NZ617158B2 - Non-human animals expressing antibodies having a common light chain - Google Patents
Non-human animals expressing antibodies having a common light chain Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ617158B2 NZ617158B2 NZ617158A NZ61715812A NZ617158B2 NZ 617158 B2 NZ617158 B2 NZ 617158B2 NZ 617158 A NZ617158 A NZ 617158A NZ 61715812 A NZ61715812 A NZ 61715812A NZ 617158 B2 NZ617158 B2 NZ 617158B2
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- human
- light chain
- mouse
- sequence
- antigen
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2207/00—Modified animals
- A01K2207/15—Humanized animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/07—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination
- A01K2217/072—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination maintaining or altering function, i.e. knock in
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/15—Animals comprising multiple alterations of the genome, by transgenesis or homologous recombination, e.g. obtained by cross-breeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/01—Animal expressing industrially exogenous proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
- A01K67/0278—Humanized animals, e.g. knockin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/46—Hybrid immunoglobulins
- C07K16/468—Immunoglobulins having two or more different antigen binding sites, e.g. multifunctional antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/21—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from primates, e.g. man
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/31—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/515—Complete light chain, i.e. VL + CL
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/30—Non-immunoglobulin-derived peptide or protein having an immunoglobulin constant or Fc region, or a fragment thereof, attached thereto
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
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- C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
- C12N2800/20—Pseudochromosomes, minichrosomosomes
- C12N2800/204—Pseudochromosomes, minichrosomosomes of bacterial origin, e.g. BAC
Abstract
Disclosed the use of a genetically modified mouse in making an antibody, wherein the mouse comprises a population of B cells that express antibodies, each of the antibodies comprising a human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain derived from a single rearranged human V?3-20/J? sequence which is present in the germline of the mouse, wherein the single rearranged human V?3-20/J? sequence comprises a human germline V?3-20 gene segment and a human germline J? gene segment, which single rearranged human V?3-20/J? sequence is operably linked to an immunoglobulin light chain constant region sequence, and wherein the human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain is expressed from a sequence that is identical to or a somatically hypermutated variant of the rearranged human V?3-20/J? sequence, and wherein at least one antibody expressed by the population of B cells comprises a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain derived from a human VH3-53 gene segment. s present in the germline of the mouse, wherein the single rearranged human V?3-20/J? sequence comprises a human germline V?3-20 gene segment and a human germline J? gene segment, which single rearranged human V?3-20/J? sequence is operably linked to an immunoglobulin light chain constant region sequence, and wherein the human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain is expressed from a sequence that is identical to or a somatically hypermutated variant of the rearranged human V?3-20/J? sequence, and wherein at least one antibody expressed by the population of B cells comprises a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain derived from a human VH3-53 gene segment.
Description
MAN S EXPRESSING ANTIBODIES
HAVING A COMMON LIGHT CHAIN
FIELD OF INVENTION
A genetically modified mouse is provided that expresses antibodies having a
common human variable/mouse nt light chain associated with diverse human
variable/mouse constant heavy chains. A method for making a human bispecific dy
from human variable region gene sequences of B cells of the mouse is provided.
BACKGROUND
Antibodies typically comprise a homodimeric heavy chain component, wherein each
heavy chain monomer is associated with an identical light chain. Antibodies having a
heterodimeric heavy chain component (e.g., ific antibodies) are desirable as
therapeutic antibodies. But making bispecific antibodies having a suitable light chain
component that can satisfactorily associate with each of the heavy chains of a bispecific
antibody has proved problematic.
in one approach, a light chain might be selected by surveying usage statistics for all
light chain variable domains, identifying the most ntly ed light chain in human
antibodies, and pairing that light chain in vitro with the two heavy chains of ing
specificity.
In another approach, a light chain might be selected by observing light chain
sequences in a phage display library (9.9., a phage display library sing human light
chain variable region sequences, 9.9., a human scFv library) and selecting the most
commonly used light chain variable region from the library. The light chain can then be
tested on the two different heavy chains of interest.
In another approach, a light chain might be selected by assaying a phage display
library of light chain variable sequences using the heavy chain variable sequences of both
heavy chains of interest as probes. A light chain that associates with both heavy chain
variable sequences might be selected as a light chain for the heavy chains.
in another approach, a candidate light chain might be aligned with the heavy
chains’ cognate light chains, and cations are made in the light chain to more closely
match sequence characteristics common to the cognate light chains of both heavy chains.
If the chances of immunogenicity need to be minimized, the modifications preferably result
in sequences that are present in known human light chain sequences, such that proteolytic
processing is unlikely to te a T cell epitope based on parameters and methods
known in the art for assessing the likelihood of immunogenicity (i.e., in silico as well as wet
assays).
All of the above approaches rely on in vitro methods that subsume a number of a
priori ints, e.g., sequence identity, ability to associate with specific pre-selected heavy
chains, etc. There is a need in the art for compositions and methods that do not rely on
manipulating in vitro conditions, but that instead employ more biologically sensible
approaches to making human epitope-binding proteins that e a common light chain.
SUMMARY
[0007a] In one aspect the present invention provides a genetically modified mouse
sing a population of B cells that each express
a human globulin light chain variable domain derived from a single
rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ sequence which is present in the germline of the mouse,
wherein the single rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ sequence ses a human
germline Vκ1-39 gene segment and a human germline Jκ gene segment, which single
rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ sequence is operably linked to an immunoglobulin light
chain constant region sequence, and wherein the human immunoglobulin light chain
variable domain is expressed from a sequence that is identical to or a cally
hypermutated variant of the rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ sequence; and
wherein the B cells of the population include at least one B cell that expresses
a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain derived from a rearranged human
VH/D/JH region selected from the group consisting of 1-69/6-13/4, 1-69/6-6/5, 2-5/3-22/1, 3-
13/6-6/5, 3-23/2-8/4, 3-23/6-6/4, 3-23/7-27/4, 3-30/1-1/4, -3/4, 3-30/5-5/2, and 3-30/7-
27/6.
] In a further aspect the t invention provides a genetically modified mouse
comprising a population of B cells that each express a human immunoglobulin light chain
variable domain derived from a single rearranged human Vκ3-20/Jκ ce which is
present in the germline of the mouse, wherein the single rearranged human Vκ3-20/Jκ
sequence ses a human germline Vκ3-20 gene segment and a human ne Jκ
gene segment, which single rearranged human Vκ3-20/Jκ sequence is ly linked to an
immunoglobulin light chain constant region sequence, and wherein the human
immunoglobulin light chain variable domain is expressed from a sequence that is identical to
or a somatically hypermutated variant of the rearranged human /Jκ sequence; and
wherein the B cells of the population include at least one B cell that expresses
a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain d from a rearranged human
H region selected from the group consisting of 3-30/3-3/3, 3-33/1-7/4, 3-33/2-15/4, and
3-53/1-1/4.
[0007c] In a further aspect the present invention provides use of a genetically modified
mouse in making an antibody, wherein the mouse is terized in that it comprises a
population of B cells that express dies, each of the antibodies comprising a human
immunoglobulin light chain variable domain derived from a single rearranged human Vκ1-
39/Jκ sequence which is t in the germline of the mouse, wherein the single rearranged
human Vκ1-39/Jκ sequence comprises a human germline Vκ1-39 gene t and a
human germline Jκ gene segment, which single rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ ce is
ly linked to an immunoglobulin light chain constant region sequence, and wherein the
human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain is expressed from a sequence that is
identical to or a somatically hypermutated variant of the rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ
sequence, and wherein at least one antibody expressed by the tion of B cells
comprises a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain derived from a human VH1-
69 gene segment.
[0007d] In another aspect the present invention provides use of a genetically modified
mouse in making an antibody, wherein the mouse is terized in that it ses a
population of B cells that express antibodies, each of the antibodies comprising a human
immunoglobulin light chain le domain derived from a single rearranged human Vκ3-
/Jκ sequence which is t in the germline of the mouse, wherein the single nged
human Vκ3-20/Jκ sequence comprises a human germline Vκ3-20 gene segment and a
human germline Jκ gene segment, which single rearranged human Vκ3-20/Jκ sequence is
operably linked to an immunoglobulin light chain constant region sequence, and wherein the
human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain is expressed from a sequence that is
identical to or a somatically hypermutated variant of the rearranged human Vκ3-20/Jκ
sequence, and wherein at least one antibody expressed by the population of B cells
comprises a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain derived from a human VH3-
53 gene segment.
Genetically modified mice that express human immunoglobulin heavy and light
chain variable domains, wherein the mice have a limited light chain variable repertoire, are
provided. A biological system for generating a human light chain variable domain that
associates and expresses with a diverse repertoire of affinity-matured human heavy chain
variable domains is provided. Methods for making binding proteins comprising
immunoglobulin variable s are provided, comprising immunizing mice that have a
limited immunoglobulin light chain
repertoire with an antigen of interest, and employing an immunoglobulin variable region gene
sequence of the mouse in a binding protein that specifically binds the antigen of interest.
Methods include methods for making human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable s
suitable for use in making multi-specific n-binding proteins.
cally engineered mice are provided that select suitable affinity-matured
human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domains derived from a repertoire of
ranged human heavy chain variable region gene segments, wherein the affinitymatured
human heavy chain variable domains associate and express with a single human
light chain variable domain derived from one human light chain variable region gene segment.
Genetically engineered mice that present a choice of two human light chain variable region
gene segments are also provided.
Genetically engineered mice are provided that express a limited repertoire of
human light chain le domains, or a single human light chain variable , from a
limited repertoire of human light chain variable region gene segments. The mice are
genetically ered to include a single unrearranged human light chain variable region
gene segment (or two human light chain variable region gene segments) that rearranges to
form a rearranged human light chain variable region gene (or two nged light chain
variable region genes) that express a single light chain (or that express either or both of two
light chains). The rearranged human light chain variable domains are capable of g with
a plurality of affinity-matured human heavy chains selected by the mice, wherein the heavy
chain variable regions specifically bind different epitopes.
cally engineered mice are provided that express a limited repertoire of
human light chain variable domains, or a single human light chain variable domain, from a
limited repertoire of human light chain variable region sequences. The mice are genetically
engineered to include a single V/J human light chain sequence (or two V/J sequences) that
express a le region of a single light chain (or that express either or both of two
variable regions). A light chain comprising the le sequence is capable of pairing with
a plurality of affinity—matured human heavy chains clonally ed by the mice, wherein
the heavy chain variable regions ically bind different epitopes.
In one , a genetically modified mouse is provided that comprises a single
human immunoglobulin light chain variable (VL) region gene segment that is capable of
rearranging with a human J gene t (selected from one or a plurality of JL segments)
and encoding a human VL domain of an immunoglobulin light chain. In another aspect, the
mouse comprises no more than two human VL gene segments, each of which is e of
rearranging with a human J gene segment (selected from one or a plurality of JL segments)
and encoding a human VL domain of an immunoglobulin light chain.
in one embodiment, the single human VL gene segment is operably linked to a
human JL gene segment selected from JK1, JKZ, JK3, JK4, and JK5, wherein the single
human VL gene segment is e of rearranging to form a sequence encoding a light
chain variable region gene with any of the one or more human JL gene segments.
in one embodiment, the genetically modified mouse comprises an globulin
light chain locus that does not comprise an endogenous mouse VL gene segment that is
capable of rearranging to form an immunoglobulin light chain gene, wherein the VL locus
comprises a single human VL gene segment that is capable of rearranging to encode a VL
region of a light chain gene. in a specific embodiment, the human VL gene segment is a
human VK1-39JK5 gene segment or a human VK3-20JK1 gene t. In one
embodiment, the genetically modified mouse comprises a VL locus that does not comprise
an endogenous mouse VL gene segment that is capable of rearranging to form an
immunoglobulin light chain gene, n the VL locus comprises no more than two human
VL gene segments that are capable of rearranging to encode a VL region of a light chain
gene. ln a specific embodiment, the no more than 2 human VL gene segments are a
human VK1-39JK5 gene segment and a human VK3—20JK1 gene segment.
in one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is provided that comprises a single
rearranged (V/J) human globulin light chain variabie (VL) region (Le, a VL/JL
region) that encodes a human VL domain of an immunoglobulin light chain. In another
aspect, the mouse comprises no more than two rearranged human VL regions that are
capable of encoding a human VL domain of an immunoglobulin light chain.
WO 48873
In one embodiment, the VL region is a rearranged human VK1—39/J sequence or a
rearranged human VK3-20/J sequence. In one embodiment, the human JL segment of the
rearranged VL/JL sequence is selected from JK1, JK2, Jx3, JK4, and JK5. In a specific
embodiment, the VL region is a human VK1-39JK5 sequence or a human VK3-20JK1
sequence. In a specific embodiment, the mouse has both a human VK1-39JK5 sequence
and a human VK3-20JK1 sequence.
In one embodiment, the human VL gene segment is operably linked to a human or
mouse leader sequence. In one embodiment, the leader sequence is a mouse leader
sequence. In a specific embodiment, the mouse leader sequence is a mouse VK3-7 leader
sequence. In a specific embodiment, the leader sequence is operably linked to an
unrearranged human VL gene t. In a specific embodiment, the leader sequence is
operably linked to a rearranged human VL/JL sequence.
In one ment, the VL gene segment is operably linked to an globulin
promoter sequence. In one embodiment, the promoter sequence is a human er
sequence. In a specific embodiment, the human immunoglobulin promoter is a human
VK3-15 promoter. In a specific embodiment, the promoter is ly linked to an
unrearranged human VL gene segment. In a specific embodiment, the promoter is
operably linked to a rearranged human VL/JL sequence.
In one embodiment, the light chain locus comprises a leader sequence flanked 5’
(with respect to riptional direction of a VL gene segment) with a human
immunoglobulin promoter and flanked 3’ with a human VL gene segment that nges
with a human J segment and encodes a VL domain of a reverse chimeric light chain
comprising an nous mouse light chain constant region (CL). In a specific
embodiment, the VL gene segment is at the mouse VK locus, and the mouse CL is a mouse
In one embodiment, the light chain locus comprises a leader sequence flanked 5’
(with respect to transcriptional direction of a VL gene segment) with a human
immunoglobulin promoter and flanked 3’ with a nged human VL region (VL/JL
sequence) and encodes a VL domain of a reverse chimeric light chain comprising an
nous mouse light chain constant region (CL). In a specific embodiment, the
nged human VL/JL sequence is at the mouse kappa (K) locus, and the mouse CL is a
mouse CK.
In one embodiment, the VL locus of the modified mouse is a K light chain locus, and
the K light chain locus comprises a mouse K intronic enhancer, a mouse K 3’ enhancer, or
both an intronic enhancer and a 3’ enhancer.
In one embodiment, the mouse comprises a nonfunctional immunoglobulin lambda
0») light chain locus. In a specific embodiment, the A light chain locus comprises a deletion
of one or more sequences of the locus, wherein the one or more deletions renders the it
light chain locus incapable of rearranging to form a light chain gene. In another
embodiment, all or substantially aII of the VL gene segments of the 7» light chain locus are
deleted.
In one embodiment, mouse makes a light chain that comprises a cally
mutated VL domain derived from a human VL gene segment. In one embodiment, the light
chain ses a somatically mutated VL domain derived from a human VL gene segment,
and a mouse CK region. In one embodiment, the mouse does not express a x light chain.
In one ment, the genetically modified mouse is capable of somatically
hypermutating the human VL region sequence. In a specific embodiment, the mouse
comprises a cell that comprises a nged globulin light chain gene derived
from a human VL gene segment that is capabie of rearranging and encoding a VL domain,
and the nged immunoglobulin light chain gene comprises a somatically mutated VL
In one embodiment, the mouse comprises a cell that expresses a light chain
comprising a somatically mutated human VL domain linked to a mouse CK, wherein the
light chain associates with a heavy chain comprising a somatically mutated VH domain
derived from a human VH gene segment and wherein the heavy chain comprises a mouse
heavy chain constant region (CH). In a specific embodiment, the heavy chain comprises a
mouse CH1, a mouse hinge, a mouse CH2, and a mouse CH3. In a specific embodiment,
the heavy chain comprises a human cm, a hinge, a mouse CH2, and a mouse CH3.
