NZ616183B2 - Method for egfr directed combination treatment of cancer - Google Patents

Abstract

Discloses use of an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) selected from the group consisting of EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-1033, BIBW 2992, PF-00299804 1-(4-(4-(3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)piperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, WZ 3146, WZ 4002, and WZ 8040, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for preparation of a medicament for treating of a human patient suffering from a cancer driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR) selected from the group consisting of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastatic forms thereof, wherein the medicament is for use in combination with a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB) selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, matuzumab and necitumumab, wherein the treating comprises administering the TKI according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and co-administering the mAB according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly. 4002, and WZ 8040, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for preparation of a medicament for treating of a human patient suffering from a cancer driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR) selected from the group consisting of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastatic forms thereof, wherein the medicament is for use in combination with a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB) selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, matuzumab and necitumumab, wherein the treating comprises administering the TKI according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and co-administering the mAB according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly.

Description

METHOD FOR EGFR DIRECTED COMBINATION TREATMENT OF CANCER The present invention relates to a method of treating patients suffering from cancers driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor or (HENHuman EGFR) such as, but not limited to, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell oma (HNSCC), breast cancer, esophageal , gastric cancer, renal cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, malignant glioma, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) comprising a flexible and active regimen for combining an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB), wherein in this method the TKI is administered ing to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and the mAB is co-administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly intravenous (iV) dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated , twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least monthly to a patient in need of such treatment. The method of treatment of the invention includes treatment of TKI naive patients as well as of ts pretreated with EGFR TKIs, particularly those patients with primary or ed resistance to treatment with reversible or irreversible TKIs such as gef1tinib, nib, l-(4-(4-(3,4-dichloro fluorophenylamino)methoxyquinazolinyloxy)piperidin- l -yl)propenone, or salts thereof, EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, lapatinib, CI-1033 (canertinib), WZ 3146, WZ 4002, WZ 8040 (structures of the three WZ compounds sed by Wenjun Zhou et al.: Novel mutant-selective EGFR kinase tors against EGFR T790M, in Nature 2009, Vol. 462, 1070-1074), Icotinib, BIBW 2992 or PF-00299804 (dacomitinib).

Furthermore the method of treatment of the invention includes to overcome primary or acquired resistance and prevention or delay of acquired resistance to treatment with (reversible or irreversible) TKIs.

Additional aspects of the invention are pharmaceutical compositions and ceutical kits which include instructions for coadministration of the TKI with the mAB, rsible TKIs for coadministration with a targeted mAB that prevents the binding of ligands to EGFR and the use of an irreversible TKI for preparation of a pharmaceutical composition sing an effective amount of the rsible TKI, together with an instruction for coadministration with the mAB. ound ofthe invention EGFR is expressed in several solid malignancies, including NSCLC, HNSCC, malignant glioma and colorectal cancer, and abnormal or deregulated EGFR activity is known to contribute to numerous tumorigenic processes. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in industrialized countries. Cancers that begin in the lungs are divided into two major types, non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, depending on how the cells appear under a microscope. Non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell oma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma) generally spreads to other organs more slowly than does small cell lung cancer. About 75 percent of lung cancer cases are categorized as non-small cell lung cancer (e.g., adenocarcinomas), and the other 25 percent are small cell lung cancer. For patients with advanced e, chemotherapy provides a modest benefit in survival, but at the cost of significant toxicity, underscoring the need for therapeutic agents that are cally targeted to the al genetic lesions that direct tumor growth (Schiller JH et al., N Engl J Med, 346: 92-98, 2002).

Mutations that lead to EGFR overexpression (known as upregulation) or overactivity have been associated with a number of s, including lung cancer, anal cancers and glioblastoma multiforme. Mutations, amplifications or misregulations of EGFR or family members are implicated in about 30% of all epithelial cancers. uently, mutations of EGFR have been identified in several types of , and has led to the development of anticancer therapeutics directed against EGFR, using two approaches: (1) targeted monoclonal antibodies (mABs) that prevent the binding of ligands to EGFR, and (2) small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that block the intracellular catalytic activity of the receptor. Skin toxicity characterized by rash or acne-like symptoms and diarrhea of different grades are the most common adverse events of EGFR targeted therapies (Expert Opin.

Investig. Drugs (2009) 18(3), 293—300).

The mouse chimeric IgGl mAb cetuximab down-regulates EGFR signaling and subsequently inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and reduces angiogenesis.

Cetuximab in ation with herapy has been approved by Health Authorities for the ent of metastatic colorectal cancer and for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic head and neck cancer. Cetuximab has also demonstrated little al activity as a single agent in patients with advanced NSCLC after prior EGFR TKI therapy (Neal JW, Heist RS, Fidias P, Temel JS, Huberman M, Marcoux JP, Muzikansky A, Lynch TJ, Sequist LV; J Thorac Oncol. 2010 Nov; 5(11):1855-8: Cetuximab monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after prior epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy). Panitumumab (VECTIBIX ®) is a human IgG2 mAB against EGFR and approved for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Other monoclonals in clinical development are zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, matuzumab and mumab.

