpningsventiler (1648) och kondensorerna (10, 11).7. A plant according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that aresel disks (19) are inserted between said pumping valves (1648) and the condensers (10, 11).
SE7810332A 1978-10-03 1978-10-03 PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A LASERY GAS MIXTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE, NITROGEN AND WHEAT SE413797B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7810332A SE413797B (en) 1978-10-03 1978-10-03 PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A LASERY GAS MIXTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE, NITROGEN AND WHEAT

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7810332A SE413797B (en) 1978-10-03 1978-10-03 PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A LASERY GAS MIXTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE, NITROGEN AND WHEAT

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SE7810332L SE7810332L (en) 1980-04-04
SE413797B true SE413797B (en) 1980-06-23

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