NZ623771B2 - Truss system - Google Patents
Truss system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ623771B2 NZ623771B2 NZ623771A NZ62377112A NZ623771B2 NZ 623771 B2 NZ623771 B2 NZ 623771B2 NZ 623771 A NZ623771 A NZ 623771A NZ 62377112 A NZ62377112 A NZ 62377112A NZ 623771 B2 NZ623771 B2 NZ 623771B2
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- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- plate
- truss
- elements
- plates
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003141 Lower Extremity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001364 Upper Extremity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002965 rope Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 20
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000288673 Chiroptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000789 fastener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2409—Hooks, dovetails or other interlocking connections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
- E04C2003/0417—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts demountable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0452—H- or I-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/10—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal prestressed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
- E04C3/40—Arched girders or portal frames of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/24—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like
- E04D3/28—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like of glass or other translucent material
- E04D2003/285—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like of glass or other translucent material with specially profiled marginal portions for connecting purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
- E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/24—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like
- E04D3/28—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like of glass or other translucent material
Abstract
truss system for a roof or façade of a building is disclosed. Each truss segment comprises first and second elongate elements (14, 16). The elongate elements (14, 16) are interconnected at intervals by a series of fish-plate assemblies which have first and second flanged plates (18a, 18b) arranged back to back and retained within channels (20) in the elongate elements (14, 16). ed back to back and retained within channels (20) in the elongate elements (14, 16).
Description
TRUSS SYSTEM
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a New Zealand national phase
filing of International Patent Application No.
(publication No. WO/2013/049878) filed on 15
August 2012, which claims priority from Australian Patent
Application No. 2011232748 filed 5 October 2011, the contents
of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by way of
reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to building structures
and, more particularly, to roof truss, roof panelling and
curtain wall systems.
BACKGROUND
The covering of outdoor and indoor areas, as well as
building facades, with light transmitting materials is well
known, and polymer, typically polycarbonate sheeting or panels
for this purpose, are in common use. A range of materials and
configurations of supporting members are used to span the area
or facade required to be covered. Conventional systems rely on
framing, typically, in the case of roof structures, comprising
sloping rafters with regular arrays of transverse purlins, the
latter providing both stabilising elements and support for the
polymer sheeting.
To span relatively large areas, such as sporting
venues for example, requires large and heavy structural timber
or steel trusses, adding considerably to the cost of the roof
structure.
[0005] The use of timber or steel trusses with the added
array of purlins is often undesirable from an aesthetic point
of view, and in some environments, such as indoor swimming
pools for example, these structural elements can be subject to
corrosion and deterioration.
[0006] It is an object of the present invention to address
or at least ameliorate some of the above disadvantages.
Notes
The term “comprising” (and grammatical variations
thereof) is used in this specification in the inclusive sense
of “having” or “including”, and not in the exclusive sense of
“consisting only of”.
The above discussion of the prior art in the
Background of the invention, is not an admission that any
information discussed therein is citable prior art or part of
the common general knowledge of persons skilled in the art in
any country.
The term “fish plate” as used in this specification
indicates a plate for interconnecting two structural elements,
either through interlocking elements or by means of fasteners.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Accordingly, in one broad form of the invention,
there is provided a truss system for roof or façade panelling
of a building; a truss of said truss system including at least
one truss segment; each said truss segment comprising a first
elongate element and a second elongate element; said first and
second elongate elements interconnected at intervals by a
series of fish-plate assemblies; each fish-plate assembly of
said series of fish-plate assemblies comprising a pair of fish-
plates arranged back-to-back when in use; each fish-plate
comprising a planar plate portion provided at respective upper
and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly and normal to
an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said fish-plate
assemblies engaging with respective extruded fish-plate
channels of said first and second elongate elements; said fish-
plate channels formed so as to retain said fish-plate
assemblies by capture of said flanges when said pair of fish-
plates are assembled back-to-back.
Preferably, each said first and second elongate
element of a said truss segment comprises an extruded section;
said extruded section including a panel retaining channel and
said extruded fish-plate channel.
Preferably, a said extruded section further includes
a connector plate slot; said connector blade slot adapted for
friction fit insertion of a connector plate.
Preferably, a said extruded section further includes
a cable channel; said cable channel adapted to receive a free-
running tensioning cable.
