NZ624457B2 - Composition and methods for improving organoleptic properties of food products - Google Patents

Composition and methods for improving organoleptic properties of food products Download PDF

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Publication number
NZ624457B2
NZ624457B2 NZ624457A NZ62445712A NZ624457B2 NZ 624457 B2 NZ624457 B2 NZ 624457B2 NZ 624457 A NZ624457 A NZ 624457A NZ 62445712 A NZ62445712 A NZ 62445712A NZ 624457 B2 NZ624457 B2 NZ 624457B2
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NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
food product
polysaccharide
coating
cross
solution
Prior art date
Application number
NZ624457A
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NZ624457A (en
Inventor
Genevieve Girard
Original Assignee
Fruitsymbiose Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fruitsymbiose Inc filed Critical Fruitsymbiose Inc
Priority claimed from PCT/CA2012/000930 external-priority patent/WO2013049928A1/en
Publication of NZ624457A publication Critical patent/NZ624457A/en
Publication of NZ624457B2 publication Critical patent/NZ624457B2/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/10Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23B7/05Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of chemicals or treatment with chemicals other than cryogenics, before or during cooling, e.g. in the form of an ice coating or frozen block
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/16Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3454Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23L3/3463Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A23L3/3562Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/20Ingredients acting on or related to the structure
    • A23V2200/22Coating agent
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/15Inorganic Compounds
    • A23V2250/156Mineral combination
    • A23V2250/1578Calcium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/50Polysaccharides, gums
    • A23V2250/502Gums
    • A23V2250/5026Alginate

Abstract

The disclosure relates to an edible coating for preserving at least one organoleptic property of food products in which the coating comprises a polysaccharide solution and a cross-linking agent solution. The polysaccharide may be carrageenan, gellan, sodium alginate and pectin and the cross-linking agent solution may be calcium ascorbate. The coating may further comprise an antimicrobial agent, an antioxidant agent and a nutraceutical agent. The disclose also relates to a method of preserving a food using such a coating. agent solution may be calcium ascorbate. The coating may further comprise an antimicrobial agent, an antioxidant agent and a nutraceutical agent. The disclose also relates to a method of preserving a food using such a coating.

Description

ITION AND S FOR IMPROVING ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF FOOD PRODUCTS RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/544,873, filed on October 07, 2011, and entitled “Composition and methods for improving organoleptic properties of food products”, the specification of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present subject matter relates to a composition and methods for improving organoleptic properties of food products, and more specifically the organoleptic properties of fruits and vegetables that are subjected to a l treatment or cooking.
BACKGROUND The use of edible coatings is a known technique to increase shelf-life of fresh food products such as fruits and bles. Edible coatings create a physical barrier between the fruit or vegetable and the surrounding environment, and reduce ripening ons such as color and aroma changes, desiccation and degradation of the product. Edible coatings are thus effective in creating a micro- environment for each individual fruit, vegetable or part thereof, thereby retaining humidity and reducing respiration and oxidation and extending shelf life of the products.
Edible coatings known in the art e ccharide-, protein- and lipid-based edible gs. Protein-based edible coatings typically include whey protein, soy protein, , corn protein and/or sodium caseinate. While being efficient, the use of protein-based coating may be limited by current concerns with food allergies since many of the protein ients trigger an allergic response.
Further, vegetarians and vegans may tend to avoid products coated with protein- based coating because they are derived from an animal source.
Lipid ingredients used for the production of edible coatings include shellac, beeswax, illa wax, da wax and fatty acids. Again, some of the lipidbased coatings are from animal sources and tend to be avoided by vegetarians and vegans, which makes them unsuitable for coating products that are, at least lly, ed to this market segment.
Polysaccharides from plant origin have thus been studied for their gellification capacities. The polysaccharides most commonly used are cellulose derivatives, alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, pectin, starch derivates and other gums. Sodium alginate and carrageenan are both derived from seaweed whereas gellan is produced by a bacteria, Sphingomonas elodea.
While polysaccharide-based coatings avoid some of the drawbacks associated with protein- and/or lipid-based coatings, sodium alginate, carrageenan, gellan and other polysaccharide-based g require a cross-linking agent to jellify.
Cross-linking agents typically contain monovalent, divalent or trivalent cations and the studies have reported the use CaCl2 or KCl for this purpose. However, these calcium and ium salts tend to create turbid solutions when dissolved in water or e a bitter taste to the coated fresh product, which is undesirable in many instances.
More recently, an edible coating was shown to alleviate some of the drawbacks associated with the g of the prior art. The coating comprises sodium alginate cross-linked with calcium ascorbate and is described in International Patent Application No. , incorporated herein by reference.
This edible coating serves as a mean to preserve the inherent humidity of fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as to reduce respiration and oxidation, and may also serve as a vehicle in which functional ingredients can be added such as natural essences, prebiotics, probiotics, immune system ers, oils, functional plant extracts, and the like. Thus, the edible coating contributes to ve the integrity, safety and organoleptic properties of fresh fruits and vegetables throughout the supply chain as well creating a value-added consumer product.
Even if edible coatings contribute to extend the shelf-life of fresh food products, fruits and vegetables inevitably start deteriorating at some point and therefore, they cannot be preserved through the years. To ensure access to fruit and vegetable over the seasons, it is therefore necessary to make use of conservation techniques such as freezing or canning. The canning process is known to significantly affect the organoleptic properties of fruits and vegetables because of the heat ent such as pasteurization or cooking, or because the product is immerged in a liquid for an extended period of time, which tends to soften the product and make its organoleptic characteristics less appealing.
