OA16906A - A synergistic herbicidal composition containing penoxsulam and glufosinateammonium. - Google Patents
A synergistic herbicidal composition containing penoxsulam and glufosinateammonium. Download PDFInfo
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- OA16906A OA16906A OA1201400232 OA16906A OA 16906 A OA16906 A OA 16906A OA 1201400232 OA1201400232 OA 1201400232 OA 16906 A OA16906 A OA 16906A
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- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- inhibitors
- composition
- végétation
- daim
- penoxsulam
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Abstract
A synergistic mixture of penoxsulam and glufosinate-ammonium controls weeds in crops, e.g., vineyards, orchards, perennial plantation crops, rice, corn, cereals, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, oilseed rape, vegetables, turf, range and pasture, industrial vegetation management (IVM), rights-of-way and in any glufosinate-ammonium and/or ALS (acetolactate synthase)-tolerant crops.
Description
This disclosure concems a synergistic herbiddal composition containing (a) penoxsulam and (b) glufosinate or a sait or ester thereof, e.g. glufosinate-ammonium for controlling the growth of undesirable végétation, e.g. in vineyards, orchards, perennial plantation crops, rice, corn, cereals, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, oilseed râpe, vegetables, turf, range and pasture, industrial végétation management (IVM), rights-of-way and In any glufosinate-ammonium and/or ALS (acetolactate synthase)-to!erant crops, Induding but not limited to vineyards, orchards, rice, corn, cereals, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, oilseed râpe, turf and vegetable crops. These compositions provide improved herbicldal weed control.
Background
The protection of crops from weeds and other végétation which Inhibit crop growth is a constantly recurring problem in agriculture. To help combat this problem, researchers in the field of synthetic chemistry hâve produced an extensive variety of chemicals and chemical formulations effective In the control of such unwanted growth. Chemical herbicides of many types hâve been disdosed in the literature and a large number are in commerda! use.
In some cases, herbiddal active ingrédients hâve been shown to be more effective in combination than when appiied individually and this is referred to as “synergism. As described in the Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Sdence Society of America, Ninth Edition, 2007, p. 429 synergism’ [is] an interaction of two or more factors such that the effect when combined is greater than the predicted effect based on the response to each factor appiied separately. The présent disdosure is based on the discovery that penoxsulam and glufosinate-ammonium, already known Individually for their herbiddal efficacy, display a synergistic effect when appiied in combination. Summarv
The présent disdosure concems a synergistic herbiddal mixture comprising a herbiddally effective amount of (a) penoxsulam and (b) glufosinate or a sait or ester thereof, e.g. glufosinateammonium. The compositions may also contain an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier.
The présent disclosure also concems herbiddal compositions for and methods of controlling the growth of undesirable végétation, particularly In vineyards, orchards, perennial plantation crops, rice, corn, cereals, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, oilseed râpe, vegetables, turf, vegetable crops, range and pasture, Industrial végétation management (IVM), rights-of-way and in any glufosinate-ammonium and/or ALS (acetolactate synthase)-tolerant crops, and the use of these synergistic compositions.
The species spectra of penoxsulam and glufosinate-ammonium, I.e., the weed species which the respective compounds control, are broad and highly complementary. It has now been found that in certain embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhîbit a synergistic action In the control of bamyardgrass {Echinochloa crus-galli, ECHCG), smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis, CYPDI), monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis, MOOVA) and Japanese bulrush (Schoenoplectus juncoides, SCPJU) at application rates equal to or lower than the rates ofthe individual compounds.
Detailed Description
Penoxsulam is the common name for 2-t2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]trlazolo[ 1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonaniide. Its herbiddal activity Is described in The Pestidde Manual, Fifteenth Edition, 2009. Penoxsulam controls Echinochloa spp., as well as many broadleaf, sedge and aquatic weeds In rice, and Apera spp. grass in cereals, as well as many broadleaf weeds in aquatics, tree and vine crops, cereal crops, range and pasture, IVM and turf.
Glufoslnate is the common name for 2-amino-4-(hydrOxymethylphosphinyl)butanoïc add. Its herbiddal activity Is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fifteenth Edition, 2009. An exemplary sait of glufosinate is glufosinate-ammonium, which has been used for control of a wide range of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses in fruit orchards, vineyards, rubber and oil palm plantations, omamental trees and bushes, non-crop land, and glufoslnate-tolerant crops.
The term herbicide Is used herein to mean an active Ingrédient that kills, controls or otherwise adversely modifies the growth of plants. A herbiddally effective or végétation- controlling amount is an amount of active ingrédient which causes an adversely modifying effed, which indudes déviations from natural development, killing, régulation, desiccation, retardation, and the like. The terms plants and végétation Indude germinant seeds, emerging seedlings, plants emerging from végétative propagules, and established végétation.