First generation small molecule HER TKIs include gef1tinib (Iressa ®) and erlotinib (Tarceva ®), both binding reversibly to the EGFR. Gefitinib is indicated in all lines of treatment of advanced NSCLC harbouring EGFR mutations in the tumor and erlotinib is indicated as treatment of advanced NSCLC after prior chemotherapy, but in development in all lines of EGFR mutation positive NSCLC These new drugs directly target the EGFR. Patients have been divided into EGFR positive (EGFR+) and negative ), based upon whether a tissue test shows a mutation. EGFR positive patients with tumors harboring EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 associated with drug sensitivity (i.e., G719X, exon 19 deletion, L858R, L861Q) have shown an response rate up to 60% which exceeds the response rate for conventional chemotherapy.

Second generation small molecule TKIs have been designed as rsible EGFR inhibitors which bind irreversibly to EGFR, preferably to ne 773 of EGFR. iting examples include compounds disclosed in US. Pat. No. 6,002,008, US 7,019,012, US 6,251,912, WO 02/50043, , , WO 2008150118 fically the compound of Example 36, 1-(4-(4-(3,4-dichlorofluorophenylamino)methoxyquinazolin piperidinyl)propenone, or salts thereof formed with acidic additives as disclosed in WO 5793), EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-1033 (canertinib), WZ 3146, WZ 4002, WZ 8040 tures ofthe three WZ compounds disclosed by Wenjun Zhou et al.: Novel mutant-selective EGFR kinase inhibitors against EGFR T790M, in Nature 2009, Vol. 462, 1070-1074), BIBW 2992 or PF-00299804. BIBW 2992 nib) and PF-00299804 (dacomitinib) are most advanced second generation small molecule TKIs include, both in ed clinical development for treatment ofNSCLC.

More specifically, BIBW 2992, also referred to herein by it’s INN afatinib, is known as the compound chlorofluorophenyl)amino] {[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)- l -oxobuten— l - yl]amino} ((S)-tetrahydrofuranyloxy)-quinazoline, H CH N \ WWII 3 l / 0 CH3 N 9 preferably used as a maleate salt BIBW 2992 : maleic acid 1 : 2: BIBW 2992 is a potent irreversible and selective dual inhibitor of erbbl or (EGFR) and erbB2 (Her2/neu) and erbB4 (Her4) receptor tyrosine kinases which can be administered orally. Furthermore, BIBW 2992 was designed to covalently bind to EGFR and HER2 thereby irreversibly inactivating the receptor molecule it has bound to. This compound, salts thereof such as the dimaleate salt, their preparation as well as pharmaceutical formulations comprising BIBW 2992 or a salt f, indications to be treated with BIBW 2992 and combinations including BIBW 2992 are disclosed in WO 02/50043, , WO 2007/054550, , WO 2008034776 and WO 7238. 99804 is an oral irreversible pan-HER TKI, more specifically an inhibitor of the HERl, 2, and 4 tyrosine kinases. In preclinical studies, PF-00299804 has been shown to inhibit the ing in both wild-type and mutant EGFR, including forms ofNSCLC that are resistant to currently available EGFR inhibitors, such as erlotinib and gef1tinib. Preclinical findings suggest that PF-00299804 may be clinically effective t NSCLCs with EGFR or ERB-B2 mutations as well as those harboring the EGFR T790M mutation, which produces resistance to gefitinib and erlotinib (Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2010) 19(12): 1503-1514).

PF-00299804 (dacomitinib) is the compound N-[4-(3-chlorofluoro-phenylamino) methoxy-quinazolineyl]piperidinyl-acrylamide, disclosed in WO 2005107758 as Examples 2 and 3 with the following structure: F:I:::1\NH OCH3 Characteristics of EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357 and CI-1033 are hed, e.g. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 2009, 18(3), 293-301 provides a .

Development of EKB-569 for treatment ofNSCLC has been discontinued several years ago.

Others report that 2 can me T790M-mediated resistance only at suprapharmacologic concentrations (N. Godin-Heymann et al., The T790M “gatekeeper” mutation in EGFR mediates resistance to low concentrations of an irreversible EGFR inhibitor. Mol. Cancer Ther. 7, 2008:874—879). Remarkably, pment of HKI-272 for treatment C was discontinued after phase II trial showed that the compound had low activity in patients with prior t from TKIs and in TKI-naive patients, potentially because of insufficient ilability from diarrhea-imposed dose limitation (L. V. Sequist et al., J. Clin . Onc. 28 (18), 2010, 3076-3083). In contrast to encouraging preclinical results and high potency of HKI-272 these did not translate into clinical t, showing the low level of predictability in this field.

