RU2010122953A - Способ и устройство для охлаждения и сжижения потока углеводородов - Google Patents
Способ и устройство для охлаждения и сжижения потока углеводородов Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- RU2010122953A RU2010122953A RU2010122953/06A RU2010122953A RU2010122953A RU 2010122953 A RU2010122953 A RU 2010122953A RU 2010122953/06 A RU2010122953/06 A RU 2010122953/06A RU 2010122953 A RU2010122953 A RU 2010122953A RU 2010122953 A RU2010122953 A RU 2010122953A
- Authority
- RU
- Russia
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- streams
- compressors
- hydrocarbon stream
- energy
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract 27
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract 27
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 17
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
- F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
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- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
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- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
1. Способ охлаждения и сжижения потока углеводородов на плавучем основании или морской платформе, включающий, по меньшей мере, стадии: !(a) пропускания исходного потока углеводородов в противотоке с двумя или большим количеством потоков хладагента с получением охлажденного и сжиженного потока углеводородов и двух или большего количества, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков хладагента; ! (b) сжатия, по меньшей мере, одного из, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков углеводородов при прохождении через, по меньшей мере, один или большее число первых компрессоров для хладагента; ! (c) сжатия, по меньшей мере, одного из, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков углеводородов при прохождении через, по меньшей мере, один или большее число вторых компрессоров для хладагента; ! (d) привода в действие одной или большего числа газовых турбин для получения: ! (i) электрической энергии и ! (ii) горячего газа; ! (e) пропускания горячего газа стадии (d) (ii) через один или большее число парогенерирующих теплообменников для получения энергии водяного пара; ! (f) использования электрической энергии для привода, по меньшей мере, одного из вторых компрессоров для хладагента; и ! (g) использования энергии пара для привода в действие одной или большего числа паровых турбин, приводящих в действие, по меньшей мере, один из первых компрессоров для хладагента; ! при этом способ осуществляют на плавучем основании или морской платформе, содержащей один или большее количество резервуаров для хранения сжиженных углеводородов и/или сжиженных компонент для хладагентов, причем одна или большее число газовых турбин приводятся в действие
Claims (16)
1. Способ охлаждения и сжижения потока углеводородов на плавучем основании или морской платформе, включающий, по меньшей мере, стадии:
(a) пропускания исходного потока углеводородов в противотоке с двумя или большим количеством потоков хладагента с получением охлажденного и сжиженного потока углеводородов и двух или большего количества, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков хладагента;
(b) сжатия, по меньшей мере, одного из, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков углеводородов при прохождении через, по меньшей мере, один или большее число первых компрессоров для хладагента;
(c) сжатия, по меньшей мере, одного из, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков углеводородов при прохождении через, по меньшей мере, один или большее число вторых компрессоров для хладагента;
(d) привода в действие одной или большего числа газовых турбин для получения:
(i) электрической энергии и
(ii) горячего газа;
(e) пропускания горячего газа стадии (d) (ii) через один или большее число парогенерирующих теплообменников для получения энергии водяного пара;
(f) использования электрической энергии для привода, по меньшей мере, одного из вторых компрессоров для хладагента; и
(g) использования энергии пара для привода в действие одной или большего числа паровых турбин, приводящих в действие, по меньшей мере, один из первых компрессоров для хладагента;
при этом способ осуществляют на плавучем основании или морской платформе, содержащей один или большее количество резервуаров для хранения сжиженных углеводородов и/или сжиженных компонент для хладагентов, причем одна или большее число газовых турбин приводятся в действие в зоне размещения турбинных агрегатов, находящейся на или внутри плавучего основания или морской платформы и на удалении от первого и второго компрессоров для хладагента и от одного или большего количества резервуаров для хранения.
2. Способ по п.1, в котором, по меньшей мере, один из вторых компрессоров для хладагента представляет собой криогенный компрессор для хладагента.
3. Способ по п.1, в котором, по меньшей мере, один из первых компрессоров для хладагента является компрессором для хладагента предварительного охлаждения.
4. Способ по п.1, кроме того, включающий одну или большее количество дополнительных стадий обработки исходного потока углеводородов до проведения стадии (а) или охлажденного потока углеводородов стадии (а) или обоих указанных потоков, при этом такие дополнительные стадии обработки включают использование одного или большего числа дополнительных компрессоров, и электрическая энергия или энергия водяного пара или оба указанных вида энергии приводят в действие, по меньшей мере, один из дополнительных компрессоров.
