PL89361B1 - - Google Patents

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PL89361B1
PL89361B1 PL1973164548A PL16454873A PL89361B1 PL 89361 B1 PL89361 B1 PL 89361B1 PL 1973164548 A PL1973164548 A PL 1973164548A PL 16454873 A PL16454873 A PL 16454873A PL 89361 B1 PL89361 B1 PL 89361B1
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copolymer
oil
product
nitrogen
viscosity
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PL1973164548A
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/30Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
    • C08F8/32Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2800/00Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
    • C08F2800/20Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages
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    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/404Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/26Amines
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    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/042Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone
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    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/043Mannich bases
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    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
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    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
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    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045Metal containing thio derivatives
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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
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    • C10N2070/00Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02Concentrating of additives

Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób wytwarzania rozpuszczalnego w oleju srodka stanowiacego produkt kondensacji utlenionego polimeru propylenu z aldehydem mrówkowym i alifatyczna amina i ewentualnie zawie¬ rajacego dodatek oleju w takiej ilosci, aby srodek ten mógl byc stosowany jako srodek do smarowania lub jako stezony dodatek do smarów, zawierajacy 0,1—75% produktu kondensacji.Starzenie sie smaru w silnikach szybkoobrotowych powoduje powstawanie lakieru, osadu i osadzanie sie wegla na wewnetrznych powierzchniach silników, co przyspiesza ich zuzywanie sie i zmniejsza sprawnosc silnika.W celu zmniejszenia osadzania sie takich szkodliwych produktów na powierzchniach silników, stosuje sie dodatki do olejów smarowych majace zdolnosci dyspergowania i/lub wlasciwosci piorace, a nie dajace popiolu.Zapotrzebowanie na tego rodzaju srodki wzroslo zwlaszcza od czasu wprowadzenia systemu przymusowej wentylacji karteru silnika.Wiadomo równiez, ze oleje smarowe zmniejszaja swa gestosc w miare podwyzszania temperatury, a gestnieja w miare jej obnizania, totez w celu poprawienia zaleznosci lepkosci smarów od temperatury przewaznie stosuje sie dodatki do smarów. Na przyklad, pozadane jest, aby olej smarowy w karterze silnika nie gestnial zbytnio w niskiej temperaturze silnika, gdyz utrudnia to rozruch silnika, ale aby równiez byl dostatecznie lepki i tworzyl warstwe smarujaca takze i wtedy, gdy silnik jest goracy.Znane sa rózne dodatki do olejów majace wlasciwosci dyspergujace i/lub piorace. Takimi dodatkami sa np. obojetne lub zasadowe zwiazki metaloorganiczne, np. sole metali ziem alkalicznych z kwasami sulfonowymi lub produkty reakcji weglowodorów z pieciosiarczkiem fosforu. Wada tych najdawniej znanych srodków jest to, ze pod wplywem ciepla ulegaja rozkladowi, tworzac niepozadany popiól metaliczny. Innymi znanymi dodatkami sa sole amin, amidy, imidy lub amidyny podstawionych kwasów polibutenylowielokarboksylowych, jak równiez kombinacje sulfonianów metali ziem alkalicznych z produktami kondensacji metoda Mannicha zwiazków hydroksyaromatycznych podstawionych maloczasteczkowymi rodnikami alkilowymi, amin majacych przy atomie azotu co najmniej jeden atom wodoru dajacy sie wymieniac i aldehydów. Proponowano równiez stosowanie soli metali ziem alkalicznych takich produktów kondensacji Mannicha.Produkty kondensacji Mannicha otrzymane ze zwiazków hydroksyaromatycznych podstawionych rodni-2 89361 kami alkilowymi o stosunkowo malym ciezarze czasteczkowym, np. zawierajacymi 2—20 atomów wegla, sa znane z opisów patentowych Stanów Zjedn. Am. nr nr 2403453, 2353491, 2363134, 2459112, 2984550 i 3036003, a w opisie patentowym Stanów Zjedn.Am. nr 3368972 opisano dodatki do olejów bedace produktami kondensacji Mannicha zwiazków hydroksyaromatycznych podstawionych rodnikami o duzym ciezarze czastecz¬ kowym, wynoszacym 600—3000, z amina i aldehydem. Jednakze takie produkty kondensacji nie maja zadanych, wlasciwosci dwojakiego rodzaju, a mianowicie zdolnosci dyspergowania i polepszania wskaznika lepkosci.Z opisu patentowego Stanów Zjedn.Am. nr 3544520 uznane sa niezawierajace popiolu srodki dyspergujace, wytworzone przez utlenianie w obecnosci weglanu manganowego jako katalizatora polimeru olefinowego o ciezarze czasteczkowym okolo 200—2000, takiego jak polibuten lub polipropylen i nastepnie kondensacje z aldehydem mrówkowym i polialkilenopbliamina. Produkty takie sa wprawdzie skutecznymi srodkami dyspergu¬ jacymi, nie tworzacymi popiolu, ale nie polepszaja wskaznika lepkosci olejów smarowych.Z opisu patentowego Stanów Zjedn.Am. nr 3316177 znane sa równiez srodki o wlasciwosciach pioracych, zapobiegajace powstawaniu osadów wolejach smarowych. Wytwarza sie je w ten sposób, ze rozlozony przez utlenianie kopolimer propylenu i etylenu o ciezarze czasteczkowym co najmniej okolo 1000 poddaje sie reakcji z bezwodnikiem maleinowym i otrzymany produkt zobojetnia poliaminoalkilenem.Produkt wytworzony sposobem wedlug wynalazku nie ma opisanych wyzej wad i jest uzyteczny jako dodatek do smarów majacy zarówno zdolnosci dyspergujace jak i polepszajace wskaznik lepkosci. Sposobem wedlug wynalazku produkt ten wytwarza sie poddajac reakcji w temperaturze okolo 120—180°C nizej opisany utleniony kopolimer propylenu z etylenem, substancje bedaca zródlem aldehydu mrówkowego i alifatyczna amine lub poliamine, stosujac te skladniki reakcji w stosunku molowym od 1 : 2 : 2 do okolo 1 : 20 : 20. Proces kondensacji Mannicha prowadzi sie korzystnie w obecnosci obojetnego rozpuszczalnika lub rozcienczalnika organicznego, np. aromatycznego weglowodoru, takiego jak benzen, ksylen, toluen itp.f albo weglowodoru alifatycznego, np. takiego jak heksan. Szczególnie korzystnym rozpuszczalnikiem lub rozcienczalnikiem jest weglowodorowy olej o malej lepkosci, taki jak ekstrahowany rozpuszczalnikiem olej mineralny SAE SW.Stosowanie rozpuszczalnika lub rozcienczalr ika jest korzystne, poniewaz, ulatwia zmieszanie reagentów i regu¬ lacje temperatury reagujacej mieszaniny.Okreslenie „kopolimer", stosowane w opisie i w PLThe present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an oil-soluble agent consisting of the condensation product of an oxidized polymer of propylene with formaldehyde and an aliphatic amine, and possibly containing