Similarly, the cooking of fresh food products which is required to obtain puree, sauces and the like, is necessary in many industrial applications and cantly affects their organoleptic properties, which makes them less appealing to customers. On the other hand, freezing and unfreezing fresh fruits and vegetables is generally associated with waterloss, which in turn makes their organoleptic less appealing.
Therefore, it would be beneficial to be provided with a method for preserving the organoleptic properties, for instance texture and re content, of food products submitted to a thermal treatment such as cooking or ng.
BRIEF SUMMARY According to one embodiment, an edible coating for preserving at least one orgnaoleptic property of a food product submitted to a l treatment is provided. in this embodiment, the edible coating comprises a polysaccharide solution and a cross-linking agent solution. in one aspect, the ccharide is in the form of a polysaccharide on.
According to another aspect, the polysaccharide is in the form of a polysaccharide powder. In one aspect, the polysaccharide powder ses a filler.
According to one aspect, the polysaccharide solution includes at least one ccharide selected from the group ting of carrageenan, gellan, sodium alginate and pectin.
According to another aspect, the polysaccharide solution is sodium alginate. In yet r aspect, the sodium alginate is in the form of a solution sing between about 0.1% (w/w) and about 10% (w/w) sodium alginate, and preferably between about 0.4% (w/w) and about 6% (w/w) sodium te and more preferably n about 0.7% and about 4.5% sodium alginate.
In a further aspect, the pectin is pectin LM. In one aspect. pectin LM is in the form of a solution comprising between about 2% (w/w) to about 15% (w/w) pectin LM, and more preferably between about 3% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) pectin LM.
In yet a r aspect, the cross-linking agent solution comprises a calcium ascorbate solution. in this aspect, the cross—linking agent solution preferably ses between about 0.5% (w/w) and about 50%(w/w) calcium ascorbate, and more preferably between about 1% (w/w) and about 35% (w/w) calcium ascorbate and even more preferably between about 5% (w/w) and about 25% (w/w) calcium ascorbate.
In a further aspect, the edible coating further comprises an element selected from the group consisting of an crobial agent, an antioxidant agent and a nutraceutical agent. in one aspect, the antimicrobial agent is vanillin. In another aspect, the antioxidant agent includes at least one of citric acid and ascorbic acid. in yet a r , the nutraceutical agent includes at least one probiotic, where the probiotic is preferably selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobaci/Ius casei and , Bifidobacterium lactic Bb12 Wellmune WGP®.
According to another aspect, the food product is selected from the group consisting of a fruit, a vegetable, a meat product and a fish product.
According to another embodiment, there is provided a method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment. in one , the method comprises: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide to substantially cover the surface of said food product; and - cross-linking said ccharide substantially covering said surface of said food product by coating said food product with a cross-linking agent solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer subtantially covering said surface of said food product.
According to a further embodiment, there is provided a method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product ted to a thermal treatment. In one aspect, the method comprises: -coating said food product with a cross-linking agent solution to substantially cover the surface of said food product; - g said food product with a polysaccharide to substantially cover said surface of said food product; ~allowing ication of a portion of said polysachharide substantially covering the surface of the food t; ng said food product product again with said cross—linking agent agent solution to substantially cover said surface of said food product; and - allowing jellification of another portion of the polysaccharide substantially covering the surface of the food product to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially covering the e of the food product.
According to another embodiment, there is provided method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method sing: — coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to substantially cover the surface of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide powder to substantially cover said surface of said food product; - cross-linking said polysaccharide substantially covering said surface of said food product by coating said food t with a cross-linking agent solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially covering said surface of said food product.
According to a r embodiment, there is provided a method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide powder to substantially cover said surface of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to substantially cover the surface of said food product; - cross-linking said polysaccharide substantially covering said surface of said food product by coating said food product with a cross-linking agent solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially covering said surface of said food product. ing to yet a further embodiment, the coating of the food product with the polysaccharide powder is carried out by sprinkling the polysaccharide powder on the food product or by dipping the food product in the ccharide .
According to another embodiment, the coating of the food product with the cross- llnking agent solution or the polysaccharide solution is carried out by dipping the food product in the cross-linking agent solution or the polysaccharide solution or ng the same on the food product. ing to another embodiment, there is provided the use of an edible coating as described above for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product ted to a thermal treatment.
According to one aspect, the at least one organoleptic property is selected from the group consisting of physical integrity, visual aspect, odor, taste, texture, moisture t, water loss properties and firmness.
According to one aspect, the thermal treatment is a refrigeration ent or a heat treatment. According to one aspect, the refrigeration treatment comprises a freezing treatment.
According to a further aspect, the heat treatment is selected from the group consisting of rization, flask cooking, microwave cooking, stove cooking, frying, isation, water cooking and oven cooking.
According to r embodiment, there is provided a food product comprising an edible coating.
According to one aspect, the food product further comprises a food additive. In one aspect, the food additive is d on the surface of the food product prior to coating, is incorporated to the edible coating, or applied on a surface of the edible coating once the food product is coated.
According to another aspect, the food additive is selected from the group consisting of granules of at least one dried fruit and spices, where the at least one dried fruit is preferably selected from the group consisting of a dried apple, a dried strawberry and a dried raspberry.