In one embodiment, the mouse comprises a replacement of endogenous mouse VH
gene segments with one or more human VH gene ts, wherein the human VH gene
segments are operably linked to a mouse CH region gene, such that the mouse nges
the human VH gene segments and expresses a reverse chimeric immunoglobuiin heavy
chain that comprises a human VH domain and a mouse CH. In one embodiment, 90-100%
of unrearranged mouse VH gene ts are replaced with at Ieast one unrearranged
human VH gene segment. In a specific embodiment, all or substantially all of the
endogenous mouse VH gene segments are replaced with at least one unrearranged human
VH gene segment. In one embodiment, the replacement is with at least 19, at least 39, or
at least 80 or 81 unrearranged human VH gene segments. In one embodiment, the
replacement is with at least 12 functional unrearranged human VH gene segments, at least
onal unrearranged human VH gene segments, or at least 43 onal
ranged human VH gene segments. In one embodiment, the mouse comprises a
2012/034737
replacement of all mouse DH and JH segments with at least one unrearranged human DH
segment and at least one ranged human JH segment. in one embodiment, the at
least one unrearranged human DH segment is selected from 1-1, 1—7, 1-26, 2-8, 2—15, 3-3,
3—10, 3—16, 3-22, 5—5, 5-12, 6—6, 6-13, 7-27, and a combination thereof. in one
embodiment, the at least one unrearranged human JH t is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4,
, 6, and a ation thereof. in a specific embodiment, the one or more human VH
gene segment is selected from a 1-2, 1-8, 1-24, 1-69, 2-5, 3-7, 3-9, 3-11, 3-13, 3—15, 3—20,
3-23, 3-30, 3-33, 3—48, 3-53, 4-31, 4—39, 4-59, 5-51, a 6-1 human VH gene segment, and a
combination thereof.
in one embodiment, the mouse comprises a B cell that expresses a binding protein
that specifically binds an antigen of interest, wherein the binding protein comprises a light
chain derived from a human VK1~39/JK5 rearrangement or a human VK3-20/JK1
rearrangement, and wherein the cell comprises a rearranged immunoglobuiin heavy chain
gene derived from a rearrangement of human VH gene segments selected from a 1—69, 2—
, 3-13, 3—23, 3—30, 3-33, 3-53, 4-39, 4-59, and 5-51 gene t. in one embodiment,
the one or more human VH gene segments are nged with a human heavy chain JH
gene t selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. in one ment, the one or more
human VH and JH gene segments are rearranged with a human DH gene segment selected
from 1—1, 1-7, 1—26, 2-8, 2-15, 3-3, 3-10, 3-16, 3-22, 5—5, 5-12, 6—6, 6—13, and 7-27. In a
specific embodiment, the iight chain gene has 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more somatic
hypermutations.
in one embodiment, the mouse comprises a B cell that comprises a nged
immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene sequence comprising a VH/DH/JH region
selected from 2-5/6-6/1, 2-5/3-22/1, 3-13/6-6/5, 3—23/2-8/4, 3-23/3—3/4, 3—23/3-10/4, 3-23/6-
6/4, 3-23/7-27/4, 3—30/1—1/4, 3-30/1-7/4, 3—30/3—3/3, 3—30/3-3/4, 3-30/3~22/5, 3-30/5-5/2, 3-
2/4, 3—30/6—6/1, —6/3, 3-30/6—6/4, 3~30/6—6/5, 3-30/6-13/4, 3-30/7-27/4, -
27/5, 3-30/7-27/6, 3-33/1-7/4, 3-33/2-15/4, 4-39/1-26/3, 4-59/3-16/3, 4-59/3-16/4, 4-59/3-
22/3, 5-51/3-16/6, 5-51/5-5/3, 5—51/6-13/5, 3-53/1-1/4, 1—69/6—6/5, and 1—69/6—13/4. in a
specific embodiment, the B cell expresses a binding protein comprising a human
immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region fused with a mouse heavy chain constant
region, and a human immunoglobulin light chain variable region fused with a mouse light
chain constant region. In one embodiment, the rearranged human VL region is a human
JK5 sequence, and the mouse expresses a e chimeric light chain comprising
(i) a VL domain derived from the human VL/JL sequence and (ii) a mouse CL; wherein the
light chain is associated with a reverse chimeric heavy chain comprising (i) a mouse CH
and (ii) a somatically mutated human VH domain derived from a human VH gene segment
ed from a 1-2, 1-8, 1-24, 1-69, 2—5, 3-7, 3-9, 3—11, 3-13, 3-15, 3-20, 3—23, 3-30, 3-33,
3-48, 3—53, 4—31, 4-39, 4-59, 5-51, a 6—1 human VH gene segment, and a combination
thereof. In one ment, the mouse expresses a light chain that is somatically
mutated. ln one ment the CL is a mouse CK. In a specific embodimentthe human
VH gene segment is selected from a 2—5, 3—13, 3—23, 3-30, 4-59, 5-51, and 1-69 gene
segment. In a specific embodiment, the somatically mutated human VH domain comprises
a sequence derived from a DH segment selected from 1-1, 1-7, 2-8, 3-3, 3-10, 3-16, 3-22,
-5, 5—12, 6-6, 6—13, and 7-27. ln a specific embodiment, the somatically mutated human
VH domain comprises a sequence d from a JH segment ed from t, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6. in a specific embodiment, the somatically mutated human VH domain is encoded by
a rearranged human VH/DH/JH sequence selected from 2—5/6-6/1, 2—5/3—22/1, 3-13/6-6/5, 3-
23/2—8/4, 3—23/3-3/4, 3-23/3-10/4, 3-23/6—6/4, -27/4, 3-30/1-1/4, 3-30/1-7/4, 3-30/3~
3/4, 3—30/3-22/5, 3—30/5-5/2, 3-30/5—12/4, 3-30/6—6/1, 3-30/6-6/3, 3-30/6-6/4, 3-30/6-6/5, 3-
/6—13/4, 3—30/7-27/4, 3-30/7—27/5, —27/6, 4—59/3-16/3, 4—59/3-16/4, 4-59/3-22/3, 5-
51/5—5/3, 1—69/6—6/5, and 1—69/6-13/4.
In one ment, the mouse comprises a B cell that expresses a binding protein
that specifically binds an antigen of interest, wherein the binding protein comprises a light
chain derived from a human VK1-39/JK5 rearrangement, and wherein the cell comprises a
nged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene sequence comprising a
VH/DH/JH region selected from 2-5/3—22/1, 3-13/6—6/5, 3—23/2—8/4, 3—23/6-6/4, 3—23/7—27/4,
3—30/1-1/4, 3-30/3—3/4, 3-30/5-5/2, —27/6, —6/5 and 1-69/6—13/4. In a specific
ment, the B cell expresses a binding protein comprising a human immunoglobulin
heavy chain variable region fused with a mouse heavy chain constant region, and a human
immunoglobulin light chain variable region fused with a mouse light chain constant region.
in one embodiment, the rearranged human VL region is a human VK3-20JK1
sequence, and the mouse expresses a reverse chimeric light chain comprising (i) a VL
domain derived from the rearranged human VL/JL sequence, and (ii) a mouse CL; wherein
the light chain is associated with a reverse chimeric heavy chain comprising (i) a mouse
CH, and (ii) a somatically mutated human VH derived from a human VH gene segment
selected from a 1-2, 1-8, 1—24, 1-69, 2-5, 3—7, 3—9, 3-11, 3-13, 3-15, 3—20, 3—23, 3-30, 3-33,
3-48, 3-53, 4—31, 4—39, 4—59, 5-51, a 6-1 human VH gene segment, and a combination
thereof. in one embodiment, the mouse expresses a light chain that is somatically
mutated. in one ment the CL is a mouse CK. ln a specific embodiment, the human
VH gene segment is selected from a 3-30, 3-33, 3—53, 4—39, and 5-51 gene t. ln a
specific ment, the somatically mutated human VH domain comprises a sequence
derived from a DH segment selected from 1-1, 1—7, 1-26, 2—15, 3-3, 3-16, and 6—13. In a
specific embodiment, the somatically mutated human VH domain comprises a sequence
derived from a JH segment selected from 3, 4, 5, and 6. In a specific embodiment, the
somatically d human VH domain is encoded by a rearranged human VH/DH/JH
sequence selected from 3-30/1-1/4, 3-30/3—3/3, 3-33/1-7/4, 3-33/2—15/4, 4-39/1-26/3, 5-
6/6, 5-51/6-13/5, and 3-53/1-1/4.
In one embodiment, the mouse comprises a B cell that expresses a binding n
that specifically binds an antigen of interest, wherein the binding protein comprises a light
chain derived from a human VK3-20/JK1 rearrangement, and wherein the cell comprises a
rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene sequence comprising a
VH/DH/JH region seIected from 3-30/3-3/3, 3-33/1—7/4, -15/4, and 3-53/1—1/4. In a
specific embodiment, the B cell expresses a binding protein comprising a human
immunoglobulin heavy chain le region fused with a mouse heavy chain constant
region, and a human immunoglobulin light chain le region fused with a mouse light
chain constant region.
In one embodiment, the mouse comprises both a nged human VK1-39JK5
sequence and a nged human VK3-20JK1 sequence, and the mouse expresses a
reverse chimeric light chain comprising (i) a VL domain derived from the human VK1-39JK5
sequence or the human VK3-20JK1 sequence, and (ii) a mouse CL; wherein the light chain
is associated with a reverse chimeric heavy chain comprising (i) a mouse CH, and (ii) a
cally mutated human VH derived from a human VH gene segment selected from a 1—
2, 1-8, 1—24, 1-69, 2—5, 3—7, 3—9, 3-11, 3-13, 3-15, 3-20, 3—23, 3-30, 3—33, 3-48, 3-53, 4-31,
4—39, 4—59, 5-51, a 6~1 human VH gene segment, and a combination thereof. In one
embodiment, the mouse expresses a light chain that is somatically mutated. In one
ment the CL is a mouse CK.
In various embodiments, the human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region
fused with a mouse heavy chain constant region and human immunoglobulin light chain
variable region fused with a mouse light chain constant region expressed by the B cell are
cognate in the mouse. In various embodiments, the chimeric light chain and chimeric
heavy chain expressed by the mouse are e in the mouse.
In one embodiment, 90-100% of the endogenous unrearranged mouse VH gene
segments are replaced with at least one unrearranged human VH gene segment. In a
ic embodiment, all or substantially all of the nous unrearranged mouse VH
gene segments are replaced with at least one unrearranged human VH gene t. In
one embodiment, the replacement is with at least 18, at least 39, at least 80, or 81
unrearranged human VH gene segments. In one embodiment, the replacement is with at
least 12 functional unrearranged human VH gene segments, at least 25 functional
ranged human VH gene segments, or at least 43 unrearranged human VH gene
segments.
In one embodiment, the genetically modified mouse is a CS7BL strain, in a specific
embodiment ed from CS7BL/A, CS7BL/An, CS7BL/GrFa, C57BL/KaLwN, C57BL/6,
057BL/6J, GByJ, CS7BL/6NJ, C57BL/10, C57BL/1OScSn, C57BL/10Cr,
CS7BL/Ola. In a specific embodiment, the genetically modified mouse is a mix of an
aforementioned 129 strain and an aforementioned C57BL/6 strain. In another specific
embodiment, the mouse is a mix of aforementioned 129 strains, or a mix of
aforementioned BL/6 strains. In a specific embodiment, the 129 strain of the mix is a
12986 (129/SvaTac) strain.
In one embodiment, the mouse expresses a reverse chimeric antibody comprising
a light chain that comprises a mouse CK and a somatically mutated human VL domain
derived from a rearranged human VK1—39JK5 sequence or a rearranged human VK3-20JK1
ce, and a heavy chain that comprises a mouse CH and a somatically mutated
human VH domain derived from a human VH gene segment selected from a 1-2, 1-8, 1-24,
1-69, 2—5, 3-7, 3-9, 3—11, 3—13, 3—15, 3-20, 3-23, 3-30, 3—33, 3-48, 3—53, 4-31, 4—39, 4-59, 5-
51, and a 6-1 human VH gene segment, wherein the mouse does not express a fully
mouse antibody and does not express a fully human antibody. In one embodiment the
mouse comprises a K light chain locus that comprises a replacement of nous
mouse K light chain gene segments with the nged human VK1—39JK5 sequence or
the rearranged human VK3—20JK1 sequence, and comprises a replacement of all or
substantially all nous mouse VH gene segments with a complete or substantially
complete repertoire of human VH gene segments.
In one aspect, a mouse that expresses an immunoglobulin light chain from a
rearranged immunoglobulin light chain sequence in the germline of the mouse is provided,
wherein the immunoglobulin light chain comprises a human variable ce.
In one ment, the germline of the mouse lacks a functional unrearranged
immunoglobulin light chain V gene segment. In one embodiment, the germline of the
mouse lacks a functional unrearranged immunoglobulin light chain J gene segment.
In one ment, the germline of the mouse comprises no more than one, no
more than two, or no more than three nged (V/J) light chain sequences.
In one embodiment, the nged V/J sequence comprises a K light chain
ce. In a ic embodiment, the K light chain sequence is a human K light chain
sequence. In a specific embodiment, the K light chain sequence is selected from a human
VK1—39/J sequence, a human VK3—20/J sequence, and a combination thereof. In a specific
embodiment, the K light chain sequence is a human VK1-39/JK5 sequence. in a specific
embodiment, the K light chain sequence is a human VK3—20/JK1 sequence.
in one embodiment, the mouse further comprises in its germline a sequence
selected from a mouse K ic enhancer 5’ with respect to the rearranged
immunoglobulin light chain sequence, a mouse K 3’ enhancer, and a combination thereof.
in one embodiment, the mouse comprises an unrearranged human VH gene
segment, an unrearranged human DH gene segment, and an unrearranged human JH gene
segment, n said VH, DH, and JH gene segments are e of rearranging to form
an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene sequence operably linked to a heavy chain
constant gene sequence. ln one ment, the mouse comprises a ity of human
VH, DH, and JH gene segments. ln a specific embodiment, the human VH, DH, and JH gene
segments replace endogenous mouse VH, DH, and JH gene segments at the endogenous
mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. in a ic embodiment, the mouse
comprises a replacement of all or substantially all functional mouse VH, DH, and JH gene
segments with all or substantially all functional human VH, DH, and JH gene segments.
In one embodiment, the mouse expresses an immunoglobulin light chain that
comprises a mouse constant sequence. ln one embodiment, the mouse expresses an
immunoglobulin light chain that comprises a human constant sequence.
in one embodiment, the mouse expresses an globulin heavy chain that
comprises a mouse sequence selected from a CH1 sequence, a hinge ce, a CH2
sequence, a CH3 sequence, and a combination thereof.
In one embodiment, themouse expresses an globulin heavy chain that
comprises a human sequence selected from a CH1 sequence, a hinge sequence, a CH2
sequence, a CH3 sequence, and a combination thereof.
In one embodiment, the rearranged immunoglobulin light chain sequence in the
germline of the mouse is at an nous mouse immunoglobulin light chain locus. In a
specific embodiment, the rearranged immunoglobulin light chain sequence in the germline
of the mouse replaces all or substantially all mouse light chain V and J sequences at the
endogenous mouse immunoglobulin light chain locus.
In one aspect, a mouse cell is provided that is isolated from a mouse as described
herein. ln one embodiment, the cell is an ES cell. in one ment, the cell is a
lymphocyte. In one embodiment, the lymphocyte is a B cell. in one embodiment, the B
cell ses a chimeric heavy chain comprising a variable domain derived from a human
gene segment; and a light chain d from a rearranged human VK1-39/J sequence,
rearranged human VK3-20/J sequence, or a combination thereof; wherein the heavy chain
variable domain is fused to a mouse constant region and the light chain variable domain is
fused to a mouse or a human nt region.
in one embodiment, a mouse B cell is provided that is isolated from a mouse as
described herein, wherein the B cell expresses a chimeric heavy chain derived from a
nged human VH/DH/JH sequence selected from 2-5/3-22/1, 3-13/6—6/5, 3-23/2—8/4, 3-
23/6-6/4, 3-23/7—27/4, 3-30/1-1/4, -3/4, 3-30/5-5/2, 3—30/7—27/6, 1—69/6—6/5 and 1~
69/6-13/4; and a chimeric light chain derived from a rearranged human VK1-39/JK5
sequence; wherein the variable domain is fused to a mouse constant region and the light
chain variable domain is fused to a mouse constant region.
in one embodiment, a mouse B cell is provided that is ed from a mouse as
described herein, wherein the B cell expresses a ic heavy chain derived from a
rearranged human VH/DH/JH sequence selected from 3—30/3—3/3, 3-33/1—7/4, 3-33/2-15/4,
and 3—53/1-1/4; and a chimeric light chain derived from a nged human VK3-20/JK1
sequence; wherein the variable domain is fused to a mouse constant region and the light
chain variable domain is fused to a mouse nt region.
in various embodiments, the chimeric heavy and light chains expressed by the B
cell isolated from a mouse as described herein are cognate in the mouse.
ln one aspect, a hybridoma is provided, n the hybridoma is made with a B
cell of a mouse as described herein. in a specific embodiment, the B cell is from a mouse
as described herein that has been zed with an immunogen comprising an epitope of
interest, and the B cell expresses a binding protein that binds the epitope of interest, the
binding protein has a somatically d human VH domain and a mouse CH, and has a
human VL domain derived from a nged human VK1-39JK5 or a rearranged human
VK3-20JK1 and a mouse CL.
in one embodiment, a hybridoma is provided that is made with a B cell of a mouse
as described herein, wherein the hybridoma expresses a chimeric heavy chain derived
from a rearranged human VH/DH/JH sequence selected from 2-5/3-22/1, 3-13/6-6/5, 3-23/2—
8/4, 3-23/6—6/4, 3—23/7-27/4, 3—30/1—1/4, 3-30/3-3/4, 3-30/5-5/2, —27/6, 1-69/6—6/5 and
1—69/6-13/4; and a chimeric light chain derived from a rearranged human VK1-39/JK5
sequence; wherein the variable domain is fused to a mouse constant region and the light
chain variable domain is fused to a mouse constant region.
In one embodiment, a hybridoma is provided that is made with a B cell of a mouse
as described herein, wherein the hybridoma expresses a chimeric heavy chain derived
from a rearranged human VH/DH/JH sequence selected from -3/3, 3—33/1-7/4, 3-33/2—
/4, and -1/4; and a chimeric light chain derived from a rearranged human VK3-
/th sequence; wherein the le domain is fused to a mouse constant region and
the light chain variable domain is fused to a mouse constant region.
in various embodiments, the chimeric heavy and light chains expressed by the
oma that is made with a B cell of a mouse as bed herein are cognate in the
hybridoma. in various embodiments, the chimeric heavy and light chains expressed by the
oma that is made with a B cell of a mouse as described herein are cognate in the B
cell of the mouse.
in one aspect, a mouse embryo is provided, wherein the embryo comprises a donor
ES cell that is derived from a mouse as described herein.
ln one aspect, a targeting vector is provided, comprising, from 5’ to 3’ in
transcriptional direction with reference to the sequences of the 5’ and 3’ mouse homology
arms of the vector, a 5’ mouse homology arm, a human or mouse immunoglobulin
promoter, a human or mouse leader sequence, and a human VL region selected from a
rearranged human JK5 or a nged human VK3-20JK1, and a 3’ mouse
homology arm. in one embodiment, the 5’ and 3’ homology arms target the vector to a
sequence 5’ with respect to an enhancer sequence that is present 5’ and proximal to the
mouse CK gene. ln one embodiment, the promoter is a human globulin variable
region gene segment promoter. In a specific embodiment, the promoter is a human VK3-
er. ln one embodiment, the leader sequence is a mouse leader sequence. in a
specific embodiment, the mouse leader sequence is a mouse VK3-7 leader ce.
in one , a targeting vector is ed as described above, but in place of the
’ mouse homology arm the human or mouse promoter is flanked 5’ with a site-specific
recombinase recognition site (SRRS), and in place of the 3’ mouse homology arm the
human VL region is flanked 3’ with an SRRS.