Preferably, said panel retaining channel includes
panel retaining elements; said panel retaining elements formed
along outer edges of said panel retaining channel; said panel
retaining elements directed inwards towards a median plane of
said panel retaining channel.
Preferably, a said truss supports said panels by
retaining flange elements of said panels in said panel
retaining channels; said panel retaining elements locking
respective said flange elements of adjacent said panels into
said panel retaining channel as a snap fit.
Preferably, a said truss supports said panels along
said first elongate elements of said truss.
Preferably, a said truss supports said panels along
said second elongate element of said truss.
Preferably, a said truss supports said panels along
both said first and said second elongate elements of said
truss.
Preferably, said panels interconnect adjacent ones of
said trusses; said panels fulfilling the function of purlins.
Preferably, said first and second elongate elements
of said truss comprise aluminium extrusions.
Preferably, fish-plates of said fish-plate assemblies
comprise stainless steel pressings.
Preferably, said tensioning cable comprises stainless
steel wire rope.
[0023] Preferably, said panels comprise transparent or
translucent polymer panels.
Preferably, translucent insulating panels are
retained between said panels arranged along both said first and
said second elongate elements of said truss.
[0025] In another broad form of the invention, there is
provided a method of providing roofing or curtain walling of a
building or area; said method including assembly and erection
of trusses; said method including the steps of:
(a) assembling a required number of truss segments into
said trusses; each said segment comprising a first and
a second elongate element,
(b) interconnecting said first and second elongate elements
of each said segment with at least one fish-plate
assembly; fish-plates of said at least one fish-plate
assembly engaging with respective fish-plate channels
of said first and second elongate elements;
(c) connecting abutting ones of said required number of
truss segments by insertion of connector plates into
connector plate slots of said abutting truss segments,
(d) passing tensioning cables through cable channels of
said first and second elongate elements of said
abutting truss segments,
(e) tensioning said tensioning cables, and
wherein each fish-plate assembly comprises a pair of fish-
plates arranged back to back when in use; each said fish-
plate comprising a planar plate portion provided at
respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting
outwardly and normal to an outer surface of said planar
plate portion; said flanges captured in fish-plate channels
provided in each of said first and second elongate element.
Preferably, said method further includes the steps
(a) erecting said trusses on suitable supporting elements
at predetermined intervals,
(b) snap-fitting panels into panel retaining channels of
either or both of elongate first and second elements of
adjacent said truss segments.
Preferably, insulating panels are retained between
said panels attached to both said first and second elements.
In another broad form of the invention, there is
provided a truss system for roof or façade panelling of a
building; a truss of said truss system including at least one
truss segment; each said truss segment comprising a first
elongate element and a second elongate element interconnected
at intervals by one or more short fish-plate assemblies; each
said short fish-plate assembly comprising a pair of fish-plates
arranged back-to-back when in use; said fish-plate assemblies
engaging with respective extruded fish-plate channels of said
first and second elongate elements; each said fish-plate
comprising a planar plate portion provided at respective upper
and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly and normal to
an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said flanges
captured in said fish-plate channels, and wherein abutting
truss segments are connected together by means of a long fish-
plate assembly.
Preferably, said long fish-plate assembly comprises a
back-to-back assembly of two long fish-plates; each said long
fish-plate comprising a central section; said long fish-plate
assemblies including extension arms extending from upper and
lower portions of said central section; said central section
and said extension arms provided with respective upper and
lower series of through holes.
Preferably, said central section is provided with
outwardly projecting flange elements at an upper edge and a
lower edge of said central section such that when said long
fish-plates are assembled in said back to back assembly said
outwardly projecting flange elements project outwardly from
said assembly.
Preferably, said outwardly projecting flange elements
engage with said extruded fish-plate channels of said first and
second elongate elements.
Preferably, half of a length of a said long fish-
plate assembly is secured in said extruded fish-plate channels
of a first said truss segments by bolts passing through flange
elements of said first and second elongate elements and said
through holes; a second half of said length of said long fish-
plate assembly secured in said fish-plate channels of an
adjoining said truss segment by bolts passing through flange
elements of said first and second elongate elements and said
through holes.