Herbiddal activity is exhibited by the compounds when they are applied diredly to the plant or to the locus of, I.e., area adjacent to the plant at any stage of growth. The effect observed dépends upon the plant spedes to be controlled, the stage of growth of the plant, the application parameters of dilution and spray drop size, the particle size of solid components, the envlronmental conditions at the time of use, the spécifie compound employed, the spécifie adjuvants and carriers employed, the soi! type, and the like, as well as the amount of chemical applied. These and other factors can be adjusted to promote non-selective or sélective herbiddal action. In some embodiments, the compositions described herein are applied as a post-emergence application, preemergence application, or in-water application to flooded paddy rice or water bodies (e.g., ponds, lakes and streams), to relatively immature, undesirable végétation to achieve the maximum control of weeds.
in some embodiments, the compositions and methods provided herein are utilîzed to control weeds in the presence of crops or in other settings, including but not limited to direct-seeded, water-seeded and transplanted rice, vineyards, orchards, perennial plantation crops, com, cereals, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, ollseed râpe, vegetables, turf, range and pasture, industrial végétation management (IVM), rights-of-way and in any glufosinate-ammonium and/or ALS (acetolactate synthase)-tolerant crops. In certain embodiments, the methods and compositions described herein do not injure or significantly Injure the crops.
In certain embodiments, the compositions and methods provided herein are utilized to control weeds In rice. In certain embodiments, the rice is dry-seeded, wet-seeded, water-seeded, or transplanted rice.
The compositions and methods described herein can be used to control undesirable végétation in glyphosate-tolerant-, glufosinate-tolerant-, dicamba-toierant-, phenoxy auxin-tolerant-, pyridyloxy auxin-tolerant-, aryloxyphenoxypropionate-tolerant-, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) Inhibitor-tolerant-, imidazolinone-tolerant-, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibttor-tolerant-, 4hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor-tolerant-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor-tolerant-, triazine-tolerant-, and bromoxynil-tolerant-crops (such as, but not limited to, soybean, cotton, canola/oilseed râpe, rice, cereals, com, turf, etc.), for example, in conjonction with glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, phenoxy auxins, pyridyloxy auxins, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, ACCase inhibitors, fmidazolinones, ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, PPO inhibitors, triazines, and bromoxynil. The compositions and methods may be used in controlling undesirable végétation in crops possessing multiple or stacked traits conferring tolérance to multiple chemistries and/or inhibitors of multiple modes of action. In some embodiments, penoxsuiam and glufosinateammonium or sait or ester thereof and complementary herbicide or sait or ester thereof are used in combination with herbicides that are sélective for the crop being treated and which complément the spectrum of weeds controlled by these compounds at the application rate employed. In some embodiments, the compositions described herein and other complementary herbicides are applied at the same time, either as a combination formulation or as a tank mlx.
The compositions and methods provided herein are utilized to control undesirable végétation. Undesirable végétation includes, but is not limited to, undesirable végétation that occurs in rice, vineyards, orchards, perennial plantation crops, corn, cereals, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, oilseed tape, vegetables, turf, range and pasture, industrial végétation management (IVM) and rights-of-way.
ln some embodiments of the methods described herein, the penosxulam and glufosinate are applied simultaneously or in the form of the compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the penoxsulam and glufosinate are applied sequentially, e.g., within 5,10,15, or 30 minutes of each other; 1, 2, 3,4, 5,10,12, 24,48 hour(s) or each other, or 1 weekof each other.
ln some embodiments, the methods provided herein are utilized to control undesirable végétation in rice. ln certain embodiments, the undesirable végétation is Brachiaria platyphytta (Groseb.) Nash (broadleaf slgnalgrass, BRAPP), Digltaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass, DIGSA), Echinochloa crus-galli (L) P. Beauv. (bamyardgrass, ECHCG), Echinochloa colonum (L.) LINK (junglerice, ECHCO), Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch (eariy watergrass, ECHOR), Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vaslnger (late watergrass, ECHPH), Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. (saramollagrass, ISCRU), Leptochloa chlnansis (L.) Nees (Chinese sprangletop, LEFCH), Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray (bearded sprangletop, LEFFA), Leptochloa panicoides (Presl.) Hitchc. (Amazon sprangletop, LEFPA), Panicum dichotomîflorum (L) Michx. (fall panicum, PANDI), Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (dallisgrass, PASDI), Cyperus dlfformls L. (smallflower flatsedge, CYPDI), Cyperus esculentus L (yellow nutsedge, CYPES), Cyperus iria L. (rice flatsedge, CYPIR), Cyperus rotundus L (purple nutsedge, CYPRO), Eleocharis species (ELOSS), Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (globe fringerush, FIMMI), Schoenoplectusjuncoides Roxb. (Japanese bulrush, SPCJU), Schoenoplectus maritimus L. (sea clubrush, SCPMA), Schoenoplectus mucronatus L. (ricefield bulrush, SCPMU), Aeschynomene species, (jointvetch, AESSS), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mari.) Griseb. (alligatorweed, ALRPH), Alisma plantago-aquatlca L. (common waterplantain, ALSPA), Amaranthus species, (pigweeds and amaranths, AMASS), Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (redstem, AMMCO), Eclipta alba (L) Hassk. (American false daisy, ECLAL), Heteranthera llmosa (SW.) WilldJVahl (ducksalad, HETLI), Heteranthera reniformis R. & P. (roundleaf mudplantain, HETRE), Ipomoea hederacea (L) Jacq. (ivyîeaf morningglory, IPOHE), Undernla dubia (L.) Pennell (low false pimpemel, LIDDU), Monochoria korsakowii Regel & Maack (monochoria, MOOKA), Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) C. Presl ex Kuhth, (monochoria, MOOVA), Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (doveweed, MUDNU), Polygonum pensylvanicum L, (Pennsylvania smartweed,
POLPY), Polygonum persicaria L. (ladysthumb, POLPE), Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (POLHP, mild smartweed), Rotala Indica (Willd.) Koehne (Indian toothcup, ROTIN), Saglttaria species, (arrowhead, SAGSS), Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory/Rydb. Ex Hill (hemp sesbania, SEBEX), or Sphenoclea zaylanlca Gaertn. (gooseweed, SPDZE).
