SE176357C1 - - Google Patents
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- SE176357C1 SE176357C1 SE176357DA SE176357C1 SE 176357 C1 SE176357 C1 SE 176357C1 SE 176357D A SE176357D A SE 176357DA SE 176357 C1 SE176357 C1 SE 176357C1
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Description
Uppfinnare: F F A Braconier och JJLE Riga Uppfinningen hanfOr sig till ugnar for varmebehandling av kolvdten och sarskilt till ugnar for framstallning av omattade kolvaten, dvs. acetylen och olefiner, sasom etylen. Inventors: F F A Braconier and JJLE Riga The invention relates to furnaces for heat treatment of the piston and in particular to furnaces for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons, ie. acetylene and olefins, such as ethylene.
Dessa omattade kolvaten kunna som kant framstallas genom att mera mattade kolvaten under mycket kort tid upphettas till hoga temperaturer, antingen i gasfas eller i form av finfordelade vatskor. For detta andamal kan kolvateutgangsmaterialet delvis fOrbrannas eller inledas i heta forbranningsgaser. Olika for dessa Andamal redan foreslagna ugnar ha olika nackdelar, sasom avbrott vid framstallningen, beroende pa avlagring av kol pa pyrolyskammarens vaggar hos ugnen. Kolaylagringarna maste gang efter annan avlagsnas for att sakerstalla en kontinuerlig och saker drift for ugnen och ett hogt utbyte av omatta.de kolvdten. Vidare har det visat sig, att helt eller delvis av eldfast material byggda ugnar efter en viss tid uppvisa lackor. A andra sidan kan ocksa anvandning av metaller ha vissa nackdelar, dã detta byggnadsmaterial utvidgar sig vid uppvdrmning och (la som byggnadsmaterial anvdnd metall kan utova joke onskade katalytiska effekter. These unsaturated hydrocarbons can be produced as an edge by heating more matted hydrocarbons to a high temperature for a very short time, either in the gas phase or in the form of finely divided water shoes. For this purpose, the hydrocarbon feedstock may be partially combusted or initiated in hot combustion gases. Different furnaces already proposed for these purposes have different disadvantages, such as interruptions in production, depending on the deposition of carbon on the cradles of the pyrolysis chamber of the furnace. The coal deposits must be removed time and time again to ensure continuous and continuous operation of the furnace and a high yield of the omatta.de piston. Furthermore, it has been found that furnaces built wholly or partly of refractory material after a certain time show varnishes. On the other hand, the use of metals can also have certain disadvantages, as this building material expands when heated and (as a building material used metal can exert desired catalytic effects.
Uppfinningen avser ett satt att kontinuerligt framstalla omattade kolvaten med saciana betingelser, aft ovan angivna nackdelar undanrOjas och sã att hoga utbyten erhallas. Man har redan fOreslagit att lata vatten flyta la.ngs pyrolyskammarens vaggar men harvid vater vattnet ofta inte belt och hallet pyrolyskammarens innervaggar, sa att kolavlagringszoner pa pyrolyskammarens inre vaggar bildas, om man joke har hoga tryck och hoga genomloppsha.stigheter. The invention relates to a method of continuously producing unsaturated hydrocarbons with saccharine conditions, in order to obviate the above-mentioned disadvantages and so that high yields are obtained. It has already been proposed to allow water to flow along the cradles of the pyrolysis chamber, but in this case the water often does not water and the inner walls of the pyrolysis chamber, so that carbon deposition zones on the inner cradles of the pyrolysis chamber are formed if one has high pressure and high flow rates.
Enligt uppfinningen kannetecknas ett satt fOr drift av en ugn for vdrmebehandling av kolvaten, varvid ugnen innehaller en pyrolyskammare, som i tvarsnitt uppvisar en sluten kurvlinje, och varvid kolvatematerialet delvis forbrannes eller omsattes med heta forbranningsgaser i ovan angivna kammare for framstdllning av omattade kolvdten ddrav, att en i huvudsak kontinuerlig strom av en inert vatska omvirvlas spiralformigt, narmare bestamt i beroring med pyrolyskammarens innervagg, sa att avlagring av kol- och tjarhaltiga produkter pa kammarens vagg forhindras. According to the invention, there is provided a method of operating a furnace for heat treatment of the hydrocarbons, the furnace containing a pyrolysis chamber having a closed curve line in cross section, and the hydrocarbon material being partially combusted or reacted with hot combustion gases in the above chamber to produce carbon dioxide. that a substantially continuous stream of an inert liquid is vortex-shaped, more precisely in contact with the inner cradle of the pyrolysis chamber, so that deposition of carbon and tar-containing products on the cradle of the chamber is prevented.