[0033] In another broad form of the invention, there is
provided a method of securing together adjoining segments of a
truss; each said truss segment comprising first and second
elongate elements interconnected by short fish-plate
assemblies; each of said short fish-plate assemblies comprising
a pair of short fish-plates arranged back to back when in use;
each of said short fish-plates comprising a planar plate
portion provided at respective upper and lower edges with
flanges projecting outwardly and normal to an outer surface of
said planar plate portion; said fish-plates retained in said
fish-plate channels by capture of said flanges in said fish-
plate channels, said method including the steps of:
(a) inserting a first pair of extension arms projecting
from a central portion of a long fish-plate assembly into
fish-plate channels of respective first and second
elongate elements of a first said truss segment,
(b) securing said long fish-plate assembly in said first
and second elongate elements by bolts passing through
flanges of said elongate elements and through holes in
said extension arms and in said central portion of said
fish-plate assembly,
(c) sliding first and second elongate elements of a said
adjoining truss segment onto an opposite second pair of
extension arms of said long fish-plate assembly so as to
abut corresponding said first and second elongate
elements of said first truss segment,
(d) securing said adjoining truss segment to said long
fish-plate assembly by bolts passing through flanges of
said elongate elements and through holes in said
extension arms and said central portion of said fish-
plate assembly, and
wherein a said long fish-plate assembly comprises a pair of
said long fish-plates arranged back-to-back; said long fish-
plates including a central portion with extension arms
projecting from upper and lower extremities of said central
portion; at least said central portion provided along
respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting
outwardly and normal to an outer surface of said planar
plate portion; said long fish-plates retained in said fish-
plate channels by said flanges captured in said fish-plate
channels.
In another broad form of the invention there is
provided a method of assembling fish-plate assemblies to
elongate elements of a truss; said truss comprising first and
second elongate elements interconnected by a series of said
fish-plate assemblies; each said fish-plate assembly comprising
a pair of fish-plates arranged in a back-to-back position when
in use; said method including the steps of:
a. inserting first and second fish-plates of each of said
series of fish-plate assemblies into a narrow part of a
fish-plate channels provided in said first and second
elongate element,
b. sliding said first and second fish-plates together into
said back-to-back position, and
wherein each said fish-plate includes a planar plate portion
provided along respective upper and lower edges with flanges
projecting outwardly from an outer surface of said planar
plate portion; said fish-plate channels of sufficient width
for insertion of said fish-plates; said fish-plate assembly
retained in said in said fish-plate channels by captured of
said flanges in said fish-plate channels when said pair of
fish-plates are assembled in said back-to-back position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention will now be
described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1, is a side view of an exemplary truss according
to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
Figure 2 is a perspective view of portion of a truss
segment of the truss of figure 1,
Figure 3 is an end view of an extrusion forming first and
second elongate elements of a truss segment,
Figures 4 and 5 are side and end views respectively of one
of a pair of fish-plate components of the truss system,
Figure 6 is a sectioned view of a portion of a roof formed
with the truss system of the invention,
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a portion of a truss
segment in which one of first and second elongate elements
includes an enclosed section,
Figure 8 is a side view of one of a pair of fish plate
components according to a second preferred embodiment of the
invention,
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a pair of fish plates of
figure 8 assembled to the ends of extrusions forming first and
second elongate elements of a portion of a truss segment,
Figures 10 and 11 are end views of alternative extrusions
forming either one of the elongate elements forming a truss
segment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
First Preferred Embodiment
With reference to figure 1, the truss system of the
present invention comprises a truss (10) formed of one or more
arched truss segments (12) which may be interconnected together
to form the truss (10) for support of roofing over a building
(not shown) or area, or, when in straight, non arched sections,
form the support for a curtain wall.
Each of the truss segments (12) comprises a first
elongate element (14) and a second elongate element (16), which
are interconnected at intervals by a series of fish-plate
assemblies (18). As can be seen in figures 2 to 5, fish-plate
assemblies (18) are assembled in sliding engagement with
respective extruded fish-plate channels (20) respectively of
the first and second elongate elements, (14) and (16).
Preferably, as best seen in figure 3, each of the
first and second elongate elements (14) and (16) of a truss
segment (12), comprises an identical extruded aluminium section
which includes a roof (or wall) panel retaining channel (24),
as well as the fish-plate channel (20). Depending on the
application, the truss elements (14) and (16) may be straight
for relatively short spans or curtain walls, or curved to span
large roof or covered areas as shown in figure 1.
The extruded section of the elongate elements (14)
and (16) further includes a connector plate slot (26) which is
adapted for friction fit insertion of a connector plate (28).