an oil additive in such an amount that this agent can be used as a lubricant or as a concentrated additive to lubricants, 0.1-75% of condensation product. Aging of grease in high-speed engines causes the formation of varnish, sediment and carbon deposit on the inner surfaces of engines, which accelerates their wear and reduces engine efficiency. To reduce the deposition of such harmful products on the surfaces of engines , additives for lubricating oils with dispersing and / or washing properties are used, and do not produce ash. The demand for such agents has increased, especially since the introduction of the forced crankcase ventilation system. It is also known that lubricating oils reduce their density to a certain extent As the temperature rises, and it diminishes as it lowers, therefore, in order to improve the dependence of the viscosity of lubricants on temperature, additives to lubricants are usually used. For example, it is desirable that the lubricating oil in the crankcase does not thicken too much at low engine temperatures as this makes it difficult to start the engine, but that it is also sufficiently sticky and forms a lubricating film even when the engine is hot. oils having dispersing and / or washing properties. Such additives are, for example, neutral or basic organometallic compounds, e.g. salts of alkaline earth metals with sulfonic acids or reaction products of hydrocarbons with phosphorus pentasulfide. The disadvantage of these oldest known agents is that they decompose under the influence of heat to form an undesirable metallic ash. Other known additives are the salts of amines, amides, imides or amidines of substituted polybutenyl polycarboxylic acids, as well as combinations of alkaline earth metal sulfonates with Mannich condensation products of hydroxyaromatics substituted with low molecular weight alkyl radicals, amines having at least one exchangeable hydrogen at the nitrogen atom, and aldehydes . It has also been proposed to use alkaline earth metal salts of such Mannich condensation products. Mannich condensation products obtained from hydroxyaromatic compounds substituted with alkyl radicals having a relatively low molecular weight, for example of 2-20 carbon atoms, are known from US Patents. Am. No. 2,403,453, 2,353,491, 2,363,134, 2,459,112, 2,984,550, and 3,036,003, and U.S. Patent No. No. 3,368,972 describes oil additives which are Mannich condensation products of hydroxyaromatic compounds substituted with radicals having a high molecular weight of 600-3000 with an amine and an aldehyde. However, such condensation products are not intended to have two kinds of properties, namely dispersibility and viscosity index improvement. No. 3,544,520 are ash-free dispersants prepared by oxidation in the presence of manganese carbonate as a catalyst for an olefin polymer with a molecular weight of about 200-2000, such as polybutene or polypropylene, and subsequent condensations with formaldehyde and polyalkylene pbliamine. Such products are effective dispersants and do not form ash, but they do not improve the viscosity index of lubricating oils. No. 3,316,177 are also known detergents that prevent the formation of deposits in lubricating oil. They are produced in such a way that the oxidatively decomposed copolymer of propylene and ethylene with a molecular weight of at least about 1000 is reacted with maleic anhydride and the product obtained is neutralized with polyaminoalkylene. The product according to the invention does not have the above-described drawbacks and is useful as an additive for lubricants having both dispersing and viscosity index improving properties. In the process of the invention, this product is prepared by reacting at a temperature of about 120 ° -180 ° C the oxidized ethylene-propylene copolymer described below, a formaldehyde source substance and an aliphatic amine or polyamine, using these reaction components in a molar ratio of 1: 2: 2 to around 1:20:20 The Mannich condensation process is preferably carried out in the presence of an inert organic solvent or diluent, e.g. an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, xylene, toluene etc.f or an aliphatic hydrocarbon, e.g. hexane. A particularly preferred solvent or diluent is a low viscosity hydrocarbon oil, such as a solvent extracted mineral oil SAE SW. The use of a solvent or diluent is preferred because it facilitates the mixing of the reactants and the temperature control of the reaction mixture. The term "copolymer" as used herein is used herein. and in PL

Claims (8)

zastrzezeniach oznacza bezpostaciowe kopolimery otrzymane zasadniczo tylko z etylenu i propylenu, ale ewentualnie zawierajace do okolo 10% w stosunku molowym do monomerycznych jednostek etylenu i propylenu, innych monomerów olefinowych o ogólnym wzorze RCH=CH2, w którym R oznacza rodnik alifatyczny lub cykloalifatyczny o 2—20 atomach wegla, np. buten-1, heksen-1, 4-metylopenten-1, decen-1, winyl idenonorbornen, 5-metylenonorbornen-2, itp. Jako dodatkowe monomery olefinowe moga tez wystepowac inne olefiny o wielu wiazaniach podwójnych, zwlaszcza ¦ dwuolefiny o okolo 4—25 atomach wegla, np. butadien-1,4, heksadien-1,3, pentadien-1,4, 2-metyloheksa- dien-1,5, oktadien-1,7 itp. Odpowiednimi do stosowania zgodnie z wynalazkiem sa kopolimery etylenowo-propylenowe zawierajace okolo 30—65%, korzystnie okolo 35—45% molowych propylenu, majace przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy co najmniej okolo 20000, np. okolo 20000-200 000, a zwlaszcza okolo 25 000-40 000 i zawierajace co najmniej 150 przyczepionych rodników metylowych na 1000 atomów wegla w lancuchu. Szczególnie korzystnie stosuje sie kopolimery majace nastepujaca charakterystyke: przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy 25000-35000 zawartosc monomeru propylenowego 38—42% molowych liczba rodników metylowych na 1000 atomów wegla 160-170 lepkoscwlasciwa 1,7-2,0 lepkosc mierzona metoda Gardnera U—V lepkosc mierzona metoda Mooneya 20—35. Lepkosc wlasciwa mierzy sie w temperaturze 135°C dla roztworu zawierajacego 0,1 g kopolimeru w 100 ml dekaliny, lepkosc Gardnera mierzy sie w temperaturze 25°C dla roztworu zawierajacego 8,0% kopolimeru w toluenie, a lepkosc Mooneya mierzy sie wedlug normy ASTM D-1646. Sposoby wytwarzania takich kopolimerów sa znane, np. z opisów patentowych Stanów Zjedn.Am. nr nr 2700633, 2726231, 2792288, 2933480, 3000866, 3063972 i 3093621. Proces utleniania kopolimeru prowadzi sie w odpowiedniej temperaturze i pod cisnieniem atmosferycznym lub wyzszym, dzialajac takim srodkiem utleniajacym jak wolny tlen lub dowolna substancja wydzielajaca tlen w warunkach procesu. Mozna tez prowadzic proces w obecnosci znanych katalizatorów utleniania, takich jak platyna lub metale z grupy platyny, zwiazki zawierajace metale, takie jak miedz, zelazo, kobalt, kadm, mangan, wanad itp. Utlenianie prowadzi sie metodami podanymi np. w opisach patentowych Stanów Zjedn.Am.89361 3 nrnt 2982728, 3316177, 3153025, 3365499 i 3544520. W zaleznosci od rodzaju uzytego srodka utleniajacego stosuje sie rózna temperature procesu utleniania. Na przyklad, w przypadku srodka