In one aspect, a reverse chimeric antibody made by a mouse as described herein,
wherein the reverse chimeric antibody comprises a light chain comprising a human VL and
a mouse CL, and a heavy chain comprising a human VH and a mouse CH.
in one aspect, a method for making an antibody is provided, comprising expressing
in a single cell (a) a first VH gene sequence of an immunized mouse as described herein
fused with a human CH gene sequence; (b) a VL gene sequence of an immunized mouse
as described herein fused with a human CL gene sequence; and, (c) maintaining the cell
under conditions sufficient to express a fully human antibody, and isolating the antibody. in
one embodiment, the cell comprises a second VH gene sequence of a second immunized
mouse as described herein fused with a human CH gene sequence, the first VH gene
sequence encodes a VH domain that recognizes a first epitope, and the second VH gene
sequence encodes a VH domain that recognizes a second epitope, wherein the first
epitope and the second epitope are not identical.
in one aspect, a method for making an epitope-binding protein is ed,
comprising exposing a mouse as bed herein with an immunogen that comprises an
epitope of interest, maintaining the mouse under conditions sufficient for the mouse to
generate an immunoglobulin molecule that specifically binds the epitope of interest, and
ing the immunoglobulin le that specifically binds the epitope of st;
wherein the epitope-binding n comprises a heavy chain that comprises a somatically
d human VH and a mouse CH, associated with a light chain comprising a mouse CL
and a human VL derived from a rearranged human VK1-39JK5 or a rearranged human VK3-
20JK1.
in one aspect, a cell that expresses an epitope-binding protein is provided, wherein
the cell comprises: (a) a human nucleotide sequence encoding a human VL domain that is
derived from a rearranged human VK1-39JK5 or a rearranged human JK1, wherein
the human nucleotide sequence is fused (directly or through a linker) to a human
immunoglobulin light chain constant domain cDNA sequence (9.9., a human K constant
domain DNA sequence); and, (b) a first human VH nucleotide ce encoding a human
VH domain derived from a first human VH nucleotide ce, wherein the first human VH
nucleotide sequence is fused (directly or through a linker) to a human immunoglobulin
heavy chain constant domain cDNA sequence; wherein the epitope-binding protein
recognizes a first epitope. In one embodiment, the e-binding protein binds the first
epitope with a dissociation constant of lower than 10‘6 M, lower than 10'8 M, lower than 10'9
M, lower than 1040 M, lower than 10’11 M, or lower than 10'12 M.
In one embodiment, the cell comprises a second human nucleotide sequence
ng a second human VH domain, wherein the second human ce is fused
(directly or through a linker) to a human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant domain
cDNA sequence, and wherein the second human VH domain does not ically
recognize the first epitope (e.g., displays a dissociation constant of, 6.9., 10'6 M, 10'5 M, 10'
4 M,
or higher), and wherein the epitope—binding protein recognizes the first epitope and the
second epitope, and wherein the first and the second immunoglobulin heavy chains each
associate with an identical light chain of (a).
in one embodiment, the second VH domain binds the second epitope with a
dissociation constant that is lower than 10'6 M, lower than 10'7M, lowerthan 10‘8 M, lower
than 10'9 M, lower than 1040 M, lower than 10‘11 M, or lower than 10‘12 M.
in one embodiment, the epitope-binding protein comprises a first immunoglobulin
heavy chain and a second immunoglobulin heavy chain, each associated with an identical
light chain derived from a rearranged human VL region selected from a human VK1-39JK5
or a human VK3-20JK1, wherein the first immunoglobulin heavy chain binds a first epitope
with a dissociation constant in the nanomolar to picomolar range, the second
immunoglobulin heavy chain binds a second epitope with a dissociation constant in the
nanomolar to picomolar range, the first epitope and the second epitope are not identical,
the first immunoglobulin heavy chain does not bind the second epitope or binds the second
epitope with a dissociation constant weaker than the micromolar range (e.g., the millimolar
, the second immunoglobulin heavy chain does not bind the first epitope or binds the
first epitope with a dissociation nt weaker than the micromolar range (e.g., the
millimolar , and one or more of the VL, the VH of the first immunoglobulin heavy
chain, and the VH of the second immunoglobulin heavy chain, are cally mutated.
In one embodiment, the first immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises a protein A-
binding residue, and the second immunoglobulin heavy chain lacks the protein A-binding
ln one embodiment, the cell is selected from CHO, COS, 293, HeLa, and a retinal
cell expressing a viral c acid sequence (9.9., a PERC.6TM cell).
In one aspect, a reverse chimeric antibody is provided, comprising a human VH and
a mouse heavy chain constant domain, a human VL and a mouse light chain constant
domain, wherein the antibody is made by a s that comprises immunizing a mouse
as described herein with an immunogen comprising an epitope, and the antibody
specifically binds the epitope of the immunogen with which the mouse was immunized. In
one embodiment, the VL domain is somatically mutated. in one embodiment the VH
domain is somatically mutated. In one embodiment, both the VL domain and the VH
domain are somatically mutated. In one embodiment, the VL is linked to a mouse CK
domain.
In one aspect, a mouse is provided, comprising human VH gene segments
replacing all or substantially all mouse VH gene segments at the nous mouse heavy
chain locus; no more than one or two nged human light chain VL/JL sequences
selected from a rearranged VK1-39/J and a rearranged VK3—20/J or a combination thereof,
replacing all mouse light chain gene segments; wherein the human heavy chain variable
gene segments are linked to a mouse constant gene, and the rearranged human light
chain sequences are linked to a human or mouse constant gene.
In one aspect, a mouse ES cell comprising a replacement of all or substantially all
mouse heavy chain variable gene ts with human heavy chain le gene
segments, and no more than one or two nged human light chain VL/JL ces,
wherein the human heavy chain variable gene segments are linked to a mouse
globulin heavy chain constant gene, and the rearranged human light chain VL/JL
sequences are linked to a mouse or human immunoglobulin light chain constant gene. In a
specific embodiment, the light chain constant gene is a mouse constant gene.
in one aspect, an antigen-binding protein made by a mouse as described herein is
ed. in a specific embodiment, the n-binding n comprises a human
immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region fused with a mouse constant region, and a
human immunoglobulin light chain variable region derived from a VK’i-39 gene segment or
a VK3—20 gene segment, wherein the light chain constant region is a mouse constant
region.
in one aspect, a fully human antigen-binding protein made from an immunoglobulin
variable region gene sequence from a mouse as described herein is provided, wherein the
n-binding protein comprises a fully human heavy chain comprising a human variable
region derived from a sequence of a mouse as described , and a fully human light
chain comprising a VK1—39 or a VK3-20. in one embodiment, the light chain variable region
ses one to five c mutations. in one embodiment, the light chain variable
region is a cognate light chain variable region that is paired in a B cell of the mouse with
the heavy chain variable region.
In one embodiment, the fully human antigen-binding protein comprises a first heavy
chain and a second heavy chain, wherein the first heavy chain and the second heavy chain
comprise non-identical variable regions ndently derived from a mouse as bed
herein, and wherein each of the first and second heavy chains express from a host cell
associated with a human light chain derived from a VK1—39 gene segment or a VK3-20
gene segment. in one embodiment, the first heavy chain comprises a first heavy chain
variable region that specifically binds a first epitope of a first antigen, and the second heavy
chain comprises a second heavy chain variable region that specifically binds a second
epitope of a second antigen. in a specific ment, the first antigen and the second
antigen are different. in a specific embodiment, the first antigen and the second antigen
are the same, and the first epitope and the second epitope are not cal; in a specific
embodiment, binding of the first epitope by a first molecule of the binding protein does not
block binding of the second epitope by a second molecule of the binding protein.
in one aspect, a fully human binding protein derived from a human immunoglobulin
sequence of a mouse as described herein comprises a first immunoglobulin heavy chain
and a second globulin heavy chain, wherein the first immunoglobulin heavy chain
comprises a first variable region that is not identical to a variable region of the second
immunoglobulin heavy chain, and wherein the first immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises
a wild type protein A binding determinant, and the second heavy chain lacks a wild type
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protein A binding determinant. In one embodiment, the first immunoglobuiin heavy chain
binds protein A under isolation conditions, and the second immunoglobulin heavy chain
does not bind protein A or binds n A at Ieast 10-foId, a hundred-fold, or a thousand-
foId weaker than the first immunoglobulin heavy chain binds protein A under isolation
conditions. In a specific embodiment, the first and the second heavy chains are lth
isotypes, wherein the second heavy chain comprises a modification ed from 95R (EU
435R), 96F (EU 436F), and a combination thereof, and wherein the first heavy chain Iacks
such modification.
In one aspect, a method for making a bispecific antigen—binding protein is provided,
sing exposing a first mouse as described herein to a first antigen of interest that
comprises a first epitope, exposing a second mouse as described herein to a second
antigen of interest that ses a second epitope, ng the first and the second
mouse to each mount immune responses to the antigens of interest, identifying in the first
mouse a first human heavy chain variable region that binds the first epitope of the first
antigen of interest, identifying in the second mouse a second human heavy chain variable
region that binds the second epitope of the second antigen of interest, making a first fully
human heavy chain gene that encodes a first heavy chain that binds the first epitope of the
first antigen of interest, making a second fully human heavy chain gene that encodes a
second heavy chain that binds the second epitope of the second n of interest,
expressing the first heavy chain and the second heavy chain in a cell that expresses a
single fuIly human light chain derived from a human VK1-39 or a human VK3-20 gene
segment to form a bispecific antigen—binding protein, and isolating the bispecific antigen—
binding n.
In one embodiment, the first antigen and the second n are not identical.
In one ment, the first antigen and the second antigen are identical, and the
first epitope and the second epitope are not identical. In one embodiment, binding of the
first heavy chain variabIe region to the first epitope does not block binding of the second
heavy chain variabIe region to the second epitope.
In one embodiment, the first antigen is selected from a soluble antigen and a cell
surface antigen (e.g., a tumor antigen), and the second antigen comprises a cell surface
receptor. In a specific embodiment, the cell surface or is an immunoglobuiin
receptor. In a specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin receptor is an F0 or. In one
embodiment, the first antigen and the second antigen are the same ceII surface receptor,
and binding of the first heavy chain to the first epitope does not block binding of the second
heavy chain to the second epitope.
In one embodiment, the light chain variabIe domain of the light chain comprises 2 to
somatic ons. In one embodiment, the light chain variable domain is a somatically
mutated cognate light chain expressed in a B cell of the first or the second immunized
mouse with either the first or the second heavy chain variable domain.
in one embodiment, the first fully human heavy chain bears an amino acid
modification that reduces its affinity to protein A, and he second fully human heavy chain
does not comprise a cation that reduces its ty to protein A.
ln one aspect, an antibody or a bispecific antibody comprising a human heavy
chain variable domain made in accordance with the invention is provided. in another
aspect, use of a mouse as described herein to make a fully human antibody or a fully
human bispecific antibody is provided.
in one aspect, a genetically modified mouse, embryo, or cell described herein
comprises a K light chain locus that retains endogenous regulatory or control elements,
e.g., a mouse K intronic enhancer, a mouse K 3’ er, or both an ic er
and a 3’ enhancer, wherein the regulatory or control elements facilitate somatic mutation
and affinity maturation of an expressed sequence of the K light chain locus.
in one aspect, a mouse is provided that comprises a B cell population characterized
by having immunoglobulin light chains derived from no more than one, or no more than
two, rearranged or unrearranged immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments,
wherein the mouse exhibits a KI)» light chain ratio that is about the same as a mouse that
comprises a wild type complement of immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments.
In one embodiment, the immunoglobulin light chains are derived from no more than
one, or no more than two, rearranged immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments.
In a ic embodiment, the light chains are derived from no more than one rearranged
immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments.
in one embodiment, the mouse exhibits a Km light chain ratio that is about from
55:1 to 75:1, 60:1 to 70:1, 63:1 to 68:1, or about from 65:1 to 67:1 as compared to a mouse
that comprises a wild type complement of immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene
segments. In a specific embodiment, the mouse exhibits a K37» light chain ratio that is 66:1
as compared to a mouse that comprises a wild type complement of immunoglobulin light
chain V and J gene segments. in one embodiment, the immunoglobulin light chains
derived from no more than one, or no more than two, rearranged or ranged
immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments include human VK and JK gene
ts selected from human , human VK3-20, human JK1 and human JK5. In a
specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin light chains are d from a single human
light chain sequence comprising a human VK1-39 sequence.
In one embodiment, the mouse exhibits a K37» light chain ratio that is about from
18:1 to 23:1 or about from 19:1 to 22:1 as compared to a mouse that comprises a wild type
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complement of immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments. in one embodiment,
the mouse exhibits a KI)» light chain ratio that is 21 :1 as ed to a mouse that
comprises a wild type complement of immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments.
In one embodiment, the mouse exhibits a KI)» light chain ratio that is about the same or
:1 as compared to a mouse that comprises a wild type complement of immunoglobulin
light chain V and J gene segments. in one embodiment, the immunoglobulin light chains
derived from no more than one, or no more than two, rearranged or unrearranged
immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments include human VK and JK gene
segments selected from human VK1—39, human , human JK1 and human JK5. in a
specific embodiment, the immunoglobuiin light chains are derived from a single human
light chain ce comprising a human VK3—20 sequence.
ln one , a mouse as described herein is provided that expresses an
immunoglobulin light chain derived from no more than one, or no more than two, human
VK/JK sequences, wherein the mouse comprises a replacement of ali or substantially all
endogenous mouse heavy chain variable region gene segments with one or more human
heavy chain variable region gene segments, and the mouse exhibits a ratio of (a) CD19+ B
cells that express an immunoglobulin having a A light chain, to (b) CD19+ B cells that
express an globulin having a K light chain, of about 1 to about 20.
in one embodiment, the mouse expresses a single K light chain derived from a
human VK1-39JK5 sequence, and the ratio of CD19+ B cells that express an
immunoglobulin having a x light chain to CD19+ B cells that express an immunoglobulin
having a K light chain is about 1 to about 20; in one embodiment, the ratio is about 1 to at
least about 66; in a specific embodiment, the ratio is about 1 to 66.
in one embodiment, the mouse expresses a single K light chain derived from a
human VK3-20JK5 sequence, and the ratio of CD19“ B cells that express an
immunoglobulin having a 7» light chain to CD19+ B cells that express an immunoglobulin
having a K light chain is about 1 to about 20; in one embodiment, the ratio is about 1 to
about 21. in ic embodiments, the ratio is 1 to 20, or 1 to 21.
in one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is provided that ses a single
rearranged K light chain, wherein the mouse comprises a functional k light chain locus, and
n the mouse expresses a B cell population that ses ng+ cells that express a K
light chain derived from the same single rearranged K light chain. in one embodiment, the
percent of ngJ'lgk+ B cells in the mouse is about the same as in a wild type mouse. In a
ic embodiment, the percent of ng+lgk+ B cells in the mouse is about 2 to about 6
percent. in a specific embodiment, the percent of igK”lg7t+ B cells in a mouse wherein the
single rearranged K light chain is derived from a VK1-39JK5 sequence is about 2 to about
3; in a specific embodiment, about 2.6. in a specific embodiment, the percent of ng“lg}»+ B
cells in a mouse wherein the single rearranged K light chain is derived from a VK3-20JK1
sequence is about 4 to about 8; in a specific embodiment, about 6.
In one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is provided, wherein the mouse
expresses a single rearranged K light chain derived from a human VK and JK gene
segment, wherein the mouse expresses a B cell population that comprises a single K light
chain derived from the single rearranged K light chain sequence, wherein the genetically
modified mouse has not been rendered resistant to somatic hypermutations. in one
embodiment, at least 90% of the K light chains expressed on a B cell of the mouse t
from at least one to about five somatic hypermutations.
in one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is provided that is modified to express
a single K light chain d from no more than one, or no more than two, rearranged K
light chain sequences, wherein the mouse exhibits a K light chain usage that is about two-
fold or more, at least about three-fold or more, or at least about four-fold or more greater
than the K light chain usage exhibited by a wild type mouse, or greater than the K light
chain usage exhibited by a mouse of the same strain that comprises a wild type repertoire
of K light chain gene ts. in a specific embodiment, the mouse expresses the single
K light chain from no more than one nged K light chain sequence. in a more ic
ment, the rearranged K light chain sequence is selected from a VK1—39JK5 and
VK3—20JK1 sequence. in one embodiment, the nged K light chain sequence is a
VK1-39JK5 sequence. in one embodiment, the rearranged K light chain sequence is a
VK3-20JK1 sequence.
ln one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is provided that expresses a single K
light chain derived from no more than one, or no more than two, rearranged K light chain
sequences, n the mouse exhibits a K light chain usage that is about ld or
more, at least about ZOO—fold or more, at least about BOO—fold or more, at least about 400—
fold or more, at least about SOD-fold or more, at least about GOO-fold or more, at least about
700~fold or more, at least about 800—fold or more, at least about ld or more, at least
about 1000—fold or more greater than the same K light chain usage exhibited by a mouse
g a complete or substantially complete human K light chain locus. in a specific
embodiment, the mouse bearing a complete or ntially complete human K light chain
locus lacks a functional unrearranged mouse K light chain sequence. in a specific
embodiment, the mouse expresses the single K light chain from no more than one
rearranged K light chain ce. In one embodiment, the mouse comprises one copy of
2012/034737
a rearranged K light chain sequence (9.9., a heterozygote). In one embodiment, the
mouse comprises two copies of a rearranged K light chain sequence (tag, a gote).
In a more specific embodiment, the rearranged K light chain sequence is selected from a
VK1-39JK5 and VK3-20JK1 sequence. In one embodiment, the nged K light chain
ce is a VK1-39JK5 sequence. In one embodiment, the rearranged K light chain
sequence is a JK1 sequence.
In one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is ed that expresses a single
light chain derived from no more than one, or no more than two, rearranged light chain
sequences, wherein the light chain in the genetically modified mouse ts a level of
expression that is at least 10-fold to about LOGO—fold, 100~fold to about 1,000-fold, ZOO-fold
to about 1,000-fold, BOO-fold to about fold, 400—fold to about 1,000-fold, SOD-fold to
about 1,000—fold, (SOD-fold to about 1,000-fold, 700-fold to about 1,000-fold, BOO-fold to
about 1,000-fold, or 900-fold to about 1,000-fold higher than expression of the same
rearranged light chain exhibited by a mouse bearing a complete or substantially complete
light chain locus. In one embodiment, the light chain comprises a human sequence. In a
ic embodiment, the human sequence is a K sequence. In one embodiment, the
human sequence is a A sequence. In one embodiment, the light chain is a fully human
light chain.
In one embodiment, the level of expression is terized by quantitating mRNA
of transcribed light chain sequence, and comparing it to transcribed light chain sequence of
a mouse bearing a complete or substantially complete light chain locus.