Despite initial response in NSCLC ts with EGFR mutations, acquired resistance develops after a median of approximately 12 months. The consensus definition of acquired resistance includes patients who had previous treatment with a single-agent EGFR-TKI (e. g., gefitinib or erlotinib); either or both of the ing: a tumor that harbors an EGFR mutation known to be ated with drug sensitivity (i.e., G719X, exon 19 deletion, L858R, L86lQ) or ive clinical benefit from treatment with an EGFR-TKI; systemic progression of disease ng RECIST criteria known in the art, while on continuous treatment with EGFR directed treatment for at least 24 weeks.

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) are described by P. se et al., J Natl Cancer Inst 2000, 92, 205-216; in J. Clin. Oncol. Vol 24, No. 20, 2006, pp 3245-3251; or by Eisenhauer EA, se P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, et al., New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 2009;45 :228-247. Monitoring tumor progression may be determined by comparison of tumor status between time points after treatment has commenced or by comparison of tumor status between a time point after treatment has commenced to a time point prior to tion tment. Tumor progression may be monitored during treatment visually, for example, by means of radiography, for example, X-ray, CT scan, or other ring methods known to the skilled artisan, including palpitation of the cancer or methods to r tumor biomarker levels.

In addition to the primary EGFR ons (associated with erlotinib and gef1tinib sensitivity), approximately half of the patients with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance have a second EGFR mutation (T790M) in the ATP-binding pocket of the tyrosine kinase that may alter receptor affinity in favor of ATP. These second mutations enable the cancer cells to ue signaling via mutant EGFR, suggesting that in a proportion of patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, tumor growth and proliferation remains dependent on EGFR.

The presence ofMET oncogene has been reported as a second sources of resistance (Jackman D, Pao W, Riely GJ, Engelman JA, Kris MG, Janne PA et al., Clinical definition of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer, J Clin Oncol 2010;28:357—60).

As of 2010 there was no al consensus of an accepted approach to overcome or prevent resistance nor regulatory al of a specific drug or drug combination in this setting.

There is a significant l need in the art for a actory treatment of cancer, and cally epithelial cell cancers such as lung, ovarian, breast, brain, colon and prostate cancers, which incorporates the benefits of EGFR targeted therapy and overcoming the non- responsiveness ted by patients’ cancers. Thus, the problem underlying the present invention is to ish an improved treatment of patients suffering from epithelial cell cancers, characterized by improved cy and ed or at least acceptable tolerability, including the following patient tions (a) TKI naive cancer patients, wherein the improvement includes prevention or delay of resistance to TKI treatment, (b) patients with tumors expressing the wild-type EGFR (described hereinbefore as EGFR"), (c) patients with tumors expressing mutated forms of the EGFR (described hereinbefore as EGFR+), (d) patients preViously d with EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the improvement es to overcome primary or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors, (e) patients with acquired ance to treatment with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the improvement includes to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) patient populations with primary or acquired resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the improvement includes to prevent/overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (h) patient tions with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the improvement includes to to prevent/overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

One approach to improve treatment options of NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib followed the concept of total receptor blockade by combining a TKI and an anti-EGFR mAB. This is summarized by S. Ramalingam et al., Journal of Thoracic Oncology Vol. 3, Number 3, March 2008, 258-265. The hypothesis was that by the combination it may be possible to achieve aneous vertical inhibition of EGFR and enhance abrogation of downstream activity. Residual EGFR activity after exposure to either class of inhibitor alone may allow cancer cells to remain viable, but simultaneous dual inhibition may cause apoptosis. Results in xenograft models support this hypothesis: a synergistic effect has been ed when cetuximab is administered in combination with erlotinib or gefitinib compared with treatment with either agent alone. Cetuximab has been shown to down-regulate EGFR on the cellular surface, potentially enhancing the sensitivity to TKIs. The conclusion was that the combination of cetuximab plus nib seems synergistic in terms of apoptotic activity in vitro, and results in additive tumor growth inhibition in vivo.

Nevertheless, the question is whether these primary results translate in clinical benefit. S.

Ramalingam et al. report the results of a phase I study carried out to determine the optimal doses of cetuximab and ib when administered as a combination for patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with platinum- based chemotherapy. ts with advanced/metastatic NSCLC treated with prior platinum- based chemotherapy received escalating doses of weekly cetuximab (100, 200, and 250 mg/mz, iv) and fixed doses of gefitinib (250 mg/d, PO) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The results ed show that the combination of cetuximab and ib can be safely administered but has only modest activity in advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Y. Y. Janjigian et al., Clin Cancer Res 201 1, 17: 2521-2527, report about a phase I/II trial of cetuximab and erlotinib enrolling 19 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and acquired ance to nib. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma and clinically defined acquired resistance to erlotinib were treated with erlotinib 100 mg daily, along with cetuximab every 2 weeks in three escalating dose cohorts (250 mg/mz, 375 mg/mz, and 500 mg/mz). The recommended phase II dose was then evaluated in a two-stage trial, with a primary end point of objective se rate. The recommended phase II dose identified was cetuximab 500 mg/m2 every 2 weeks and erlotinib 100 mg daily. At this dose and schedule, no radiographic responses were seen. In fact, combined EGFR inhibition, with cetuximab 500 mg/m2 every 2 weeks and erlotinib 100 mg daily, had no significant activity in ts with acquired ance to erlotinib. During the phase II portion of the trial serious tolerability issues occured. Common grade 2, 3 and 4 ties were rash (13 patients, 68%), fatigue (12 ts, 63%) and hypomagnesemia (14 ts, 74%). 31 % (6 of 19 patients) discontinued treatment due to rable rash.