o silnym dzialaniu, np. S03, stosuje sie temperature —50° do 200°C, natomiast w przypadku slabszych utleniaczy stosuje sie temperature 38-430°C. W zaleznosci od zadanej predkosci procesu utleniania stosuje sie cisnienie atmosferyczne, wyzsze od atmosferycznego lub nizsze, jak równiez ewentualnie katalizator. Warunki temperatury, cisnienia, zawartosc tlenu i ewentualnie katalizatora dobiera sie w znany sposób tak, aby uzyskac najlepsze wyniki. Proces utleniania prowadzi sie np. w ten sposób, ze do 1 czesci kopolimeru etylenu z propylenem, majacego przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy okolo 28000, dodaje sie w otwartym naczyniu 9 czesci ekstrahowanego rozpuszczalnikiem oleju mineralnego SAE SW i mieszajac w atmosferze obojetnego gazu ogrzewa w temperaturze 180°C az polimer o konsystencji gumy ulegnie calkowicie rozpuszczeniu/po czym utrzymujac temperature 180°C miesza sie roztwór energicznie w atmosferze zawierajacej 50% powietrza i 50% azotu, powodujac utlenianie kopolimeru. Mieszanine 50% powietrza i 50% azotu stosuje sie w tym celu, aby zapobiegac powstawaniu mieszaniny wybuchowej. Reakcja trwa 2,5-4,0 godzin i na 1 czasteczke kopolimeru wprowadza sie 5—50 atomów tlenu. Jako aminowy skladnik reakcji w procesie prowadzonym sposobem wedlug wynalazku stosuje sie pierwszorzedowe lub drugorzedowe aminy alifatyczne lub dwuamine o ogólnym wzorze H^rNMCI-^lyNI^, w którym y oznacza liczbe calkowita 3—10, Aminy te i dwuaminy zawieraja do 10 atomów wegla w rodniku alkilowym. Mozna równiez stosowac polialkilenopoliaminy w ogólnym wzorze HN—(A—NH)XH, w którym A oznacza dwuwartosciowy rodnik alkilenowy o okolo 2—6 atomach wegla, a x oznacza liczbe calkowita 1—10. R-zykladami takich amin sa: metyloamina, dwubutyloamina, cykloheksyloamina, propyloamina, decyloamina, etylenodwuamina, trójmetylenodwuamina, czterometylenodwuamina, szesciometylenodwuamina, dwuetylenotrójamina, trójetylenoczteroamina, czteroetylenopiecioamina, trójpropylenoczteroamina, czteropropylenopiecioamina i inne polialkilenopoliaminy, w których rodnik alkilenowy zawiera do okolo 10 atomów wegla. Jako reagenty aldehydowe w procesie wedlug wynalazku stosuje sie aldehydy alifatyczne, np. aldehyd mrówkowy, octowy lub /3-hydroksymaslowy. Szczególnie korzystnie stosuje sie aldehyd mrówkowy lub substancje bedace jego zródlem, np. paraformaldehyd lub formaline. Skladu chemicznego produktu reakcji nie mozna scisle okreslic za pomoca strukturalnego wzoru. Wprawdzie stwierdzono, ze w wyniku utleniania kopolimerów otrzymuje sie glównie ketony, ale stwierdzono równiez, ze moga powstawac takze mniejsze ilosci aldehydów, kwasów i ewentualnie estrów. Poniewaz produktu nie mozna scisle okreslic za pomoca wzoru strukturalnego, przeto trzeba go okreslac biorac pod uwage sposób jego wytwarzania. Produkty wytworzone sposobem wedlug wynalazku stanowia skuteczne dodatki do olejów smarowych i uzyte w ilosci okolo 0,1—10% dzialaja zarówno dyspergujaco jak i polepszaja wskazniki lepkosci. Produkty te mozna stosowac w postaci srodków skoncentrowanych, zawierajacych wiecej niz 10%, np. 10—75% produktu w mieszaninie z odpowiednim olejem podstawowym, ewentualnie z dodatkiem znanych srodków polepszajacych wlasciwosci olejów smarowych. Jako oleje podstawowe stosuje sie oleje mineralne, np. z ropy naftowej, syntetyczne oleje, np. wytwarzane przez polimeryzacje weglowodorów, jak równiez oleje pochodzenia zwierzecego lub roslinnego. Koncentraty takie miesza sie z olejami smarowymi w zadanym stosunku, aby uzyskac gotowy produkt zawierajacy 0,1—10% dodatku wytwarzanego sposobem wedlug wynalazku. Przyklad I. A. Wytwarzanie kopolimeru. Bezpostaciowy kopolimer etylenu z propylenem wytwarza sie na drodze polimeryzacji w roztworze, prowadzonej w obecnosci katalizatora Ziegler-Natta w postaci roztworu tlenochlorku wanadu w polaczeniu z roztworem seskwichlorku etylogi inowego. 1200 ml bezwodnego n-heptanu nasyca sie w temperaturze 30°C, pod cisnieniem 2,1 atm, gazowa mieszanina zawierajaca 50% molowych etylenu, 35% molowych propylenu i 15% molowych wodoru. Gazowa mieszanine wprowadza sie z predkoscia 100 litrów/godzine, przepuszcza przez heptan i odprowadza z ukladu. Po zakonczeniu nasycania dodaje sie roztwory skladników katalizatora w heptanie. Roztwór tlenochlorku wanadu o stezeniu 0,370% wagowych dodaje sie do mieszaniny olefin z predkoscia 13 ml/godzine, a roztwór seskwichlorku etylogi inowego o stezeniu 0,459% wagowych z predkoscia 60 ml/godzine. Stosunek molowy glinu do wanadu wynosi 8,06. Po rozpoczeciu sie polimeryzacji doplyw propylenu i etylenu reguluje sie tak, aby wyrównywac wieksza zdolnosc etylenu do reakcji. Przecietny stosunek wagowy propylenu do etylenu, ustalony za pomoca okresowej analizy metoda chromatografii gazowej, wynosi 2,3. Po uplywie 11/2 godziny polimeryzacje zatrzymuje sie zastepujac mieszanine gazowych olefin azotem i zaprzestajac dodawania katalizatora. Otrzymana mieszanine przemywa sie dwukrotnie metanolem, w celu zdezaktywowania i usuniecia katalizatora. Wydajnosc polimeru na 1 g VOCI34 89361 wynosi 1680 g. Otrzymany polimer ma przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy Mn/ oznaczony metoda osmometryczna, wynoszacy 28000, widmo w podczerwieni wykazuje zawartosc 159 rodników metylowych przylaczonych na 1000 atomów wegla w lanuchu, a jego lepkosc wlasciwa, mierzona w temperaturze 135°C dla roztworu 0,1 g w 100 ml dekaliny, wynosi 2,28 dl/g. B. Proces utleniania kopolimeru prowadzi sie w ten sposób, ze roztwór 70 g kopolimeru w 1000 g heptanu utrzymuje sie w temperaturze 120°C i przepuszcza przez roztwór azot, w celu usuniecia heptanu. Po usunieciu heptanu dodaje sie stopniowo 280 g oleju mineralnego SAE SW i silnie mieszajac ogrzewa gesta mieszanine do temperatury 220°C, przy czym przerywa sie wprowadzanie azotu, aby umozliwic przedostanie sie atmosfery¬ cznego tlenu do reaktora. Po uplywie 30 minut lepkosc mieszaniny maleje na skutek rozkladu termicznego i wywolywanego przez utlenianie, dzieki czemu mieszanie jest mozliwe w temperaturze 155°C, najkorzystniejszej dla reakcji utleniania. W tej temperaturze ogrzewa sie i miesza daej, lacznie w ciagu 20,5 godzin. Stopien przemiany mierzony metoda chromatografii na zelu krzemionkowym wynosi 100%. C. Kondensacja utlenionego kopolimeru z aldehydem i amina. Do 665 g roztworu utlenionego kopolimeru w oleju, otrzymanego w sposób opisany w rozdziale Bf zawierajacego 20% aktywnego, utlenionego kopolimeru, dodaje sie 900 g benzenu i roztwór ogrzewa do temperatury 50°C, po czym dodaje sie 0,69 g stalego paraformaldehydu (0,25% wagowych w stosunku do utlenionego polimeru) i w ciagu 0,5 godziny utrzymuje mieszanine w temperaturze 60°C. Nastepnie do mieszaniny dodaje sie 2,66 g szesciometylenodwuaminy (2,0% wagowe w stosunku do utlenionego kopolimeru) i roztwór miesza energicznie pod chlodnica zwrotna w tempera¬ turze 80°C wciagu 3 godzin. Otrzymany produkt kondensacji ogrzewa sie do temperatury 150°C i w tej temperaturze przedmuchuje w ciagu 1 godziny, w celu usuniecia benzenu. Produkt uwolniony od rozpuszczalnika miesza sie z olejem SAE SW w takiej ilosci, aby otrzymac preparat zawierajacy 13% czynnego produktu. Produkt otrzymany opisanym wyzej sposobem jest calkowicie przezroczysty, ma barwe 6,70 wedlug skali ASTM i zawiera 0,06% azotu i 0,1% tlenu. Przyklad II. A. Utlenianie kopolimeru. 