5. Способ по п.4, в котором, по меньшей мере, один из дополнительных компрессоров используют для сжатия одного или большего количества потоков, иных, чем, по меньшей мере, частично испаренные потоки хладагента стадии (b) и стадии (с).
6. Способ по п.1, кроме того, включающий один или большее число дополнительных источников энергии водяного пара или электрической энергии.
7. Способ по п.1, в котором находящийся на удалении означает расстояние, по меньшей мере, 50 м или предпочтительно, по меньшей мере, 100 м.
8. Способ по п.1, в котором номинальная производительность сжиженного потока углеводородов находится в интервале от 1 до 10 миллион метрических тонн в год, предпочтительно в интервале от 3,5 до 7 миллион метрических тонн в год.
9. Способ по п.1, включающий использование первой ступени охлаждения и второй ступени охлаждения, при этом потоки хладагентов для первой и второй ступеней охлаждения представляют собой смешанные хладагенты.
10. Способ по п.1, в котором одна из одной или большего количества паровых турбин является конденсационной паровой турбиной.
11. Способ по п.1, в котором плавучее основание или морская платформа имеет длину менее 600 м и ширину менее 100 м.
12. Способ по п.1, в котором стадия (а) включает первую ступень охлаждения, в которой исходный поток углеводородов предварительно охлаждают в противотоке с одним или большим количеством потоков первого хладагента с получением охлажденного потока углеводородов и одного или большего количества частично испаренных потоков первого хладагента, которые сжимают на стадии (b), и вторая ступень охлаждения отделена от первой ступени охлаждения, при этом температуру указанного охлажденного потока углеводородов понижают с помощью одного или большего количества потоков второго хладагента с получением сжиженного потока углеводородов и одного или большего количества, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков второго хладагента, которые сжимают на стадии (с).
13. Способ по любому из пп.1-12, в котором поток углеводородов включает или главным образом содержит природный газ.
14. Плавучее основание или морская платформа, содержащая устройство для охлаждения или сжижения потока углеводородов на или внутри указанного плавучего основания, при этом указанное устройство включает:
две или большее число ступеней охлаждения, через которые проходит исходный поток углеводородов в противотоке с двумя или большим количеством потоков хладагента с получением охлажденного и сжиженного потока углеводородов и двух или большего количества, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков углеводородов;
один или большее число первых компрессоров для хладагента, предназначенных для сжатия, по меньшей мере, одного из, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков хладагента;
один или большее число вторых компрессоров для хладагента, предназначенных для сжатия, по меньшей мере, другого одного из, по меньшей мере, частично испаренных потоков хладагента;
одну или большее количество газовых турбин для получения:
(i) электрической энергии для привода в действие, по меньшей мере, одного из вторых компрессоров для хладагента; и
(ii) горячего газа;
один или большее количество парогенерирующих теплообменников для получения энергии пара от горячего газа;
одну или большее количество паровых турбин, приводимых в действие за счет энергии водяного пара, предназначенных для привода в действие, по меньшей мере, одного из первых компрессоров для хладагента;
один или большее количество резервуаров для хранения сжиженных углеводородов и/или компонент для хладагентов;
при этом одна или большее число газовых турбин размещены в зоне нахождения турбинных агрегатов на удалении от первого и второго компрессоров для хладагента и от одного или большего количества резервуаров для хранения.
15. Плавучее основание или морская платформа по п.14, в которой «на удалении» означает расстояние, по меньшей мере, равное 50 м, предпочтительно, по меньшей мере, 100 м.
16. Плавучее основание по п.14 или 15, в котором используется один или большее число дополнительных компрессоров, обеспечивающих одну или большее количество дополнительных стадий обработки потока углеводородов, используемых для сжатия одного или большего количества потоков, иных, чем, по меньшей мере, частично испаренные потоки хладагента, где, по меньшей мере, один из дополнительных компрессоров приводится в действие с использованием электрической энергии или энергии потока.
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PCT/EP2008/064973 WO2009059985A2 (en) | 2007-11-07 | 2008-11-05 | Method and apparatus for cooling and liquefying a hydrocarbon stream |
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KR101195330B1 (ko) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-10-31 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 액화장치 및 액화방법과 이를 포함하는 유체전달 시스템 |
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WO2009059985A3 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
US20100263406A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
RU2503900C2 (ru) | 2014-01-10 |
KR101617177B1 (ko) | 2016-05-02 |
KR20100093074A (ko) | 2010-08-24 |
WO2009059985A2 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
GB2466891B (en) | 2012-07-11 |
GB201005406D0 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
AU2008324194B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
AU2008324194A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
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