According to a further embodiment, there is provided a method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide on to cover the surface of said food t; and - linking said polysaccharide with a calcium ascorbate solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially covering the surface of said food product; wherein said cross-linked polysaccharide layer es for preservation of at least one organoleptic property of said food product once subjected to a l treatment. ing to a further embodiment, there is provided a method for preserving at least one organoleptic ty of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a linking agent solution to cover the surface of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide to cover said surface of said food product; - allowing gellification of a portion of said polysaccharide covering the surface of the food product; - coating said food product again with said cross-linking agent solution to cover the surface of said food product; and - allowing gellification of another portion of the polysaccharide solution ng the surface of the food product to obtain a polysaccharide layer covering the surface of the food product. ing to a further embodiment, there is provided a method for ving at least one leptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to cover the surface of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide powder to cover the surface of said food product; - cross-linking said ccharide covering the surface of said food product by coating said food product with a cross-linking agent solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer covering the surface of said food product.
According to a further embodiment, there is provided a method for ving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide powder to cover the surface of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to cover the e of said food product; - 7A - - cross-linking said polysaccharide covering the surface of said food product by coating said food product with a linking agent solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer covering the surface of said food product. ing to a further embodiment, there is ed a method for ving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a ccharide solution to substantially cover the surface of said food product; and - cross-linking said polysaccharide with a soluble cross-linking agent solution comprising a water-soluble cross-linking agent to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially covering the surface of said food product; wherein said cross-linked polysaccharide layer provides for preservation at least one organoleptic property of said food product once subjected to a thermal treatment; and wherein said food product is other than fish eggs or fish roe.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order that the invention may be readily understood, embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are photographs of Cortland apple pieces stove fried in butter at high temperature for 5 minutes: (A) control, (B) 1.2% sodium alginate coating, dried.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are raphs of McIntosh apple pieces stove fried in butter at high temperature for 5minutes: (A) control, (B) 1.2% sodium alginate coating, dried.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are photographs of nd apple pieces stove caramelized in sweet and acid solution high temperature 10 minutes: (A) control, (B) 1.2% sodium alginate coating, dried. - 7B - FIGS. 4A and 4B are photographs of McIntosh apple pieces stove caramelized in sweet and acid solution at high temperature for 10 minutes: (A) control, (B) 1.2% sodium alginate g, dried.
FIGS. 5A and SB are photographs of nd apple pieces oven cooked for 1 hour at 350°C in water sweet and acid solution (corn syrup, lemon and water): (A) control, (B) 1.2% sodium alginate coating, dried.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are photographs of McIntosh apple pieces oven cooked for1 hour at 350°C in water sweet and acid solution (corn syrup, lemon and water): (A) control, (B) 1.2% sodium alginate coating, dried.
FIGS. 7A to 7D are photographs showing reduction of water loss properties: (A) Cortland with 1.2% sodium alginate coating, (B) Cortland without edible coating, (C) sh with 1.2% sodium te coating, (D) McIntosh without edible coaflng. is a graph showing water loss properties of the edible coating.
FIGS. 9A to 9D are photographs showing water loss properties of the edible coating on vegetables: (A) vegetable blend control cooked (B) vegetable blend 1,2% undried edible coating (C) ble blend dry 12% edible coating (D) ble blend dipped 2 minutes in calcium ate. is an enlarged view of . is an enlarged view of FIG. QB. is an enlarged view of . is an enlarged view of .
FIGS. 14A to 140 are photographs showing the organoleptic properties of raspberries coated with a mixture of sodium alginate powder and a 1.2% sodium alginate edible coating: (A) control sample, (B) 0.5% sample, (C) 2.5% sample and (D) 5% sample.
: Retention mass rate of raspberries cooked in apple sauce.
: Retention rate of raspberries cooked in apple sauce. r details of the invention and its advantages will be apparent from the detailed description included below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION In the following description of the embodiments, references to the anying drawings are by way of illustration of examples by which the invention may be practiced. It will be understood that other ments may be made without departing from the scope of the invention disclosed.
It has been surprisingly found that the edible g of the present ion has thermoresistance properties that can be apply to many food application. The fresh cut fruits and/or vegetables coated with the edible coating offer a better resistance to refrigeration ent and/or prolonged heat treatment as well as better conservation of the cell’s physical structure, of the ss and of the appearance.
Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or ising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other t, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
The term “thermal treatment” is intended to mean any treatment that causes a product or a position thereof to depart from room temperature. As such, thermal treatment would include “refrigeration treatment” as well as “heat treatment”: The term “refrigeration treatment as intended herein shall receive a broad interpretation and includes any treatment or step which results in lowering the temperature of a product or a n thereof below room temperature, regardless of the period of time during which the temperature is lowered. Accordingly, refrigeration treatment would include, without limitation, freezing.
The term “heat treatment” as intended herein shall receive a broad interpretation and includes any treatment or step carried out which results in increasing the temperature of a product or a portion thereof above room temperature, regardless of the period of time during which the temperature is increased. Accordingly, “heat treatment” would include, without ion, pasteurization, flash g, microwave cooking, stove cooking, frying, appertisation. Further, “heat treatment” includes cooking of the food product, whether cooking is water cooking, frying, oven cooking or any other type of cooking. The term “heat ent” includes - 9A - any type of cooking, whether the food product is cooked alone or as a part of a mixture of ingredients, for instance as part of a soup, cake e, sauce, and the like. Further, “heat treatment” would include drying treatment and any other ent that cause the food product to denaturate from it initial form, even lly.