ln some embodiments, the methods provided herein are utilized to control undesirable végétation in cereals. ln certain embodiments, the undesirable végétation Is Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass, ALOMY), Apera splca-vanti (L.) Beauv, (windgrass, APESV), Avena fatua L. (wild oat, AVEFA), Bromus tectorum L (downy brome, BROTE), Ldium multiflorum Lam. (italian ryegrass, LOLMU), Phalaris minorRetz. (littleseed canarygrass, PHAMI), Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass, POANN), Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes (yellow foxtail, SETLU), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail, SETVI), Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle, CIRAR), Galium aparine L. (catchweed bedstraw, GALAP), Kochia scoparia (L) Schrad. (kochia, KCHSC), Lamlum purpureum L. (purple deadnettle, LAMPU), Matricaria recutita L. (wild chamomile, MATCH), Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter (pineappleweed, MATMT), Papaver rhoeas L (common poppy, PAPRH), Polygonum convolvulus L. (wild buckwheat, POLCO), Salsda tragus L. (Russian thistle, SASKR), Stellaria media (L) Vill. (common chickweed, STEME), Veronica persica Poir. (Persian speedwell, VERPE), Vida arvensis Murr. (field violet, VIOAR), or Viola tricdor L (wiid violet, VIOTR).
ln some embodiments, the methods provided herein are utilized to control undesirable végétation ln range and pasture, IVM and rights of way. ln certain embodiments, the undesirable végétation is Ambrosia artemisiifdia L (common ragweed, AMBEL), Cassia obtusifolia (sickie pod, CASOB), Centaurea maculosa auct non Lam. (spotted knapweed, CENMA), Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle, CIRAR), Convdvulus arvensis L (field btndweed, CONAR), Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge, EPHES), Lactuca serriola LJTom. (prickly lettuce, LACSE), Plantago lanceolata L. (buckhom plantain, PLALA), Rumex obtusifolius L. (broadleaf dock, RUMOB), Sida spfnosa L. (prickly sida, SiDSP), Sinapls arvensis L. (wild mustard, SINAR), Sonchus arvensis L. (perennial sowthistle, SONAR), Sdidago species (goldenrod, SOOSS), Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers (dandelion, TAROF), Trifdium repens L. (white ciover, TRFRE), or Urtica dioica L (common nettle, URTDI).
ln some embodiments, the methods provided herein are utilized to control undesirable végétation found ln tree and vine, perennial crops and row crops, including but not Iimited to vineyards, orchards, perennial plantation crops, corn, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, ollseed râpe and vegetables. ln certain embodiments, the undesirable végétation is Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass, ALOMY), Avena fatua L. (wild oat, AVEFA), Brachiaria platyphylla (Groseb.) Nash (broadleaf sîgnalgrass, BRAPP), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass, DIGSA), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (bamyardgrass, ECHCG), Echlnochloa colonum (L.) Link flunglerice, ECHCO), Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass, LOLMU), Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (fall panlcum, PANDi), Panlcum miliaceum L (wild-proso millet, PANMi), Setarla faberi Herrm. (giant foxtail, SETFA), Set aria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail, SETVI), Sorghum halepense (L) Pers. (Johnsongrass, SORHA), Sorghum blcolor (L.) Moench ssp. Arundinaceum (shattercane, SORVU), Cyperus esculentus L (yellow nutsedge, CYPES), Cyperus rotundus L (purple nutsedge, CYPRO), Abutîlon theophrasti Medik. (velvetleaf, ABUTH), Amarenthus species (pigweeds and amaranths, AMASS), Ambrosia art emisiifolia L. (common ragweed, AMBEL), Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (western ragweed, AMBPS), Ambrosia trifida L. (giant ragweed, AMBTR), Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed, ASCSY), Chenopodium album L. (common lambsquarters, CHEAL), Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle, CIRAR), Commelina benghalensis L (tropical spiderwort, COMBE), Datura stramonium L. Oimsonweed, DATST), Daucus carota L. (wild carrot, DAUCA), Euphorbia heterophylla L. (wild poinsettia, EPHHL), Erigeron bonariensis L. (haïry fleabane, ERIBO), Erigeron canadensis L. (Canadian fleabane, ERICA), Helianthus annuus L. (common sunflower, HELAN), Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. (smallflower momingglory, IAQTA), Ipomoea hederacea (L) Jacq. (ivyleaf momlngglory, IPOHE), Ipomoea lacunosa L. (white momingglory, IPOLA), Lactuca serriola L./Tom. (prickly lettuce, LACSE), Portulaca oleracea L (common purslane, POROL), Sida splnosa L. (prickly sida, SIDSP), Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard, SINAR), Solanum ptychanthum Dunal (eastem black nightshade, SOLPT), or Xanthium strumarium L. (common cocklebur, XANST).