In one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is provided that expresses a single K
light chain derived from no more than one, or no more than two, rearranged K light chain
sequences, wherein the mouse, upon immunization with antigen, exhibits a serum titer that
is comparable to a wild type mouse immunized with the same antigen. In a specific
embodiment, the mouse expresses a single K light chain from no more than one
rearranged K light chain sequence. In one ment, the serum titer is characterized as
total immunoglobulin. In a ic ment, the serum titer is characterized as IgM
specific titer. In a specific embodiment, the serum titer is characterized as lgG ic
titer. In a more specific embodiment, the rearranged K light chain sequence is selected
from a VK1-39JK5 and VK3-20JK1 sequence. In one embodiment, the rearranged K light
chain sequence is a VK1-39JK5 sequence. In one embodiment, the rearranged K light
chain sequence is a VK3-20JK1 ce.
In one aspect, a genetically modified mouse is provided that expresses a plurality of
immunoglobulin heavy chains associated with a single light chain. In one embodiment, the
heavy chain comprises a human sequence. In various embodiments, the human sequence
is ed from a variable sequence, a CH1, a hinge, a CH2, a CH3, and a combination
f. ln one embodiment, the single light chain comprises a human sequence. in
various embodiments, the human sequence is selected from a variable ce, a
constant sequence, and a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the mouse comprises
a disabled endogenous immunoglobulin locus and expresses the heavy chain and/or the
light chain from a transgene or extrachromosomal episome. in one embodiment, the
mouse comprises a replacement at an endogenous mouse locus of some or all
endogenous mouse heavy chain gene ts (i.e., V, D, J), and/or some or all
endogenous mouse heavy chain constant sequences (9.9., CH1, hinge, CH2, CH3, or a
combination thereof), and/or some or all endogenous mouse light chain sequences (9.9.,
V, J, constant, or a combination thereof), with one or more human immunoglobulin
ces.
in one aspect, a mouse suitable for making antibodies that have the same light
chain is provided, wherein all or substantially all antibodies made in the mouse are
expressed with the same light chain. ln one embodiment, the light chain is sed from
an endogenous light chain locus.
ln one aspect, a method for making a light chain for a human antibody is provided,
sing obtaining from a mouse as described herein a light chain sequence and a
heavy chain sequence, and employing the light chain sequence and the heavy chain
sequence in making a human antibody. ln one embodiment, the human antibody is a
bispecific antibody.
Any of the ments and aspects described herein can be used in conjunction
with one another, unless otherwise ted or apparent from the context. Other
embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the ensuing
descnpfion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FlG. 1 illustrates a targeting strategy for replacing endogenous mouse
immunoglobulin light chain variable region gene segments with a human VK1-39JK5 gene
region.
illustrates a targeting strategy for replacing nous mouse
globulin light chain variable region gene segments with a human VK3-20JK1 gene
region.
illustrates a ing strategy for replacing endogenous mouse
immunoglobulin light chain variable region gene segments with a human VpreB/JAS gene
region.
shows the percent of CD19+ B cells (y~axis) from peripheral blood for
wild type mice (WT), mice homozygous for an engineered human rearranged VK1-39JK5
light chain region (VK1-39JK5 HO) and mice gous for an engineered human
rearranged VK3—20JK1 light chain region (VK3-20JK1 HO).
shows the ve mRNA expression (y-axis) of a VK1derived
light chain in a quantitative PCR assay using probes specific for the junction of an
engineered human rearranged VK1~39JK5 light chain region (VK1-39JK5 Junction Probe)
and the human VK1-39 gene segment (VK1-39 Probe) in a mouse homozygous for a
replacement of the endogenous VK and JK gene segments with human VK and JK gene
ts (HK), a wild type mouse (WT), and a mouse heterozygous for an ered
human rearranged VK1—39JK5 light chain region (VK1—39JK5 HET). Signals are normalized
to expression of mouse CK. N.D.: not detected.
] shows the relative mRNA expression (y—axis) of a VK1-39—derived
light chain in a quantitative PCR assay using probes specific for the junction of an
engineered human rearranged VK1-39JK5 light chain region (VK1-39JK5 Junction Probe)
and the human VK1-39 gene segment (VK1-39 Probe) in a mouse homozygous for a
replacement of the nous VK and JK gene segments with human VK and JK gene
segments (HK), a wild type mouse (WT), and a mouse homozygous for an engineered
human rearranged VK1—39JK5 light chain region (VK1—39JK5 HO). s are normalized
to sion of mouse CK.
shows the relative mRNA expression (y—axis) of a VK3derived
light chain in a quantitative PCR assay using probes specific for the junction of an
engineered human rearranged VK3-20JK1 light chain region (VK3-20JK1 Junction Probe)
and the human VK3—20 gene segment 0 Probe) in a mouse homozygous for a
replacement of the endogenous VK and JK gene segments with human VK and JK gene
segments (HK), a wild type mouse (WT), and a mouse heterozygous (HET) and
homozygous (HO) for an engineered human rearranged VK3—20JK1 light chain region,
Signals are normalized to sion of mouse CK.
shows lgM (left) and lgG (right) titer in wild type (WT; N=2) and
mice homozygous for an engineered human rearranged VK1-39JK5 light chain region
(VK1-39JK5 HO; N=2) immunized with B-galactosidase.
FIG. GB shows total immunoglobulin (lgM, lgG, lgA) titer in wild type (WT;
N=5) and mice homozygous for an engineered human rearranged VK3—20JK1 light chain
region (VK3-20JK1 HO; N=5) immunized with [S—galactosiolase.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This invention is not limited to particular methods, and experimental
conditions described, as such methods and conditions may vary. it is also to be
understood that the terminology used herein is for the e of describing particular
ments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present
invention is defined by the claims.
Unless defined otherwise, all terms and phrases used herein include the
meanings that the terms and phrases have attained in the art, unless the contrary is clearly
indicated or y apparent from the context in which the term or phrase is used.
Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be
used in the ce or testing of the present invention, particular methods and materials
are now described. All ations mentioned are hereby incorporated by reference.
The term "antibody", as used , includes immunogiobulin molecuies
comprising four polypeptide , two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-
connected by disuifide bonds. Each heavy chain comprises a heavy chain variable (VH)
region and a heavy chain constant region (CH). The heavy chain constant region
comprises three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Each light chain comprises a light chain
variable (VL) region and a tight chain constant region (CL). The VH and VL regions can be
further subdivided into regions of ariability, termed complementarity determining
regions (CDR), interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework
s (FR). Each VH and VL comprises three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-
us to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDRZ, FR3, CDR3,
FR4 (heavy chain CDRs may be abbreviated as HCDR1, HCDRZ and HCDRS; light chain
CDRs may be abbreviated as LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3. The term “high affinity”
antibody refers to an antibody that has a KD with respect to its target epitope about of 10'9
M or tower (e.g., about 1 x 10'9 M, 1 x10'10 M, 1 x 10”11 M, or about 1 x 10'12 M). in one
embodiment, KD is measured by e plasmon resonance, e.g., BlACORETM; in another
embodiment, KD is measured by ELiSA.
The phrase cific antibody” includes an antibody capable of selectively
binding two or more epitopes. Bispecific antibodies generally comprise two nonidentical
heavy , with each heavy chain icaiiy binding a different epitope-either on two
different molecules (e.g., different epitopes on two different immunogens) or on the same
molecule (e.g., different epitopes on the same immunogen). if a ific antibody is
capable of selectively binding two different epitopes (a first epitope and a second epitope),
the affinity of the first heavy chain for the first epitope will generally be at least one to two
or three or four or more orders of magnitude lower than the affinity of the first heavy chain
for the second epitope, and vice versa. Epitopes specifically bound by the bispecific
dy can be on the same or a different target (e.g., on the same or a different protein).
Bispecific antibodies can be made, for example, by combining heavy chains that recognize
different epitopes of the same immunogen. For example, nucleic acid ces encoding
heavy chain variable sequences that recognize different epitopes of the same immunogen
can be fused to nucleic acid sequences encoding the same or different heavy chain
constant s, and such ces can be expressed in a cell that expresses an
globulin light chain. A typical bispecific antibody has two heavy chains each
having three heavy chain CDRs, followed by (N-terminal to C-terminal) a CH1 domain, a
hinge, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain, and an immunoglobulin light chain that either
does not confer epitope—binding specificity but that can associate with each heavy chain, or
that can associate with each heavy chain and that can bind one or more of the epitopes
bound by the heavy chain epitope-binding regions, or that can associate with each heavy
chain and enable binding or one or both of the heavy chains to one or both epitopes.
The term “cell” includes any cell that is suitable for expressing a
recombinant nucleic acid sequence. Cells include those of yotes and eukaryotes
(single—cell or multiple—cell), bacterial cells (e.g., strains of E. coli, Bacillus spp.,
Streptomyces spp., etc), mycobacteria cells, fungal cells, yeast cells (e.g., S. siae,
S. pombe, P. pastoris, P. methanolica, etc), plant cells, insect cells (e.g., SF-Q, SF-21,
baculovirus—infected insect cells, plusia ni, etc), non-human animal cells, human
cells, or cell fusions such as, for example, hybridomas or quadromas. in some
embodiments, the cell is a human, monkey, ape, hamster, rat, or mouse cell. In some
embodiments, the cell is eukaryotic and is selected from the following cells: CHO (e.g.,
CHO K1, DXB—11 CHO, Veggie—CHO), COS (e.g., COS-7), retinal cell, Vero, CV1, kidney
(e.g., HEK293, 293 EBNA, MSR 293, MDCK, HaK, BHK), HeLa, HepG2, Wl38, MRC 5,
Col0205, HB 8065, HL-60, (e.g., BHK21), Jurkat, Daudi, A431 (epidermal), CV—1, U937,
3T3, L cell, C127 cell, SP2/0, NS-O, MMT 060562, Sertoli cell, BRL 3A cell, HT1080 cell,
myeloma cell, tumor cell, and a cell line derived from an aforementioned cell. in some
ments, the cell comprises one or more viral genes, 9.9., a retinal cell that expresses
a viral gene (e.g., a PER.C6TM cell).
The phrase “complementarity determining region,” or the term “CDR,”
includes an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of an sm’s
immunoglobulin genes that normally (i.e., in a wild type animal) appears between two
framework regions in a variable region of a light or a heavy chain of an immunoglobulin
molecule (e.g., an antibody or a T cell receptor). A CDR can be d by, for example,
a germline sequence or a rearranged or unrearranged sequence, and, for example, by a
naive or a mature B cell or a T cell. A CDR can be cally mutated (e.g., vary from a
ce encoded in an animal’s germline), humanized, and/or modified with amino acid
substitutions, additions, or deletions. In some circumstances (e.g., for a CDRS), CDRs can
be encoded by two or more sequences (e.g., germiine sequences) that are not uous
(e.g., in an unrearranged nucleic acid ce) but are uous in a B cell nucleic acid
sequence, e.g., as the result of splicing or connecting the sequences (e.g., V—D—J
recombination to form a heavy chain CDR3).
The term ”conservative,” when used to describe a conservative amino acid
tution, es substitution of an amino acid residue by another amino acid residue
having a side chain R group with similar chemical properties (e.g., charge or
hydrophobicity). in general, a vative amino acid substitution will not substantially
change the functional properties of st of a protein, for example, the ability of a
variable region to specifically bind a target epitope with a desired affinity. Examples of
groups of amino acids that have side chains with similar chemical properties include
aliphatic side chains such as glycine, alanine, , leucine, and cine; aliphatic-
hydroxyl side chains such as serine and threonine; amide—containing side chains such as
gine and glutamine; aromatic side chains such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and
tryptophan; basic side chains such as lysine, ne, and histidine; acidic side chains
such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid; and, sulfur—containing side chains such as
cysteine and methionine. Conservative amino acids substitution groups e, for
example, valine/leucine/isoleucine, phenylalanine/tyrosine, lysine/arginine, alanine/valine,
ate/aspartate, and asparagine/glutamine. in some embodiments, a conservative
amino acid substitution can be substitution of any native residue in a protein with alanine,
as used in, for example, alanine scanning mutagenesis. in some embodiments, a
conservative substitution is made that has a positive value in the PAM250 log-likelihood
matrix sed in Gonnet et al. (1992) Exhaustive Matching of the Entire Protein
Sequence Database, Science 256:1443-45, hereby incorporated by reference. In some
embodiments, the substitution is a moderately conservative substitution wherein the
substitution has a nonnegative value in the PAM250 kelihood matrix.
In some embodiments, residue positions in an immunoglobulin light chain or
heavy chain differ by one or more conservative amino acid substitutions. In some
embodiments, residue positions in an immunoglobulin light chain or functional fragment
thereof (e.g., a fragment that allows expression and secretion from, e.g., a B cell) are not
identical to a light chain whose amino acid sequence is listed herein, but differs by one or
more conservative amino acid substitutions.
The phrase “epitope—binding protein” es a protein having at least one
CDR and that is capable of selectively recognizing an epitope, e.g., is capable of binding
an epitope with a KD that is at about one micromolar or lower (e.g., a KD that is about 1 x
'6 M, 1 x10”7 M, 1 x10’9M, 1 x10‘9 M, 1 x 10-10 M, 1 x 10'11 M, or about1 x 10'12 M).
Therapeutic epitope-binding proteins (e. g., therapeutic antibodies) frequently require a KD
that is in the nanomolar or the picomolar range.
The phrase “functional fragment” includes fragments of epitope-binding
proteins that can be expressed, secreted, and specifically bind to an epitope with a KD in
the micromolar, nanomolar, or picomolar range. Specific recognition includes having a KD
that is at least in the olar range, the nanomolar range, or the picomolar range.
The term “germline” includes reference to an immunoglobulin nucleic acid
sequence in a non-somatically mutated cell, e.g., a non-somatically mutated B cell or pre—B
cell or hematopoietic cell.
The phrase “heavy ” or “immunoglobulin heavy chain” includes an
immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region sequence from any organism. Heavy chain
variable domains include three heavy chain CDRs and four FR s, unless ise
specified. Fragments of heavy chains include CDRs, CDRs and FRs, and ations
thereof. A typical heavy chain has, following the variable domain (from N-terminal to C-
al), a CH1 domain, a hinge, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain. A functional fragment
of a heavy chain es a fragment that is capable of specifically recognizing an epitope
(e.g., recognizing the e with a K0 in the micromolar, nanomolar, or picomolar range),
that is capable of expressing and ing from a cell, and that comprises at least one
CDR.
The term “identity” when used in connection with sequence includes identity
as determined by a number of different algorithms known in the art that can be used to
measure nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence identity. In some embodiments described
herein, identities are determined using a lW v. 1.83 (slow) alignment employing an
open gap penalty of 10.0, an extend gap y of 0.1, and using a Gonnet similarity
matrix (MACVECTORTM , MacVector lnc., 2008). The length of the sequences
compared with respect to identity of sequences will depend upon the particular sequences,
but in the case of a light chain nt domain, the length should contain sequence of
sufficient length to fold into a light chain constant domain that is capable of self-association
to form a canonical light chain constant domain, e.g., capable of forming two beta sheets
comprising beta strands and capable of interacting with at least one CH1 domain of a
human or a mouse. ln the case of a CH1 domain, the length of ce should contain
sequence of sufficient length to fold into a CH1 domain that is capable of forming two beta
sheets comprising beta strands and capable of cting with at least one light chain
constant domain of a mouse or a human.
The phrase “immunoglobulin molecule” includes two immunoglobulin heavy
chains and two immunoglobulin light chains. The heavy chains may be cal or
different, and the light chains may be identical or different.
The phrase “light chain” includes an immunoglobulin light chain sequence
from any organism, and unless otherwise specified es human K and A light chains
and a VpreB, as well as surrogate light chains. Light chain variable (VL) domains typically
include three light chain CDRs and four framework (FR) regions, unless otherwise
ied. Generally, a full—length light chain includes, from amino us to carboxyl
terminus, a VL domain that includes R1-FR2—CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4, and a light
chain constant domain. Light chains include those, 6.9., that do not selectively bind either
a first or a second epitope selectively bound by the epitope-binding protein in which they
appear. Light chains also include those that bind and recognize, or assist the heavy chain
with binding and recognizing, one or more epitopes ively bound by the epitope-
binding protein in which they appear. Common light chains are those derived from a
rearranged human V1<1~39Ji<5 sequence or a rearranged human VK3-20JK1 sequence,
and include somatically mutated (e.g., affinity matured) versions.
The phrase “micromolar range” is intended to mean 1-999 micromolar; the
phrase “nanomolar range” is intended to mean 1-999 nanomolar; the phrase olar
range” is intended to mean 1—999 lar.
The phrase “somatically d” includes reference to a nucleic acid
sequence from a B cell that has undergone class—switching, wherein the nucleic acid
sequence of an immunoglobulin variable region (9.9., a heavy chain le domain or
including a heavy chain CDR or FR sequence) in the class—switched B cell is not identical
to the nucleic acid sequence in the B cell prior to class-switching, such as, for example, a
difference in a CDR or ork nucleic acid sequence n a B cell that has not
undergone class—switching and a B cell that has undergone class-switching. “Somatically
mutated” includes reference to nucleic acid sequences from affinity-matured B cells that
are not identical to corresponding immunoglobulin variable region sequences in B cells that
are not ty—matured (i. e., sequences in the genome of germline cells). The phrase
“somatically mutated” also includes reference to an immunoglobulin variable region c
acid ce from a B cell after exposure of the B cell to an epitope of interest, wherein
the nucleic acid sequence differs from the corresponding nucleic acid sequence prior to
exposure of the B cell to the epitope of interest. The phrase “somatically mutated” refers to
sequences from antibodies that have been generated in an animal, e.g., a mouse having
human immunoglobulin variable region nucleic acid sequences, in response to an
immunogen challenge, and that result from the selection processes ntly operative in
such an animal.
The term rranged,” with reference to a nucleic acid sequence,
includes nucleic acid sequences that exist in the germline of an animal cell.
The phrase “variable domain” includes an amino acid sequence of an
immunoglobulin light or heavy chain (modified as d) that comprises the following
amino acid regions, in sequence from N-terminal to C-terminal s otherwise
indicated): FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4.
Common Light Chain
Prior efforts to make useful multispecific epitope-binding proteins, e.g.,
bispecific antibodies, have been hindered by variety of problems that frequently share a
common paradigm: in vitro selection or manipulation of sequences to rationally engineer,
or to engineer through and-error, a suitable format for pairing a dimeric
bispecific human immunoglobulin. Unfortunately, most if not all of the in vitro engineering
approaches provide largely ad hoc fixes that are le, if at all, for individual molecules.