Uppfinningen avser vidare en ugn fOr varmebehandling av kolvaten, som har en pyrolyskammare, vars tvarsnitt Or en sluten kurva, varvid denna ugn ar sa anordnad, att kolvdten delvis forbrannas eller kunna omsattas med heta forbranningsgaser i ovan angivna kammare, sa att omattade kolvaten bildas, och varvid fordelarorgan finnas anordnade -vid pyrolyskammarens inatande, sa att en i huvudsak kontinuerlig strale av en inert vatska riktas sit att vatskan bildar en spiralformigt, omvirvlande sloja i barking med kammarens innervdgg. The invention further relates to a furnace for heat treatment of the hydrocarbons having a pyrolysis chamber, the cross section of which is a closed curve, this furnace being arranged so that the piston is partially combusted or can be reacted with hot combustion gases in the above chamber, so that unsaturated hydrocarbons are formed. and wherein distributor means are provided at the inlet of the pyrolysis chamber, so that a substantially continuous jet of an inert liquid is directed so that the liquid forms a helical, swirling veil in barking with the inner wall of the chamber.
Cienom anvandning av ovan angivna fordelarorgan i ugnen ersdttas pyrolyszonens fasta och statiska vaggar i praktiken av flytande och dynamiskt rorliga vaggar, som driva med sig de sma kolpartildar, som bildas vid pyrolys av reaktionsblandningen. Samtidigt blir det med vatskeslojan mOjligt att uppratthalla en i huvudsak ofOrandrad pyrolyszon att skydda vaggarna frau reaktionens varmeverkningar och forhindra en katalytisk inverkan pa sjalva reaktionen av kammarvaggarna. Jamfort med andra kanda anordningar och med samma betingelser i pyrolyskammaren Or vatskeslojan homogenare, sit att la.gre tryck och stromningshastigheter kunna anvandas. PA detta satt bliva pyrolyskammarens vaggar icke oskydda.de och man uppnar en hog effekt av den skyddande slojan. Fordelningsorganet bestar lampligen av en ring, som ar fOrsedd med spiralformigt anordnade fordjupningar vilka ldmpligen aro a.nordnade med en vinkel av 45° i forhallande till fordelarringens langdaxel. By using the above-mentioned distributor means in the furnace, the fixed and static cradles of the pyrolysis zone are in practice replaced by floating and dynamically movable cradles, which carry with them the small carbon particles formed during pyrolysis of the reaction mixture. At the same time, with the liquid sludge it becomes possible to maintain a substantially unchanged pyrolysis zone to protect the rocks from the heat effects of the reaction and to prevent a catalytic effect on the actual reaction of the chamber rocks. Compared with other known devices and with the same conditions in the pyrolysis chamber, the liquid sludge is more homogeneous, so that lower pressures and flow rates can be used. In this way, the cradles of the pyrolysis chamber did not become unprotected, and a high effect of the protective veil was achieved. The distributing means suitably consists of a ring which is provided with helically arranged depressions which are preferably arranged at an angle of 45 ° in relation to the longitudinal axis of the distributing ring.
Hastigheten for den virvlande vatskeslbjan skall -vallas, sit att beroringstiden fell' den gas, som underkastas pyrolys, med slOjan dr liten, sit att blott ett litet varmeutbyte mellan gasen och slojan ager rum. Man. bbr darfor forvissa sig om, att slojan biirjar vid pyrolyskammarens inlopp, sit att den senares vagg helt skyddas. Pit sit satt fOrloper pyrolysreaktionen med optimala termiska 2— — betingelser och i ett rum med fastlagd dimension, varvid ett Mgt acetylenutbyte erhalles. The velocity of the swirling liquid sludge must be chosen, so that the contact time falls on the gas which is subjected to pyrolysis, with the sludge there small, it is that only a small heat exchange between the gas and the sludge takes place. MAN. should therefore make sure that the sluice begins at the inlet of the pyrolysis chamber, that the cradle of the latter is completely protected. The pit sit proceeds the pyrolysis reaction with optimal thermal conditions and in a room of fixed dimension, whereby a high acetylene yield is obtained.
