PT859578E - Acetabulo artificial para a articulacao da anca - Google Patents
Acetabulo artificial para a articulacao da anca Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PT859578E PT859578E PT96934307T PT96934307T PT859578E PT 859578 E PT859578 E PT 859578E PT 96934307 T PT96934307 T PT 96934307T PT 96934307 T PT96934307 T PT 96934307T PT 859578 E PT859578 E PT 859578E
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- PT
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- Prior art keywords
- artificial
- joint
- anca
- edge
- capsule
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2/4609—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of acetabular cups
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
1
DESCRIÇÃO “ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA “ A presente invenção diz respeito a um acetábulo artificial para a articulação da anca, de acordo com o conceito principal da reivindicação 1.
Tais acetábulos esféricos para a articulação da anca são adequados, sobretudo, para a implantação no acetábulo sem cola. É conhecido da situação actual da técnica (Patente Europeia N.° EP-A 444 382) este tipo de acetábulo para a articulação da anca em forma de “monobloco”.
As desvantagens desta configuração são constituídas pelo facto de a cápsula exterior apresentar uma espessura de parede constante e um modo de construção tipo “sandwich”.
Desta forma, a elasticidade é limitada. A suspensão entre a cápsula exterior e a cápsula interior tem de ser regulada por um sistema de molas adicionalmente montado e, por isso, não é autónomo.
Da Patente Europeia N.° EP-A-0655230 é conhecido um acetábulo artificial para a articulação da anca constituído por uma cápsula interior que no seu exterior apresenta uma forma cónica e uma cápsula exterior que no seu interior apresenta uma forma cónica e em que, entre as duas, existe um espaço livre e que as bordas podem ser fixadas entre si por um anel de suporte separado e parafusos. A espessura de parede da cápsula exterior começa a adelgaçar, inicialmente, na direcção da borda, depois engrossa na parte do meio, para finalmente adelgaçar novamente em direcção à borda.
Também neste acetábulo conhecido da articulação da anca, a elasticidade é limitada.
Aqui a invenção pretende apresentar uma solução. A presente invenção baseia-se no objectivo de criar um acetábulo artificial para a articulação da anca que é executado por forma a aumentar a sua 3 / elasticidade em direcção ao centro mas que apresenta, mesmo assim, uma construção simples e económica.
Para a solução deste problema, a disposição acima descrita é desenvolvida pelas propriedades da parte característica da reivindicação 1 independente.
Desta forma, é possível conseguir a vantagem de na direcção do eixo de carga resultante haver uma estabilidade mecânica suficiente, mas na área do centro do acetábulo artificial da articulação da anca, ou seja, no local, onde o implante atinge o seu ponto mais baixo dentro do acetábulo fresado, existirem uma elasticidade e uma adaptabilidade óptimas. A espessura de parede da cápsula exterior é mais reduzida no seu centro do que entre os 20 e os 40 graus da sua latitude (de preferência, entre os 25 e os 35 graus da sua latitude), ou seja, no local onde, de acordo com a invenção, começa mais ou menos a área de elasticidade, apresentando no centro menos que 0,30 mm, de preferência, menos que 0,25 mm. A 30 graus da latitude a espessura de parede situa-se, favoravelmente, em cerca de 0,5 mm.
No seu centro, a parede da cápsula exterior deve apresentar 30 - 60 % da espessura de parede que a cápsula exterior apresenta a 30 graus da sua latitude.
4 A borda da cápsula exterior dispõe de uma forma e de uma superfície exterior adequada à fixação no osso, a forma cónica da borda permite uma fixação primária - que na linguagem profissional se chama feita à pressão “pressfif - a fim de evitar movimentos basculantes. A segurança de rotação é conseguida por ranhuras axiais na borda A superfície lateral da borda apresenta uma estruturação tridimensional.