In some embodiments, the compositions and methods provided herein are utilized to control undesirable végétation consisting of grass, broadleaf and sedge weeds. In certain embodiments, the compositions and methods provided herein are utilized to control undesirable végétation including Cyperus, Echinochloa, Monochoria and Schoenoplectus.
In some embodiments, the combination of (a) penoxsulam and (b) glufosinate-ammonium or agriculturally acceptable sait or ester thereof are used to control Cyperus difformls L (smallflower umbrella sedge, CYPDI), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (bamyardgrass, ECHCG), monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis, MOOVA) and Schoenoplectus juncddes (Roxb.) Palla (Japanese bulrush, SCPJU).
Penoxsulam and glufosinate-ammonium, or an agriculturally acceptable sait or ester thereof, may be used to control herbicide résistant or tolérant weeds. The methods employing the combination of penoxsulam and glufosinate-ammonium, or agriculturally acceptable sait or ester thereof, and the compositions described herein may also be employed to control herbicide résistant or tolérant weeds. Exemplary résistant or tolérant weeds inciude, but are not limited to, biotypes résistant or tolérant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, photosystem II Inhibitors, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, synthetic auxins, photosystem I inhibitors, 5enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase Inhibitors, microtubule assembly inhibitors, lipid synthesis inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis Inhibitors, very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibitors, phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, herbicides with multiple modes-of-action such as quinclorac, and unclassified herbicides such as arylaminopropionic acids, difenzoquat, endothali, and organoarsenicais. Exemplary résistant or tolérant weeds inciude, but are not limited to, biotypes with résistance or tolérance to multiple herbicides, multiple chemicai classes, and multiple herbicide modes-of-action.
ln some embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinate in the compositions and methods described herein lies within the range of 1:400 to about 3:1, and in another embodiment, from about 1:200 to about 1.5:1. ln some embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinate-ammonium is from about 1:168 to about 1:1.4, and in another embodiment, from about 1:56 to about 1:1.
In some embodiemtns, the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinate-ammonium is from about 1:1.75 to about 1:112. ln embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinateammonium is from about 1:3.5 to about 1:56. ln some embodiemtns, the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinate-ammonium is from about 1:1.75 to about 1:112. ln embodiments, the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinate-ammonium is from about 1:3.5 to about 1:3.5 to about 1:14.
The rate at which the synergistic composition is applied will dépend upon the particular type of weed to be controlled, the degree of control required, and the timing and method of application. The composition of the disclosure can be applied at an application rate from about 40 grams of active ingrédient per hectare (gai/ha) to about 890 gal/ha based on the total amount of active Ingrédients ln the composition, ln one embodiment, penoxsulam is applied at a rate from about 2.5 g/ha to about 100 g/ha and glufosinate-ammonium is applied at a rate of abouti 7.5 g/ha to about 1700g/ha. In another embodiment, penoxsulam is applied at a rate from about 5 g/ha to about 50 g/ha and glufosinate-ammonium is applied at a rate from about 35 g/ha to about 840 g/ha. ln another embodiment, penoxsulam is applied at a rate from about 5 g/ha to about 20 g/ha and glufosinate-ammonium is applied at a rate from about 35 g/ha to about 280 g/ha.
The components of the synergistic mixture of the présent disclosure can be applied either separately or as part of a multipart herbicidal system.
The synergistic mixture of the présent disclosure can be applied in conjunction with one or more other herbicides to control a wider variety of undeslrable végétation. When used in conjunction with other herbicides, the composition can be formulated with the other herbicide or herbicides, tank-mixed with the other herbicide or herbicides, or applied sequentially with the other herbicide or herbicides. Some of the herbicides that can be employed In conjunction with the synergistic composition of the présent disclosure Include: 4-CPA; 4-CPB; 4-CPP; 2.4-D; 3,4-DA;
2,4-DB; 3,4-DB; 2,4-DEB; 2,4-DEP; 3,4-DP; 2,3,6-TBA; 2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-TB; acetochlor, adfluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, allyl alcohol, alorac, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin, amlcarbazone, amidosulfuron, amïnocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, amiprofos-methyl, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, anïsuron, asulam, atraton, atrazine, azafenldin, azimsulfuron, aziprotryne, barban, BCPC, beflubutamid, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron, bensulide, bentazone, benzadox, benzfendïzone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzoylprop, benzthiazuron, bicyciopyrone, bifenox, bïlanafos, blspyribac, borax, bromacll, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, brompyrazon, butachlor, butafenacll, butamifos, butenachlor, buthidazole, buthiuron, butralin, butroxydim, buturon, butylate, cacodylic acid, cafenstrole, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamlde, cambendichlor, carbasulam, carbetamlde, carboxazole chlorprocarb, carfentrazone, CDEA, CEPC, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chloranocryl, chlorazifop, chlorazine, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole, chiorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlomitrofen, chloropon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chloroxynil, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthai, chlorthiamld, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, dsanilide, clethodim, cliodinate, clodinafop, dofop, domazone, clomeprop, doprop, doproxydim, clopyralid, doransulam, CMA, copper sulfate, CPMF, CPPC, credazine, cresol, cumyluron, cyanatryn, cyanazine, cydoate, cydosulfamuron, cydoxydim, cycluron, cyhalofop, cyperquat, cyprazine, cyprazole, cypromid, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, delachlor, desmedipham, desmetryn, di-allate, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichloralurea, dichlormate, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, didofop, didosulam, diethamquat, diethatyl, difenopenten, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dïmepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dtmexano, dimidazon, dinitramine, dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, diphenamld, dipropetryn, diquat, disul, dithïopyr, diuron, DMPA. DNOC, DSMA, EBEP, eglînazine, endothal, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethidimuron, ethlolate, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxysulfuron, etinofen, etnipromid, etobenzanid, EXD, fenasulam, fenoprop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxasulfone, fenteracoi, fenthiaprop, fentrazamide, fenuron, ferrous sulfate, flamprop, flamprop8
M, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fl uazolate, flucarbazone, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenican, flufenpyr, flumetsulam, flumezin, flumldorac, flumloxazln, flumipropyn, fluometuron, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoromldine, fluoronitrofen, fluothluron, flupoxam, flupropacii, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthlacet, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine, furyloxyfen, glyphoate, haiosafen, halosulfuron, haloxydine, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, hexachioroacetone, hexaflurate, hexazinone, Imazamethabenz, imazamox, Imazapic, Imazapyr, Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, Imazosulfuron, Indanofan, Indaziflam, iodobonil, lodomethane, iodosulfuron, lofensulfuron, Ioxynil, Ipazine, Ipfencarbazone, Iprymidam, isocarbamld, Isocil, isomethlozin, Isonoruron, isopolïnate, Isopropalin, Isoproturon, Isouron, Isoxaben, Isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, karbutilate, ketospiradox, lactofen, lenacil, iinuron, MAA, ΜΑΜΑ, MCPA, MCPA-thloethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, medinoterb, mefenacet, mefluldide, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metam, metamifop, metamîtron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron, methalpropalin, methazole, methiobencarb, methlozolin, methiuron, methometon, methoprotryne, methyl bromide, methyl isothlocyanate, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, monalide, monlsouron, monochloroacetic acid, monolïnuron, monuron, morfamquat, MSMA, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, neburon, nlcosulfuron, nipyraclofen, nitralin, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, norflurazon, noruron, OCH, orbencarb, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxapyrazon, oxasulfuron, oxazlclomefone, oxyfluorfen, parafluron, paraquat, pebulate, pelargonlc acid, pendlmethalin, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluldone, pethoxamid, phenlsopham, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenylmercury acetate, pidoram, picolinafen, plnoxaden, plperophos, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, pretilachlor, primlsulfuron, procyazlne, prodiamine, profluazol, profluralin, profoxydim, proglinazine, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaqulzafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propyrisulfuron, propyzamlde, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, proxan, prynachlor, pydanon, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyrimlsulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, qulnodamine, quinonamid, quizalofop, qulzalofop-P, rhodethanil, rimsulfuron, saflufenadl, S-metolachlor, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, slmeton, sîmetryn, SMA, sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, sulfuric acid, suiglycapin, swep, TCA, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbadi, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetrafluron, thenylchlor, thîazafluron, thiazopyr, thidiazimin, thldiazuron, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, top ramez one, tralkoxydim, triafamone, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tricamba, triclopyr, tridiphane, trietazîne, trifloxysulfuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, trifop, trifopsime, trihydroxytriazine, trimeturon, tripropindan, tritac tritosulfuron, vemolate, xylachlor and salts, esters, chollne salts, optically active isomers and mixtures thereof.
The synergistic composition of the présent disclosure can, further, be used in conjunction with dicamba, imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, or 2,4-D on glyphosate-tolerant, dicamba-tolerant, imidazolinone-tolerant, sulfonylurea-tolerant and 2,4-D-tolerant crops. In one embodiment, the synergistic composition of the présent disclosure is used in combination with herbicides that are sélective for the crop being treated and which complément the spectrum of weeds controlled by these compounds at the application rate employed. In another embodiment, the synergistic composition described herein Is applied at the same time, either as a combination formulation or as a tank mix, with other complementary herbicides.
in one embodiment, the synergistic composition of the présent disclosure is used in mixtures containing a herbicldally effective amount of the herbicidal components along with at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or carrier. Suitable adjuvants or carriers should not be phytotoxic to valuable crops, particularly at the concentrations employed In appiying the compositions for sélective weed control in the presence of crops, and should not react chemically with herbicidal components or other composition Ingrédients. Such mixtures can be designed for application directly to weeds or their locus or can be concentrâtes or formulations that are normally diluted with additional carriers and adjuvants before application. They can be solids, such as, for example, dusts, granules, water-dispersible granules, or wettable powders, or liquids, such as, for example, emulsifiabie concentrâtes, solutions, émulsions or suspensions. They can also be provided as a pre-mix or can be tank mixed.
Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers that are useful In preparing the herbicidal mixtures of the composition described herein are well known to those skilled in the art. Some of these adjuvants Include, but are not limited to, crop oil concentrate (minerai oil (85%) + emulsîfiers (15%)); nonylphenoi ethoxylate; benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quatemary ammonium sait; blend of petroleum hydrocarbon, alkyl esters, organic acid, and anlonîc surfactant; Ce-Cn alkylpolyglycoslde; phosphated alcohol ethoxylate; natural primary alcohol (CirC19) ethoxylate; disec-butylphenol EO-PO block copolymer; polysîloxane-methyl cap; nonylphenoi ethoxylate + urea ammonium nitrate; emulsified methylated seed oil; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate (8EO); tallow amine ethoxylate (15 EO); PEG(400) dioleate-99.