Similarly, the term “organoleptic ties” shall be interpreted broadly and includes any property of the food product which is appealing to a sense, whether it is the physical integrity, visual aspect, odor, taste, texture, moisture content, water loss properties and s and the like. In this context, the person skilled in the art will appreciate that “preserving the organoleptic properties of a food product” and similar terms are intended to means preserving at least one of the organoleptic ties of a product. This term also means reducing, even partially, the loss of at least one organoleptic property as compared to a food product that is subjected to the same heat or thermal treatment but that is not coated with an edible coating.
According to one ment, an edible coating for preserving the organoleptic properties of a food product ted to a thermal treatment is provided. The edible g is typically used for coating a perishable food product such as a fruit or a vegetable. Exemplary food ts for use with the edible coating include, but are not limited to, whole and fresh cut fruits such as strawberries, grapes, blueberries blackberries papayas, apples, kiwis, cantaloupes, pineapples, melon dews, watermelons, and vegetables, such as peppers, tomatoes and the like. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the edible coatings may find use with any other product intended for animal or human consumption. The edible coating may also find use on frozen product such as frozen vegetables, frozen , frozen meat products and frozen fish products as well as dehydrated food products such as raisin, dried cranberries and the like.
According to one embodiment, the edible coating comprises a polysaccharide and a cross-linking agent solution. The polysaccharide comprises at least one polysaccharide ed from the group consisting of carrageenan, gellan, sodium te, and pectin. A mixture of polysaccharides may also be used. In one embodiment, the cross-linking agent solution comprises calcium ascorbate. - 10 _ In one e, the polysaccharide comprises sodium alginate, preferably in the form of a sodium alginate solution. This polysaccharide is used since the ments conducted showed that sodium alginate is capable of forming firm or very firm gels. The polysaccharide solution typically comprises between about 0.1% (w/w) and about 10% (w/w) sodium alginate, and preferably, between about 0.4% (w/w) and about 6% (w/w) sodium alginate and more preferably between about 0.7% and about 4.5% sodium alginate. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the concentration of polysaccharide used in solution may be selected based on the capacity to uniformly and rapidly coat the surface of the products, without compromising the ability to form a gel having a proper firmness.
Alternatively, the polysaccharide may comprise pectin, an example of which is pectin LM, preferably in the form of a pectin LM solution. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the pectin concentration in the solution used for the coating process may vary. Typically, the polysaccharide solution comprises between about 2% (w/w) to about 15% (w/w) pectin LM, and more typically between about 3% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) pectin LM.
Alternatively, the polysaccharide could be in the form of a powder.
For cross—linking the polysaccharide used to obtain a gel, prior to subjecting the food product to the thermal treatment, the cross-linking agent solution is provided. 2O In one e, the cross-linking agent on comprises between about 0.5% (w/w) and about 50%(w/w) calcium ascorbate, and more ably between about 1% (w/w) and about 35% (w/w) calcium ate and even more preferably n about 5% (w/w) and about 25% (w/w) calcium ascorbate. In this example, calcium ascorbate is ble because it tends to avoid the bitter taste generally associated with calcium and potassium sources known in the art (CaClz or KCI). Further, ascorbate is an ion of ascorbic acid (i. e. Vitamin C) and thus, the use of this cross-linking agent confers n properties to the edible coating. Alternatively, CaClz or KCI and other salts could also be used as cross— linking agents, for instance where the food product is to be used in preparations where the taste of the cross-linking agent can be altered or dissimulated by other ients or by the heat treatment.
In the present specification, the term “off-flavor” is used to describe a flavor (and/or an odor) generally associated with the degradation of a able food product. ingly, the term “off-flavor” excludes a flavor conferred to the edible coating by the ce of an additional ingredient such as, for example, a probiotic.
In one embodiment, the edible coating may further comprise an element selected from the group ting of an antimicrobial agent, an antioxidant agent and a nutraceutical agent. The addition of such elements to the edible coating is aimed at providing additional properties to the coating.
For example, the use of an antimicrobial agent may be beneficial In one e, the use of vanillin as ial agent is desirable since vanillin also masks the taste associated with some polysaccharides or other elements may be added to the edible coating (e.g. probiotics), and also e sweetness of products such as fruits. In this example, a tration of 0.1% of vanilla essence is typical. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that any other antimicrobial agent suitable for consumption may be used instead of, or in combination with, vanillin. For example, one may opt for using essential oils, which are also known for their antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant used is typically citric acid (typically at a concentration of 1%), or ascorbic acid (typically at a concentration of 1%) or a combination thereof. The nutraceutical agent typically comprises at least one probiotic, examples of which include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium lactic Bb12 and Wellmune WGP®. A person d in the art will appreciate that many other functional ingredients can be added to the polysaccharide coating described herein and that they are not limited to those described herein.
In one embodiment, the antimicrobial, antioxidant and/or a eutical agent is embodied in the polysaccharide solution prior to cross-linking thereof.
Having described the edible coating composition, a method for preserving the organoleptic properties of a food product subjected to a heat treatment will now be described. According to one ment, a method for preserving the leptic properties of food products submitted to a thermal treatment is provided. In this ment, the method comprises: (1) coating the food product with a polysaccharide to substantially cover the surface of the food product; and (2) cross-linking the polysaccharide substantially ng the food product by coating the food product with a cross-linking agent solution to obtain a ccharide layer substantially covering the surface of the food product.