Both, S. Ramalingam et al. and Y. Y. ian et al., report clinical results obtained with the combination of cetuximab with a reversible (first generation) TKI. In contrast, L. Regales et al., J. Clin. . 119 (10), 2009: 3000-3010, report results obtained with the irrreversible (second generation) TKI BIBW 2992 in transgenic mouse lung tumor models that p lung adenocarcinomas driven by EGFRL858R (sensitive to erlotinib), EGFRT790M (resistant to erlotinib), or EGFRL858R+T790M (resistant to erlotinib) with a focus to evaluate strategies to overcome the most common EGFR TKI resistance mutation, T790M. Other agents mentioned in the investigation were HKI-272 (neratinib) and PF-00299804, but without reporting results. The rationale behind was that preclinical studies published by others (E. L.

Kwak, et a1., Irreversible inhibitors of the EGF receptor may circumvent acquired resistance to gefitinib. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:7665—7670; T. A. Carter et a1., Inhibition of esistant mutants of ABL, KIT and EGF receptor kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad.

Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:11011—11016) suggested that second-generation irreversible EGFR tors may be able to me T790M-mediated ance, at least in vitro. Mice bearing tumors ing EGFR mutations were treated with a variety of anticancer , including the irreversible EGFR TKI BIBW 2992 and the EGFR-specific antibody cetuximab.

It was found that only the combination of both agents er induced dramatic shrinkage of erlotinib-resistant tumors harboring the T790M mutation.

An open label phase I clinical trial of continuous once daily oral treatment using BIBW 2992 in combination with cetuximab with the primary objective to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 11 doses in patients with NSCLC and acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib was disclosed in ClinicalTrials.gov at the priority filing date of the subject patent application, identifier NCT01090011, including the history of changes available via a link to ClinicalTrials.gov archive site .The following qualitative information about the administration regimen was publicly available: 0 patients to receive medium BIBW 2992 once daily plus biweekly cetuximab infilsion at low, median and high dose level  BIBW 2992 medium dose plus three dose levels (low, medium and high) of cetuximab.

Results or absolute dosages were not disclosed.

Summary of the Invention According to a first aspect of the present ion there is provided use of: an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) selected from the group consisting of EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-1033, BIBW 2992, PF-00299804 1-(4-(4-(3,4-dichloro fluorophenylamino)methoxyquinazolinyloxy)piperidinyl)propenone, WZ 3146, WZ 4002, and WZ 8040, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; for preparation of a ment for treating of a human patient suffering from a cancer driven by deregulated Human mal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR) selected from the group consisting of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal , gastric cancer, renal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate , ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastatic forms thereof; n the medicament is for use in combination with a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB) selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, matuzumab and necitumumab; wherein the treating comprises administering the TKI ing to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and nistering the mAB according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly.

According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided use of: an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) selected from the group consisting of EKB-569 inib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-1033, BIBW 2992, PF-00299804 1-(4-(4-(3,4-dichloro fluorophenylamino)methoxyquinazolinyloxy)piperidinyl)propenone, WZ 3146, WZ 4002, and WZ 8040, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f; and a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB) selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, zumab, matuzumab and necitumumab; for preparation of a medicament for ng of a human patient suffering from a cancer driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR) selected from the group consisting of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck us cell carcinoma (HNSCC), malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal , (10177874_1):RTK al cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC), ing metastatic forms thereof; wherein the treating comprises administering the TKI according to a uous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and inistering the mAB according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly.

A first object of the present invention is a method of treating patients suffering from cancers driven by lated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR) sing administering to a patient in need of such ent a flexible and active regimen for combining an irreversible ne kinase inhibitor (TKI) and a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB), wherein in this method the TKI is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and the mAB is co-administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly.

A second object of the invention is a ceutical kit, comprising a first compartment which comprises an effective amount of a Human EGFR targeted mAB and a second compartment which comprises an effective amount of an irreversible TKI.

A third object of the invention is an irreversible TKI for use in a method of treatment of a patient ing from a cancer driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR) by coadministration with a Human EGFR targeted mAB , wherein the TKI is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and the mAB is co-administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly to a patient in need of such treatment.

