RU2034937C1 - Method for electrochemical treatment of products - Google Patents
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- RU2034937C1 RU2034937C1 SU4938651A RU2034937C1 RU 2034937 C1 RU2034937 C1 RU 2034937C1 SU 4938651 A SU4938651 A SU 4938651A RU 2034937 C1 RU2034937 C1 RU 2034937C1
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Изобретение относится к станкоинструментальной промышленности, именно к изготовлению и эксплуатации инструментов из сверхтвердых материалов. The invention relates to machine tool industry, namely to the manufacture and operation of tools from superhard materials.
Известны способы вскрытия алмазных инструментов, заключающиеся в механическом воздействии на сегменты отрезных кругов шлифовальными кругами [1]
Вскрытие кристаллов алмаза при помощи абразивных кругов не обеспечивает необходимой размерной точности сегментов, что обусловлено неравномерностью процесса. Кроме того, указанный способ сопровождается сколом и выкрашиванием алмаза из связки, т.е. ведет к непроизводительным потерям дефицитного алмазного сырья.Known methods for opening diamond tools, consisting in the mechanical impact on the segments of cutting wheels with grinding wheels [1]
Opening crystals of diamond using abrasive wheels does not provide the necessary dimensional accuracy of the segments, due to the unevenness of the process. In addition, this method is accompanied by chipping and chipping of the diamond from the bundle, i.e. leads to unproductive losses of scarce rough diamonds.
Известен также способ вскрытия рабочей поверхности алмазных инструментов, заключающийся в удалении связки с поверхностного слоя сегментов путем их травления в растворах хлорного железа и соляной кислоты [2]
Недостатком способа является быстрая потеря травильным раствором активности.There is also a method of opening the working surface of diamond tools, which consists in removing the ligament from the surface layer of the segments by etching them in solutions of ferric chloride and hydrochloric acid [2]
The disadvantage of this method is the rapid loss of the etching solution of activity.
Из известных решений наиболее близким по технической сущности решением является способ, предусматривающий удаление со стальных изделий никелевого покрытия, содержащего кристаллы алмаза, и включающий анодную обработку в электролите, содержащем серную кислоту, органическую добавку и воду. При этом с целью интенсификации процесса и снижения растравливания стали в качестве органической добавки берут сахарную кислоту при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас. серная кислота 60-70; сахарная кислота 0,5-1,0; вода остальное, а обработку ведут при плотности тока 25.45 А/дм2 [3]
Обработку инструментов из сверхтвердых материалов по известному способу не обеспечивает высокой производительности процесса удаления слоя связки из-за наличия в электролите органической добавки. Кроме того, анодную обработку изделия по способу-прототипу проводят без учета временного фактора, что исключает возможность прогнозирования качества вскрытия инструментов и регулирования величины выступания зерна над связкой.Of the known solutions, the closest solution in technical essence is the method of removing nickel coating containing diamond crystals from steel products and including anode treatment in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid, an organic additive and water. Moreover, in order to intensify the process and reduce steel pickling, sugar acid is taken as an organic additive in the following ratio of components, wt. sulfuric acid 60-70; sugar acid 0.5-1.0; the rest is water, and the treatment is carried out at a current density of 25.45 A / dm 2 [3]
The processing of tools from superhard materials by a known method does not provide high productivity of the process of removing the binder layer due to the presence of an organic additive in the electrolyte. In addition, the anodic processing of the product according to the prototype method is carried out without taking into account the time factor, which eliminates the possibility of predicting the quality of the opening of tools and regulating the magnitude of the protrusion of grain over the bunch.
Целью изобретения является обеспечение высокой производительности процесса электрохимической обработки алмазных инструментов и возможности регулирования толщины снимаемого слоя, а также повышение качества обработки за счет предотвращения нарушения поверхностного слоя инструмента. The aim of the invention is to ensure high productivity of the process of electrochemical processing of diamond tools and the ability to control the thickness of the removed layer, as well as improving the quality of processing by preventing violation of the surface layer of the tool.