70 g kopolimeru otrzymanego w sposób opisany w przykladzie I A rozpuszcza sie w 1000 g heptanu, oczyszcza sie do temperatury 120°C i przedmuchuje azotem w celu usuniecia heptanu. Nastepnie dodaje sie stopniowo 630 g ekstrahowanego rozpuszczalnikiem oleju mineralnego SAE SW i gesta mieszanine ogrzewa w temperaturze 180°C, energicznie mieszajac i przedmuchujac azotem, Przedmuchuje sie w tych warunkach wciagu 30 minut, w celu usuniecia sladów heptanu. Przedmuchiwanie czystym azotem przerywa sie nastepnie i wprowadza gazowa mieszanine zawierajaca 50% powietrza w 50% azotu, przy czym proces ogrzewania i mieszania w temperaturze 180°C trwa lacznie 3 godziny. Stopien przemiany mierzony metoda chromatografii na zelu krzemionkowym wynosi 100%. Badanie pasma widma absorpcyjnego w podczer¬ wieni przy dlugosci fali 5,8 mikrona (grubosc celi wynosi 0,05 mm) wykazuje, ze produkt zawiera 7,8 jednostek absorpcyjnych grup karbonylowych. B. Kondensacja utlenionego kopolimeru z aldehydem i amina. 200 g utlenionego kopolimeru, otrzymanego w sposób opisany w poprzednim ustepie, zawierajacego 10% aktywnego kopolimeru w oleju SAE SW, ogrzewa sie w atmosferze azotu do temperatury 160°C i mieszajac dodaje równoczesnie 0,38 g stalego paraformaldehydu (1,9% wagowych w stosunku do kopolimeru) i1,5g stopionej,, bezwodnej szesciometylenodwuaminy (7,5% wagowych w stosunku do kopolimeru). Mieszanie w temperaturze 160°C kontynuuje sie w ciagu 2 godzin, przy czym czachodzi kondensacja Mannicha, wydziela sie woda. Produkt kondensacji przedmuchuje sie silnie azotem wciagu 30 minut, w celu usuniecia lotnych produktów ubocznych, po czym odsacza, otrzymujac calkowicie klarowny produkt o nastepujacych wlasciwosciach; zawartosc aktywnego produktu kondensacji 10,0% zawartoscazotu 0,185% zawartosctlenu 0,45% barwa wedlugASTM 7,0 lepkosc (SSU w temperaturze99°C) 3200. Przyklad III. A. Utlenianie kopolimeru. 115 g kopolimeru otrzymanego w sposób opisany w przykladzie I A rozpuszcza sie w 1745 g heptanu i ogrzewa w temperaturze 120°C przepuszczajac strumien azotu i równoczesnie dodajac stopniowo 770 g ekstrahowanego rozpuszczalnikiem oleju mineralnego SAE SW. Usuwanie heptanu konczy sie w temperaturze 180°C, otrzymujac 885 g roztworu zawierajacego 13% kopolimeru w oleju. Kopolimer ten ogrzewa sie do temperatury 200°C, umozliwiajac dostep powietrza do reaktora, przy czym w celu ulatwienia stykania sie roztworu z powietrzem miesza sie roztwór bardzo energicznie, powodujac rozpryskiwanie sie. Po uplywie 30 minut lepkosc roztworu maleje na skutek rozkladu zachodzacego pod wplywem utleniania, wówczas89361 5 obniza sie stopniowo temperature mieszaniny do 155°C, umozliwiajac stykanie sie mieszaniny z powietrzem. W tej temperaturze utrzymuje sie korzystny stosunek pomiedzy predkoscia procesu utleniania i niepozadanym rozkladem polimeru. Proces prowadzi sie lacznie 20,5 godziny, uzyskujac produkt, który wedlug analizy metoda chromatografii na zelu krzemionkowym zawiera 17% aktywnych produktów utleniania, co odpowiada stopniowi utleniania równemu wydajnosci teoretycznej (uwzgledniajac typowe utlenianie 5-6% oleju uzytego jako rozpuszczalnik). , B. Kondensacja utlenionego kopolimeru z aldehydem i amina. Do 885 g produktu otrzymanego w sposób opisany w poprzednim ustepie dodaje sie 900 g benzenu, roztwór ogrzewa sie do temperatury 50°C w atmosferze azotu i wprowadza do roztworu gazowy azot z predkoscia wynoszaca 0,0283 m3/godzine. Nastepnie dodaje sie od razu 0,62 g (0,0207 mola) sproszkowanego,, bezwodnego paraformaldehydu i w ciagu 0,5 godziny ogrzewa mieszanine do temperatury 60°C, po czym dodaje od razu 2,4 g (0,0207 mola) stopionej, bezwodnej szesciome- tylenodwuaminy, miesza i szybko ogrzewa do temperatury wrzenia benzenu (80°C) przed chlodnica zwrotna. Stosunek molowy reagentów wynosi 1 :4 :4. Utrzymujac mieszanine w atmosferze azotu oddestylowuje sie benzen z woda wytworzona podczas reakcji i po uplywie 1 godziny, przy niewielkiej predkosci procesu destylacji, otrzymuje sie w odbieralniku klarowna ciecz, co wskazuje, ze woda zostala usunieta calkowicie i kondensacja Mannicha zostala zakonczona. Reszte benzenu oddestylowuje sie w temperaturze 160°C, wprowa¬ dzajac do reaktora azot z predkoscia 0,17 m3/godzine wciagu 1 godziny. Otrzymuje sie 880 g klarownego produktu kondensacji Mannicha, co stanowi 99,4% wydajnosci teoretycznej. Produkt ma nastepujace wlasci¬ wosci: zawartosc substancji czynnej 13% zawartoscazotu 0,058% (wedlug teoretycznych obliczen 0,063%) lepkosc (SSU w temperaturze 99°C) 2100. Przyklad IV. 1625 g roztworu zawierajacego 130 g utlenionego kopolimeru, otrzymanego w sposób opisany w przykladzie III A oraz 1495 g ekstrahowanego rozpuszczalnikiem oleju mineralnego SAE SW, miesza sie z 1200 ml benzenu i przygotowuje do kondensacji Mannicha jak podano w przykladzie III B, ale nastepnie do kondensacji stosuje sie utleniony kopolimer, paraformaldehyd i szesciometylenodwuamine w stosunku 1 :8,6 :8,6 w odniesieniu do utlenionego kopolimeru, którego przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy wynosi 22200. Kondensacje prowadzi sie w warunkach podanych w przykladzie III B. Otrzymuje sie klarowny produkt z wydajnoscia wynoszaca 99,5% wydajnosci teoretycznej. Produkt ma nastepujace wlasciwosci: zawartosc substancji aktywnej 8,0% zawartoscazotu 0,084% (wedlug teoretycznych obliczen 0,086%) lepkosc (SSU w temperaturze 99°C) 1125. Przyklad V. W sposób analogiczny do opisanego w przykladzie I A wytwarza sie kopolimer 55% molowych etylenu, 35% molowych i 10% molowych decenu-1 i poddaje utlenianiu, jak opisano w przykla¬ dzie I B, a nastepnie reakcji kondensacji Mannicha z paraformaldehydem i szesciometylenodwuamina, jak opisano w przykladzie I C, stosujac reagenty w stosunku 1 :4 :4. Otrzymuje sie produkt o aktywnosci 13% i zawartosci azotu 0,06%. Zdolnosc produktów wytwarzanych sposobem wedlug wynalazku do polepszenia wskaznika lepkosci olejów smarowych wskazano w tablicy I dla nastepujacych próbek: A — obojetny olej 150 B—jak próbka A z dodatkiem 1,1% nierozcienczonego produktu otrzymanego w sposób opisany w przykladzie I C, C — jak próbka A z dodatkiem 1,5% produktu kondensacji Mannicha utlenionego poliizobutylenu o przecietnym ciezarze czasteczkowym 1500. D—jak próbka Az dodatkiem 1,5% produktu kondensacji Mannicha utlenionego kopolimeru etylenu z propylenem, majacego przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy 2000. T a b I i c a I Lepkosc SSU Wskaznik Próbka w temperaturze 99°C lepkosci A 43,5 108 B 57,5 142 C 45,0 110 D 46,0 110b 89361 Wyniki podane w tablicy I swiadcza o tym, ie produkty kondensacji Mannicha wytwarzane sposobem wedlug wynalazku sa wysoce skuteczne i nadaja zadany wskaznik lepkosci olejowi podstawowemu o niskim wskazniku lepkosci. Skutecznosc srodków wytwarzanych sposobem wedlug wynalazku wykazuja wyniki próby zwanej próba dyspersji metoda plamy. Próba ta polega na tym, ze odmierzona ilosc badanego dodatku miesza sie z odmierzona objetoscia