Liquid carriers that can be employed include water and organic solvents. The organic solvents used include, but are not limited to, petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons such as minerai oil, aromatic solvents, paraffinic oils, and the like; vegetable oils such as soybean oil, râpeseed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, cocon ut oil, com oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like; esters of the above vegetable oils; esters of monoalcohols or dihydric, trihydric, or other lower polyalcohols (4-6 hydroxy containing), such as 2-ethyl hexyl stéarate, n-butyt oleate, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol dioleate, di-octyl succinate, di-butyt adipate, di-octyl phthalate and the like; esters of mono, di and polycarboxylic acids and the like. Spécifie organic solvents Include toluene, xylene, petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, Isopropyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycérine, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, Ν,Ν-dlmethyl alkylamldes, dimethyi sulfoxide, liquid fertilizers and the like. In some embodiments, water Is the carrier for the dilution of concentrâtes.
Suitable solid carriers Include talc, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgus clay, kaolin clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, Fulleris earth, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin, and the like.
In one embodiment, one or more surface-active agents are incorporated Into the compositions of the présent disclosure. Such surface-active agents are advantageously employed In both solid and liquid compositions, especially those designed to be diluted with carrier before application. The surface-active agents can be anionic, cationic or nonionic In character and can be employed as emuisifying agents, wetting agents, suspendlng agents, or for other purposes. Surfactants conventionally used In the art of formulation and which may also be used in the présent formulations are described, Inter elia, In McCutcheon’s Détergents and Emulsifiers Annual,’ MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, New Jersey, 1998 and in “Encyclopedia of Surfactants, Vol. l-lll, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1980-81. Typical surface-active agents Include salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanol-ammonium laury! sulfate; alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecyl-benzene-sulfonate; alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol-Cie ethoxylate; alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol-Cu ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stéarate; alkyl-naphthalene-sulfonate salts, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfo-sucdnate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quatemary amines, such as laury! trimethylammonium chloride; polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stéarate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; salts of mono- and dialkyl phosphate esters; vegetable or seed oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed/canola oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, com oïl, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like; and esters, Including but not limited to, methyl esters of the above vegetable oils.
Some of these materials, such as vegetable or seed oils and their esters, can be used Interchangeably as an agriculture! adjuvant, as a liquid carrier or as a surface active agent.
Other additives used in agriculture! compositions include compatibilizing agents, antifoam agents, sequestering agents, neutralizing agents and buffers, corrosion Inhibitors, dyes, odorants, spreading agents, pénétration aids, sticking agents, dispersing agents, thickening agents, freezing point depressants, antimicrobial agents, and the like. The compositions may also contain other compatible components, for example, other herbicides, plant growth régulants, fongicides, insecticides, and the like and can be formulated with liquid fertilizers or solid, particulate fertilizer carriers such as ammonium nitrate, urea and the like.
!n one embodiment, the concentration of the active ingrédients in the synergistic composition of the présent disclosure is from 0.1 to 98 percent by weight. In another embodiment, concentrations from 2 to 90 percent by weight are employed. In compositions designed to be employed as concentrâtes, the active ingrédients are présent in a concentration from 5 to 98 weight percent, and in another embodiment, from 10 to 90 weight percent. In one embodiment, such compositions are diluted with an inert carrier, such as water, before making a postemergence, foliar application to exposed weed and crop foliage, or applied as a dry or liquid formulation directly into flooded rice fields. The diluted compositions described herein that are applied as a postemergence, foliar application to weeds or the locus of weeds contain 0.05 to 10 weight percent active Ingrédient (ai) and, In another embodiment, contain 0.2 to 3.0 weight percent ai.
The présent compositions can be applied to weeds or their locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to Irrigation or paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled In the art.
The following examples illustrate the présent disclosure.
Example
Evaluation of Postemergence Herblcidal Activity of Mixtures under Field Conditions Methodology
Field trials were conducted in rice using standard herbicide small plot research methodology. Plot size was 2 square meters (m2) using 1.6 meter (m) diameter rings placed into the rice paddy soil with capability for flooding to maintain good rice cultural practices and rice growing conditions. There were 3 replicates per treatment Rice was Japonica type that was sown as wet-seeded rice (pre-germinated) into the saturated soit in the rings as per normal cuitural practices. The rice crop was grown using normal cultural practices for fertilization, seeding, watering, flooding and maintenance to ensure good growth of the crop and the weeds under seeded rice conditions in Taiwan. Ring plot water conditions were maintained under saturated soil conditions after planting. Just prior to treatment application, any remaining plot water was dratned to maintain saturated soil in ring plot. Treatments were applied by backpack using compressed air at 30 pounds per square inch (psi) using Fiat Fan nozzles at a spray volume of 450 Uters/hectare (L/ha). Penoxsulam was applied as the Fencer® 25OD formulation. Glufosinate-ammonium was applied as the Basta* 135 SL formulation.