On the other hand, in vivo methods for employing x organisms to select appropriate
pairings that are capable of leading to human therapeutics have not been realized.
] lly, native mouse ces are frequently not a good source for
human therapeutic sequences. For at least that , generating mouse heavy chain
immunoglobulin variable regions that pair with a common human light chain is of limited
practical utility. More in vitro engineering efforts would be ed in a trial-and-error
process to try to humanize the mouse heavy chain variable sequences while hoping to
retain epitope specificity and affinity while maintaining the ability to couple with the
common human light chain, with uncertain outcome. At the end of such a process, the
final product may maintain some of the specificity and affinity, and associate with the
common light chain, but ultimately immunogenicity in a human would likely remain a
profound risk.
Therefore, a suitable mouse for making human therapeutics would include a
suitably large repertoire of human heavy chain variable region gene segments in place of
endogenous mouse heavy chain variable region gene segments. The human heavy chain
variable region gene segments should be able to rearrange and recombine with an
endogenous mouse heavy chain constant domain to form a reverse chimeric heavy chain
(i.e., a heavy chain comprising a human variable domain and a mouse constant region).
The heavy chain should be capable of class switching and somatic hypermutation so that a
suitably large repertoire of heavy chain variable domains are available for the mouse to
select one that can associate with the limited repertoire of human light chain variable
regions.
A mouse that selects a common light chain for a plurality of heavy chains
has a practical y. in various ments, antibodies that express in a mouse that can
only express a common light chain will have heavy chains that can associate and express
2012/034737
with an identical or substantially cal light chain. This is ularly useful in making
bispecific dies. For example, such a mouse can be immunized with a first
gen to generate a B cell that expresses an antibody that specifically binds a first
epitope. The mouse (or a mouse genetically the same) can be immunized with a second
immunogen to generate a B cell that expresses an antibody that specifically binds the
second epitope. Variable heavy s can be cloned from the B cells and expresses with
the same heavy chain constant region, and the same light chain, and expressed in a cell to
make a bispecific antibody, wherein the light chain component of the bispecific antibody
has been selected by a mouse to associate and s with the light chain component.
The inventors have engineered a mouse for generating immunoglobulin light
chains that will suitably pair with a rather diverse family of heavy chains, including heavy
chains whose variable regions depart from germline sequences, e.g., affinity matured or
somatically mutated variable regions. ln various embodiments, the mouse is devised to
pair human light chain variable domains with human heavy chain variable domains that
comprise somatic mutations, thus enabling a route to high affinity binding proteins suitable
for use as human therapeutics.
The genetically engineered mouse, through the long and complex process
of antibody selection within an organism, makes biologically appropriate s in pairing
a diverse collection of human heavy chain variable domains with a limited number of
human light chain options. ln order to achieve this, the mouse is engineered to present a
limited number of human light chain variable domain options in ction with a wide
diversity of human heavy chain le domain options. Upon challenge with an
immunogen, the mouse maximizes the number of solutions in its repertoire to develop an
antibody to the immunogen, limited largely or solely by the number or light chain options in
its repertoire. in various embodiments, this includes allowing the mouse to achieve
suitable and compatible c mutations of the light chain variable domain that will
eless be compatible with a relatively large variety of human heavy chain variable
domains, including in particular somatically mutated human heavy chain variable domains.
] To achieve a limited repertoire of light chain options, the mouse is
engineered to render ctional or substantially nonfunctional its ability to make, or
rearrange, a native mouse light chain variable domain. This can be ed, e.g., by
deleting the mouse’s light chain variable region gene segments. The endogenous mouse
locus can then be modified by an exogenous le human light chain variable region
gene segment of choice, operably linked to the endogenous mouse light chain constant
domain, in a manner such that the exogenous human variable region gene segments can
combine with the endogenous mouse light chain constant region gene and form a
rearranged e chimeric light chain gene (human variable, mouse constant). in
various embodiments, the light chain variable region is capable of being somatically
mutated. in various ments, to maximize ability of the light chain variable region to
acquire somatic mutations, the appropriate enhancer(s) is retained in the mouse. For
example, in modifying a mouse K light chain locus to replace endogenous mouse K light
chain gene segments with human K light chain gene segments, the mouse K intronic
enhancer and mouse K 3’ enhancer are functionally maintained, or undisrupted.
A genetically engineered mouse is ed that expresses a limited
repertoire of reverse chimeric (human variable, mouse constant) light chains ated
with a diversity of reverse chimeric (human variable, mouse constant) heavy . In
various embodiments, the endogenous mouse K light chain gene segments are deleted
and ed with a single (or two) rearranged human light chain region, operably linked to
the endogenous mouse CK gene. in embodiments for zing somatic hypermutation
of the rearranged human light chain region, the mouse K intronic enhancer and the mouse
K 3’ enhancer are maintained. in various ments, the mouse also comprises a
nonfunctional )V light chain locus, or a deletion thereof or a deletion that renders the locus
unable to make a )V light chain.
A genetically engineered mouse is provided that, in various embodiments,
comprises a light chain variable region locus g endogenous mouse light chain VL and
JL gene segments and comprising a rearranged human light chain variable , in one
embodiment a rearranged human VL/JL sequence, operably linked to a mouse constant
region, n the locus is capable of undergoing somatic hypermutation, and wherein the
locus expresses a light chain comprising the human VL/JL sequence linked to a mouse
constant region. Thus, in various embodiments, the locus comprises a mouse K 3’
enhancer, which is correlated with a normal, or wild type, level of somatic hypermutation.
] The genetically ered mouse in various embodiments when
immunized with an antigen of interest generates B cells that exhibit a diversity of
rearrangements of human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions that express and
function with one or with two rearranged light , including embodiments where the
one or two light chains comprise human light chain variable regions that comprise, e.g., 1
to 5 somatic mutations. in various embodiments, the human light chains so expressed are
capable of ating and expressing with any human immunoglobulin heavy chain
variable region expressed in the mouse.
Epitope-binding Proteins Binding More Than One Epitope
The compositions and methods of described herein can be used to make
binding proteins that bind more than one epitope with high affinity, e.g., bispecific
dies. Advantages of the invention include the ability to select suitably high binding (e.g.,
affinity d) heavy chain immunoglobulin chains each of which will associate with a
single light chain.
Synthesis and expression of bispecific binding ns has been problematic, in
part due to issues associated with fying a le light chain that can associate and
express with two different heavy chains, and in part due to isolation issues. The methods and
compositions described herein allow for a genetically modified mouse to select, through
otherwise natural processes, a suitable light chain that can associate and express with more
than one heavy chain, including heavy chains that are somatically mutated (e.g., affinity
matured). Human VL and VH sequences from le B cells of immunized mice as
bed herein that express affinity d antibodies having e chimeric heavy
chains (i.e., human variable and mouse constant) can be identified and cloned in frame in an
expression vector with a suitable human constant region gene sequence (e.g., a human
lgG1). Two such constructs can be prepared, wherein each construct encodes a human
heavy chain variable domain that binds a different epitope. One of the human VLs (e.g.,
human J5 or human V3-20J1), in germline sequence or from a B cell wherein the
sequence has been somatically mutated, can be fused in frame to a suitable human constant
region gene (e.g., a human constant gene). These three fully human heavy and light
constructs can be placed in a suitable cell for expression. The cell will express two major
species: a homodimeric heavy chain with the identical light chain, and a heterodimeric heavy
chain with the cal light chain. To allow for a facile tion of these major species,
one of the heavy chains is ed to omit a Protein A-binding determinant, resulting in a
differential affinity of a meric binding protein from a heterodimeric binding protein.
Compositions and methods that address this issue are described in USSN 12/823,838, filed
June 2010, entitled “Readily Isolated Bispecific Antibodies with Native Immunoglobulin
Format,” published as US 2010/0331527A1, hereby incorporated by reference.
In one aspect, an epitope-binding protein as described herein is provided, wherein
human VL and VH sequences are derived from mice described herein that have been
zed with an antigen comprising an epitope of interest.
In one embodiment, an epitope-binding protein is provided that comprises a first
and a second polypeptide, the first polypeptide comprising, from N-terminal to C-terminal, a
first epitope-binding region that selectively binds a first epitope, followed by a constant region
that ses a first CH3 region of a human IgG selected from lgG1, IgG2, lgG4, and a
combination thereof; and, a second polypeptide comprising, from N-terminal to C-terminal, a
second epitope-binding region that selectively binds a second epitope,
followed by a constant region that comprises a second CH3 region of a human lgG selected
from lgG1, lgGZ, lgG4, and a combination thereof, wherein the second CH3 region
comprises a modification that reduces or eliminates binding of the second CH3 domain to
protein A.
In one embodiment, the second CH3 region comprises an H95R modification
(by lMGT exon numbering; H435R by EU numbering). in another embodiment, the second
CH3 region r ses a Y96F modification (lMGT; Y436F by EU).
in one embodiment, the second CH3 region is from a modified human lth,
and further comprises a modification ed from the group consisting of D16E, L18M,
N448, K52N, V57M, and V82l (lMGT; D356E, L358M, N384S, K392N, V397M, and V422l
by EU).
In one embodiment, the second CH3 region is from a modified human lgGZ,
and further comprises a modification selected from the group consisting of N448, K52N,
and V82l (IMGT; N384S, K392N, and V422l by EU).
in one embodiment, the second CH3 region is from a ed human lgG4,
and further comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of 015R, N448,
K52N, V57M, R69K, E790, and V82l (IMGT; Q355R, N384S, K392N, V397M, R409K,
E419Q, and V422l by EU).
One method for making an epitope-binding protein that binds more than one
epitope is to immunize a first mouse in accordance with the invention with an antigen that
comprises a first epitope of st, wherein the mouse comprises an endogenous
immunoglobulin light chain le region locus that does not contain an endogenous
mouse VL that is e of rearranging and forming a light chain, n at the
endogenous mouse immunoglobulin light chain variable region locus is a single rearranged
human VL region operably linked to the mouse nous light chain nt region
gene, and the rearranged human VL region is selected from a human VK1-39JK5 and a
human VK3—20JK1, and the endogenous mouse VH gene segments have been replaced in
whole or in part with human VH gene segments, such that immunoglobulin heavy chains
made by the mouse are solely or substantially heavy chains that comprise human variable
domains and mouse constant s. When immunized, such a mouse will make a
reverse chimeric antibody, comprising only one of two human light chain variable domains
(e.g., one of human VK1-39JK5 or human VK3-20JK1). Once a B cell is identified that
encodes a VH that binds the epitope of interest, the nucleotide sequence of the VH (and,
optionally, the VL) can be retrieved (e.g., by PCR) and cloned into an expression construct
in frame with a suitable human immunoglobulin constant domain. This process can be
repeated to identify a second VH domain that binds a second epitope, and a second VH
gene sequence can be retrieved and cloned into an expression vector in frame to a second
suitable immunoglobulin constant domain. The first and the second globulin
constant domains can the same or different isotype, and one of the immunoglobulin
constant domains (but not the other) can be modified as described herein or in US
2010/0331527A1, and e-binding protein can be expressed in a suitable cell and
isolated based on its differential affinity for n A as compared to a homodimeric
epitope—binding protein, e.g., as described in US 2010/0331527A1.
In one embodiment, a method for making a bispecific epitope-binding
protein is provided, comprising fying a first affinity-matured (e.g., comprising one or
more somatic hypermutations) human V... nucleotide ce (VH1) from a mouse as
described herein, identifying a second affinity-matured (e.g., comprising one or more
somatic hypermutations) human VH nucleotide sequence (VH2) from a mouse as described
herein, cloning VH1 in frame with a human heavy chain lacking a Protein A—determinant
modification as described in US 2010/0331527A1 for form heavy chain 1 (H01), g
VH2 in frame with a human heavy chain comprising a Protein A-determinant as described
in US 2010/0331527A1 to form heavy chain 2 (HC2), introducing an expression vector
comprising HC1 and the same or a different expression vector comprising H02 into a cell,
wherein the cell also ses a human immunoglobulin light chain that comprises a
human VK1-39/human JK5 or a human VK3—20/human JK1 fused to a human light chain
constant domain, allowing the cell to express a bispecific e—binding protein
sing a VH domain encoded by VH1 and a VH domain encoded by VH2, and isolating
the bispecific epitope-binding protein based on its differential ability to bind Protein A as
compared with a monospecific homodimeric epitope-binding protein. In a specific
ment, HC1 is an lgG1, and H02 is an |gG1 that comprises the modification H95R
(lMGT; H435R by EU) and further comprises the modification Y96F (lMGT; Y436F by EU).
in one embodiment, the VH domain encoded by VH1, the VH domain encoded by VH2, or
both, are somatically mutated.
Human VH Genes That Express with a Common Human VL
A variety of human variable s from affinity—matured antibodies raised
against four different antigens were expressed with either their cognate light chain, or at
least one of a human light chain selected from human VK1-39JK5, human JK1, or
human VpreBJkS (see Example 1). For antibodies to each of the antigens, somatically
mutated high affinity heavy chains from different gene families paired sfully with
rearranged human germline VK1-39JK5 and VK3—20JK1 regions and were secreted from
cells expressing the heavy and light . For VK1-39JK5 and VK3-20JK1, VH domains
d from the ing human VH gene families expressed favorably: 1—2, 1-8, 1-24, 2-
, 3-7, 3-9, 3—11, 3-13,3—15,3-20, 3—23, 3-30, 3-33, 3-48, 4-31, 4-39, 4—59, 5-51, and 6—1.
Thus, a mouse that is engineered to express a limited repertoire of human VL s
from one or both of VK1-39JK5 and VK3—20JK1 will generate a diverse population of
cally mutated human VH domains from a VH locus modified to replace mouse VH
gene segments with human VH gene segments.
Mice cally engineered to express reverse chimeric (human variable,
mouse nt) immunoglobulin heavy chains associated with a single rearranged light
chain (9.9., a /J or a VK3—20/J), when immunized with an antigen of interest,
generated B cells that comprised a diversity of human VH rearrangements and sed a
ity of high-affinity antigen-specific dies with diverse properties with respect to
their ability to block binding of the antigen to its ligand, and with respect to their y to
bind variants of the antigen (see Examples 5 through 10).
Thus, the mice and methods bed herein are useful in making and
selecting human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domains, including somatically
mutated human heavy chain variable domains, that result from a diversity of
rearrangements, that exhibit a wide variety of affinities (including exhibiting a KB of about a
nanomolar or less), a wide variety of specificities (including binding to different epitopes of
the same antigen), and that associate and s with the same or substantially the same
human immunoglobulin light chain variable region.
The following examples are provided so as to describe to those of ordinary
skill in the art how to make and use methods and compositions of the invention, and are
not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Efforts have
been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers used (e.g., amounts, temperature,
etc) but some experimental errors and ions should be accounted for. Unless
indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight, molecular weight is average molecular
weight, temperature is indicated in Celsius, and pressure is at or near atmospheric.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are provided so as to describe how to make and
use methods and compositions of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of
what the inventors regard as their invention. Unless indicated otherwise, temperature is
indicated in Celsius, and pressure is at or near atmospheric.
Example 1
identification of Human VH Regions That ate with Selected Human VL Regions
] An in vitro expression system was constructed to determine if a single
rearranged human germline light chain could be co-expressed with human heavy chains
from n specific human antibodies.
Methods for generating human antibodies in genetically modified mice are
known (see e.g., US 6,596,541, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, VELOClMMUNE®). The
VELOClMMUNE® technology involves generation of a genetically ed mouse having
a genome comprising human heavy and light chain variable regions operably linked to
endogenous mouse constant region loci such that the mouse es an antibody
comprising a human variable region and a mouse nt region in response to antigenic
stimulation. The DNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of the
antibodies produced from a VELOClMMUNE® mouse are fully human. initially, high
ty chimeric antibodies are isolated having a human variable region and a mouse
constant region. As described below, the antibodies are characterized and selected for
ble characteristics, including affinity, selectivity, epitope, etc. The mouse constant
regions are replaced with a desired human constant region to generate a fully human
antibody containing a non-lgM isotype, for example, wild type or modified lgG1, lgGZ, lgG3
or lgG4. While the constant region selected may vary according to specific use, high
affinity antigen-binding and target specificity characteristics reside in the variable region.
A VELOClMMUNE® mouse was immunized with a growth factor that
promotes angiogenesis (Antigen C) and antigen-specific human antibodies were isolated
and sequenced for V gene usage using standard techniques ized in the art.
Selected antibodies were cloned onto human heavy and light chain constant s and
69 heavy chains were selected for pairing with one of three human light chains: (1) the
cognate K light chain linked to a human K constant region, (2) a rearranged human
germline VK1—39JK5 linked to a human K nt region, or (3) a rearranged human
germline JK1 linked to a human K constant region. Each heavy chain and light
chain pair were co-transfected in CHO-K1 cells using standard techniques. Presence of
dy in the supernatant was detected by uman lgG in an ELlSA assay. Antibody
titer (ng/ml) was determined for each heavy chain/light chain pair and titers with the
different rearranged germline light chains were compared to the titers obtained with the
parental antibody molecule (i.e., heavy chain paired with cognate light chain) and percent
of native titer was calculated (Table 1). VH: Heavy chain variable gene. ND: no expression
detected under current experimental conditions.