Указанная цель достигается за счет применения электрохимического метода обработки алмазных инструментов. Предлагаемый способ предусматривает анодную обработку в растворе, содержащем серную кислоту и воду. При этом обработку ведут при плотности тока 30-40 А/дм2 в течение 10-15 мин (в зависимости от требуемой величины вылета зерна над связкой инструмента) в растворе, дополнительно содержащем соляную кислоту при следующем соотношении компонентов, г/л: соляная кислота (1,19) 400-600; серная кислота (1,83) 50-80.This goal is achieved through the use of the electrochemical method of processing diamond tools. The proposed method involves anodic processing in a solution containing sulfuric acid and water. In this case, the treatment is carried out at a current density of 30-40 A / dm 2 for 10-15 minutes (depending on the required amount of grain overhang over the tool bundle) in a solution additionally containing hydrochloric acid in the following ratio of components, g / l: hydrochloric acid (1.19) 400-600; sulfuric acid (1.83) 50-80.
Уменьшение концентрации кислот в электролите (как водного раствора соляной кислоты, так и снижение добавки концентрированной серной кислоты) замедляет процесс вскрытия кристаллов алмаза. Увеличение же концентрации за пределы диапазона, предусмотренного предлагаемым способом, повышает избирательность вскрытия: вокруг алмаза появляется лунка (местное углубление), в то время как общее линейное уменьшение геометрических размеров инструмента находится в заданном диапазоне. А появление лунки вокруг алмаза не допускается, поскольку она уменьшает прочность закрепления зерна в связке. A decrease in the concentration of acids in the electrolyte (both an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and a decrease in the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid) slows down the process of opening diamond crystals. An increase in the concentration outside the range provided by the proposed method increases the selectivity of the autopsy: a hole appears around the diamond (local recess), while the overall linear decrease in the geometric dimensions of the tool is in the specified range. And the appearance of a hole around the diamond is not allowed, since it reduces the strength of the fixing of grain in a bunch.
Аналогичное действие на инструмент (при выявленных концентрациях соляной и серной кислоты) оказывает изменение величины плотности тока: ее увеличение вызывает появление углублений вокруг кристаллов, а уменьшение ведет к возрастанию времени обработки. Увеличение одного из параметров процесса (плотности тока или концентрации раствора) при одновременном уменьшении другого (за пределы защищаемых диапазонов) способствует появлению на рабочих поверхностях не только канавок вокруг зерен, но и травильных каверн, которые не допускаются по техническим требованиям к качеству инструмента. A similar effect on the instrument (at detected concentrations of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid) is exerted by a change in the current density: its increase causes the appearance of recesses around the crystals, and a decrease leads to an increase in the processing time. An increase in one of the process parameters (current density or solution concentration) while reducing the other (outside the protected ranges) contributes to the appearance on the working surfaces of not only grooves around the grains, but also etching caverns, which are not allowed according to the technical requirements for the quality of the instrument.
Подвод тока к инструментам (сегментом отрезных кругов), помещаемым в ванну с электролитом и являющимся анодом, осуществляется через контакты из кислотостойких материалов. В качестве катода может быть использован медный лист, лист из нержавеющей стали или другого металла, преобладающего в связке инструмента. The current is supplied to the instruments (a segment of cutting wheels), placed in a bath with an electrolyte and which is an anode, through contacts made of acid-resistant materials. As a cathode, a copper sheet, a sheet of stainless steel or another metal prevailing in the bundle of the tool can be used.
Предлагаемый способ рекомендуется использовать для вскрытия кристаллов алмазных инструментов, изготовленных на связках, содержащих карбиды металлов, а также изготовленных на основе медных, оловянных, кобальтовых, никелевых и железных компонентов. The proposed method is recommended for opening crystals of diamond tools made on bundles containing metal carbides, as well as made on the basis of copper, tin, cobalt, nickel and iron components.
Зависимость количественных параметров производительности и качества вскрытия от режимов обработки при реализации предлагаемого способа представлена в таблице. The dependence of the quantitative parameters of productivity and opening quality on processing conditions when implementing the proposed method is presented in the table.