oleju stosowanego do smarowania w karterze silnika do badan Ford Sequence VC w ciagu 192 godzin, to jest wciagu okresu czasu dwukrotnie dluzszego do czasu stosowanego w typowych badaniach. Srodek ten ogrzewa sie mieszajac w temperaturze 150°C w ciagu okolo 16 godzin i nastepnie próbke jego nanosi na bibule stosowana do badan. Próbe porównawcza prowadzi sie mieszajac w podanej wyzej temperaturze i w takim samym czasie znany olej, zawierajacy znany dodatek dyspergujacy i nie tworzacy popiolu, pobrany równiez z kartem silnika Ford Sequence VC po 192 godzinach pracy. Na plamach otrzymanych na bibule mierzy sie przecietna srednice zewnetrznego pierscienia olejowego (D0 i przecietna srednice wewnetrznego pierscienia z osadem (Da). Stosunek Da : Do jest miara zdolnosci badanego srodka do dyspergowania oraz jego wlasciwosci pioracych. ¦ W tablicy II podano porównawcze wyniki dla trzech próbek o nastepujacym skladzie: A — próba porównawcza, olej bez dodatków, B - olej jak w próbie A z dodatkiem 1,0% produktu otrzymanego w sposób opisany w przykladzie III B, C —olej jak w próbie A z dodatkiem 1,0% produktu znanego jako srodek dyspergujacy, polepszajacy wskaznik lepkosci. Wyniki zestawiono w tablicy II. Tablica II Zdolnosc dyspergowania Próbka w% A 45 B 93 C 66 Dane te swiadcza o tym, ze produkty wytwarzane sposobem wedlug wynalazku sa wysoce skutecznymi srodkami dyspergujacymi, lepszymi od znanych srodków stosowanych do polepszania wskaznika lepkosci olejów smarowych. Dodatki do olejów smarowych wytworzone sposobem wedlug wynalazku poddano badaniom metoda Ford MS Sequence VC, opisana wSAE Technical Report J 183a, „Enqine Dii Performance and Enqine Services Classification". Próby, o których mowa w tych badaniach sa opisane w SAE Report J 304, i w ASTM STP 315. Badaniom poddawano próbki, których sklad w procentach objetosciowych byl nastepujacy: A. olej SAE 5 ekstrahowany rozpuszczalnikiem 49,8% olej SAE 10 ekstrahowany rozpuszczalnikiem 36,8% dwutiofosforan dwualkilocynkowy 1,2% zasadowy sulfonian magnezowy 1,2% produkt otrzymany w sposób opisany w przykladzie III B, o aktywnosci 13% (1,4% objetosciowy) 11,0% B. olej SAE 5 ekstrahowany rozpuszczalnikiem 25,1% olej SAE 10 ekstrahowany rozpuszczalnikiem 60,0% dwutiofosforan dwualkilocynkowy 1,2% zasadowy sulfonianmagnezowy 1,2% srodek obnizajacy temperature plynnosci 0,5% produkt otrzymany w sposób opisany w przykladzie III B zmieszany z produktem otrzymanym w sposób opisany w przykladzie IV B, zawierajacy 1,2% objetosciowe skladnika o aktywnosci10% 12,0% C. olej SAE 5 ekstrahowany rozpuszczalnikiem 30,0% olej SAE 10 ekstrahowany rozpuszczalnikiem 56,93% dwutiofosforan dwualkilocynkowy 1,1% znany srodek ulepszajacy wskaznik lepkosci 5,2% zasadowy sulfonianmagnezowy 2,0%89 361 silikonowy srodek przeciwkopienieniu 500 ppm znany srodek dyspergujacy, nie dajacy popiolu 4,77% 2% objetosciowe skladniki o aktywnosci 42% Wyniki porównawcze prób podano w tablicy III. Tabl i ca III Dane znamionowe silnika Próba Osad Powloka lakierowa Powloka lakierowa tloka A 8,4 v 8,5 7,3 B 9,5 8,6 7,5 C 9,0 8,5 8,2 Dane zamieszczone w tablicach 1, 2 i 3 swiadcza o tym, ze produkty otrzymane sposobem wedlug wynalazku maja równoczesnie bardzo dobra zdolnosc dyspergowania i polepszania wskaznika lepkosci. Procenty podane w opisie i zastrzezeniach, o ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, oznaczaja procenty wagowe. Z a s t r ze ze n i a p a te n t o we 1. Sposób wytwarzania rozpuszczalnego w oleju srodka do polepszania wlasciwosci olejów smarowych, stanowiacego produkt kondensacji utlenionego polimeru propylenu z aldehydem mrówkowym i alifatyczna amine oraz ewentualnie zawierajacego dodatek oleju smarowego w takiej ilosci, aby otrzymany srodek zawieral 0,1—75% wagowych produktu kondensacji, z n a nr i e n n y t y m, ze jako utleniony polimer propylenu stosuje sie utleniony bezpostaciowy kopolimer zawierajacy glównie propylen i etylen imajacy przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy co najmniej 10000 oraz zawierajacy na 1000 atomów wegla w lancuchu co najmniej 140 przylaczonych rodników metylowych, a reakcje kondensacji prowadzi sie w temperaturze 120—180°C, stosujac kopolimer, substancje bedaca zródlem aldehydu mrówkowego oraz amine w stosunku molowym od 1 :2 : 2 do 1 :20:20, przy czym jako alifatyczna amine stosuje sie alkiloamine o 2—12 atomach wegla, alifatyczna dwuamine o ogólnym wzorze H2 N(CH2 )yNH2, w którym y oznacza liczbe calkowita 3—10 albo polialkilenopo- liamine o ogólnym wzorze HN(ANH)xH, w którym A oznacza dwuwartosciowy rodnik alkilenowy o 2—6 atomach wegla, a x oznacza liczbe calkowita 1—10. in the following claims, amorphous copolymers obtained essentially only from ethylene and propylene, but optionally containing up to about 10% by mole ratio to the monomeric units of ethylene and propylene, other olefinic monomers of the general formula RCH = CH2, wherein R is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. butene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, decene-1, vinyl idenorbornene, 5-methylene norbornene-2, etc. As additional olefinic monomers, there may also be other olefins with multiple double bonds, especially ¦ diolefins with about 4 to 25 carbon atoms, e.g. 1,4-butadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5-methylhexadiene, 1,7-octadiene, etc. Suitable for use according to the invention, there are ethylene-propylene copolymers containing about 30-65%, preferably about 35-45% by mol of propylene, having an average molecular weight of at least about 20,000, e.g. about 20,000-200,000, and in particular about 25,000-40,000, and containing at least 150 attached of methyl radicals per 1000 carbon atoms in the chain. Particularly preferred are copolymers having the following characteristics: average molecular weight 25,000-35,000 propylene monomer content 38-42 mol% number of methyl radicals per 1000 carbon atoms 160-170 specific viscosity 1.7-2.0 viscosity measured by Gardner's method U-V measured viscosity Mooney method 20-35. Specific viscosity is measured at 135 ° C for a solution containing 0.1 g of copolymer in 100 ml of decalin, Gardner viscosity is measured at 25 ° C for a solution containing 8.0% copolymer in toluene, and Mooney viscosity is measured according to the ASTM standard D-1646. Methods for the preparation of such copolymers are known, e.g., from US patents. Nos. 2700633, 2726231, 2792288, 2933480, 3000866, 3063972 and 3093621. The oxidation process of the copolymer is carried out at a suitable temperature and at or above atmospheric pressure, using an oxidizing agent such as free oxygen or any oxygen-evolving substance under the process conditions. It is also possible to carry out the process in the presence of known oxidation catalysts, such as platinum or metals from the platinum group, compounds containing metals such as copper, iron, cobalt, cadmium, manganese, vanadium, etc. The oxidation is carried out according to the methods described, for example, in US patents .Am.89361 3 nrnt 2982728, 3316177, 3153025, 3365499 and 3544520. The temperature of the oxidation process is different depending on the type of