2012/034737
Table 1
Antibody Titer (ng/mL) Percent of Native Titer
Cognate LC VK1-39JK5 VK3—20JK1 VK1-39JK5 VK3-20JK1
.m-—_
()0 00 157.1
.2 254.3
N(.0 2508.3
225.9
ND .3
81 _.\ 150.7
.4 A 01A 203.0
38 2U
23 212.7
0) (JO (.0 .4 C) CD ._.\ 0) 00 182
3C»)
“’1‘moo wd 133.8
I mow NM
‘4‘ IN Ax] ooxnco—s NOONN 0'! 253.0
3—23 53 93 151 175.4
3-33 .4 .A L ()0 0)
3-15 \1 (A) U) (.0 AN Ax: 53.7
0)J) .3 07 5600.0
57 192.9
N N5
A(0.4 91 478.4
(A) NU1
U1 (0 U10) 342.7
H0'! A O 19 184.4
(II .b. MO
.53 ()0 b)N 83-3
NO .3. 00
24 (JOA Nto 137.3
17 33 105.2
\l \lL 284.6
87 _\ N ND 145.1 —
01 O)
00 K) NZ 00 .1
‘r’00 Q) _\ O 01 03
‘r’ ()3 00 NO 0) \l IIII_—\——\ 316.8 —158 4
-m- as A
—-m_—
m.-—-
3-7 124 --—41 130.0
In a similar experiment, VELOCIMMUNE® mice were immunized with
several different antigens and selected heavy chains of antigen specific human antibodies
were tested for their y to pair with different rearranged human germline light chains (as
described above). The antigens used in this experiment included an enzyme involved in
cholesterol homeostasis (Antigen A), a serum hormone ed in regulating glucose
homeostasis (Antigen B), a growth factor that promotes angiogenesis (Antigen C) and a
cell-surface receptor (Antigen D). Antigen specific antibodies were ed from mice of
each immunization group and the heavy chain and light chain le regions were cloned
and sequenced. From the sequence of the heavy and light chains, V gene usage was
determined and selected heavy chains were paired with either their cognate light chain or a
rearranged human ne VK1-39JK5 region. Each heavy/light chain pair was sfected
in CHO-K1 cells and the presence of antibody in the supernatant was detected
by anti-human lgG in an ELISA assay. Antibody titer (pg/ml) was determined for each
heavy chain/light chain pairing and titers with the different rearranged human germline light
chains were compared to the titers obtained with the parental antibody molecule (i.e.,
heavy chain paired with cognate light chain) and percent of native titer was calculated
(Table 2). VH1 Heavy chain variable gene. VK: K light chain variable gene. ND: no
expression detected under t experimental conditions.
Table 2
Titer (pg/ml)
Percent of
Antigen Antibody VH VK VH+
VHAlone VH+VK Native Titer
VK1-39JK5
320 1—18 2—30 0.3 3.1 2.0 66
321 2—5 2-28 0.4 0.4 1.9 448
334 2—5 2-28 0.4 2.7 2.0 73
A 313 3~13 3-15 0.5 0.7 4.5 670
316 3—23 4-1 0.3 0.2 4.1 2174
315 330 4-1 0.3 0.2 3.2 1327
318 4—59 1-17 0.3 4.6 4.0 86
257 3-13 1-5 0.4 3.1 3.2 104
283 313 1—5 0.4 5.4 3.7 69
637 3-13 1-5 0.4 4.3 3.0 70
638 3-13 1-5 0.4 4.1 3.3 82
B 624 3—23 1-17 0.3 5.0 3.9 79
284 3-30 1-17 0.3 4.6 3.4 75
653 3-33 1—17 0.3 4.3 0.3 7
268 4-34 1—27 0.3 5.5 3.8 69
633 4-34 1-27 0.6 6.9 3.0 44
730 3—7 1—5 0.3 1.1 2.8 249
728 3-7 1—5 0.3 2.0 3.2 157
691 3—9 3-20 0.3 2.8 3.1 109
749 3-33 3~15 0.3 3.8 2.3 62
750 3—33 1-16 0.3 3.0 2.8 92
724 3—33 1-17 0.3 2.3 3.4 151
706 3-33 1-16 0.3 3.6 3.0 84
744 1-18 1-12 0.4 5.1 3.0 59
696 3-11 1-16 0.4 3.0 2.9 97
685 3-13 3-20 0.3 0.5 3.4 734
732 3-15 1-17 0.3 4.5 3.2 72
694 3-15 1-5 0.4 5.2 2.9 55
743 3—23 1-12 0.3 3.2 0.3 10
742 3-23 2-28 0.4 4.2 3.1 74
693 3-23 1-12 0.5 4.2 4.0 94
136 3-23 2-28 0.4 5.0 2.7 55
155 3—30 1—16 0.4 1.0 2.2 221
163 3-30 1-16 0.3 0.6 3.0 506
171 3-30 1—16 0.3 1.0 2.8 295
145 3-43 1-5 0.4 4.4 2.9 65
49 3-48 3-11 0.3 1.7 2.6 155
51 3—48 1-39 0.1 1.9 0.1 4
159 3—7 6-21 0.4 3.9 3.6 92
169 3-7 6-21 0.3 1.3 3.1 235
134 3—9 1-5 0.4 5.0 2.9 58
141 4-31 1-33 2.4 4.2 2.6 63
142 4-31 1-33 0.4 4.2 2.8 67
The results obtained from these ments demonstrate that somatically
mutated, high affinity heavy chains from different gene families are able to pair with
rearranged human ne VK1—39JK5 and VK3-20JK1 regions and be secreted from the
cell as a normal antibody molecule. As shown in Table 1, antibody titer was increased for
about 61% (42 of 69) heavy chains when paired with the rearranged human VK1-39JK5
light chain and about 29% (20 of 69) heavy chains when paired with the rearranged human
VK3-20JK1 light chain as compared to the cognate light chain of the al antibody. For
about 20% (14 of 69) of the heavy chains, both rearranged human ne light chains
conferred an increase in expression as compared to the cognate light chain of the parental
antibody. As shown in Table 2, the rearranged human germline VK1-39JK5 region
conferred an increase in expression of several heavy chains specific for a range of different
classes of antigens as compared to the cognate light chain for the parental antibodies.
Antibody titer was increased by more than two—fold for about 35% (15/43) of the heavy
chains as ed to the cognate light chain of the parental antibodies. For two heavy
chains (315 and 316), the increase was greater than ten-fold as compared to the parental
antibody. Within all the heavy chains that showed increase expression ve to the
cognate light chain of the parental antibody, family three (VH3) heavy chains are over
represented in comparison to other heavy chain variable region gene families. This
demonstrates a favorable relationship of human VH3 heavy chains to pair with rearranged
human germline VK1-39JK5 and VK3-20JK1 light chains.
Example 2
Generation of a Rearranged Human Germline Light Chain Locus
Various rearranged human germline light chain targeting vectors were made
using VELOClGENE® technology (see, 9.9., US Pat. No. 6,586,251 and Valenzuela et al.
(2003) High-throughput engineering of the mouse genome coupled with high-resolution
expression analysis, Nature Biotech. 21(6):652—659) to modify mouse genomic Bacterial
Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones 302g12 and 254m04 (lnvitrogen). Using these two
BAC , c constructs were ered to contain a single rearranged human
germline light chain region and inserted into an endogenous K light chain locus that was
previously ed to delete the endogenous K variable and joining gene ts.
Construction of Rearranged Human ne Light Chain Targeting
Vectors. Three different rearranged human germline light chain regions were made using
rd molecular biology techniques ized in the art. The human variable gene
ts used for constructing these three regions included rearranged human VK1-
39JK5 sequence, a rearranged human VK3-20JK1 sequence and a rearranged human
VpreBJkS sequence.
A DNA segment containing exon 1 (encoding the leader peptide) and intron
1 of the mouse VK3-7 gene was made by de novo DNA sis (integrated DNA
Technologies). Part of the 5’ untranslated region up to a naturally occurring Blpl restriction
enzyme site was included. Exons of human VK1-39 and VK3-20 genes were PCR
amplified from human genomic BAC libraries. The fonivard primers had a 5’ extension
containing the splice acceptor site of intron 1 of the mouse VK3-7 gene. The reverse
primer used for PCR of the human VK1—39 sequence included an extension encoding
human JK5, whereas the reverse primer used for PCR of the human VK3-20 sequence
included an extension ng human JK1. The human VpreBJkS sequence was made
by de novo DNA synthesis (integrated DNA Technologies). A n of the human JK-CK
intron including the splice donor site was PCR amplified from plasmid pBS—296—HA18-
PlScel. The forward PCR primer included an extension encoding part of either a human
JK5, JK1, or JKS ce. The reverse primer included a Pl-Scel site, which was
previously engineered into the intron.
The mouse VK3-7 exon1/intron 1, human variable light chain exons, and
human JK-CK intron fragments were sewn together by overlap extension PCR, digested
with Blpl and l, and ligated into plasmid pBSHA18-PlScel, which contained the
promoter from the human VK3—15 le gene segment. A loxed hygromycin cassette
within plasmid pBS—296-HA18—PlScel was replaced with a FRTed hygromycin cassette
d by Notl and Ascl sites. The Notl/Pl—Scel fragment of this plasmid was ligated into
modified mouse BAC 254m04, which contained part of the mouse JK-CK intron, the mouse
CK exon, and about 75 kb of genomic sequence downstream of the mouse K locus, which
provided a 3’ homology arm for homologous recombination in mouse ES cells. The
Notl/Ascl nt of this BAC was then ligated into modified mouse BAC , which
contained a FRTed neomycin cassette and about 23 kb of genomic sequence upstream of
the endogenous K locus for homologous recombination in mouse ES cells.
Rearranged Human Germline VK1-39JK5 Targeting Vector (.
Restriction enzyme sites were introduced at the 5’ and 3’ ends of an engineered light chain
insert for cloning into a targeting vector: an Ascl site at the 5’ end and a Pl-Scel site at the
3’ end. Within the 5’ Ascl site and the 3’ Pl-Scel site the targeting construct from 5’ to 3’
included a 5’ homology arm containing sequence 5’ to the endogenous mouse K light chain
locus obtained from mouse BAC clone 302912, a FRTed neomycin resistance gene, an
genomic sequence ing the human VK3-15 promoter, a leader sequence of the mouse
VK3-7 variable gene segment, a intron sequence of the mouse VK3-7 variable gene
segment, an open reading frame of a rearranged human ne VK1-39JK5 region, a
genomic sequence containing a portion of the human JK-CK intron, and a 3’ homology arm
containing sequence 3’ of the endogenous mouse JK5 gene t obtained from mouse
BAC clone 254m04 e 1, middle), Genes and/or sequences am of the
nous mouse K light chain locus and downstream of the most 3’ JK gene segment
(e.g., the endogenous 3’ enhancer) were unmodified by the targeting construct (see Figure
1). The sequence of the engineered human VK1-39JK5 locus is shown in SEQ lD N021.
Targeted insertion of the rearranged human germline VK1-39JK5 region into
BAC DNA was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers located at
sequences within the rearranged human germline light chain region. Briefly, the intron
sequence 3’ to the mouse VK3-7 leader sequence was confirmed with primers ULC-m1 F
(AGGTGAGGGT ACAGATAAGT GTTATGAG; SEQ lD N02) and ULC-mtR
(TGACAAATGC CCTAATTATA GTGATCA; SEQ lD N03). The open reading frame of
the rearranged human germline VK1-39JK5 region was confirmed with primers 2F
AGTCA GAGCATTAGC A; SEQ lD NO:4) and 1633—h2R (TGCAAACTGG
ATGCAGCATA G; SEQ ID NO:5). The neomycin cassette was confirmed with primers
neoF (GGTGGAGAGG CTATTCGGC; SEQ lD NO:6) and neoR (GAACACGGCG
GCATCAG; SEQ lD NO:7). Targeted BAC DNA was then used to oporate mouse ES
cells to d modified ES cells for generating chimeric mice that express a nged
human germline VK1-39JK5 .
Positive ES cell clones were confirmed by TAQMAN TM screening and
karyotyping using probes specific for the engineered VK1-39JK5 light chain region inserted
into the endogenous locus. Briefly, probe neoP (TGGGCACAAC AGACAATCGG CTG;
SEQ lD N018) which binds within the neomycin marker gene, probe ULC-m1 P
(CCATTATGAT GCTCCATGCC TCTCTGTTC; SEQ lD N029) which binds within the intron
sequence 3’ to the mouse VK3—7 leader sequence, and probe 1633h2P (ATCAGCAGAA
ACCAGGGAAA GCCCCT; SEQ lD NO:10) which binds within the rearranged human
germline VK1-39JK5 open reading frame. Positive ES cell clones were then used to
implant female mice to give rise to a litter of pups sing the germline VK1-39JK5 light
chain .
Alternatively, ES cells bearing the rearranged human germline JK5
light chain region are ected with a construct that expresses FLP in order to remove
the FRTed neomycin cassette introduced by the ing construct. Optionally, the
neomycin te is removed by breeding to mice that express FLP recombinase (e.g.,
US 6,774,279). Optionally, the neomycin te is retained in the mice.
Rearranged Human Germline Vx3-20Jx1 Targeting Vector (. In a
similar fashion, an engineered light chain locus expressing a rearranged human germline
VK3-20JK1 region was made using a targeting construct including, from 5’ to 3’, a 5’
homology arm containing sequence 5’ to the endogenous mouse K light chain locus
obtained from mouse BAC clone 302g12, a FRTed neomycin resistance gene, a genomic
sequence including the human VK3-15 promoter, a leader sequence of the mouse VK3-7
variable gene segment, an intron sequence of the mouse VK3—7 le gene segment, an
open reading frame of a rearranged human germline VK3—20JK1 region, a genomic
sequence containing a portion of the human JK-CK intron, and a 3’ homology arm
containing sequence 3’ of the nous mouse JK5 gene segment obtained from mouse
BAC clone 254m04 (Figure 2, middle). The sequence of the engineered human VK3-
20JK1 locus is shown in SEQ ID NO:11.
Targeted insertion of the rearranged human germline VK3-20JK1 region into
BAC DNA was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers located at
sequences within the rearranged human germline VK3—20JK1 light chain . Briefly,
the intron sequence 3’ to the mouse VK3-7 leader sequence was med with primers
ULC-th (SEQ lD N022) and ULC-mtR (SEQ ID NO:3). The open reading frame of the
rearranged human ne VK3-20JK1 region was confirmed with primers 1635~h2F
(TCCAGGCACC CTGTCTTTG; SEQ lD NO:12) and 1635-h2R (AAGTAGCTGC
TGCTAACACT CTGACT; SEQ lD NO:13). The neomycin cassette was confirmed with
primers neoF (SEQ lD NO:6) and neoR (SEQ lD N027). Targeted BAC DNA was then
used to electroporate mouse ES cells to created modified ES cells for generating chimeric
mice that express the rearranged human germline VK3-20JK1 light chain.
Positive ES cell clones were confirmed by TM screening and
karyotyping using probes specific for the engineered JK1 light chain region inserted
into the endogenous K light chain locus. Briefly, probe neoP (SEQ lD NO:8) which binds
within the in marker gene, probe ULC-th (SEQ lD NO:9) which binds within the
mouse VK3-7 leader sequence, and probe 1635h2P (AAAGAGCCAC CCTCTCCTGC
AGGG; SEQ lD NO:14) which binds within the human VK3-20JK1 open reading frame.
Positive ES cell clones were then used to implant female mice. A litter of pups expressing
the human germline VK3-20JK1 light chain region.
Alternatively, ES cells bearing human germline VK3-20JK1 light chain region
can be transfected with a construct that expresses FLP in order to remove the FRTed
neomycin cassette uced by the targeting construct. Optionally, the neomycin
cassette may be removed by breeding to mice that s FLP recombinase (e.g., US
6,774,279). ally, the neomycin cassette is retained in the mice.
Rearranged Human Germline k5 ing Vector (. in a
similar fashion, an engineered light chain locus expressing a rearranged human germline
VpreBJk5 region was made using a targeting construct including, from 5’ to 3’, a 5’
homology arm containing sequence 5’ to the endogenous mouse K light chain locus
obtained from mouse BAC clone 302912, a FRTed neomycin resistance gene, an genomic
sequence including the human VK3-15 promoter, a leader sequence of the mouse VK3-7
le gene t, an intron sequence of the mouse VK3-7 variable gene segment, an
open reading frame of a rearranged human germline VpreBJAS region, a genomic
sequence containing a portion of the human JK-CK intron, and a 3’ homology arm
containing sequence 3’ of the endogenous mouse JK5 gene t obtained from mouse
BAC clone 254m04 (Figure 3, ). The sequence of the engineered human VpreBJx5
locus is shown in SEQ lD NO:15.
Targeted insertion of the nged human germline VpreBJk5 region into
BAC DNA was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers located at
sequences within the rearranged human germiine VpreBJx5 region light chain region.
Briefly, the intron sequence 3’ to the mouse VK3-7 leader sequence was confirmed with
primers ULC—mlF (SEQ lD N022) and R (SEQ lD NO:3). The open reading frame
of the nged human germiine VpreBJkS region was confirmed with primers 1616-h1 F
(TGTCCTCGGC CCTTGGA; SEQ lD NO:16) and 1616-h1R (CCGATGTCAT
GGTCGTTCCT; SEQ lD NO:17). The neomycin te was confirmed with primers
neoF (SEQ lD N026) and neoR (SEQ ID N027). Targeted BAC DNA was then used to
electroporate mouse ES cells to created modified ES cells for generating chimeric mice
that express the rearranged human germiine VpreBJKS light chain.
Positive ES cell clones are confirmed by TAQMAN TM screening and
yping using probes specific for the engineered VpreBJk5 light chain region ed
into the endogenous K light chain locus. Briefly, probe neoP (SEQ lD N028) which binds
within the neomycin marker gene, probe ULC-m1 P (SEQ ID NO:9) which binds within the
mouse lgVK3—7 leader sequence, and probe 1616h1P (ACAATCCGCC GCAC
CCT; SEQ ID NOziB) which binds within the human VpreBJkS open reading frame.
Positive ES cell clones are then used to implant female mice to give rise to a litter of pups
expressing a germiine light chain region.
Alternatively, ES cells bearing the rearranged human germiine VpreBJkS
light chain region are transfected with a construct that expresses FLP in order to remove
the FRTed neomycin cassette introduced by the targeting construct. ally, the
neomycin cassette is d by breeding to mice that express FLP recombinase (e.g.,
US 6,774,279). Optionally, the neomycin cassette is retained in the mice.
Example 3
Generation of Mice expressing a single rearranged human light chain
Targeted ES cells described above were used as donor ES cells and
introduced into an 8-cell stage mouse embryo by the VELOClMOUSE® method (see, 9.9.,
US Pat. No. 754 and Poueymirou et al. (2007) F0 generation mice that are
essentially fully derived from the donor gene-targeted ES cells allowing immediate
ypic analyses Nature Biotech. 25(1):91-99. MlCE® independently bearing
an engineered human germiine VK1-39JK5 light chain , a VK3-20JK1 light chain
region or a VpreBJKS light chain region are identified by genotyping using a modification of
allele assay (Valenzuela et a/., supra) that detects the presence of the unique rearranged
human germiine light chain region.
Pups are genotyped and a pup heterozygous or homozygous for the unique
rearranged human germline light chain region are selected for characterizing expression of
the rearranged human germline light chain .