In an alternate embodiment, the method comprises: (1) coating the food product with a cross-linking agent solution to substantially cover the e of the food product; (2) coating the food product with a polysaccharide to substantially cover the surface of the food product; and (3) allowing gellification of the polysaccharide to obtain a polysaccharide layer covering the surface of the food product.
In yet an alternate embodiment, the method comprises: (1) coating the food t with a cross-linking agent solution to substantially cover the surface of the food product; (2) coating the food product with a polysaccharide to substantially cover the surface of the food t; (3) allowing gellification of a n of the ccharide substantially covering the surface of the food product; (4) coating the food product again with the cross-linking agent solution to substantially cover the surface of the food product; and (5) allowing gellification of another portion of the polysaccharide substantially covering the surface of the food product to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially covering the surface of the food t.
In one aspect, coating the food product with the polysaccharide is carried out by dipping the food product in a ccharide powder or by sprinkling the polysaccharide powder on the food product. Any other suitable method for coating a food product with a powder may be used. In one embodiment, the polysaccharide powder comprises 100% polysaccharide. In another embodiment, to adjust the amount of polysaccharide on the food product while ensuring a proper distribution, the polysaccharide powder may comprise a filler, such as, for ce, e. Any other le filler may alternatively be used. Further, the person skilled in the art will appreciate that the proportion or ratio of polysaccharide: filler may vary according to the consistency desired for the coating. In one example, a mixture comprising a polysaccharide may comprise between about 0,1% and 50% sodium alginate and between about 50% and 99.9% sucrose, and preferably between about 0.25% and 20% sodium alginate and about 80% to 99.75% sucrose, and more preferably between about 0.5% and about 10% sodium alginate and n about 90% and 99.5% sucrose.
In another aspect, coating the food product is carried out by immersing or dipping the food product in the solution (the polysaccharide solution and/or the cross- linking agent solution) or by ng the solution onto the food product. A person d in the art will appreciate that other techniques for g a food product may exist and that any suitable method for coating a product with a solution would fit the purpose of the methods described herein.
The person skilled in the art will appreciate that alternatives are also possible. For instance, one may opt for g the food product with a polysaccharide powder, and then with a polysaccharide solution, after which the ccharide is cross- linked by coating the food product with the cross-linking agent solution.
Alternatively, one may opt for coating the food product with a polysaccharide solution, then with a polysaccharide powder, after which the polysaccharide is cross-linked by coating the food product with the linking agent solution.
The methods described herein are typically carried out as described in the Examples below. A person skilled in the art will however appreciate that multiple ways to carry out the method may exist. For example, one may opt for automating all steps of the method.
A person skilled in the art will further appreciate that the immersion or dipping time ed for substantially covering the food product with the polysaccharide solution will depend upon the consistency of the solution and the size of the fruit.
A person skilled in the art will also appreciate that the immersion time for allowing cross-linking of the ccharide on will be based on the concentration of cross-linking agent in the solutions. For example, an immersion time of about 15- seconds in a solution comprising 15% calcium ate would be sufficient to allow proper gel formation while the use of a 0.5% calcium ascorbate on would require an immersion time of 5 to 8 minutes. Similarly, the spraying time may vary based on the concentration of the polysaccharide and/or cross-linking agent solutions, as well as the desired characteristic of the coating to be obtained.
The methods bed herein will be explained in further details by way of the following examples.
EXAMPLES Fruit & Vegetable supply Fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables were purchased from Allard Fruits & Légumes, a fruits and vegetables importer located in Quebec City, Canada. More specifically, various types of fresh apples, as well as frozen wildberries and frozen cranberries were used.
Edible coating preparation Sodium alginate (0.5% to 10% w/w), was separately lized in different tanks with tap water at 60°C for 60 minutes. Once solubilized, all solutions were refrigerated at 30°C and were kept at this temperature hout the coating of the fruits. The sodium alginate used gel under the cross-linked action of divalent cations such as m. In this example, calcium ascorbate was preferred over other cross-linking agents for its vitamin C value. Hence, a solution (10% to 80% w/w) of calcium ascorbate was solubilized in tap water and kept at 40°C for the duration of the treatments.
Fruit and vegetable preparation Whole fruits and vegetables were soaked in Chinook (peracetic acid) solution 18ppm at 40°C (18 ppm) for 1 minute. When appropriate, the vegetable or the fruit was y brushed with a manual hand brush while in the Chinook solution.
Upon completion of the g step, the fruit and vegetables were peeled, cored then cut in different size on a sanitized cutting board.
Coating Fruit or vegetable were individually coated in the sodium alginate solution by dipping for 3 to 5 seconds with an automatic conveyor , or with spray gun.
Spray gun gave better result with 3% sodium alginate SA atively to 0.75% to 1.2% tration for automatic g system. All fruit and vegetables pieces were held on a conveyor belt and excess solution was drained for 10 seconds. Pieces were then individually gellified by immersion in the calcium ascorbate solution for 60 to 120 seconds or by spraying gun and then again held on a conveyor belt to allow excess solution to drain. As best described in the appended tables below, some of the coated fruits were dried while some others were not (herein the “undried” products). When the fruits were dried, the drying step was carried out on a conveyor belt at different ratio of relative humidity/time/air ty, depending on the facilities.