Uppfinningen fortydligas av bifogade ritning pa vilken fig. 1 visar en delvis och schematisk bild, deIvis i snitt, av en forsta konstruktiv utforingsform av en ugn for framstallning av acetylen och (eller) etylen genom delvis pyrolys av mattade kolvaten; fig. 2 en delvis och forstorad bild av ett lodratt langssnitt av en detalj pa fig. 1; fig. 3 en schematisk bild av en del av den pa fig. 2 visade detaljen; fig. 4 en mot fig. 1 svarande Mid av en andra konstruktiv utforingsform av ugnen, som hr avsedd att anvandas fit pyrolys av kolvaten genom insprutning av dessa i heta forbrdnningsgaser och fig. 5 en delvis och forstorad Mid, delvis i snitt, av en detalj pa fig. 4. The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a partial and schematic view, partly in section, of a first constructive embodiment of a furnace for the production of acetylene and (or) ethylene by partial pyrolysis of matte hydrocarbons; Fig. 2 is a partial and enlarged view of a vertical longitudinal section of a detail of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a part of the detail shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 shows a Mid corresponding to Fig. 1 of a second constructive embodiment of the furnace, which is intended to be used for pyrolysis of the hydrocarbons by injecting them into hot combustion gases, and Fig. 5 a partially and enlarged Mid, partly in section, of a detail in Fig. 4.
Med hanvisning till fig. 1-3 finnes en fOrdelarring 4 anordnad fOr vatskan, i anslutning till och under en skivformig fordelare 1, for branslet och syret vid forbranningskammarens 3 ovre an-de hos en vertikal cylindrisk pyrolysugn. Referring to Figures 1-3, there is a manifold ring 4 provided for the liquid, adjacent to and below a disc-shaped manifold 1, for the fuel and oxygen at the upper end of the combustion chamber 3 of a vertical cylindrical pyrolysis furnace.
Venturiformade ledningar 2 genomtranga den skivformade fOrdelaren och bilda utlopp for branslet eller syre resp. syrehaltiga gaser och det material, som skall forbrannas, till forbranningskammaren 3 och en ringformig innesluten ledning 6 for vattentillforsel till fordelarringen 4 är utformad i fordelaren 1 runt omkring dennas periferi. Ringen 4 ãr utvandigt forsedd med fordjupningar, vilka enligt fig. 3 aro anordnade spiralformigt. Fig. 3 visor en Mid av en del av ringens 4 yttre yta. Mellan den ringformiga ledningen 6 och de spiralformade fordjupningarna 5 finnes en forbindelse anordnad, som utformats som en ringformig urtagning 7 av V-format tvarshitt mellan ringens 4 yttre vagg och ugnsvaggen, vilket visas pa fig. 2. Ett inloppsror 8 leder in i ringledningen 6 och en sprutanordning 9 for kylvatten finns anordnad nara fOrbra.nningskammarens 3 botten. Slutligen kunna en eller flera kylror 10 anordnas i langsriktningen inuti den skivformade fordelaren 1, vinkelratt mot de venturiformade utloppstippningarna 2. Venturi-shaped lines 2 penetrate the disc-shaped distributor and form outlets for the fuel or oxygen resp. oxygen-containing gases and the material to be combusted to the combustion chamber 3 and an annular enclosed conduit 6 for water supply to the distributor ring 4 are formed in the distributor 1 around its periphery. The ring 4 is externally provided with depressions, which according to Fig. 3 are arranged helically. Fig. 3 shows a Mid of a part of the outer surface of the ring 4. Between the annular conduit 6 and the helical depressions 5 a connection is arranged, which is designed as an annular recess 7 of V-shaped transverse fit between the outer cradle of the ring 4 and the furnace cradle, as shown in Fig. 2. An inlet pipe 8 leads into the annular conduit 6 and a spray device 9 for cooling water is arranged near the bottom of the combustion chamber 3. Finally, one or more cooling pipes 10 can be arranged in the longitudinal direction inside the disc-shaped distributor 1, perpendicular to the venturi-shaped outlet tips 2.