Ail treatments in the field trials were applied by spraying the treatments on the rice and weeds and evaluated at 7,14, or 28 days after application (DAA). Commercîally available products of penoxsulam (FENCER 25OD) and glufosinate-ammonium (BASTA135 SL) were mixed in water and sprayed onto the rice and weeds with the appropriate formulated product amounts to treat 2 m2 to achieve the desired application rates based on unit area of application (hectare).
The treated and control plots were rated blind at various intervals after application, with the last évaluation taken 28 days after application. Ratings were based on percent (%) Visual weed control, where 0 corresponds to no control and 100 corresponds to complété control. Results are reported in Tables 1 through 6.
Evaluation
Data was collected and analyzed using various statistical methods.
Colby*s équation was used to détermine the herbicida I effects expected from the mixtures (Colby, S. R. Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic response of herbicide combinations. Weeds 1967 15,20-22). Results are shown where P <0.05 according to Colb/s method of analysis.
The following équation was used to calculate the expected activity of mixtures containing two active ingrédients, A and B:
Expected = A + B · (A x B/100)
A = observed efficacy of active ingrédient A at the same concentration as used in the mixture;
B = observed efficacy of active ingrédient B at the same concentration as used in the mixture.
The results are summarized in Tables 1 through 6.
Table 1. Synergistic weed control of ECHCG at 14 Days After Application (DAA) following a postemergence application of Penoxsulam + Glufosinate-ammonium to wet-seeded rice.
Penoxsulam | Glufosinateammonium | DAA | ECHCG (% Control) | |
(grams ai/ha) | Obs* | Expected* | ||
5 | 0 | 14 | 53 | - |
0 | 35 | 14 | 0 | - |
5 | 35 | 14 | 62 | 53 |
10 | 0 | 14 | 62 | - |
0 | 35 | 14 | 0 | - |
10 | 35 | 14 | 77 | 62 |
10 | 0 | 14 | 62 | - |
0 | 70 | 14 | 0 | - |
10 | 70 | 14 | 85 | 62 |
10 | 0 | 14 | 62 | - |
0 | 140 | 14 | 27 | - |
10 | 140 | 14 | 87 | 72 |
Table 2. Synergistic weed control of ECHCG at 28 Days After Application (DAA) following a postemergence application of Penoxsulam + Glufosinate-ammonium to wet-seeded rice.
Penoxsulam | Glufosinateammonium | DAA | ECHCG (% Control) | |
(grams ai/ha) | Obs* | Expected* | ||
5 | 0 | 28 | 30 | - |
0 | 280 | 28 | 13 | - |
5 | 280 | 28 | 92 | 39 |
10 | 0 | 28 | 42 | - |
0 | 35 | 28 | 0 | - |
10 | 35 | 28 | 50 | 42 |
10 | 0 | 28 | 42 | - |
0 | 70 | 28 | 0 | - |
10 | 70 | 28 | 57 | 42 |
10 | 0 | 28 | 42 | - |
0 | 140 | 28 | 0 | - |
10 | 140 | 28 | 60 | 42 |
10 | 0 | 28 | 42 | - |
0 | 280 | 28 | 13 | - |
10 | 280 | 28 | 87 | 50 |
20 | 0 | 28 | 87 | - |
0 | 70 | 28 | 0 | - |
20 | 70 | 28 | 93 | 87 |
Table 3. Synergistîc weed control of CYPDI at 14 Days After Application (DAA) following a postemergence application of Penoxsulam + Glufosinate-ammonium to wet-seeded rice.
Penoxsulam | Glufosinateammonium | DAA | CYPDI (% Control) | |
(grams ai/ha) | Obs* | Expected* | ||
5 | 0 | 14 | 73 | - |
0 | 35 | 14 | 0 | - |
5 | 35 | 14 | 93 | 73 |
5 | 0 | 14 | 73 | - |
0 | 70 | 14 | 0 | - |
5 | 70 | 14 | 93 | 73 |
5 | 0 | 14 | 73 | - |
0 | 140 | 14 | 0 | - |
5 | 140 | 14 | 93 | 73 |
Table 4. Synergistlc weed control of M00VA at 14 Days After Application (DAA) following a postemergence application of Penoxsulam + Glufosinate-ammonium to wet-seeded rice.
Penoxsulam | Glufosinateammonium | DAA | MOOVA (% Control) | |
(grams ai/ha) | Obs* | Expected* | ||
5 | 0 | 14 | 37 | - |
0 | 18 | 14 | 0 | - |
5 | 18 | 14 | 83 | 37 |
5 | 0 | 14 | 37 | - |
0 | 70 | 14 | 0 | - |
5 | 70 | 14 | 90 | 37 |
Table 5. Synergistic weed control of SCPJU at 7 Days After Application (DAA) following a postemergence application of Penoxsulam + Glufosinate-ammonium to wet-seeded rice.