A fourth object of the invention is the use of an irreversible TKI for preparation of a pharmaceutical kit for ent of patients suffering from cancers driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR), comprising a first compartment which comprises an effective amount of a Human EGFR targeted mAB and a (10410632_1):RTK second compartment which comprises an ive amount of an irreversible TKI, wherein the TKI is to be stered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and the mAB is to be co-administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly to a patient in need of such treatment.

Detailed Description of the Invention Supported by clinical results it has surprisingly been found that the combination of an irreversible TKI with Human EGFR targeted mAB has significantly more activity than may have been expected, based on the results reported in the prior art, i.e. that dual targeting of gef1tinib/cetuximab or erlotinib/cetuximab is not active for treatment of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and acquired ance to reversible TKIs, as well as in view of the low tolerability reported for such ations or based on preclinical data.

The irreversible TKI and the mAB can be combined with good tolerability at the recommended doses of the individual drugs — which was not expected in view of the low activity and tolerability of the gef1tinib/cetuximab or erlotinib/cetuximab combination reported by S. Ramalingam et al., l of Thoracic Oncology Vol. 3, Number 3, March 2008, 258-265 and by Y. Y. Janjigian et al., Clin Cancer Res 2011, 17: 2521-2527, summarized hereinbefore. al trial data support that the the activity of the combinations according to the invention is NOT restricted to T790M mediated resistance to TKI treatment, i.e. not only overcomes T790M mediated +: tumor harboring T790M) acquired resistance to TKI treatment but also ed resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-: tumor not harboring T790M), e.g. acquired resistance caused by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by n origin. There is no evidence in the prior art ting that this may be the case.

These findings suggest that the combination treatment according to the invention has the potential for significant improvement of the therapeutic index for EGFR directed treatments of s driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HENHuman EGFR), e.g. epithelial cell s. Any of these findings are supported by clinical results obained with the combination ofBIBW 2992 with cetuximab.

Patients suffering from cancers driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor man EGFR) include, without limitation, patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal , cervical cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastatic forms thereof Preferred indications are NSCLC and HNSCC, especially NSCLC. rmore, patients having one of cancer indications specified hereinbefore which may advantageously be treated by the method of the ion include the following patient populations: (a) TKI naive cancer patients, wherein the treatment provides prevention or delay of resistance to TKI treatment, (b) patients with tumors expressing the wild-type EGFR, (c) patients with tumors expressing d forms ofthe EGFR, (d) patients previously treated with EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the treatment provides to overcome primary or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors (e) patients with ed resistance to treatment with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, tinib or others wherein the treatment provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) patient populations with primary or acquired ance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the i treatment provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (h) patient populations with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M -), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the ent provides to t or overcome resistance to TKI treatment. 2012/059098 Preferably, the following patient populations having one of the cancer indications specified hereinbefore may advantageously be treated by the method ofthe invention: (c) ts with tumors expressing mutated forms of the EGFR (EGFRl), (d) patients preViously treated with EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the ent provides to overcome primary or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors, (e) ts with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or others, wherein the treatment provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) patient populations with primary or acquired resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the treatment provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (h) patient populations with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the treatment provides to t/overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

More preferred, the following patient populations haVing one of the cancer indications specified hereinbefore may advantageously be treated by the method ofthe invention: (c) patients with tumors harboring EGFR mutations in exons l9 and 21 associated with drug sensitivity (i.e., G7l9X, exon 19 deletion, L858R, L861Q), (e) patients with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or , wherein the treatment provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) patient populations with primary or acquired resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), n the treatment provides to prevent or overcome ance to TKI treatment, (h) patient populations with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the ent provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

Most preferred, the following patient population haVing one of the cancer tions specified before may advantageously be treated by the method ofthe invention: (h) patient tions with y or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the treatment provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

Particularly preferred, the following patient population having one of the cancer indications specified hereinbefore may advantageously be treated by the method ofthe invention: (h') t tions with acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the treatment provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

Irreversible TKIs suitable with regard to any aspects of the invention include, without limitation, EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 inib), HKI-357, CI-1033, BIBW 2992 or PF- 00299804, and any salts, preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates thereof, including rphs. Preferred TKIs are BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804. Most preferred is BIBW 2992.

As a fiarther alternative irreversible TKIs suitable with regard to any aspects of the invention include l-(4-(4-(3,4-dichlorofluorophenylamino)methoxyquinazolinyloxy)piperidin- l-yl)propen-l-one, WZ 3146, WZ 4002, WZ 8040, and any salts, preferably pharmaceutically able salts, hydrates or solvates thereof, including polymorphs.

MABs suitable with regard to any aspects of the invention include, t limitation, cetuximab, panitumumab, mumab, zumab, and matuzumab. Preferred mABs are cetuximab and panitumumab. Most preferred is cetuximab. A fiarther mABs suitable with regard to any aspects of the invention is mumab.