Flow Cytometry. Expression of the rearranged human light chain region in
the normal antibody repertoire of common light chain mice was validated by analysis of
immunoglobulin K and it expression in splenocytes and peripheral blood of common light
chain mice. Cell suspensions from harvested spleens and peripheral blood of wild type
(n=5), VK1-39JK5 common light chain zygote (n=3), VK1-39JK5 common light chain
homozygote (n=3), VK3-20JK1 common light chain heterozygote (n=2), and VK3-20JK1
common light chain homozygote (n=2) mice were made using standard methods and
d with CD191 lg)»+ and ng+ using fluorescently labeled antibodies (BD Pharmigen).
Briefly, 1x106 cells were incubated with anti-mouse CDtS/CD32 (clone
2.4G2, BD Pharmigen) on ice for 10 minutes, followed by labeling with the following
antibody il for 30 minutes on ice: APC conjugated anti-mouse C019 (clone 1D3, BD
Pharmigen), PerCP-Cy5.5 conjugated anti-mouse CD3 (clone 17A2, BioLegend), FlTC
conjugated ouse ng (clone 187.1, BD Pharmigen), PE ated anti-mouse lg)»
(clone , BioLegend). Following staining, cells were washed and fixed in 2%
dehyde. Data acquisition was performed on an LSRll flow cytometer and analyzed
with FIowJo. Gating: total B cells (CD19+CD3'), lgic+ B cells (ng+lg>»‘CD19+CD3'), lg)»+ B}
cells (ng'lg’MCDtyCDB‘). Data gathered from blood and splenocyte samples
demonstrated similar results. Table 3 sets forth the percent positive CD19+ B cells from
peripheral blood of one representative mouse from each group that are lgx’“, ng‘”, or
lgiflgifl. Percent of CD19+ B cells in peripheral blood from wild type (WT) and mice
homozygous for either the VK1-39JK5 or JK1 common light chain are shown in FlG.
Table 3
CD19+BcellS
Mouse
lgk” ng+ ng’lgiC
Wild type
VK1-39JK5
VK3-20JK1
Common Light Chain Expression. Expression of each common light
chain (VK1—39JK5 and VK3-20JK1) was analyzed in zygous and gous mice
using a quantitative PCR assay (e.g. TAQMAN"‘“).
y, CD19+ B cells were purified from the spleens of wild type, mice
gous for a replacement of the mouse heavy chain and K light chain variable region
loci with ponding human heavy chain and K light chain le region loci (HK), as
well as mice homozygous and zygous for each nged human light chain region
(VK1—39JK5 or VK3—20JK1) using mouse CD19 Microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec) according to
manufacturer’s specifications. Total RNA was purified from CD19+ B cells using RNeasy
Mini kit n) according to manufacturer’s specifications and genomic RNA was
removed using a RNase—free DNase on-column treatment (Qiagen). 200 ng mRNA was
e-transcribed into cDNA using the First Stand cDNA Synthesis kit (lnvitrogen) and
the resulting cDNA was amplified with the Taqman Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied
Biosystems). All reactions were performed using the ABl 7900 Sequence ion
System (Applied Biosystems) using primers and Taqman MGB probes spanning (1) the
VK-JK junction for both common light chains, (2) the VK gene alone (i.e. VK1—39 and VK3—
), and (3) the mouse CK region. Tabie 4 sets forth the sequences of the primers and
probes employed for this assay. Relative expression was normalized to expression of the
mouse CK . Results are shown in , SB and 5C.
Table 4
Region Primer/Probe Description (5’—3’) SEQ lD NOs:
(sense) AGCAGTCTGC AACCTGAAGA TTT
VK1—39JK5
(anti~sense) GTTTAATCTC CAGTCGTGTC CCTT 20
Junction
(probe) CCTCCGATCA CCTTC 21
(sense) AAACCAGGGA AAGCCCCTAA 22
VK1-39 (anti—sense) ATGGGACCCC ACTTTGCA 23
(probe) CTCCTGATCT ATGCTGCAT 24
(sense) CAGCAGACTG GAGCCTGAAG A 25
VK3-20JK1
(anti-sense) TGATTTCCAC CTTGGTCCCT T
Junction
(probe) TAGCTCACCT TGGACGTT
(sense) CTCCTGATCT ATGGTGCATC CA Jr"
VK3-20 (anti-sense) GACCCACTGC CACTGAACCT
(probe) CCACTGGCAT CCC
(sense) TGAGCAGCAC CCTCACGTT
Mouse CK (anti—sense) GTGGCCTCAC AGGTATAGCT GTT
(probe) ACCAAGGACG AGTATGAA 33
] Antigen Specific Common Light Chain dies. Common light chain
mice bearing either a VK1—39JK5 or VK3-20JK1 common light chain at the endogenous
mouse K light chain locus were immunized with fi-galactosidase and antibody titer was
measured.
Briefly, fi-galactosidase (Sigma) was emulsified in ax adjuvant
(Sigma), as per manufacturers directions. Wild type (n=7), VK1-39JK5 common light chain
homozygotes (n=2) and VK3-20JK1 common light chain homozygotes (n=5) were
immunized by subcutaneous ion with 100 pg (S-galactosidase/Titermax. Mice were
boosted by subcutaneous injection two times, 3 weeks apart, with 50 pg [3-
galactosidase/Titermax. After the second boost, blood was collected from hetized
mice using a retro-orbital bleed into serum separator tubes (BD Biosciences) as per
manufacturer’s directions. To measure anti-B-galactosidase lgM or lgG antibodies, ELlSA
plates (Nunc) were coated with 1 pg/mL B-galactosidase ght at 4°C. Excess antigen
was washed off before blocking with PBS with 1% BSA for one hour at room temperature.
Serial dilutions of serum were added to the plates and incubated for one hour at room
temperature before washing. Plates were then incubated with HRP conjugated anti—lgM
(Southern Biotech) or anti-lgG (Southern Biotech) for one hour at room temperature.
Following another wash, plates were developed with TMB substrate (BD Biosciences).
Reactions were stopped with 1N sulfuric acid and OD450 was read using a Victor X5 Plate
Reader (Perkin Elmer). Data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism and signal was
calculated as the dilution of serum that is two times above background. Results are shown
in and BB.
As shown in this Example, the ratio of Kl)» B cells in both the splenic and
peripheral compartments of VK1-39JK5 and JK1 common light chain mice
demonstrated a near wild type pattern (Table 3 and HG. 4). VpreBJx5 common light chain
mice, however, demonstrated fewer peripheral B cells, of which about 1—2% express the
engineered human light chain region (data not shown). The sion levels of the VK1-
39J1<5 and VK3~20JK1 rearranged human light chain regions from the nous K light
chain locus were elevated in comparison to an endogenous K light chain locus containing a
complete replacement of mouse VK and JK gene segments with human VK and JK gene
segments (, SB and SC). The sion levels of the VpreBJkS nged
human light chain region trated similar high expression from the endogenous K
light chain locus in both heterozygous and homozygous mice (data not shown). This
demonstrates that in direct competition with the mouse A, K, or both endogenous light
chain loci, a single rearranged human VL/JL sequence can yield better than wild type levei
sion from the endogenous K light chain locus and give rise to normal splenic and
blood B cell frequency. Further, the presence of an engineered K light chain locus having
either a human VK1-39JK5 or human JK1 sequence was well tolerated by the mice
and appear to function in wild type fashion by representing a substantial portion of the light
chain oire in the humoral component of the immune response (FlG 6A and GB).
Example 4
ng of Mice Expressing a Single Rearranged Human Germline Light Chain
This Example describes several other genetically modified mouse strains
that can be bred to any one of the common light chain mice bed herein to create
multiple genetically modified mouse strains ing le genetically modified
immunoglobulin loci.
Endogenous lg)» Knockout (KO). To optimize the usage of the
engineered light chain locus, mice bearing one of the rearranged human germline light
chain regions are bred to r mouse containing a deletion in the nous 7» light
chain locus. in this manner, the progeny obtained will express, as their only light chain, the
rearranged human germline light chain region as bed in e 2. Breeding is
performed by standard techniques recognized in the art and, alternatively, by a commercial
breeder (6.9., The Jackson tory). Mouse strains bearing an engineered light chain
locus and a deletion of the endogenous 7» light chain locus are screened for presence of
the unique light chain region and absence of endogenous mouse A light chains.
] Humanized Endogenous Heavy Chain Locus. Mice bearing an
engineered human germline light chain locus are bred with mice that contain a
replacement of the endogenous mouse heavy chain variable gene locus with the human
heavy chain variable gene locus (see US 6,596,541; the VELOCIMMUNE® mouse,
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc). The VELOCIMMUNE® mouse comprises a genome
comprising human heavy chain variable regions operably linked to endogenous mouse
constant region loci such that the mouse produces antibodies comprising a human heavy
chain variable region and a mouse heavy chain constant region in response to antigenic
stimulation. The DNA encoding the variable regions of the heavy chains of the antibodies
is isolated and operably linked to DNA encoding the human heavy chain constant regions.
The DNA is then expressed in a cell capable of expressing the fully human heavy chain of
the antibody.
Mice bearing a replacement of the endogenous mouse VH locus with the
human VH locus and a single rearranged human germline VL region at the endogenous K
light chain locus are obtained. Reverse chimeric antibodies containing somatically mutated
heavy chains (human VH and mouse CH) with a single human light chain (human VL and
mouse CL) are obtained upon immunization with an antigen of interest. VH and VL
nucleotide sequences of B cells expressing the antibodies are identified and fully human
antibodies are made by fusion the VH and VL tide sequences to human CH and CL
nucleotide sequences in a le expression system.
Example 5
Generation of Antibodies from Mice Expressing Human Heavy Chains and a
Rearranged Human Germline Light Chain Region
After breeding mice that contain the engineered human light chain region to
various desired strains containing cations and ons of other endogenous lg loci
(as described in Example 4), selected mice can be immunized with an antigen of interest.
Generally, a VELOClMMUNE® mouse containing one of the single
rearranged human germline light chain regions is challenged with an antigen, and
lymphatic cells (such as B-cells) are recovered from serum of the animals. The lymphatic
cells are fused with a myeloma cell line to prepare immortal oma cell lines, and such
hybridoma cell lines are screened and selected to identify hybridoma cell lines that produce
antibodies containing human heavy chain variables and a rearranged human ne light
chains which are ic to the antigen used for zation. DNA encoding the variable
regions of the heavy chains and the light chain are ed and linked to desirable isotypic
nt regions of the heavy chain and light chain. Due to the presence of the
endogenous mouse sequences and any additional cis-acting elements present in the
endogenous locus, the single light chain of each antibody may be somatically mutated.
This adds additional diversity to the antigen-specific repertoire comprising a single light
chain and diverse heavy chain sequences. The resulting cloned antibody sequences are
subsequently expressed in a cell, such as a CHO cell. atively, DNA encoding the
antigen-specific chimeric antibodies or the variable s of the light and heavy chains
are fied directly from antigen—specific lymphocytes.
lly, high affinity chimeric antibodies are isolated having a human
le region and a mouse constant region. As described above, the antibodies are
characterized and selected for desirable characteristics, including affinity, selectivity,
epitope, etc. The mouse constant regions are replaced with a desired human constant
region to generate the fully human antibody containing a somatically mutated human heavy
chain and a single light chain derived from a rearranged human germline light chain region
of the invention. Suitable human constant regions include, for example wild type or
modified lth or lgG4.
Separate cohorts of VELOClMMUNE® mice containing a replacement of
the endogenous mouse heavy chain locus with human VH, DH, and JH gene segments and
a replacement of the endogenous mouse K light chain locus with either the engineered
germline VK1—39JK5 human light chain region or the engineered germline VK3-20JK1
human light chain region ibed above) were immunized with a human cell-surface
receptor n (Antigen E). Antigen E is administered directly onto the hind footpad of
mice with six consecutive injections every 3-4 days. Two to three micrograms of Antigen E
are mixed with 10 pg of CpG oligonucleotide (Cat # tlrl—modn — ODN1826 oligonucieotide;
anivogen, San Diego, CA) and 25 pg of Adju-Phos (Aluminum phosphate gel adjuvant,
Cat# H-71639—250; Brenntag Biosector, Frederikssund, k) prior to injection. A total
of six injections are given prior to the final antigen recall, which is given 3-5 days prior to
sacrifice. Bleeds after the 4th and 6th injection are collected and the antibody immune
response is monitored by a standard antigen-specific immunoassay.
When a desired immune response is achieved cytes are harvested
and fused with mouse myeloma cells to preserve their viability and form oma cell
lines. The hybridoma cell lines are screened and selected to identify cell lines that produce
Antigen E-specific common light chain antibodies. Using this technique several anti-
Antigen E-specific common light chain antibodies (i.e., antibodies possessing human
heavy chain variable domains, the same human light chain le domain, and mouse
constant domains) are obtained.
Alternatively, anti-Antigen E common light chain dies are ed
directly from n—positive B cells t fusion to myeloma cells, as described in US.
2007/0280945A1, herein specifically incorporated by nce in its entirety. Using this
method, several fully human anti—Antigen E common light chain antibodies (i.e., antibodies
possessing human heavy chain variable domains, either an engineered human VK1-39JK5
light chain or an ered human VK3-20JK1 light chain region, and human constant
domains) were obtained.
The biological properties of the exemplary ntigen E common light
chain antibodies generated in accordance with the methods of this Example are described
in detail in the sections set forth below.
Example 6
Heavy Chain Gene Segment Usage in Antigen-Specific Common Light Chain
Antibodies
To analyze the structure of the human anti-Antigen E common light chain
dies produced, nucleic acids encoding heavy chain antibody variable regions were
cloned and sequenced. From the nucleic acid sequences and predicted amino acid
ces of the antibodies, gene usage was identified for the heavy chain variable region
(HCVR) of selected common light chain antibodies obtained from immunized
MMUNE® mice containing either the engineered human VK1—39JK5 light chain or
engineered human V1<3~20J1<1 light chain region. Results are shown in Tables 5 and 6,
which demonstrate that mice according to the invention generate antigen-specific common
light chain antibodies from a variety of human heavy chain gene segments, due to a variety
of ngements, when employing either a mouse that expresses a light chain from only
a human V1<1 or a human VK3derived light chain. Human VH gene segments of the
2, 3, 4, and 5 families rearranged with a variety of human DH segments and human JH
segments to yield antigen-specific antibodies.
Table5
VK1-39JK5
Common Light Chain Antibodies
HCVR HCVR
dy. _
------------- Antibody
VH DH JH VH DH JH
5932 3-30 6-13 4
6002 3-30 6-13 4
6003 3-30 6-13
6012 3-30 6-13 4
6013 3-30 6-13 4 I
6014 3-30 6-13 4 1
4 6015 3304 6-13 4 l
4 6016 3-30 (MET 4
4 6017 3-30 6-13 4
4 6020 3-30 643+ 4
4 6034 3-30 6-13 4
4 2943 3-30 7-27 4
3g 4 2987 3-30 7-27 4
2932 3-30 3-22 5 2996 3-30 7-27 4
6001 3-30 3-22 5] i3005 3-30 7-27 4
{5005 3-30 [3-22 5 3012 | 7-27 4
15035 3-30 5-5 2 :{3-30 4
3013 3301512 4 I 4
3-30 5-12 4 4
13-30 5-5 1 4
-5 3 4
-5 4 4
4
“5— 5
5
3
3.] 3
3
3
5029 3
5035 3
5037 3
-5 i 5 2954 3
-5 5 3027 4
55 st 3045 3
—5 5 5000 4
-5 5 5005 5
55 J 5—1 6008 4:1
TabieS
VK3-20JK1
Common Light Chain Antibodies
HCVR HCVR
Antibody —--- Antibody_
VH DH JH VH DH JH
—51 3—16 6
-51 3-16 6
—--n
—--n
Example 7
Determination of Blocking Ability of Antigen—Specific Common Light Chain
Antibodies by XTM Assay
Ninety-eight human common light chain antibodies raised against Antigen E
were tested for their ability to block g of Antigen E’s l ligand (Ligand Y) to
Antigen E in a bead-based assay.
The extracellular domain (ECD) of Antigen E was conjugated to two myc
epitope tags and a 6X histidine tag (Antigen E-mmH) and amine—coupled to carboxylated
microspheres at a concentration of 20 ug/mL in MES buffer. The mixture was ted
for two hours at room temperature followed by bead deactivation with 1M Tris pH 8.0
followed by washing in PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20. The beads were then blocked
with PBS (lrvine ScientificfSanta Ana, CA) containing 2% (w/v) BSA (Sigma—Aldrich Corp,
St. Louis, MO). In a 96-well filter plate, supernatants containing Antigen ific
common light chain antibodies were diluted 1:15 in buffer. A negative control containing a
mock supernatant with the same media components as for the antibody supernatant was
prepared. Antigen E-labeled beads were added to the supernatants and incubated
overnight at 4°C. Biotinylated-Ligand Y protein was added to a final concentration of 0.06
nM and incubated for two hours at room temperature. Detection of biotinylated-Ligand Y
bound to Antigen E-myc—myc-BHis d beads was determined with R—Phycoerythrin
conjugated to Streptavidin (Moss lnc, Pasadena, MD) followed by measurement in a
XTM flow cytometry-based analyzer. Background Mean Fluorescence intensity
(MFl) of a sample t Ligand Y was subtracted from all samples. Percent blocking
was calculated by division of the background-subtracted MFI of each sample by the
adjusted negative control value, multiplying by 100 and subtracting the resulting value from
100.
in a r experiment, the same 98 human common light chain dies
raised against Antigen E were tested for their ability to block binding of Antigen E to Ligand
Y—labeled beads.
Briefly, Ligand Y was amine-coupled to carboxylated pheres at a
concentration of 20 ug/mL diluted in MES . The mixture and incubated two hours at
room temperature followed by deactivation of beads with 1M Tris pH 8 then washing in
PBS with 0.05% (v/v) Tween—20. The beads were then blocked with PBS (lrvine Scientific,
Santa Ana, CA) containing 2% (w/v) BSA -Aldrich Corp, St. Louis, MO). in a 96-
well filter plate, supernatants ning Antigen E—specific common light chain antibodies
were diluted 1:15 in buffer. A negative control containing a mock supernatant with the
same media components as for the antibody supernatant was ed. A biotinylated-
Antigen E-mmH was added to a final concentration of 0.42 nM and incubated overnight at
4°C. Ligand Y-labeled beads were then added to the antibody/Antigen E mixture and
incubated for two hours at room temperature. Detection of biotinylated-Antigen E-mmH
bound to Ligand Y-beads was determined with R-Phycoerythrin conjugated to Streptavidin
(Moss lnc, Pasadena, MD) followed by measurement in a XTM flow cytometry-
based analyzer. Background Mean Fluorescence lntensity (MFl) of a sample without
Antigen E was subtracted from all samples. Percent blocking was calculated by division of
the ound—subtracted MFl of each sample by the adjusted negative control value,
multiplying by 100 and subtracting the resulting value from 100.