Esta estruturação tem uma profundidade de 0,3 a 0,8 mm, de preferência, 0,4 a 0,6 mm, a fim de facilitar o enraizamento ou a integração do osso. A cápsula exterior pode ser fabricada de titânio puro ou de uma liga de titânio, enquanto a cápsula interior deve ser constituída, com vantagem, por um dos materiais seguintes: liga de cobalto/crómio/molibdénio, cerâmica, polietileno ou materiais sintéticos reforçados por fibras de carbono.
Do ponto de vista do fabrico, pode ser obtido um conjunto de vários acetábulos de tamanhos diferentes para as articulações da anca, sendo usadas cápsulas interiores idênticas para todos os acetábulos da articulação da anca e cápsulas exteriores de tamanhos diferentes para realizar os vários tamanhos.
As vantagens conseguidas pela invenção devem ser vistas, essencialmente, 5 no facto de, graças ao acetábulo para a articulação da anca, de acordo com a invenção, se verificar o seguinte: 1. Existe uma solução no respeitante à fixação e à funcionalidade que se adapta à elasticidade fisiológica real do acetábulo; 2. Existe um sistema de módulos cujo fabrico é tecnicamente simples e que necessita de um mínimo de instrumentos adicionais; pelo que 3. Pode ser usada uma técnica de operação simples que minimiza qualquer problema. A invenção e os modos de realização da invenção são explicados mais pormenorizadamente a seguir, com a ajuda de desenhos, em parte esquemáticos, de vários exemplos de execução.
Eles mostram: FIG 1 um corte transversal ampliado através do eixo rotativo do acetábulo para a articulação da anca segundo a invenção; FIG 2 uma perspectiva vista por baixo, em tamanho real, na direcção da seta A para o interior do acetábulo para a articulação da anca, de acordo com a FIG 1; e 6 FIG 3 um corte transversal fortemente ampliado na área da borda exterior do acetábulo da articulação da anca, de acordo com a FIG 1. 0 acetábulo artificial para a articulação da anca representado nas FIG 1 e 2 é constituído, por um lado, por uma cápsula exterior (1) em forma de calote, com uma borda reforçada (5) e uma rosca interior (12), e, por outro, por uma cápsula interior (2) em forma de calote com uma borda (6) e uma rosca exterior (13) que forma um espaço interior (17) em forma de meia esfera, destinada a receber a cabeça do fémur de uma prótese de anca não representada no desenho.
Aquando do fabrico do acetábulo artificial para a articulação da anca, as duas cápsulas (1), (2) são aparafusadas uma à outra por meio das suas roscas (12), (13). A borda da cápsula interior (2) apresenta, além disso, uma superfície exterior cónica (8) e a borda (5) da cápsula exterior (1) uma superfície interior cónica (9) que, devido à união roscada das duas cápsulas (1), (2) realizada na fábrica, encostam uma à outra, por forma a apresentar uma união aderente, tal como representada na FIG 1.
As roscas (12), (13) podem ser bloqueadas na fábrica por engastes, por forma a que as cápsulas exterior e interior (1), (2) fiquem firmemente ligadas entre si nas suas bordas (5), (6) formando entre si um espaço estanque a gases e líquidos.
No seu centro (4), a espessura de parede da cápsula exterior (1) situa-se em apenas 0,2 mm, aumentando continuamente até aos 0,5 mm, mais ou menos até aos 30 graus de latitude.
Como mostram as FIG 1 e 2, na sua borda (6) a cápsula interior (2) está equipada com três orifícios cegos (15) que, no seu essencial, se situam em paralelo ao eixo rotativo (14) do acetábulo para a articulação da anca.
Os orifícios cegos (15) destinam-se ao manuseamento do acetábulo para a articulação da anca, com a ajuda de um instrumento adequado que entra nos orifícios e que não está representado no desenho. A superfície exterior cónica (10) apresenta ranhuras axiais (16) na borda.