Any of the irreversible TKIs and any of the mABs mentioned in the context of the invention may be combined with each other with regard to the specified aspects of the invention.

Specific combinations suitable with regard to all aspects of the invention are EKB-569 / cetuximab, 9 / mumab, EKB-569 / zalutumumab, EKB-569 / nimotuzumab, EKB-S69 / matuzumab, 2012/059098 HKI-272 / cetuximab, HKI-272 / panitumumab, HKI-272 / zalutumumab, HKI-272 / zumab, HKI-272 / matuzumab, HKI-272 / necitumumab, HKI-357 / cetuximab, 7 / panitumumab, HKI-357 / zalutumumab, HKI-357 / nimotuzumab, HKI-357 / matuzumab, CI-1033 / cetuximab, CI-1033 / panitumumab, CI-1033 / zalutumumab, CI-1033 / nimotuzumab, CI- 1 033 / matuzumab, BIBW 2992 / cetuximab, BIBW 2992 / panitumumab, BIBW 2992 / zalutumumab, BIBW 2992 / nimotuzumab, BIBW 2992 / matuzumab, BIBW 2992 / necitumumab, PF-00299804 / cetuXimab, PF-00299804 / panitumumab, 99804 / zalutumumab, PF- 00299804 / nimotuzumab, PF-00299804 / mumab,, and PF-00299804 / matuzumab. red combinations of the irreversible TKIs and the mABs suitable with regard to all aspects of the invention are 2 / cetuximab, HKI-272 / panitumumab, HKI-272 / zalutumumab, HKI-272 / nimotuzumab, HKI-272 / matuzumab, BIBW 2992 / cetuximab, BIBW 2992 / panitumumab, BIBW 2992 / zalutumumab, BIBW 2992 / nimotuzumab, BIBW 2992 / mab, PF-00299804 / cetuXimab, PF-00299804 / panitumumab, PF-00299804 / zalutumumab, PF- 00299804 / nimotuzumab, and PF-00299804 / matuzumab.

More preferred combinations of the irreversible TKIs and the mABs suitable with regard to all aspects of the invention are HKI-272 / cetuximab, HKI-272 / panitumumab, BIBW 2992 / cetuximab, BIBW 2992 / panitumumab, PF-00299804 / cetuximab, and 99804 / panitumumab.

Most preferred combinations ofthe irreversible TKIs and the mABs suitable with regard to all aspects of the invention are BIBW 2992 / cetuximab, BIBW 2992 / mumab, PF-00299804 / cetuximab, and PF-00299804 / panitumumab, specifically preferred is BIBW 2992 / cetuximab. 2012/059098 -l6- The expressions ntion", "prophylaxis", "prophylactic treatmen " or "preventive treatment" used herein should be understood synonymous and in the sense that the risk to develop a condition mentioned herein is reduced. The expression "prevention or delay of resistance" or "to overcome resistance" in the context of the invention means that development of ance to TKI treatment is either avoided or onset of resistance is delayed or already existing (primary or acquired) resistance is me by the combination treatment regimen of the invention, ed statistically by d nce or later onset of resistance within a first patient population treated with a combination treatment regimen according to the invention, in comparison to an equivalent second patient population receiving parallel treatment but without the Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody component.

Resistance to TKI or EGFR inhibitor treatment means that the patient does not show a response to the treatment. This includes primary resistance of TKI naive patients when treated for the first time with a TKI, and acquired resistance of patients g response under TKI treatment for a certain period oftime but then progression of the disease again.

Furthermore, prevention or delay of resistance to TKI treatment means that the patients of the first patient population show response under the ation treatment regimen according to the invention either continuously or for a longer period of time, compared to the second patient population. Treatment response and progression of the disease are evaluated under the criteria laid down in the revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 2009;45:228- 247 mentioned hereinbefore.

A preferred embodiment of the first object of the present invention is a method of treating patients suffering from NSCLC, HNSCC, malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, al , te cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer or CRC, including metastatic forms thereof, wherein in this method a TKI selected from the group consisting of EKB-569, HKI-272, HKI-357, 3, BIBW 2992 and 99804, or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof, is stered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and a mAB selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab and matuzumab is co-administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly to (c) a patient with a tumor expressing mutated forms of the EGFR, or (d) a patient previously treated with EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib afatinib, tinib or others wherein the method provides to overcome primary or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors, (e) a patient with acquired resistance to ent with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, tinib or others wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) a patient with primary or ed resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET ne or by unknown origin, n the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

A fiarther preferred embodiment of the first object of the present invention is a method of treating patients ing from NSCLC, HNSCC, malignant glioma, breast cancer or CRC, including metastatic forms thereof, wherein in this method a TKI selected from the group consisting of HKI-272, BIBW 2992 and 99804, (BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 being especially preferred), or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof, is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and a mAB ed from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab, is co- administered ing to a dosing n ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week or once in two weeks to (c) a patient with a tumor harboring EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 associated with drug sensitivity (i.e., G719X, exon 19 deletion, L858R, L861Q), or (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, ib, dacomitinib or others n the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) a patient with primary/acquired ance caused by T790M +), wherein the method provides to prevent or me resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

A fiarther preferred embodiment of the first object of the present invention is a method of treating patients suffering from NSCLC or HNSCC, including metastatic forms thereof, wherein in this method a TKI selected from the group consisting of BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 (BIBW 2992 being especially preferred), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and a mAB selected from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab (cetuximab being especially preferred), is co-administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an e weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 ed twice or once a week or once in two weeks to (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or others, wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) a patient with primary or acquired resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M -), e. g. by other isms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to tor overcome resistance to TKI ent.