По предложенному способу была обработана в колокольной ванне ВАКР-320-18У4 партия сегментов в количестве 200 шт. (в качестве катода использовали медный лист). Обрабатывали сегменты размером 40 х 7 х 5,5 мм, изготовленные на связке М6-02 (основа карбид вольфрама). Сегменты с 50%-ной концентрацией зерен были оснащены природными алмазами зернистостью 630/500. Обработку проводили в водном растворе соляной кислоты (500 г на 1 л HCl (1,19) с добавкой концентрированной серной кислоты в количестве 65 г на 1 л раствора при плотности тока 35 А/дм2 в течение 12 мин.According to the proposed method, a batch of segments in the amount of 200 pieces was processed in a bell bath VAKR-320-18U4. (a copper sheet was used as a cathode). Processed segments with a size of 40 x 7 x 5.5 mm, made on a bunch of M6-02 (the basis of tungsten carbide). Segments with a 50% grain concentration were equipped with 630/500 natural diamonds. The treatment was carried out in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (500 g per 1 liter of HCl (1.19) with the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid in an amount of 65 g per 1 liter of solution at a current density of 35 A / dm 2 for 12 minutes.
Микроскопический контроль обработанных сегментов показал, что на их поверхностях отсутствуют травильные каверны и местное углубление вокруг кристаллов алмаза. При этом выступание зерен над связкой 0,12-0,20 мм, а удельный съем слоя связки -
Кроме указанных сегментов, по предлагаемому способу были также обработаны и другие партии сегментов, изготовленных с использованием номенклатуры связок: М2-01, МЖ, М6-03 и М6-10 (во всех случаях обеспечивалось качественное вскрытие кристаллов алмаза на заданную глубину). In addition to these segments, the proposed method also processed other batches of segments made using the nomenclature of ligaments: M2-01, MF, M6-03 and M6-10 (in all cases, high-quality opening of diamond crystals to a given depth was provided).
Предлагаемый способ обеспечивает хорошее качество вскрытия кристаллов как природного, так и синтетического алмаза, используемого для изготовления инструментов на различных связках. Процесс не влияет на прочность алмазоудержания, проходит без нарушения поверхностного слоя инструмента и физико-механических свойств алмаза. The proposed method provides good quality opening crystals of both natural and synthetic diamond used for the manufacture of tools on various bundles. The process does not affect the diamond holding strength; it takes place without violating the surface layer of the tool and the physicomechanical properties of diamond.
Claims (1)
Соляная кислота (1,19) 400 600
Серная кислота (1,83) 50 80METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF PRODUCTS, mainly removing binder layers based on metal carbides, as well as copper, tin, cobalt, nickel and iron components from instruments made of superhard materials, including anode processing in a solution containing sulfuric acid and water, characterized in that the treatment is carried out at a current density of 30 40 A / dm 2 for 10 15 min in a solution additionally containing hydrochloric acid in the following ratio of components, g / l:
Hydrochloric acid (1.19) 400 600
Sulfuric acid (1.83) 50 80
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| SU4938651 RU2034937C1 (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1991-05-22 | Method for electrochemical treatment of products |
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| SU4938651 RU2034937C1 (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1991-05-22 | Method for electrochemical treatment of products |
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| US7435478B2 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2008-10-14 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting structures |
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| US7681669B2 (en) | 2005-01-17 | 2010-03-23 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Polycrystalline diamond insert, drill bit including same, and method of operation |
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| US7980334B2 (en) | 2007-10-04 | 2011-07-19 | Smith International, Inc. | Diamond-bonded constructions with improved thermal and mechanical properties |
| US7985470B2 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2011-07-26 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Diamond sintered compact |
| US8020642B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2011-09-20 | Brett Lancaster | Polycrystalline diamond abrasive elements |
| US8057562B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2011-11-15 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable ultra-hard polycrystalline materials and compacts |
| US8197936B2 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2012-06-12 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting structures |
| US8309050B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2012-11-13 | Smith International, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond materials having improved abrasion resistance, thermal stability and impact resistance |
| US8377157B1 (en) | 2009-04-06 | 2013-02-19 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superabrasive articles and methods for removing interstitial materials from superabrasive materials |
| US8499861B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2013-08-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Ultra-hard composite constructions comprising high-density diamond surface |
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| US9394747B2 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2016-07-19 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | PCD cutters with improved strength and thermal stability |
| US9550276B1 (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2017-01-24 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leaching assemblies, systems, and methods for processing superabrasive elements |
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| US10011000B1 (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2018-07-03 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leached superabrasive elements and systems, methods and assemblies for processing superabrasive materials |
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| US10807913B1 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2020-10-20 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leached superabrasive elements and leaching systems methods and assemblies for processing superabrasive elements |
| US10900291B2 (en) | 2017-09-18 | 2021-01-26 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Polycrystalline diamond elements and systems and methods for fabricating the same |
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