Penoxsulam | Glufosinateammonium | DAA | SCPJU (% Control) | |
(grams ai/ha) | Obs* | Expected* | ||
5 | 0 | 7 | 40 | - |
0 | 18 | 7 | 0 | - |
5 | 18 | 7 | 80 | 40 |
5 | 0 | 7 | 40 | - |
0 | 35 | 7 | 0 | - |
5 | 35 | 7 | 85 | 40 |
5 | 0 | 7 | 40 | - |
0 | 140 | 7 | 0 | - |
5 | 140 | 7 | 92 | 40 |
20 | 0 | 7 | 92 | - |
0 | 70 | 7 | 0 | - |
20 | 70 | 7 | 99 | 92 |
Table 6. Synergistic weed control of SCPJU at 28 Days After Application (DAA) following a postemergence application of Penoxsulam + Glufosinate-ammonium to wet-seeded rice.
Penoxsulam | Glufosinateammonium | DAA | SCPJU (% Control) | |
(grams ai/ha) | Obs* | Expected* | ||
5 | 0 | 28 | 0 | - |
0 | 18 | 28 | 0 | - |
5 | 18 | 28 | 53 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 28 | 0 | - |
0 | 35 | 28 | 0 | - |
5 | 35 | 28 | 53 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 28 | 0 | - |
0 | 70 | 28 | 0 | - |
5 | 70 | 28 | 83 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 28 | 0 | - |
0 | 140 | 28 | 0 | - |
5 | 140 | 28 | 47 | 0 |
ECHCG - bamyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
CYPDI - smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus diïformis) MOOVA - monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis)
SCPJU - Japanese bulrush (Schoenoplectus juncoides) grams ai/ha - grams of active ingrédient per hectare
Obs* - percent weed control observed
Expected* - percent weed control expected by Colby équation
Claims (26)
- WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:1. A synergistic herbicldal com postion comprising a he rbici daily effective amount of (a) penoxsulam and (b) glufosinate-ammonium.
- 2. The compostion of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinate-5 ammonium Is from 1:400 to 3:1.
- 3. The composition of daim 1, wherein the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinateammonium Is from 1:200 to 1.5:1.
- 4. The composition of daim 1, wherein the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinateammonium Isfrom 1:1.75 to 1:112.10
- 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of penoxsulam to glufosinateammonium is from 1:3.5 to 1:56.
- 6. The composition of daim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an agriculturaily acceptable adjuvant or carrier.
- 7. The composition of daim 1, wherein the composition further comprises water.15
- 8. The composition of daim 1, wherein the composition is synergistic as determined by theColby équation.
- 9. A method of controlling undesirable végétation comprising (a) contacting the végétation or area adjacent to the végétation with the composition of claim 1 or20 (b) pre-emergently applying the composition of claim 1 to soil or water.
- 10. The method of daim 9, wherein method comprises contacting the végétation or area adjacent to the végétation with the composition of claim 1.
- 11. The method of daim 10, wherein the composition Is the composition of daim 5.
- 12. The method of daim 9, wherein method comprises pre-emergently applying the composition 25 of claim 1 to soil or water.
- 13. The method of daim 12, wherein the composition is the composition of daim 5.
- 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the undesirable végétation is controlled in rice, cereals, soybeans, cotton, sunflower, oilseed râpe, vegetables, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, com, maize, pastures, grasslands, rangelands, fallowland, turf, tree or vine orchards, aquatics, industrial30 végétation management, or rights of way.
- 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the undesirable végétation is controlled in rice.
- 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the undesirable végétation Is Immature.
- 17. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) or (b), the composition is applied to water.
- 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the water is part of a flooded rice paddy.
- 19. The method of any of claim 9, wherein the undesirable végétation is controlied in glyphosate-, glufosinate-, dicamba-, phenoxy auxins-, pyridyloxy auxins-, aryloxyphenoxypropionates-, acetyl CoA carboxyiase (ACCase) inhibitors-, imidazolinones-, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors-, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors-, triazines-, or bromoxynil- tolérant crop.
- 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the tolérant crop possesses multiple or stacked traits conferring tolérance to multiple herbicides or inhibitors of multiple modes of action.
- 21. The method of claim 9 wherein the undesirable végétation comprises a herbicide résistant or tolérant weed.
- 22. The method of daim 21, wherein the résistant or tolérant weed is a biotype with résistance or tolérance to multiple herbicides, multiple chemical classes, or Inhibitors of multiple herbidde modes-of-adion.
- 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the résistant or tolérant weed is a biotype résistant or tolérant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) Inhibitors, photosystem II inhibitors, acetyl CoA carboxyiase (ACCase) inhibitors, synthetic auxins, photosystem I Inhibitors, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, microtubule assembly inhibitors, lipid synthesis Inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) Inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis Inhibitors, very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibitors, phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, mitosis Inhibitors, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, herbiddes with multiple modes-of-action, quindorac, arylaminoproplonic adds, difenzoquat, endothall, or organoarsenicals.
- 24. The method of daim 9, wherein the undesirable végétation is Cyperus, Echinochloa, Monchoria, or Schoenoplecus végétation.
- 25. The method of daim 9, wherein the undesirable végétation Is CYPDI, ECHCG, MOOVA, or SCPJU.
- 26. A method of controlling undesirable végétation comprising (a) contacting the végétation or area adjacent to the végétation with penoxsulam and glufosinate ammonium or (b) applying penoxsulam and glufosinate ammonium the composition of daim 1 to soil or water, wherein the penoxsulam and glufosinate ammonium Is contacted or applied simultaneously or sequentially.
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