Also included in each extruded section is a cable channel (30)
which is adapted to receive a free-running tensioning cable
(32).
With reference to figures 2 to 5, each of the fish-
plate assemblies (18) in the series of fish-plate assemblies of
a truss segment (12), comprises a pair of fish-plates,
(18a,18b), arranged back-to-back when assembled to the first
and second elongate extruded elements (14,16). Each fish-plate
(18a,18b) of the paired fish-plates comprises a planar plate
portion (40) which is provided at its respective upper and
lower edges with identical flanges (42,44), which project
outwardly and normal to the outer surface of the planar plate
portion (40).
As can be seen from figures 2 and 3, the fish-plate
channel (20) is so formed as to retain the fish-plate assembly
(18) of fish-plates (18a,18b) by capture of the flanges (42,44)
when both are located back-to-back in the channel (20). The
inner, that is, the narrow part of the fish-plate channel is of
a width sufficient to allow insertion of the first of the pair
of fish-plates. The second of the pair may also be inserted
into the opposing channels adjacent to the first fish-plate.
The pair may then be slid together into the back-to-back
position shown in fig 2, to complete the fish-plate assembly.
It will be understood that the fish-plates may be
made in a range of sizes so as to adapt the depth of the truss
to suit the required span, wind load factors and other design
parameters.
Preferably, both the connector plates (28) and the
pairs of fish-plates (18a,18b) are of stainless steel, with the
tensioning cables (32) also of stainless steel.
As best seen in figures 3 and 6, the roof (or wall)
panel retaining channel (24) includes panel retaining elements
(46,48) formed along the outer edges (50,52) of the panel
retaining channel (24). These panel retaining elements (46,48)
are directed inwards towards the median plane (54) of the panel
retaining channel, and are formed to allow insertion of
retaining flange elements (56,58) of adjacent panels (60,62)
into the panel retaining channel (24) as shown in figure 6. The
panel retaining elements (46,48) lock the respective flange
elements (56,58) of the adjacent panels (60,62) into the panel
retaining channel as a snap fit.
As can also be seen from figure 6, the truss (10) may
support panels (60,62) along the upper of the two elongate
elements (14) of the truss in a roofing application of the
invention. Alternatively, or in addition, panels (60,62) may be
supported along the lower elongate elements (16). In the former
case, the close abutment between the adjacent panels provides
for a continuous cover over the truss (10) when viewed from
above (or from outside in the case of a curtain wall).
Similarly, panels supported by the lower elongate elements (14)
completely cover the truss (10) when viewed from below (or from
inside).
In Use
[0046] The panels adapted for use with the truss system of
the invention, may be of metal, but are preferably of opaque or
translucent polymer, more preferably polycarbonate, sheeting
provided with the edge flanges suited to engagement with the
panel retaining channels of the truss.
[0047] For large spans, the aluminium extrusions of the
first and second elements of the truss segments may be roll
formed into an arcuate form so that when the segments are
assembled, the truss forms an arch over the building or area to
be covered.
[0048] To assemble a truss, firstly the required number of
truss segments is assembled. This is effected by placing the
first and second elongate elements of each truss segment side
by side with the fish-plate channels facing each other. The
first fish-plates of the series of fish-plate assemblies for
that truss segment are then placed into the opposing channels.
At this stage the first and second elongate elements are not
locked together and the corresponding second fish-plates of
each back-to-back pair may also be inserted into the opposing
channels adjacent their opposite plates.
[0049] The second fish-plates are then slid into their back-
to-back positions to complete the fish-plate assemblies and
lock the first and second elongate elements together, as the
retaining flange elements then lock into the fish-plate
channels. Assemblies may be secured in position by riveting for
example through the parallel sides of the fish-plate channel.
[0050] A major advantage of the fish-plate assemblies is
that, unlike bolted connections between first and second
elements of a truss, there are no stress points at bolt hole
locations. The load is transferred between the first and second
elongate elements of the truss system of the invention and is
spread over the considerable length of the flange elements of
the fish-plates.
Connector plates are driven into the connector plate
slots at that end of the truss segment to be joined to the next
truss segment and the two segments forced into abutment. This
process is repeated until the required number of truss segments
has been connected together. Tensioning cables are then fed
through the tensioning channels and tensioned by means of swage
studs (not shown) at each end of the truss to secure the truss
into a load bearing unit.