A fiarther preferred embodiment of the first object of the present invention is a method of treating patients suffering from NSCLC, including metastatic forms f, wherein in this method BIBW 2992, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and cetuXimab is is inistered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week to (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by n origin, wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, but most preferably to (h') a patient with acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e.g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method es to overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

A first preferred embodiment of the second object of the ion is a pharmaceutical kit, wherein the second compartment comprises an effective amount of a TKI selected from the group consisting of EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-lO33, BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof A second preferred embodiment of the second object of the invention is a pharmaceutical kit, wherein the second compartment comprises an effective amount of a mAB selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab and matuzumab.

A second preferred embodiment of the second object of the invention is a pharmaceutical kit, wherein the second compartment comprises an effective amount of a mAB selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, mumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab and matuzumab.

A third preferred embodiment of the second object of the invention is a pharmaceutical kit, comprising a first compartment which comprises an ive amount of a mAB selected from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab, and a second compartment which comprises an effective amount of a TKI selected from the group consisting of HKI-272, BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804, (BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 being especially red), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof A fourth preferred embodiment of the second object of the invention is a pharmaceutical kit, comprising a first tment which ses an effective amount of a mAB selected from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab (cetuximab being especially preferred), and a second compartment which comprises an effective amount of a TKI selected from the group consisting of BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 (BIBW 2992 being especially preferred), or a ceutically acceptable salt thereof A fivth preferred embodiment of the second object of the invention is a pharmaceutical kit, comprising a first compartment which comprises an effective amount of cetuximab, and a second compartment which comprises an effective amount of BIBW 2992, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f A first preferred ment ofthe third object of the invention is an irreversible TKI for use in a method of treatment of a t suffering from NSCLC, HNSCC, ant , breast , esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer or CRC, including metastatic forms thereof, by coadministration with a Human EGFR targeted mAB, wherein the TKI is selected from the group consisting of EKB-569, HKI-272, HKI-357, CI-lO33, BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg, and the mAB is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab and matuzumab and is co-administered according to a dosing regimen g from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly to (c) a patient with a tumor expressing d forms of the EGFR, or (d) a patient previously treated with EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib or erlotinib afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the method es to overcome primary or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors, (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, ib, dacomitinib or others wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI ent, (g) a patient with primary or acquired resistance caused by T790M +), wherein the method provides to t or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

A second preferred embodiment of the third object of the invention is an irreversible TKI for use in a method of treatment of a patient suffering from NSCLC, HNSCC, malignant glioma, breast cancer or CRC, ing atic forms thereof, wherein in this method the TKI is selected from the group consisting of HKI-272, BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804, (BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 being especially red), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg, and the mAB is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab, and is co- administered according to a dosing regimen g from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week or once in two weeks to (c) a patient with a tumor harboring EGFR mutations in exons l9 and 21 associated with drug sensitivity (i.e., G7l9X, exon 19 deletion, L858R, L86lQ), or (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) a t with primary/acquired resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the method es to prevent or overcome ance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, n the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

A third preferred embodiment of the third object of the invention is an irreversible TKI for use in a method of treatment of a patient suffering from NSCLC or HNSCC, including metastatic forms f, wherein in this method the TKI is selected from the group consisting of BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 (BIBW 2992 being especially red), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg, and the mAB is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab (cetuximab being especially preferred), and is co-administered ing to a dosing n ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week or once in two weeks to 2012/059098 (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or others, wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) a patient with primary or ed resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET ne or by n origin, wherein the method provides to preventor overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

A fourth preferred embodiment of the third object of the invention is an irreversible TKI for use in a method of treatment of a patient suffering from NSCLC, including metastatic forms thereof, wherein in this method the TKI is BIBW 2992, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, and is stered according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg, and the mAB is cetuximab and is co-administered ing to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week to (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, but most preferably to (h') a t with acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e.g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

In a first preferred embodiment of the fourth object of the invention the rsible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is selected from the group consisting of EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-lO33, BIBW 2992 and 99804 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof In a second preferred embodiment of the fourth object of the invention the Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB) is selected from the group ting of mab, panitumumab, mumab, nimotuzumab, and matuzumab.