Example 1 Coated fruits and vegetables heat treatment Fruit or vegetable pieces, r dried or undried, were subjected to various heat treatments such as water ebullition, ebullition in applesauce at 200°F, microwave g, stove cooking, oven cooking or appertisation (121°C 15 minutes in sealed glass jars) for different periods of time. The organoleptic analysis was made when the temperature of the food ts had chilled to °C, using the following scoring systems for firmness and loss of water: Loss of Water Scoring System for fresh cut fruit submitted to heat treatment Score Loss of water (% of weight) No exudation 4 Loss of 0-5% water 3 Loss of 5-10% water 2 Loss of 10%-25% water 1 Loss of 50% water and more Firmness Scale Scoring System for fresh cut fruit submitted to heat treatment Score Organoleptic characteristics Raw e and crunchy l-JNUJ-D Slight cooking firmness Flabby, Canned type texture Shelled of the fruit Complete loss of structure, mash Results The firmness and the loss of water were evaluated for ent products and under various conditions. The organoleptic properties of the fruit products under various coating conditions are ized below for fresh apples (Tables 1 and 2), frozen wildberries (Table 3) and frozen cranberries (Table 4).
Table 1: Organoleptic characteristics of fresh cut apple 1Z4’ pieces d to different heat treatment L055 of Heat Firmness. General Treatment Storage days treatment water (/o0 Score Acceptability weight) Untreated 1 — 3 Acceptable Calcium ascorbate 1 ' 3 Acceptable 2 s in on dipped applesauce at Edible coating 1,2% 1 - 4 Acceptable 200°F Untreated 11 - 2 Unacceptable Calcium ascorbate 11 — 2 Acceptable solution dipped Edible coating 1,2% 4 Acceptable Table 1: Organoleptic characteristics of fresh cut aggle 114' pieces exposed to different heat en (cont’d)t Loss of Heat Firmness General Treatment Storage days water (% treatment Score ability weight) Untreated Unacceptable Calcium ascorbate ptable solution dipped Edible coating 0,75% able (not dried) Edible coating 0,59% Acceptable (not dried) Edible coating 1,2% % minutes in able (not dried) applesauce at Untreated 200°F Unacceptable Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable solution dipped Edible coating 0,75% % Acceptable (not dried) Edible coating 0,9% % Acceptable (not dried) Edible coating 1,2% % Acceptable (not dried) Untreated Unacceptable Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable solution dipped minutes in Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable applesauce at Untreated Unacceptable 200°F Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable solution dipped Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable Table 2: Loss of water of fresh cut age/e 114 ' Qieces exposed to different heat treatment Heat Firmness Treatment General Acceptability treatment Score Untreated Unacceptable : burned Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable : burned solution dipped Edible coating 3% gun sprayed Acceptable (not dried) Microwave- Edible coating 3% 1 minutes Acceptable gun sprayed ) Edible coating 1,2% dipping Acceptable (not dried) Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable dipping (dried) ted — 20% 3 Unacceptable firmness Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable : Bad _ 70/° 4 solution dipped flavour Edible coating 0,75% — 8% 4 Acceptable (not dried) Boiling Edible coating 2’60 ' 4 Acceptab'e Water-2 0,75% ) s Edible g 0,53% - 10% 4 2000': Acceptable (not dried) (:;:§)coating O 96E ' l ' ° — 4% 4 Acceptable (:3: 35:3;mg 1’24E ' l ‘ ° — 11% 4 Acceptable (:r‘ijfoatmg 1'”E ' l ‘ ° ~ 2% 4 Acceptable Table 3: Organoleptic characteristics of frozen wildberries exposed to different heat treatment Loss of Heat Storage water General ent Firmness Score treatment days (% Acceptability weight) Untreated Unacceptable Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable solution dipped 200°F in Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable applesauce- Untreated Unacceptable minutes Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable solution dipped Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable Untreated Unacceptable Calcium ascorbate Unacceptable solution dipped 200°F in Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable auce- Untreated 2 minutes Unacceptable Calcium ate Unacceptable solution dipped Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable Table 4: Organoleptic characteristics of frozen cranberries exposed to different heat treatment Loss of Heat Storage water General Treatment ss Score treatment days (% Acceptability weight) Untreated 1 - 1 Unacceptable Calcnum ate 1 - 1 Unacceptable solution dipped 2000F m.
Edible g 1,2% 1 — 4 Acceptable auce- Untreated 11 — 1 minutes Unacceptable Calcrum ate 11 - 1 Unacceptable solution dipped Edible coating 1,2% - 3 Acceptable Untreated 3 Unacceptable Calcrum ascorbate 1 _ 3 Unacceptable solution dipped °F in Edible coating 1,2% 1 - 5 Acceptable applesauce- 2 minutes Cnltr'eateU d 11 2 ptab eI a cium ascorbate 11 _ 2 solution dipped Unacceptable Edible coating 1,2% Acceptable In addition to te the moisture content and the firmness, other organoleptic characteristics such as the appearance and the taste of fruits were evaluated.
These characteristics are shown in FIG 1 to 8.
For instance, clearly shows that Cortland apple pieces coated with edible coating preserved their crunchiness, structure and taste while the control apple pieces were translucent, too soft and overcooked. Similarly, shows that McIntosh apple pieces coated with the edible coating preserved their crunchiness, and their structure, as well as their authentic taste. On the contrary, the control pieces appear burned, overcooked and devoid of structure. shows that Cortland apple pieces cooked in oven for one hour at 350°F preserved their structure when coated but that the control apple is flabby and it lost its color and its structure. Further the edible coating was inaudible at mastication. Similar results were also obtained with McIntosh apple pieces cooked in oven for one hour at 350°F: they preserve their structure, y texture and taste when coated while control apple pieces decreased in size during cooking, were completely flabby and lost their color and structure. Coating was also inaudible at mastication.