oxidizing agent used. For example, for a strong agent, such as S03, a temperature of —50 ° to 200 ° C would be used, while for weaker oxidants, a temperature of 38-430 ° C would be used. Depending on the desired speed of the oxidation process, atmospheric pressure, above or below atmospheric pressure, as well as, if necessary, a catalyst is used. The temperature, pressure, oxygen and / or catalyst conditions are selected in known manner so as to obtain the best results. The oxidation process is carried out, for example, by adding 1 part of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, having an average molecular weight of around 28,000, in an open vessel, adding 9 parts of solvent-extracted SAE SW mineral oil and heating it to 180 ° under an inert gas atmosphere. The rubbery polymer is completely dissolved / then, maintaining the temperature of 180 ° C, the solution is stirred vigorously in an atmosphere containing 50% air and 50% nitrogen, causing the copolymer to oxidize. A mixture of 50% air and 50% nitrogen is used for this purpose to prevent the formation of an explosive mixture. The reaction takes 2.5-4.0 hours and 5-50 oxygen atoms are introduced per 1 molecule of copolymer. The amine component of the reaction in the process according to the invention is primary or secondary aliphatic amines or diamines of the general formula H ^ rNMCI-lyNNI, in which y is an integer of 3-10. These amines and diamines contain up to 10 carbon atoms. an alkyl radical. It is also possible to use polyalkylene polyamines in the general formula HN- (A — NH) XH, in which A is a divalent alkylene radical of about 2-6 carbon atoms and x is an integer of 1-10. R-examples of such amines are: methylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, propylamine, decylamine, ethylenediamine, trimethylene diamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylene triamine, triethylenetetramine, tetramethylene tetramine, tetramethylenepienicamine, triethylenepiethylamine, and other tetraphenylene polypropylene tetramines. The aldehyde reagents used in the process according to the invention are aliphatic aldehydes, e.g. formic, acetic or β-hydroxybutyric aldehyde. Formaldehyde or its source substances, for example paraformaldehyde or formalin, are particularly preferably used. The chemical composition of the reaction product cannot be precisely determined by a structural formula. Although it has been found that the oxidation of the copolymers produces mainly ketones, it has also been found that smaller amounts of aldehydes, acids and possibly esters can also be formed. Since the product cannot be precisely defined by a structural formula, it has to be defined according to the method of its production. The products according to the invention are effective additives to lubricating oils and when used in an amount of about 0.1-10%, they both disperse and improve viscosity indexes. These products can be used in the form of concentrated agents containing more than 10%, for example 10-75%, of the product in a mixture with a suitable base oil, possibly with the addition of known agents improving the properties of lubricating oils. The base oils used are mineral oils, e.g. petroleum, synthetic oils, e.g. prepared by polymerization of hydrocarbons, as well as oils of animal or vegetable origin. Such concentrates are mixed with lubricating oils in a given proportion to obtain a finished product containing 0.1-10% of the additive according to the invention. Example I. A. Preparation of copolymer. The amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymer is prepared by a solution polymerization carried out in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst in the form of a vanadium oxychloride solution in combination with a solution of ethylene sesquichloride. 1200 ml of anhydrous n-heptane are saturated at 30 ° C and 2.1 atm, with a gaseous mixture containing 50 mole% ethylene, 35 mole% propylene and 15 mole% hydrogen. The gaseous mixture was introduced at a rate of 100 liters / hour, passed through heptane and drained from the system. After the impregnation is complete, solutions of the catalyst components in heptane are added. The vanadium oxychloride solution at a concentration of 0.370% by weight is added to the olefin mixture at a rate of 13 ml / hour and the ethyl alcohol sesquichloride solution at a concentration of 0.459% by weight at a rate of 60 ml / hour. The molar ratio of aluminum to vanadium is 8.06. Once the polymerization has started, the propylene and ethylene feeds are adjusted to compensate for the greater reactivity of ethylene. The average weight ratio of propylene to ethylene is 2.3 determined by periodic gas chromatographic analysis. After 11/2 hours the polymerization is stopped by replacing the gaseous olefin mixture with nitrogen and the addition of the catalyst is stopped. The resulting mixture is washed twice with methanol to inactivate and remove the catalyst. The yield of the polymer per 1 g of VOCI34 89361 is 1680 g. The obtained polymer has an average molecular weight Mn / determined by the osmometric method, amounting to 28,000, the infrared spectrum shows the content of 159 methyl radicals attached per 1000 carbon atoms in the lanuch, and its specific viscosity, measured at temperature 135 ° C for a solution of 0.1 g in 100 ml of decalin, is 2.28 dl / g. B. The oxidation process of the copolymer is carried out so that a solution of 70 g of copolymer in 1000 g of heptane is kept at 120 ° C and nitrogen is passed through the solution to remove the heptane. After removal of the heptane, 280 g of SAE SW mineral oil were gradually added and the thick mixture was heated to 220 ° C. with vigorous stirring, while the nitrogen was interrupted to allow atmospheric oxygen to enter the reactor. After 30 minutes, the viscosity of the mixture decreases due to thermal and oxidative decomposition, making stirring possible at a temperature of 155 ° C, most favorable for the oxidation reaction. At this temperature, it is heated and stirred for more than 20.5 hours in total. The conversion as measured by silica gel chromatography is 100%. C. Condensation of the oxidized copolymer with aldehyde and amine. 900 g of benzene are added to 665 g of the oxidized copolymer in oil solution obtained as described in Chapter Bf containing 20% active oxidized copolymer and the solution is heated to 50 ° C, then 0.69 g of solid paraformaldehyde (0 , 25% by weight with respect to the oxidized polymer) and maintains the mixture at 60 ° C for 0.5 hours. Then, 2.66 g of hexamethylenediamine (2.0% by weight with respect to the oxidized copolymer) was added to the mixture and the solution was stirred vigorously under reflux at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. The resulting condensation product is heated to 150 ° C and blown at this temperature for 1 hour to remove the benzene. The product, freed from the solvent, is mixed with SAE SW oil in such an amount to obtain a preparation containing 13% of the active product. The product obtained by the process described above is completely transparent, has a color of 6.70 according to the ASTM scale and contains 0.06% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen. Example II. A. Oxidation of the copolymer. 