[0052] In the case of roofing, trusses are lifted into
position on suitable supporting elements at predetermined
spacings. Roofing panels are then snap-fitted into the roof
panel retaining channels of either or both of elongate first
and second elements of adjacent trusses. The roof panels of the
system interconnect adjacent ones of the trusses, and the
structural properties of the polycarbonate panels of the system
are such that no other support is required than that provided
by the trusses, with the panels in effect fulfilling the
function of purlins.
The system of the invention thus offers three glazing
solutions. Firstly, in a roof construction, polycarbonate
roofing panels may be arranged at the upper elongate elements
of the truss only, providing a continuous glazed surface over
the roof with the trusses exposed from below. Alternatively,
roofing panels may be arranged at the lower elongate elements
only, providing a continuous glazed surface as viewed from
below, leaving the trusses exposed above, while thirdly, panels
may be provided at both the upper and lower elongate elements
of the trusses.
Where both an upper and a lower layer of roofing
panels are to be supported by the trusses, the lower layer is
installed first and may be followed by placing translucent
insulation bats to substantially fill the space between the
upper and lower roofing panels. Alternatively, as shown in
figure 7, where only a single layer of panels is required, a
modified elongate element 80 with an enclosed section 82 may be
used as either the first or second elongate element.
It will be appreciated, especially from figure 6, that the
closely abutting polycarbonate panels of the lower layer
effectively protect the trusses from any corrosive gasses, such
as are present in an enclosed swimming pool for example.
Similarly an upper layer of panels protect the trusses from the
elements.
Second Preferred Embodiment
In this second embodiment with reference to figures 8
to 11, in which like features are similarly numbered, truss
segments (112) to made up a truss such as shown in figure 1,
are likewise made up of first and second elongate elements
(114) and (116) interconnected at intervals by assemblies of
pairs of fish plates 18 (hereinafter referred to as “short fish
plates”) as described above and shown in figures 2, 4 and 5. In
this embodiment however, with reference firstly to figure 8, a
second form of fish plates 118a and 118b (“long fish plates”)
of a modified configuration are provided in which extension
arms 102 project from the upper and lower extremities of the
central portion (104) of the plate.
Only the central portion (104) of each long fish
plate (118a) and (118b) is provided with outwardly projecting
flanges (106), (as described for the first embodiment above),
at the upper and lower edged of the plate. A series of through
holes 108 is provided along the upper and lower portions of the
fish plate and along the extension arms 102. If required,
depending on the degree of curvature of the elongate elements
of the truss to which they are to be applied, the long fish
plates may be provided with matching curvature.
[0057] In this embodiment, with reference now to figure 9
the short fish plates (18a) and (18b) are again inserted and
slid into back-to-back association to form fish plate
assemblies (18) as before described, to interconnect the
elements (114) and (116) of a truss segment (112) at intervals
along the segment as required. However, in this embodiment the
long fish plate assemblies 118 provide connections between
adjoining truss segments.
To join prior assembled truss segments one to
another, a long fish plate assembly (118) is inserted into the
ends of first and second elongate elements (114) and (116) at
the end of one of the two truss segments to be joined. The long
fish plate assembly (118) is inserted to half its length as
shown in figure 9 and the long fish plates then locked to the
elongate elements (114) and (116) by through bolts (120)
passing through pre-drilled holes, (or after drilling the
required holes), through flanges (122) and the holes (108) in
extension arms (102) of the long fish plate assembly (118).
The truss segment to be connected (without a long
fish plate assembly inserted into the abutting ends of its
elongate elements) may then be slid over the projecting
sections of the long fish plate assembly (118) projecting from
the prepared truss segment and the two segments secured
together by similarly bolting through the flanges (120) and the
opposite extension arms (102) of the long fish plates.
The extruded elongate elements (114) and (116) making
up the first and second truss elements of a truss segment (112)
may be of the same profile as described above and shown in
figures 3 and 6. Alternatively, truss segments may be formed
with elongate element extrusions shown in figures 10 and 11.
In the case of the extrusion (130) of figure 10, the
outer portion of the extrusion is provided with a channel
structure and snap-in formations to accept the edges of
polycarbonate panels as described above and as shown in figure
6. The overall depth of the profile of the extrusion (130) may
be selected to suit the load requirements of a particular range
of spans for which assembled trusses may be used.