Vid drift av ovan beskrivna ugn intrader det for pyrolys avsedda kolvatet och syre genom ledning 2 i fordelaren 1 in i forbranningskammaren 3. Delvis forbranning av kolvdtet ager rum och de gasformiga reaktionsprodukterna kylas av vattnet, som inledes vinkelratt mot gasriktningen medelst sprutanordningen 9. For att skydda forbranningskammarens 3 vdggar och for att fOrhindra kolavlagringar ph vaggarna inledes vatten under tryck genom inloppsroret 8 i ringledningen 6 och intrader i de spiralformade fordjupningarna i fordelarringen 4 genom den ringformiga slitsen 7. Vattnet slungas genom fOrdjupningarna 5 in i forbranningskammaren 3, sa att en i huvudsak kontinuerlig sloj a Midas, som omvirvlar spiralformigt pa forbranningskammarens innervagg och kommer i beroring med densamma. Slutligen kan, om kylriir 10 finnas anordnade, kylvdtska, sasom vatten under tryck, infOras for att forhindra en overhettning av fordelaren 1. During operation of the furnace described above, the pyrolysis and oxygen for pyrolysis enters through line 2 in the distributor 1 into the combustion chamber 3. Partial combustion of the flask takes place and the gaseous reaction products are cooled by the water, which is initiated perpendicular to the gas direction by spraying device 9. protect the walls of the combustion chamber 3 and to prevent carbon deposits on the rocks, water is introduced under pressure through the inlet pipe 8 in the ring line 6 and enters the helical depressions in the distributor ring 4 through the annular slot 7. The water is forced through the depressions 5 into the combustion chamber 3. mainly continuous veil of Midas, which swirls helically on the inner wall of the combustion chamber and comes into contact with it. Finally, if coolers 10 are provided, coolant such as pressurized water can be introduced to prevent overheating of the manifold 1.
Fig. 4 och 5 visa en annan ugn for pyrolys av kolvaten enligt uppfinningen. Fordelarringen 11 for vatten dr anordnad mellan en forbranningskammare 12 och en pyrolyskammare 13, varvid ringen 11 dr sa anbragt, att den leder vatten pa pyrolyskammarens 13 innerva.ggar 22. En ringformig kylmantel 15 omgiver pyrolyskammaren 13 och en ringformig kylmantel 15a omgiver forbranningskammaren 12. Inloppsroret 14 leder in i mantel 15 och ett inloppsror 16 i manteln 15a, som star i forbindelse med ett utloppsror 17. Ringen 11 dr pa samma satt som ring 4 (fig. 13) anordnad pa sin utsida med spiralformade fordjupningar. En ringformig oppning 21 befinner sig i narheten av innervaggens 22 byre ande for pyrolyskammaren 13 och leder in till de spiralformade fordjupningarna pA ringen 11, varvid spiralformade ledningar 23 mellan vaggen 22 och fOrdjupningarna i ringen 11 finnas. Inloppet 18 fOr det for pyrolys avsedda kolvatet befinner sig ovanfor ringen 11 och en sprutanordning 24 for kylvatten finnes anordnad i narheten av pyrolyskammarens 13 botten. Figures 4 and 5 show another furnace for pyrolysis of the hydrocarbons according to the invention. The distribution ring 11 for water is arranged between a combustion chamber 12 and a pyrolysis chamber 13, the ring 11 being arranged so as to conduct water on the inner walls 22 of the pyrolysis chamber 13. An annular cooling jacket 15 surrounds the pyrolysis chamber 13 and an annular cooling jacket 15a surrounds the combustion chamber 12. The inlet pipe 14 leads into the jacket 15 and an inlet pipe 16 in the jacket 15a, which is connected to an outlet pipe 17. The ring 11 is drawn in the same way as the ring 4 (Fig. 13) arranged on its outside with helical depressions. An annular opening 21 is located near the bearing of the inner cradle 22 for the pyrolysis chamber 13 and leads into the helical depressions on the ring 11, there being helical conduits 23 between the cradle 22 and the depressions in the ring 11. The inlet 18 for the pyrolysis intended for the pyrolysis is located above the ring 11 and a spray device 24 for cooling water is arranged near the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 13.