70 g of the copolymer obtained in Example IA are dissolved in 1000 g of heptane, purified to 120 ° C and purged with nitrogen to remove the heptane. Then 630 g of solvent-extracted SAE SW mineral oil are added gradually and the thick mixture is heated at 180 ° C with vigorous stirring and a nitrogen purge. Purge under these conditions for 30 minutes to remove any traces of heptane. The purge with pure nitrogen is then interrupted and a gaseous mixture of 50% air in 50% nitrogen is introduced, heating and stirring at 180 ° C for a total of 3 hours. The conversion as measured by silica gel chromatography is 100%. Examination of the band of the infrared absorption spectrum at a wavelength of 5.8 microns (cell thickness is 0.05 mm) shows that the product contains 7.8 absorption units for carbonyl groups. B. Condensation of the oxidized copolymer with aldehyde and amine. 200 g of an oxidized copolymer, obtained as described in the previous paragraph, containing 10% active SAE SW copolymer in oil, is heated under nitrogen to 160 ° C, and 0.38 g of solid paraformaldehyde (1.9% by weight in % based on copolymer) and 1.5 g of molten, anhydrous hexamethylenediamine (7.5 wt.% with respect to the copolymer). Stirring at 160 DEG C. is continued for 2 hours, Mannich condensation takes place, and water is evolved. The condensation product is purged vigorously with nitrogen for 30 minutes to remove volatile by-products and then drained off, obtaining a completely clear product with the following properties; active condensation product content 10.0% nitrogen content 0.185% oxygen content 0.45% color according to ASTM 7.0 viscosity (SSU at 99 ° C) 3200. Example III. A. Oxidation of the copolymer. 115 g of the copolymer obtained as described in Example IA was dissolved in 1745 g of heptane and heated at 120 ° C while passing a nitrogen stream while adding gradually 770 g of solvent-extracted SAE SW mineral oil. The heptane removal was completed at 180 ° C, yielding 885 g of a solution containing 13% copolymer in oil. This copolymer is heated to 200 ° C, allowing air to enter the reactor, and the solution is stirred vigorously to facilitate contact of the solution with air, causing it to spatter. After 30 minutes, the viscosity of the solution decreases due to oxidative decomposition, and the temperature of the mixture is gradually reduced to 155 ° C, allowing the mixture to come into contact with air. At this temperature, a favorable ratio between the speed of the oxidation process and the undesirable decomposition of the polymer is maintained. The process is carried out for a total of 20.5 hours, yielding a product which, according to the analysis by chromatography on silica gel, contains 17% active oxidation products, which corresponds to a theoretical degree of oxidation (typical oxidation 5-6% of the oil used as solvent). , B. Condensation of an oxidized copolymer with an aldehyde and an amine. To 885 g of the product obtained as described in the preceding paragraph, 900 g of benzene are added, the solution is heated to 50 ° C under nitrogen and nitrogen gas is introduced into the solution at a rate of 0.0283 m3 / hour. Then 0.62 g (0.0207 mol) of powdered anhydrous paraformaldehyde was added all at once and the mixture was heated to 60 ° C for 0.5 hours, then 2.4 g (0.0207 mol) of molten liquid were added all at once. of anhydrous hexamethylenediamine, is stirred and rapidly heated to the boiling point of benzene (80 ° C) prior to reflux. The molar ratio of the reactants is 1: 4: 4. Keeping the mixture under a nitrogen atmosphere, the benzene is distilled from the water produced during the reaction, and after 1 hour, at a low speed of the distillation process, a clear liquid is obtained in the receiver, which indicates that the water has been completely removed and the Mannich condensation is complete. The remainder of the benzene is distilled off at 160 ° C. while nitrogen is introduced into the reactor at a rate of 0.17 m3 / hour for 1 hour. 880 g of a clear Mannich condensation product are obtained, which is 99.4% of theory. The product has the following properties: active ingredient content 13% nitrogen content 0.058% (according to theoretical calculations 0.063%) viscosity (SSU at 99 ° C) 2100. Example IV. 1625 g of a solution containing 130 g of oxidized copolymer, obtained as described in Example III A and 1495 g of solvent extracted SAE SW mineral oil, are mixed with 1200 ml of benzene and prepared for the Mannich condensation as given in Example III B, but then used for condensation oxidized copolymer, paraformaldehyde and hexamethylenediamine in a ratio of 1: 8.6: 8.6 with respect to the oxidized copolymer whose average molecular weight is 22,200. The condensations are carried out under the conditions given in example III B. A clear product with a yield of 99 is obtained .5% of the theoretical amount. The product has the following properties: active substance content 8.0% nitrogen content 0.084% (according to theoretical calculations 0.086%) viscosity (SSU at 99 ° C) 1125. Example V. In a manner analogous to that described in example IA, a 55 mol% copolymer is produced % ethylene, 35 mole% and 10 mole% decene-1 and subjected to oxidation as described in Example 1B, followed by a Mannich condensation reaction with paraformaldehyde and hexamethylenediamine as described in Example IC, using a ratio of 1: 4: 4. A product is obtained with an activity of 13% and a nitrogen content of 0.06%. The ability of the products produced according to the invention to improve the viscosity index of lubricating oils is indicated in Table I for the following samples: A - neutral oil 150 B - as sample A with 1.1% of undiluted product obtained as described in example IC, C - as sample A with 1.5% Mannich condensation product of oxidized polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of 1500. D — as sample With 1.5% Mannich condensation product of oxidized ethylene-propylene copolymer having an average molecular weight of 2000. T ab I ica I Viscosity SSU Index Sample at the temperature of 99 ° C viscosity A 43.5 108 B 57.5 142 C 45.0 110 D 46.0 110b 89361 The results given in Table I show that the Mannich condensation products produced according to the invention are highly effective and they give a given viscosity index to a base oil with a low viscosity index. The effectiveness of the compositions according to the invention is demonstrated by the results of a test known as the stain dispersion test. In this test, the measured amount of additive to be tested is mixed with the measured volume of crankcase lubricant for the Ford Sequence VC test over a period of 192 hours, which is twice as long as that used in typical tests. The substance is heated with stirring at 150 ° C for about 16 hours and then its sample is applied to the test paper. The comparative test is carried out by mixing at the above temperature and at the same time a known oil containing the known dispersing and non-ash additive also taken