Tables 7 and 8 show the percent blocking for all 98 anti—Antigen E common
light chain antibodies tested in both LUMlNEXTM assays. ND: not determined under
t experimental conditions.
Table 7
Common Light Chain Antibodies
% ng of % Blocking of
Antibody
Antigen E-Labeled Beads Antigen E in Solution
2949 97.6 78.8
2949G 97.1 73.7
2950 96.2 81.9
2950G 89.8 31.4
2952 96.1 74.3
2952G 93.5 39.9
2954 93.7 70.1
2954G 91.7 30.1
2955 75.8 30.0
2955G 71.8 ND
2964 92.1 J 31.4
2964G 94.6 43.0
2978 98.0 95.1
2978G 13.9 94.1
29826 41.9 52.4
2985 39.5 31.2
2985G 2.0 5.0
2987 81.7 67.8
WO 48873
2987G 26.6 29.3
2996 87.3 55.3
29966 95.9 38.4
\I 01
30046 60.3 40.7
3005 97.4 93.5
3005G 77.5 75.6
3010 82.6
301OG 81.0
3011 42.8
3011G 41.7
3012 60.8
.7
3014G 28.5
3016 97.1 81.6
3016G 93.1 66.4
3017 94.8 70.2
3013s 25.1 12.7
3019 99.3 92.4
30196 99.3 88.1
3020 95.7 90.3
3020c; 35.2 41.5
74.5 25.1
3022 -
30229
3023
3023s
3024
30246 89.0 10.0
3025 70.7 1 15.6
WO 48873
30256 76.7 24.3
962 613
936 753
924 290
813 233
|§fififl||l 60 100
30303
3032
30320
3033
30330
3036 327
3041 G 92.4 51.6
3042 88.1 73.3
3042G 60.9 25.2
Table 8
VK3—20JK1
Common Light Chain Antibodies
% Blocking of % Blocking of
Antibody
Antigen E—Labeied Beads Antigen E in Solution
In the first XTM experiment bed above, 80 common light chain
antibodies containing the VK1-39JK5 engineered light chain were tested for their ability to
block Ligand Y binding to n E-labeled beads. Of these 80 common light chain
antibodies, 68 demonstrated >50% blocking, while 12 demonstrated <50% blocking (6 at
-50% blocking and 6 at <25% blocking). For the 18 common light chain antibodies
containing the VK3—20JK1 engineered light chain, 12 demonstrated >50% blocking, while 6
demonstrated <50% blocking (3 at 25-50% blocking and 3 at <25% blocking) of Ligand Y
binding to Antigen E—labeled beads.
in the second LUMlNEXTM experiment bed above, the same 80
common light chain antibodies containing the VK1-39JK5 engineered light chain were
tested for their ability to block g of Antigen E to Ligand Y—labeled beads. Of these 80
common light chain antibodies, 36 trated >50% blocking, while 44 demonstrated
<50% blocking (27 at 25-50% blocking and 17 at <25% blocking). For the 18 common light
chain dies containing the VK3-20JK1 engineered light chain, 1 demonstrated >50%
blocking, while 17 demonstrated <50% blocking (5 at 25-50% blocking and 12 at <25%
ng) of Antigen E binding to Ligand Y-labeled beads.
The data of Tables 7 and 8 establish that the rearrangements described in
Tables 5 and 6 ted anti—Antigen E—specific common light chain antibodies that
d binding of Ligand Y to its cognate receptor Antigen E with varying degrees of
efficacy, which is consistent with the anti-Antigen E common light chain antibodies of
Tables 5 and 6 comprising antibodies with overlapping and non-overlapping epitope
specificity with respect to Antigen E.
Example 8
Determination of Blocking Ability of Antigen-Specific Common Light Chain
Antibodies by ELISA
Human common light chain antibodies raised against Antigen E were tested
for their ability to block Antigen E binding to a Ligand Y—coated surface in an ELISA assay.
Ligand Y was coated onto 96—weil plates at a concentration of 2 ug/mL
diluted in PBS and incubated overnight followed by g four times in PBS with 0.05%
. The plate was then blocked with PBS (lrvine Scientific, Santa Ana, CA)
containing 0.5% (w/v) BSA (Sigma-Aldrich Corp, St. Louis, M0) for one hour at room
temperature. in a separate plate, supernatants containing anti-Antigen E common light
chain dies were diluted 1:10 in buffer. A mock supernatant with the same
components of the antibodies was used as a negative control. Antigen E—mmH (described
above) was added to a final concentration of 0.150 nM and incubated for one hour at room
temperature. The antibody/Antigen E-mmH mixture was then added to the plate containing
Ligand Y and incubated for one hour at room temperature. Detection of Antigen E-mmH
bound to Ligand Y was determined with Horse—Radish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugated to
anti-Penta—His antibody (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and developed by standard colorimetric
response using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (BD ences, San Jose, CA)
neutralized by sulfuric acid. Absorbance was read at OD450 for 0.1 sec. Background
absorbance of a sample without Antigen E was subtracted from all samples. t
blocking was ated by division of the background-subtracted MFl of each sample by
the adjusted negative control value, multiplying by 100 and subtracting the resulting value
from 100.
Tables 9 and 10 show the t blocking for all 98 ntigen E
common light chain antibodies tested in the ELISA assay. ND: not determined under
current experimental conditions.
Table 9
VK’l -39JK5
Common Light Chain Antibodies
ArmsfeBlockIng ofO ' 0A) Blocking of'
Antibody Antibody
n E In Solution n E In Solution
WO 48873
59.0 3023 9.1 1
29820 20.4 30230 19.2 i
2985 10.5 3024 7.5
29850 ND 30240 15.2 1
31.4 3025 ND
29870 ND 30250 13.9
2995 29.3 3027 51.4
29950 ND 1 30270 82.7
2997 48.7 i 3028 40.3
ND | 30280 12.3
.7 1 3030 ND
3.5 30300 9.5
No i
54.3 30320 13.1 i
74.5 3033 77.1
30100 84.6 L30330 32.9
19.4 3035 17.5
30110 ND 30350
45.0 3041
”“3040
39.0 3042
30130 9.5 30420 15.1
___I
3014 5.2 _l {3043 57.4
30140 17.1 30430 45.1
Table 10
VK3-20JK1
Common Light Chain Antibodies
% Blocking of % Blocking of
Antibody Antibody
Antigen E In Solution Antigen E In Solution
2968
29688
2969
2969G
2970
29706
2971
2971 G
2976G
As described in this Example, of the 80 common light chain antibodies
containing the VK1-39JK5 engineered light chain tested for their ability to block Antigen E
binding to a Ligand ed surface, 22 demonstrated >50% blocking, while 58
demonstrated <50% blocking (20 at 25-50% ng and 38 at <25% blocking). For the
18 common light chain antibodies containing the VK3-20JK1 engineered light chain, one
demonstrated >50% blocking, while 17 demonstrated <50% ng (5 at 25—50% blocking
and 12 at <25% blocking) of Antigen E binding to a Ligand Y—coated surface.
] These results are also consistent with the Antigen E—specific common light
chain antibody pool comprising antibodies with overlapping and erlapping epitope
icity with respect to Antigen E.
Example 9
BlACORETM Affinity Determination for Antigen-Specific Common Light Chain
Antibodies
Equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) for selected antibody supernatants
were determined by SPR (Surface n Resonance) using a ET'V‘ T100
instrument (GE Healthcare). All data was obtained using HBS-EP (10mM Hepes, 150mM
NaCl, 0.3mM EDTA, 0.05% Surfactant P20, pH 7.4) as both the running and sample
buffers, at 25°C. Antibodies were captured from crude supernatant samples on a CM5
sensor chip surface previously derivatized with a high density of anti-human Fc antibodies
using rd amine coupling chemistry. During the capture step, supernatants were
injected across the anti—human Fc surface at a flow rate of 3 pL/min, for a total of 3
minutes. The capture step was followed by an injection of either running buffer or analyte
at a concentration of 100 nM for 2 minutes at a flow rate of 35 pL/min. Dissociation of
antigen from the captured antibody was monitored for 6 minutes. The captured dy
was d by a brief injection of 10 mM glycine, pH 1.5. All sensorgrams were double
referenced by subtracting sensorgrams from buffer injections from the analyte
sensorgrams, thereby removing artifacts caused by dissociation of the antibody from the
capture surface. Binding data for each antibody was fit to a 1:1 binding model with mass
transport using e T100 Evaluation software v2.1. Results are shown in Tables 11
and 12.
Table 11
VK1-39JK5
Common Light Chain Antibodies
100 nM Antigen E 100 nM n E
Antibody —-———————-————- Antibody
KD (HM) T1/2 (min) KD (HM) T1/2 (min)
1 30156 55.9 0
9 4
30176 55.4
7 3018 11.3 35
4 30186 32.5 3
24 3019 59
9 30196 42
29556 4 30206 5
2954 14.8 5 3021 5 1
29546 9 30216 4 i
2978 1.91 49 I302 17
29786 1.80 58 30226 12
2982 19 3023 253 “
29826 15.3 9 30236 103
2985 54.4 9 3024 58.8
29856 2.44 8 30246 7.09 10
2987 [—21.0 11 3025 35.2 5
E987G 37.5 4 30256 42.5 n
2995 10.8 9 3027 7.15 n
29956 24.0 2 30276 4.24
2997 19 3028 5.89 37
29976 151 1 30286 7.23 22
3004 45.5 14 3030 45.2
30046 1.93 91 30306 128 3
3005 2.35 1M 3032 53.2 9
30056 27 30326 13.0 1
3010 25 3033 4.51 17
30106 2.10 49 3033G 12.0 5
3011 59.1 5 _3035 284 12
Table 12
Common Light Chain Antibodies
100 nM Antigen E 100 nM Antigen E
dyw_ Antibody
KD(nM) T1,2(min) KD(nM) T1/2 (mm)_
2970G 12.3
2972 6.02 13
The binding affinities of common light chain antibodies comprising the
rearrangements shown in Tables 5 and 6 vary, with nearly all exhibiting a KD in the
nanomolar range. The affinity data is consistent with the common light chain antibodies
resulting from the combinatorial ation of rearranged variable domains described in
Tables 5 and 6 being high-affinity, clonaliy selected, and somatically mutated. Coupled
with data usly shown, the common light chain dies described in Tables 5 and 6
comprise a collection of diverse, high-affinity antibodies that exhibit specificity for one or
more epitopes on Antigen E.
Example 10
Determination of Binding icities of Antigen-Specific Common Light Chain
Antibodies by LUMlNEXTM Assay
Selected anti-Antigen E common light chain dies were tested for their
ability to bind to the ECD of Antigen E and Antigen E ECD variants, including the
cynomolgous monkey ortholog (MfAntigen E), which differs from the human protein in
approximately 10% of its amino acid residues; a deletion mutant of Antigen E lacking the
last 10 amino acids from the C-terminal end of the ECD (Antigen E-ACT); and two mutants
ning an alanine substitution at suspected locations of interaction with Ligand Y
(Antigen E-Ala1 and AntigenE—Ala2). The Antigen E proteins were produced in CHO cells
and each contained a c-His C-terminal tag.
For the binding studies, n E ECD protein or variant protein (described
above) from 1 mL of culture medium was captured by incubation for 2 hr at room
temperature with 1 x 106 microsphere (LUMINEXTM) beads covalently coated with an anti-
myc onal antibody (MAb 9E10, hybridoma cell line CRL-1729TM; ATCC, as,
VA). The beads were then washed with PBS before use. Supernatants containing anti-
Antigen E common light chain antibodies were diluted 1:4 in buffer and added to 96-well
filter plates. A mock supernatant with no antibody was used as negative l. The
beads ning the captured Antigen E proteins were then added to the antibody
samples (3000 beads per well) and incubated overnight at 4°C. The following day, the
sample beads were washed and the bound common light chain antibody was detected with
a R—phycoerythrin-conjugated anti—human lgG antibody. The fluorescence intensity of the
beads (approximately 100 beads counted for each antibody sample binding to each
Antigen E protein) was measured with a LUMlNEXTM flow cytometry—based analyzer, and
the median fluorescence ity (MFI) for at least 100 counted beads per bead/antibody
interaction was ed. Results are shown in Tables 13 and 14.
Table 13
VK1-39JK5 Common Light Chain Antibodies
Mean Fluorescence intensity (MFI)
Antibody Antigen E- Antigen E- Antigen E— Antigen E— .
ECD ACT Ala 1 Ala2 MfAntigen E
3358 244
2808 3396
2643
2955 1310
2955G 1324 4910 3755 1623
WO 48873
1125 4185 346 44
29646 4999 729 4646 534 91
2800 14542 10674 8049
3117 1674 7646 5944 2546
3068 1537 9202 6004 4744
-2996 4666 9046 6459
-2996G 2752 6150 4873
-2997 5164 8361 5922
—2997G 658 2325 1020
-3004 6268 3083
2753 5808 4345
5683 5868
30106 51
3011 3863
30126 968 378
3013 2343 1791
30136 327 144
3015 3202 2068 8262 5554 3796
531 4246 2643 1611
1277 6344 4288 4091
2553 8700 5547 5098
1081 5763 3825 3038
3018 2339 1971 6140 4515 2293
30186 254 118 978 1020 345
3019 5235 1882 7108 4249 1 54
30196 1 4090 1270 4769 3474 l 214
3020 3883 3107 8591 I 6602 I 4420
139206 2165 1209 6489 I 4295 1 2912
WO 48873
1472 6872 4641 2742
1005 6430 3988 2935
3022 2418 793 7523 2679 36
30226 2189 831 6182 3051 132
3023 1692 1411 5788 3898 2054
3023G 1770 825 5702 3677 2648
3024 1819 1467 6179 4557 2450
3024G 100 87 268 433 131
3025 1853 1233 6413 4337 2581
3025G 1782 791 5773 3871 2717
3027 4131 1018 582 2510 22
30276 3492 814 1933 2596 42
3028 4361 2545 9884 5639 975
3028G 2835 1398 7124 3885 597
3030 463 277 1266 1130 391
30306 3420 2570 1186
3032 2083 1496 2405
295 106 292
30336 2499 4210
3036 1755
30366 2313
30416 2519 6468 4274 3320
463 4205 2762 1519
2128 7607 5532 3366
30436 2293 1319 6573 4403 1 3228
Table 14
VK3-20JK1 Common Light Chain Antibodies
Mean Fluorescence intensity (MFi)
Antibody Antigen E- Antigen E- Antigen E- Antigen E-
MfAntigen E
ECD ACT Ala1 A|a2
297OG 4683
2971 501
2976
[397%
The anti-Antigen E common light chain dy supernatants exhibited high
ic binding to the beads linked to n E-ECD. For these beads, the negative
control mock supernatant resulted in negligible signal (<10 MFl) when combined with the
Antigen E-ECD bead sample, whereas the supernatants containing anti—Antigen E
common light chain antibodies exhibited strong binding signal (average MFl of 2627 for 98
antibody supernatants; MFl > 500 for 91/98 antibody samples).
As a measure of the ability of the selected anti—Antigen E common light
chain antibodies to identify different epitopes on the E00 of Antigen E, the relative binding
of the antibodies to the variants were ined. All four Antigen E ts were
captured to the anti-myc XTM beads as described above for the native Antigen E-
ECD g studies, and the relative binding ratios (MFlvafiam/MFIAmigen 5.500) were
determined. For 98 tested common light chain antibody supernatants shown in Tables 12
and 13, the average ratios (MFlvargam/MFlAmigen EECD) differed for each variant, likely
reflecting different capture amounts of proteins on the beads (average ratios of 0.61, 2.9,
2.0, and 1.0 for Antigen E-ACT, Antigen E-Ala1, Antigen E-Ala2, and MfAntigen E,
respectively). For each protein variant, the binding for a subset of the 98 tested common
light chain antibodies showed greatly reduced binding, indicating sensitivity to the on
that characterized a given variant. For example, 19 of the common light chain antibody
samples bound to the MfAntigen E with iam/MFIAMgen EECD of <8%. Since many in this
group include high or moderately high affinity antibodies (5 with KD < 5nM, 15 with KD < 50
nM), it is likely that the lower signal for this group results from sensitivity to the sequence
(epitope) differences between native Antigen E-ECD and a given t rather than from
lower affinities.
These data establish that the common light chain antibodies described in Tables
and 6 represent a diverse group of Antigen-E specific common light chain antibodies that
specifically recognize more than one epitope on Antigen E.
Where the terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprised” or “comprising” are used in
this specification (including the ) they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence
of the stated features, rs, steps or components, but not precluding the presence of one
or more other features, integers, steps or components, or group thereof.
The discussion of documents, acts, als, devices, articles and the like is
included in this specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present
ion. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters formed part of
the prior art base or were common l knowledge in the field relevant to the present
invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application.
Claims (1)
1. A genetically modified mouse comprising a population of B cells that each express a human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain derived from a single rearranged human /Jκ sequence which is present in the germline of the mouse, wherein the single rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ sequence comprises a human germline Vκ1-39 gene segment and a human germline Jκ gene segment, which single rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ sequence is operably linked to an immunoglobulin light chain constant region sequence, and wherein the human immunoglobulin light chain variable domain is expressed from a sequence that is cal to or a somatically hypermutated variant of the rearranged human Vκ1-39/Jκ ce; and wherein the B cells of the population include at least one B cell that expresses a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain derived from a rearranged human VH/D/JH region selected from the group consisting of 1-
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/093,156 US20120021409A1 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-04-25 | Common Light Chain Mouse |
US13/093,156 | 2011-04-25 | ||
PCT/US2012/034737 WO2012148873A2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2012-04-24 | Non-human animals expressing antibodies having a common light chain |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ617158A NZ617158A (en) | 2016-04-29 |
NZ617158B2 true NZ617158B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
Family
ID=
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