[0062] In an alternative arrangement as shown in figure 11,
the extrusion (200) making up the first and second elements of
a truss segment, may include a panel retaining formation in the
form of a projected element (210) in the form of a "T"
extending outward from an upper surface of a hollow section
(214). In this arrangement, panels (not shown) are retained
between the undersides (216) of the flanges (218) and (220) of
the "T" section.
Although the above description is mainly focused on
the use of the trusses in a roofing context, it will be
understood that extensive facades may be provided with a
translucent or transparent curtain wall by use of the truss
assemblies of the invention arranged in vertical or sloping
arrays and similarly combined with panels.
The above describes only some embodiments of the
present invention and modifications, obvious to those skilled
in the art, can be made thereto without departing from the
scope of the present invention.
Claims (25)
1. A truss system for roof or façade panelling of a building; a truss of said truss system including at least one truss segment; each said truss segment comprising a first elongate element and a second elongate element; said first and second elongate elements interconnected at intervals by a series of fish-plate assemblies; each fish-plate assembly of said series of fish-plate assemblies comprising a pair of fish-plates arranged back-to-back when in use; each fish-plate comprising a planar plate portion provided at respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly and normal to an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said fish-plate assemblies engaging with respective extruded fish-plate channels of said first and second elongate elements; said fish-plate channels formed so as to retain said fish-plate assemblies by capture of said flanges when said pair of fish-plates are assembled back-to-back.
2. The truss system of claim 1 wherein each said first and second elongate element of a said truss segment comprises an extruded section; said extruded section including a panel retaining channel and said extruded fish-plate channel.
3. The truss system of claim 1 or 2 wherein a said extruded section further includes a connector plate slot; said connector blade slot adapted for friction fit insertion of a connector plate.
4. The truss system of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein a said extruded section further includes a cable channel; said cable channel adapted to receive a free-running tensioning cable.
5. The truss system of any one of claims 2 to 4 wherein said panel retaining channel includes panel retaining elements; said panel retaining elements formed along outer edges of said panel retaining channel; said panel retaining elements directed inwards towards a median plane of said panel retaining channel.
6. The truss system of any one of claims 2 to 5 wherein a said truss supports said panels by retaining flange elements of said panels in said panel retaining channels; said panel retaining elements locking respective said flange elements of adjacent said panels into said panel retaining channel as a snap fit.
7. The truss system of any one of claims 2 to 6 wherein a said truss supports said panels along said first elongate elements of said truss.
8. The truss system of any one of claims 2 to 6 wherein a said truss supports said panels along said second elongate element of said truss.
9. The truss system of any one of claims 2 to 6 wherein a said truss supports said panels along both said first and said second elongate elements of said truss.
10. The truss system of any one of claim 2 to 9 wherein said panels interconnect adjacent ones of said trusses; said panels fulfilling the function of purlins.
11. The truss system of any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein said first and second elongate elements of said truss comprise aluminium extrusions.
12. The truss system of any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein fish-plates of said fish-plate assemblies comprise stainless steel pressings.
13. The truss system of any one of claims 4 to 12 wherein said tensioning cable comprises stainless steel wire rope.
14. The truss system of any one of claims 2 to 13 wherein said panels comprise transparent or translucent polymer panels.
15. The truss system of any one of claims 2 to 14 wherein translucent insulating panels are retained between said panels arranged along both said first and said second elongate elements of said truss.
16. A method of providing roofing or curtain walling of a building or area; said method including assembly and erection of trusses; said method including the steps (a) assembling a required number of truss segments into said trusses; each said segment comprising a first and a second elongate element, (b) interconnecting said first and second elongate elements of each said segment with at least one fish-plate assembly; fish-plates of said at least one fish-plate assembly engaging with respective fish-plate channels of said first and second elongate elements; (c) connecting abutting ones of said required number of truss segments by insertion of connector plates into connector plate slots of said abutting truss segments, (d) passing tensioning cables through cable channels of said first and second elongate elements of said abutting truss segments, (e) tensioning said tensioning cables, and wherein each fish-plate assembly comprises a pair of fish-plates arranged back to back when in use; each said fish-plate comprising a planar plate portion provided at respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly and normal to an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said flanges captured in fish-plate channels provided in each of said first and second elongate element.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said method further includes the steps of: (a) erecting said trusses on suitable supporting elements at predetermined intervals, (b) snap-fitting panels into panel retaining channels of either or both of elongate first and second elements of adjacent said truss segments.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein insulating panels are retained between said panels attached to both said first and second elements.