These results show that the edible coating on whole and fresh-cut fruit and vegetables provides a significant reduction of waterloss and softening of the 2O tissue. The edible coating has the property to t the pieces of fresh cut fruit and vegetable from high and low temperature treatment. It results in an improved firmness and crunchy e and noticeable water retention during heat ent. Furthermore, the edible coating has the property to preserve the color of the product during the cooking, even in water cooking. Also, edible coating preserves the flavour of the fruits and of the vegetable during cooking.
The results ed under various conditions also show that water ion is d to ess of the coating. With a 10% (w/w), not dried edible coating/fruit ratio, the water retention is 95% as compared to 50% water retention for a 3% (w/w), not dried edible coating/fruit ratio. However, a 25% (w/w) edible coating/fruit ratio may lead to a loss of flavour of . On the other hand thermoresistance property did not appear to be related to the thickness of the coating. Properties are observed from 0.1% w/w concentration of alginate in coafing.
Similar s were obtained with various vegetables. As best shown in FIGS. 9 to 13, vegetable coated with the edible coating preserved a better appearance than control ble (uncoated) or vegetables immersed in a calcium ascorbate solution.
The Results obtained indicate that there is great potential to counteract moisture, structure and texture loss, the main parameters associated with y loss in many fruit and vegetables by application of edible coating on fresh or freeze fruit or vegetable before heated treatment.
Example 2 Fresh fruits incorporated in pastries Fresh raspberries were used in the preparation of Madeleine cakes. In this application, raspberries were coated with different es of a sodium alginate powder prior to be coated with a 1.2% sodium te coating as described in Example 1. The e of sodium alginate powder and edible coating are summarized in the table below: Mixture of Sodium Alginate Edible Coating Sample Powder '_ Control None None 0.5% sodium alginate, 99.5% 1.2% sodium alginate 0 5% SUCFOSG 2.5% sodium alginate, 97.5% 1.2% sodium te sucrose % sodium alginate, 95% 1.2% sodium alginate sucrose The coated raspberries were incorporated in a Madeleine preparation. The Madeleine preparation for each sample of fresh raspberries was placed in separate molds and baked at 350°F for 6 s and 435°F. The organoleptic properties were determined for each sample of fresh raspberries.
The samples coated with a e of sodium alginate powder and a 1.2% sodium alginate edible coating showed marked improvement in the organoleptic ties of the raspeberries, as best shown in . The mixture of powder and the edible coating contributed to prevent exudation, preserve the physical integrity of the fruit and appear to somewhat modulate the cooking of the raspberries by reducing the impact of heat. The samples coated with a mixture of sodium alginate powder and a 1.2% sodium alginate edible coating were more juicy, had a better taste as well as a better feel in mouth as compared to the control sample, for which raspberries entirely lost their cell structure, were mashed and exuded into the dough of the cake.
Example 3 Raspberries in apple sauce Fresh and frozen raspberries were used to assess the capability of a 2% sodium te edible coating to preserve the organoleptic properties of fruits in apple sauce. The various samples tested are summarized in the table below: Sample Fresh or frozen raspberries Edible Coating Frozen raspberry Frozen None untreated Fresh raspberry Fresh None untreated Frozen Thermobloom o . . .
Frozen 21: sodium alginate (dried) Raspberry (92) Fresh Thermobloom Fresh 2%: sodium alginate (dried)O . . . rry (92) Frozen Thermobloom .
Frozen 2%; sodium alginate (not o . . rry (NS-2) Frozen Thermob ooml Fresh 2% sodium te (not dried) Raspberry (5-2) The number of raspberries in each sample, as well as the weight of each sample was determined. The samples were then incorporated in apple sauce and cooked at 85°C — 90°C for 10 minutes, with constant manual steering. Each sample was screened on a mesh to collect the rries remaining after cooking. The retention rate (i.e. the percentage of whole raspberries remaining on the mesh), as well as the retention mass rate (i.e. the weight of the product remaining on the mesh compared to the initial weight of the raspberries) were determined for each sample.
As best shown in , all samples for which raspberries were coated with the 2% sodium alginate coating, whether dried or not, frozen or fresh, show a retention rate of 100% while the uncoated s show a retention rate of 0%.
Similarly, shows a retention mass rate from about 60% to about 70% for all samples for which raspberries were coated with the 2% sodium alginate coating, whether dried or not, frozen or fresh. By comparison, uncoated frozen raspberries show a retention mass rate of 0% while ed fresh raspberries show a retention mass rate of about 8%. The retention mass rate observed with uncoated fresh raspberries was attributable to the formation of apple sauce agglomerates remaining on the mesh rather than to the presence of raspberries.
To simulate food shear and damages caused to the fruits during food processing in the industry, the retention mass rate was also determined for raspberries cooked in apple sauce for 5 minutes at 85°C with constant mixing using a food sor. The ion mass rate for fresh and frozen raspberries coated with the 2% sodium alginate coating was about 45% and 35%, respectively, as compared to about 15% for uncoated frozen raspberries.