Como mostra a FIG 3, a borda reforçada exteriormente cónica (5) da cápsula exterior (1) possui uma superfície exterior (10) destinada a encostar ao osso que apresenta uma estruturação (11) tridimensional com uma profundidade de 0,5 mm. LISBOA, 6 de NOVEMBRO de 2001
Claims (12)
1 REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA com uma cápsula exterior (1) em forma de calote e uma cápsula interior (2) em forma de calote que entre si formam um espaço livre (3), em que A) as cápsulas interior e exterior ((1). (2)) estão ligadas entre si nas suas bordas (5, 6), por forma a ser conseguida uma posição estável, B) por baixo do círculo de transição (7) que se encontra entre os 20 e 40 graus de latitude, a cápsula exterior (1) passa a uma borda reforçada (5), caracterizado por C) a espessura de parede da cápsula exterior (1) aumentar continuamente, a partir do seu centro (4) em direcção à sua borda (5), e D) a espessura de parede da cápsula exterior (1) no seu centro (4) ser inferior a 0,30 mm.
2. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por a espessura de parede da cápsula exterior (1) aumentar continuamente, a partir do seu 2 .....·χ X' / Τ. Γ ί . . ·’·· - · centro (4) em direcção ao círculo de transição (7) que se situa entre os 20 e os 40 graus de latitude, de preferência, entre os 25 e os 35 graus de latitude, da cápsula exterior (1).
3. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com as reivindicações 1 e 2, caracterizado por a espessura de parede da cápsula exterior (1) no seu centro (4) ser inferior a 0,25 mm.
4. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 3, caracterizado por a espessura de parede da cápsula exterior (1) apresentar no seu centro (4) 30 - 60 % da espessura de parede da cápsula exterior (1) por altura do círculo de transição (7).
5. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 4, caracterizado por a borda (5) da cápsula exterior (1) apresentar uma rosca interior (12) e a borda (6) da cápsula interior (2) apresentar uma rosca exterior (13) correspondente, a fim de estabelecer uma união roscada entre as duas cápsulas ((1), (2)).
6. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 5, caracterizado por a borda (6) da cápsula interior (2) apresentar uma superfície exterior cónica (8) e a borda (5) da cápsula exterior (1) apresentar uma superfície interior cónica (9), ligada à superfície exterior (8) por meio de uma união aderente.
7. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 6, caracterizado por a borda (5) da cápsula exterior (1) apresentar uma superfície exterior cónica (10) para o encosto ao osso que é equipada com ranhuras axiais (16) na borda e que apresenta uma estruturação tridimensional (11). 4
8. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com a reivindicação 7, caracterizado por a estruturação (11) apresentar uma profundidade de 0,3 a 0,8 mm, de preferência, de 0,4 a 0,6 mm.
9. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 8, caracterizado por a cápsula exterior (1) ser constituída por titânio puro ou uma liga de titânio.
10. ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 9, caracterizado por a cápsula interior (2) ser constituída por um dos materiais seguintes: liga de cobalto/crómio/molibdénio, cerâmica, polietileno ou materiais sintéticos reforçados por fibras de carbono.
11.ACETÁBULO ARTIFICIAL PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 10, caracterizado por a
5 cápsula interior (2) estar equipada na sua borda (6) com pelo menos 3 orifícios cegos (15) que, no seu essencial, se situam em paralelo ao eixo rotativo (14) do acetábulo para a articulação da anca.
12. CONJUNTO DE DIVERSOS ACETÁBULOS DE VÁRIOS TAMANHOS PARA A ARTICULAÇÃO DA ANCA, de harmonia com uma das reivindicações de 1 a 11, caracterizado por os vários acetábulos para a articulação da anca apresentarem cápsulas interiores (2) idênticas e cápsulas exteriores (1) de vários tamanhos. LISBOA, 6 de NOVEMBRO de 2001
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EP0859578B1 (de) | 2001-08-08 |
EP0859578A1 (de) | 1998-08-26 |
DE59607461D1 (de) | 2001-09-13 |
ATE203884T1 (de) | 2001-08-15 |
US6136033A (en) | 2000-10-24 |
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