Vid drift av ovan beskrivna ugn intrada branngas och syre i forbranningskammaren 12 vid 19 resp. 20 och antandas omedelbart. Det fOr pyrolys avsedda kolvatet insprutas vid 18 i den sa erMina heta fbrbranningsgasen och den erhallna blandningen intrader i pyrolyskammaren. Pyrolysen av kolvdtet ager rum och de gasformiga reaktionsprodukterna avkylas snabbt med vatten, som insprutas vinkelratt mot gasriktningen genom sprutanordningen 24. En strOm av kylvatten uppratthalles i den ringformiga manteln 15a, varvid vattnet instrOmmar i manteln genom inloppet 16 och lamnar densamma genom utloppet 17. Samtidigt tillfores genom inloppsrOret 14 vatten till manteln 15. Vattnet strommar genom manteln 15 och oppningen 21 in i ledningarna 23 och slungas fran dessa ledningar ut pa pyrolyskarnmarens innervagg 22 fOr att ddr bilda en i huvudsak kontinuerlig vattensloja, som tacker och skyddar vaggen och virvlar om spiralformigt pa innervaggen 22. During operation of the furnace described above, intrada fire gas and oxygen in the combustion chamber 12 at 19 resp. And ignites immediately. The carbonate intended for pyrolysis is injected at 18 in the so-called hot combustion gas and the resulting mixture enters the pyrolysis chamber. The pyrolysis of the piston takes place and the gaseous reaction products are rapidly cooled with water, which is injected perpendicular to the gas direction through the spray device 24. A stream of cooling water is maintained in the annular jacket 15a, the water flowing into the jacket through the inlet 16 and leaving it simultaneously through the outlet 17. water is supplied through the inlet pipe 14 to the jacket 15. The water flows through the jacket 15 and the opening 21 into the pipes 23 and is thrown from these pipes onto the inner cradle 22 of the pyrolysis core to form a substantially continuous water veil, which thanks and protects the cradle and swirls helically. on the inner cradle 22.
For att ytterligare askadliggora uppfinningen beskrives ett exempel for vardera av ovan beskrivna ugnar: Exempel 1. To further illustrate the invention, an example is described for each of the furnaces described above: Example 1.
Vid detta exempel anvandes den ph fig. 1-3 angivna ugnen och en blandning av 1900 m3/11 ay en koksugnsgasfraktion, som inneholl ung. 85 oh, kolvate med 1-2 kolatomer och 1000 m3/h syre infores genom ledningen 2 has fordelaren 1, varvid gasfraktionen och syret voro forvarmda till en temperatur av ung. 450° C. 2,5 m3/11 vatten tillfores genom roret 8 och fick stromma genom den ringformiga ledningen 6, urtagningen 7 och de spiralformade fordjupningarna 5 i ringen 4. Vattnet bildade pa innersidan ay forbranningskammarens 3 vagg en sloja, som dar och i hero-ring med innervaggen virvlade om spiralformigt. In this example, the furnace indicated in Figs. 1-3 and a mixture of 1900 m 3/11 ay of a coke oven gas fraction containing young was used. 85 oh, carbonate with 1-2 carbon atoms and 1000 m3 / h oxygen is introduced through the line 2 has the distributor 1, whereby the gas fraction and the oxygen were preheated to a temperature of young. 450 ° C. 2.5 m3 / 11 water is supplied through the pipe 8 and was allowed to flow through the annular pipe 6, the recess 7 and the helical depressions 5 in the ring 4. The water formed on the inside of the cradle of the combustion chamber 3 a veil, which there and in hero-ring with the inner cradle swirled about spirally.
Vid den delvisa forbranningsreaktionen erholls 3400 m3/h pyrolysgas, som inneholl 10 kg/h sot. Pyrolysgasen avkyles snabbt genom insprutning — — av vatten vinkelratt mot gasriktningen medelst sprutanordningen 9. Acetylenhalten i pyrolysgasen utgjorde 7,2 %. In the partial combustion reaction, 3400 m3 / h of pyrolysis gas were obtained, which contained 10 kg / h of soot. The pyrolysis gas is rapidly cooled by injecting water perpendicular to the gas direction by means of the spray device 9. The acetylene content of the pyrolysis gas was 7.2%.
Ungefar halften av sotet revs med pyrolysgasen och avlagsnades darifran genom foljande rening medan resten av sotet avldgsnades av det i forbranningskammaren inforda vattnet (innefattande genorn sprutningsanordningen 9 infort vatten). About half of the soot was torn with the pyrolysis gas and removed therefrom by subsequent purification while the rest of the soot was removed by the water introduced into the combustion chamber (including the genorn injector 9 introduced water).
Den pa fig. 1-3 angivna ugnen arbetade kontinuerligt flera veckor och stoppades ddrefter och undersOktes. Pa kammarens vaggar befann sig icke nagra spar av kol- eller tjarliknande avlagringar aven om fobranningskammarens vagg icke var jamn och uppvisade nagra utbuktningar. Det visar sig alltsa, att vattenslojan med sin virvlande spiralformade rorelse icke slits solider av dessa utbuktningar. The furnace shown in Figures 1-3 operated continuously for several weeks and was then stopped and examined. There were no traces of carbon or tar-like deposits on the cradles of the chamber, even though the cradle of the combustion chamber was not smooth and showed no bulges. It thus turns out that the water veil with its swirling helical movement is not torn solidly by these bulges.