Example 4 Capability of various edible coatings to preserve organoleptic properties during freezing/ unfreezing To assess the capability of edible coatings to preserve the organoletptic properties of fruits and vegetables submitted to refrigeration, and more cally freezing, samples of rries were coated according to the following protocols: No coating coating with 1.2% sodium alginate solution followed by cross-linking_\_ivith calcium ate solution coating with sodium alginate powder (100%) followed b linkin- in m ascorbate solution coating with 1.2% sodium alginate on, coating with sodium alginate powder, cross-linking in calcium ate solution. coating with sodium alginate powder, coating with 1.2% sodium alginate solution, cross-linking in calcium ascorbate solution.
For each sample, the test was conducted in triplicate. The samples were frozen at -20°C for 5 days. The samples were then unfrozen and waterloss was measured 2 hours and 24 hours after zing and the general aspect of the fruit was assessed. The results are shown in the table below: - a, A a A g g r: 0:210 ages) can!» >3 e o 5.0:... - =1 _fl'= ....
LIN-nun hNu- 0° fl hmgfi ohN o N on: a. &0 woo) «go flu.) .— 0 i-g.‘ at... wi- o“ '- °\°8= V““5 “5‘5 8 ‘" >g ‘3” 3 = °\°"= < a 19,3% 3 5,4% Flabby/weak a lot Control 16,2% 30,8% 313% of purge afier unfreezing 16,2% 29,5% Soft texture, purge 22% in the cup after unfreezing, better physical integrity, aspect and texture than control ras berries H m m ‘a 02;” m A m A g a 0:“ cat?!) >3 c u 50:... 1”: :v: o a: a 385 3”: °‘ " «5'5 ““5 ho ‘au 13"“ N0 -: a “he: 6:2 3n 3; u *- :3: 3"; “a“; 8 F g: °\° :1 3": <>g O Great appearance, natural appearance, no purge in the cup after unfreezing 4,5% 8,4% g thick but l appearance, 6,6% 7,7% no purge in the cup 8,0% afier zin1 0,7% 0,7% No waterloss perceptible after unfreezing, candy texture The experiments conducted shows that the all tested coatings were efficient in to preserve the organoleptic properties of raspberries during freezing/unfreezing cycle.
The person skilled in the art will therefore appreciate that the edible coating can find use in food industry that use high and low temperature treatment for preservation such as sauce, puree, canned product, pasteurize product, frozen dinner, frozen fruits, frozen vegetables and the like.

Claims (22)

The claims ng the invention are as follows:
1. A method for ving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to cover the surface of said food product; and - cross-linking said polysaccharide with a m ascorbate solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially covering the surface of said food product; wherein said cross-linked polysaccharide layer provides for preservation of at least one organoleptic property of said food product once subjected to a l treatment.
2. A method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a linking agent solution to cover the e of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide to cover said surface of said food product; - allowing gellification of a portion of said polysaccharide covering the surface of the food product; - coating said food product again with said cross-linking agent solution to cover the surface of said food product; and - allowing gellification of another portion of the ccharide solution covering the surface of the food product to obtain a polysaccharide layer covering the surface of the food product.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said polysaccharide is in the form of a polysaccharide solution.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein said ccharide is in the form of a polysaccharide powder.
5. A method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to cover the surface of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide powder to cover the surface of said food product; - cross-linking said polysaccharide ng the surface of said food product by g said food product with a cross-linking agent solution to obtain a polysaccharide layer covering the surface of said food product.
6. A method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal ent, the method comprising: - coating said food t with a polysaccharide powder to cover the surface of said food product; - coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to cover the surface of said food product; - cross-linking said polysaccharide covering the surface of said food product by coating said food product with a cross-linking agent on to obtain a polysaccharide layer covering the surface of said food product.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, n said polysaccharide comprises at least one polysaccharide selected from the group ting of carrageenan, gellan, alginate, pectin, cellulose derivatives, and starch derivate.
8. The method ing to claim 7, wherein said polysaccharide comprises sodium alginate.
9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein said cross-linking agent solution comprises calcium ascorbate.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said at least one organoleptic property is selected from the group consisting of physical integrity, visual aspect, odor, taste, texture, re content, water loss properties and firmness.
11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said thermal treatment is a refrigeration treatment or a heat treatment.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said refrigeration treatment comprises a freezing treatment.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein said heat treatment is ed from the group consisting of pasteurization, flask cooking, ave cooking, stove cooking, frying, appertisation, water cooking and oven cooking.
14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, r sing adding a food additive.
15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein said food product is selected from the group consisting of frozen vegetables, frozen fruits, and frozen meat products.
16. The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, with the proviso said food product is other than fish eggs or fish roe.
17. A method for preserving at least one organoleptic property of a food product subjected to a thermal treatment, the method comprising: - coating said food product with a polysaccharide solution to substantially cover the surface of said food product; and - cross-linking said ccharide with a water-soluble cross-linking agent solution comprising a water-soluble cross-linking agent to obtain a polysaccharide layer substantially ng the surface of said food t; wherein said cross-linked polysaccharide layer provides for preservation at least one leptic property of said food product once subjected to a thermal treatment; n said food product is other than fish eggs or fish roe.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein said food product is selected from the group consisting of frozen vegetables, frozen , and frozen meat products.
19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein said water-soluble cross-linking agent solution comprises calcium ascorbate.
20. The method of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein said polysaccharide comprises sodium alginate.
21. The method of any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein said thermal treatment ts of freezing.
22. The method of any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6 or 17, substantially as described herein with reference to the figures and/or examples, excluding comparative examples.
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