with the Ford Sequence VC engine card after 192 hours of operation. On the stains obtained on blotting paper, the average diameter of the outer oil ring (D0 and the average diameter of the inner ring with the sediment (Da) is measured. The ratio Da: Do is a measure of the dispersing ability of the test agent and its washing properties. ¦ Table II gives comparative results for three samples with the following composition: A - comparative test, oil without additives, B - oil as in test A with 1.0% of the product obtained as described in example III B, C - oil as in test A with 1.0% addition of the product known as a dispersing agent, improving the viscosity index The results are summarized in Table II Table II Dispersing capacity Sample in% A 45 B 93 C 66 These data prove that the products according to the invention are highly effective dispersants, better than the known ones of agents used to improve the viscosity index of lubricating oils. Additives to lubricating oils produced by the method according to the invention were tested by a Ford MS Sequence VC, described in SAE Technical Report J 183a, "Enqine Dii Performance and Enqine Services Classification." The tests referred to in these tests are described in SAE Report J 304 and in ASTM STP 315. The tests were carried out on samples with the following percentages by volume: A. SAE 5 oil solvent extracted 49.8% SAE 10 oil solvent extracted 36 , 8% dialkyl zinc dithiophosphate 1.2% basic magnesium sulphonate 1.2% product obtained as described in example III B, activity 13% (1.4% by volume) 11.0% B. SAE 5 oil extracted with solvent 25, 1% SAE 10 oil solvent extracted 60.0% zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate 1.2% basic magnesium sulphonate 1.2% liquid temperature depressant 0.5% product obtained as described in example III B mixed with the product obtained as described in example IV B, containing 1.2% by volume of the component with an activity of 10% 12.0% C. SAE 5 oil, solvent-extracted 30.0% SAE 10 oil, solvent-extracted 56.93% zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate 1.1% known medium of hives foam viscosity 5.2% basic magnesium sulfonate 2.0% 89 361 silicone antifoam 500 ppm known dispersant, no ash 4.77% 2% volumetric ingredients with activity 42%. Comparative test results are given in Table III. Table III Rated data of the motor Test Sediment Varnish coat Varnish coat on piston A 8.4 V 8.5 7.3 B 9.5 8.6 7.5 C 9.0 8.5 8.2 Data presented in tables 1 2 and 3 show that the products obtained by the process according to the invention have at the same time very good dispersibility and viscosity index improvement. Percentages given in the description and claims are percent by weight unless otherwise indicated. A method of producing an oil-soluble agent for improving the properties of lubricating oils, which is a condensation product of an oxidized polymer of propylene with formaldehyde and an aliphatic amine, and possibly containing an addition of lubricating oil in an amount such that the obtained agent contains 0, 1-75% by weight of the condensation product, known as an oxidized amorphous copolymer containing mainly propylene and ethylene having an average molecular weight of at least 10,000 and containing, per 1000 carbon atoms in a chain, at least 140 methyl radicals, and Condensation reactions are carried out at a temperature of 120-180 ° C, using a copolymer, a substance which is a source of formaldehyde and amine in a molar ratio of 1: 2: 2 to 1:20:20, with an aliphatic amine used with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an aliphatic diamine of the general formula H2 N (CH2) yNH2, where y is an integer of 3-10 or a polyalkylene polyamine of the general formula HN (ANH) xH in which A is a divalent alkylene radical of 2-6 carbon atoms and x is an integer of 1-10. 2. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze jako kopolimer poddawany procesowi utleniania stosuje sie kopolimer zawierajacy etylen i 30—65% molowych propylenu. 2. The method according to claim The process of claim 1, wherein the copolymer to be oxidized is an ethylene-containing copolymer with 30-65 mol% propylene. 3. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1j znamienny tym, ze stosuje sie kopolimer zawierajacy dodatkowo do 20% molowych trzeciego monomeru olefinowego o ogólnym wzorze RCH=CH2, w którym R oznacza rodnik alifatyczny lub cykloalifatyczny o 2—20 atomach wegla lub monomer dwuolefinowy zawierajacy 4—25 atomów wegla. < 3. The method according to p. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the copolymer additionally contains up to 20 mole% of a third olefinic monomer of the general formula RCH = CH2, in which R is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical with 2-20 carbon atoms or a diolefinic monomer having 4-25 carbon atoms. < 4. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 3, znamienny tym, ze jako trzeci monomer olefinowy stosuje sie decen-1. 4. The method according to p. The process of claim 3, wherein decene-1 is used as the third olefin monomer. 5. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 3, znamienny tym, ze stosuje sie kopolimer zawierajacy etylen i 38—42% molowych propylenu, majacy przecietny ciezar czasteczkowy 25000—35000 oraz zawierajacy na 1000 atomów wegla w lancuchu 160-170 rodników metylowych. 5. The method according to p. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the copolymer contains ethylene and 38-42 mole% propylene, has an average molecular weight of 25,000-35,000 and has 160-170 methyl radicals per 1000 carbon atoms in a chain. 6. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze jako alifatyczna amine stosuje sie czteroetyleno- piecioamine lub szesciometylenodwuamine. 6. The method according to p. The process of claim 1, wherein the aliphatic amine is tetraethylene pentamine or hexamethylene diamine. 7. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze jako substancje bedaca zródlem aldehydu mrówkowego stosuje sie paraformaldehyd. 7. The method according to p. The process of claim 1, wherein paraformaldehyde is used as the source of formaldehyde. 8. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1; znamienny tym, ze kopolimer, substancje bedaca zródlem aldehydu mrówkowego i amine stosuje sie w stosunku molowym 1 :14,5 :14,5. PL8. The method according to p. 1; characterized in that the copolymer, the formaldehyde source and the amine are used in a molar ratio of 1: 14.5: 14.5. PL
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IT990157B (en) 1975-06-20
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ZA734861B (en) 1974-06-26
AU5861073A (en) 1975-01-30
CS169845B2 (en) 1976-07-29
RO70133A (en) 1981-06-30
YU35371B (en) 1980-12-31
FR2195652A1 (en) 1974-03-08
US3872019A (en) 1975-03-18
SU633487A3 (en) 1978-11-15
JPS5681396A (en) 1981-07-03
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AU473566B2 (en) 1976-06-24
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HU174376B (en) 1979-12-28
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YU213573A (en) 1980-06-30

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