Vid ett annat med samma betingelser genomfort forsok men utan vattensltij a maste ugnen stangas efter nagra timmar i och for rengoring av forbranningskammaren. In another experiment carried out with the same conditions but without water, the furnace must be shut down after a few hours in order to clean the combustion chamber.
Exempel 2. Example 2.
Vid detta exempel anvdndes den pa fig. 4 och 5 beskrivna ugnen och man inforde i forbranningskammaren 12 4800 mg/dygn syre och 5200 mg/dygn koksugnsgas, som inneh oil 59 % H2 och 25,5 % metan genom inloppen 19 och 20 och gasen antandes, varvid .,.syret och koksugnsgasen fiirvarmts till 450° C. Overhettad anga med en temperatur av ungefar 1400° C astadkoms clangenom i fOrbranningskammaren och i angan inferdes genom inloppet 18 4070 mg/dygn av en propan-butanblandning, som forvarmts till 350° C, vilken blandning hade foljande sammanshttning: propan 82,3 volymprocent, butan 15,3 volymprocent, buten 2,4 volymprocent. 21 mg/dygn infordes genom inloppsroret 14 i manteln 15, varifran vattnet strommade genom oppningen 21 in i ledningen 23 Mr att dar bilda en spiralformad sloja langs innervaggen 22 hos fOrbranningskammaren 13. Den erhallna pyrolysgasen avkyles snabbt genom att vatten infores vinkelratt mot gasen genom sprutanordningen 24. Det visade sig, att gasen inneholl 9,8 volymprocent acetylen och 11,2 volymprocent etylen (raknat pa torr gas). In this example, the furnace described in Figs. 4 and 5 was used and 4800 mg / day oxygen and 5200 mg / day coke oven gas containing 59% H 2 and 25.5% methane were introduced into the combustion chamber through inlets 19 and 20 and the gas. The oxygen and coke oven gas were preheated to 450 ° C. The superheated steam at a temperature of about 1400 ° C was clanged in the combustion chamber and introduced through the inlet 18 4070 mg / day of a propane-butane mixture which was preheated to 350 ° C. ° C, which mixture had the following composition: propane 82.3% by volume, butane 15.3% by volume, butene 2.4% by volume. 21 mg / day was introduced through the inlet tube 14 into the jacket 15, from which the water flowed through the opening 21 into the conduit 23 to form a helical veil along the inner rock 22 of the combustion chamber 13. The resulting pyrolysis gas is rapidly cooled by introducing water perpendicular to the gas through the syringe arrangement. 24. It was found that the gas contained 9.8% by volume of acetylene and 11.2% by volume of ethylene (calculated on dry gas).
Aven denna ugn holls i drift flera veckor utan att dot var noolvandigt att stoppa den for att rengora pyrolyskammarens innervagg 22 och ugnen anvandes for samtidig framstallning av 2 ton acetylen och 2,5 ton etylen per dygn. This furnace was also kept in operation for several weeks without it being necessary to stop it to clean the inner cradle 22 of the pyrolysis chamber, and the furnace was used for the simultaneous production of 2 tonnes of acetylene and 2.5 tonnes of ethylene per day.
Aven cm oven beskrivna ugnar angivits med vatten som den vatska, som bildar den spiralformade slojan, kunna Oven svarantandbara tunga oljor anvandas i stallet for vatten. Dessa oljor hafta kraftigare On vatten pa ugnens innervaggar och harvid kan man arbeta med hogre temperaturer i ugnen. Vatmedel kunna sattas till vatskan for att minska densammas ytspanning. The furnaces described above have also been indicated with water as the liquid, which forms the spiral-shaped sluice. The heavy-duty heavy oils can also be used in the stable for water. These oils adhere more strongly to water on the inner walls of the oven and you can work with higher temperatures in the oven. Wetting agents can be added to the liquid to reduce its surface tension.
Det ma uttryckligen framhallas, att ovan beskrivna fordelare kan anvandas i andra ugnar On i de bade angivna avbildningarna men ugnens pyrolyskammare skall uppvisa ett slutet kurvformat tvdrsnitt dvs. ringformig, sa. att man uppratthaller en i huvudsak kontinuerlig, dynamisk vatskesloja Over pyrolyskammarens hela yta. It must be explicitly emphasized that the distributors described above can be used in other furnaces On in the two images indicated, but the pyrolysis chamber of the furnace must have a closed curved cross-section, ie. annular, sa. that a substantially continuous, dynamic liquid veil is maintained over the entire surface of the pyrolysis chamber.
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