19. The truss system for roof or façade panelling of a building of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein each said truss segment comprising a first elongate element and a second elongate element interconnected at intervals by a series of short fish-plate assemblies; each said short fish-plate assembly comprising a pair of fish-plates arranged back-to- back when in use; said fish-plate assemblies engaging with respective extruded fish-plate channels of said first and second elongate elements; each said fish- plate comprising a planar plate portion provided at respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly and normal to an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said flanges captured in said fish-plate channels, and wherein abutting truss segments are connected together by means of a long fish-plate assembly.
20. The truss system of claim 19 wherein said long fish- plate assembly comprises a back-to-back assembly of two long fish-plates; each said long fish-plate comprising a central section; said long fish-plate assemblies including extension arms extending from upper and lower portions of said central section; said central section and said extension arms provided with respective upper and lower series of through holes.
21. The truss system of claim 20 wherein said central section is provided with outwardly projecting flange elements at an upper edge and a lower edge of said central section such that when said long fish-plates are assembled in said back to back assembly said outwardly projecting flange elements project outwardly from said assembly.
22. The truss system of claim 21 wherein said outwardly projecting flange elements engage with said extruded fish-plate channels of said first and second elongate elements.
23. The truss system of any one of claims 20 to 22 wherein half of a length of a said long fish-plate assembly is secured in said extruded fish-plate channels of a first said truss segments by bolts passing through flange elements of said first and second elongate elements and said through holes; a second half of said length of said long fish-plate assembly secured in said fish-plate channels of an adjoining said truss segment by bolts passing through flange elements of said first and second elongate elements and said through holes.
24. A method of securing together adjoining segments of a truss; each said truss segment comprising first and second elongate elements interconnected by short fish-plate assemblies; each of said short fish-plate assemblies comprising a pair of short fish-plates arranged back to back when in use; each of said short fish-plates comprising a planar plate portion provided at respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly and normal to an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said fish- plates retained in said fish-plate channels by capture of said flanges in said fish-plate channels, said method including the steps of: (a) inserting a first pair of extension arms projecting from a central portion of a long fish- plate assembly into fish-plate channels of respective first and second elongate elements of a first said truss segment, (b) securing said long fish-plate assembly in said first and second elongate elements by bolts passing through flanges of said elongate elements and through holes in said extension arms and in said central portion of said fish-plate assembly, (c) sliding first and second elongate elements of a said adjoining truss segment onto an opposite second pair of extension arms of said long fish- plate assembly so as to abut corresponding said first and second elongate elements of said first truss segment, (d) securing said adjoining truss segment to said long fish-plate assembly by bolts passing through flanges of said elongate elements and through holes in said extension arms and said central portion of said fish-plate assembly, and wherein a said long fish-plate assembly comprises a pair of said long fish-plates arranged back-to-back; said long fish-plates including a central portion with extension arms projecting from upper and lower extremities of said central portion; at least said central portion provided along respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly and normal to an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said long fish-plates retained in said fish- plate channels by said flanges captured in said fish- plate channels.
25. A method of assembling fish-plate assemblies to elongate elements of a truss; said truss comprising first and second elongate elements interconnected by a series of said fish-plate assemblies; each said fish-plate assembly comprising a pair of fish-plates arranged in a back-to-back position when in use; said method including the steps of: a. inserting first and second fish-plates of each of said series of fish-plate assemblies into a narrow part of a fish-plate channels provided in said first and second elongate element, b. sliding said first and second fish-plates together into said back-to-back position, and wherein each said fish-plate includes a planar plate portion provided along respective upper and lower edges with flanges projecting outwardly from an outer surface of said planar plate portion; said fish-plate channels of sufficient width for insertion of said fish-plates; said fish-plate assembly retained in said in said fish-plate channels by captured of said flanges in said fish-plate channels when said pair of fish-plates are assembled in said back-to-back position.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2011232748 | 2011-10-05 | ||
AU2011232748A AU2011232748B2 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2011-10-05 | Truss System |
PCT/AU2012/000963 WO2013049878A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 | 2012-08-15 | Truss system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ623771A NZ623771A (en) | 2016-04-29 |
NZ623771B2 true NZ623771B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
Family
ID=
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