In a third preferred embodiment of the fourth object of the invention the cancer is selected from the group consisting of NSCLC, HNSCC, malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric , renal , cervical cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic , cellular cancer and CRC, including metastatic forms f, the TKI is selected from the group consisting of EKB-569, HKI-272, HKI-357, CI-lO33, BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, zumab and matuzumab , and the patient is (c) a patient with a tumor expressing mutated forms of the EGFR, or (d) a patient previously treated with EGFR inhibitors, such as ib or erlotinib afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the method provides to overcome primary or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors, (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) a patient with primary or ed resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

In a fourth preferred embodiment of the fourth object of the invention the cancer is selected from the group consisting of NSCLC, HNSCC, malignant glioma, breast cancer and CRC, including atic forms thereof, the TKI is ed from the group ting of 2, BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804, (BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 being especially preferred), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is ed from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab, and is co- administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week or once in two weeks to, and the patient is (c) a patient with a tumor harboring EGFR mutations in exons l9 and 21 associated with drug sensitivity (i.e., G7l9X, exon 19 deletion, L858R, L86lQ), or (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or others wherein the method provides to overcome ance to TKI treatment, (g) a patient with primary/acquired resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

In a f1vth preferred embodiment of the fourth object of the ion the cancer is selected from the group consisting ofNSCLC or HNSCC, including metastatic forms thereof, the TKI is selected from the group consisting of BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 (BIBW 2992 being especially red), or a ceutically acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is selected from the group consisting of mab and panitumumab (cetuXimab being especially preferred), and the t is (e) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib or , wherein the method provides to overcome resistance to TKI treatment, (g) a t with primary or acquired resistance caused by T790M (T790M+), wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, or (h) a patient with primary or acquired ance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to preventor overcome resistance to TKI treatment.

In a sixth preferred embodiment of the fourth object of the invention the cancer is NSCLC, including metastatic forms thereof, the TKI is BIBW 2992, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is cetuximab and is co-administered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an e weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week to (h) a patient with primary or acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e. g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to prevent or overcome resistance to TKI treatment, In a seventh preferred ment ofthe fourth object of the invention (h') the patient has acquired resistance not caused by T790M (T790M-), e.g. by other mechanisms such as MET oncogene or by unknown origin, wherein the method provides to me resistance to TKI treatment.

Dosages / irreversible TKI: Dosage forms of the irreversible TKIs are either available on the market or described in publications. According to any aspect of the invention the TKI, e.g. BIBW 2992, is administered in a total e daily dose of 10 to 50 mg, e.g. in a total average daily dose selected from 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 mg, optionally divided into multiple doses, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 doses to be administered through the day. Preferably the TKI is administered orally only once a time per day, but alternative routes of administration may be applied.

Dosages / mABs: Dosage forms of the mABs also are either available on the market or described in publications. According to any aspect of the invention e weekly iv doses of 50 to 500 mg/mz, e.g. 50, 75, 100, 200, 250, 300, 350, 375, 400, 425, 450, 475 and 500 mg/m2 ofthe mAB component, e. g. cetuximab or panitumumab, may be applied in the regimen ned in the context of the invention.

Based on body weight single iv doses of1 to 15 mg/kg, e.g. 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, , 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5 or 15 mg/kg ofthe mAB component, e. g. cetuximab or mumab, may be applied in the regimen ned in the context of the invention. Based on a 70 kg adult patient this results in 70 to 1050 mg range for a single dose.

However, it may optionally be necessary to deviate from the dosage amounts specified for the TKI and /or the mAB component, within the limitations set, depending on the body weight or method of administration, the individual response to the medication, the nature of the formulation used and the time or interval over which it is administered. When dosages at the high end are stered it may be advisable to spread them over the day in a number of single doses.

Instructionfor coadmz'nz'stratz'on.‘ Instructions for coadministration may be in any form suitable for pharmaceuticals, e.g. in form of a leaflet added to the dosage form within secondary ing or an imprint on the primary or secondary packaging.

The following Example serve to illustrate the invention t restricting it: e 1: Activity and tolerability of afatinib (BIBW 2992; A) and cetuximab (C) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acquired resistance to erlotinib (E) or gefitinib (G) calTrials.gov identifier: NCT01090011) Background: Despite initial responses to reversible EGFR-TKIs e.g. E or G, all NSCLC patients with EGFR sensitizing mutations experience e progression. This “acquired resistance” (AR) is associated with a second site exon 20 EGFR T790M mutation (M) in over half of cases. So far, no therapy, including the anti-EGFR antibody C plus E, has proven effective in treating AR (Janjigian YY. Clin Cancer Res; Epub Jan 201 l). Preclinical data suggest that A, a potent irreversible inhibitor of the ErbB receptor family, is active in M cell lines. Combined EGFR targeting with A and C has induced near complete responses in T790M transgenic murine models. This is the first clinical study to assess safety and preliminary efficacy of this ation in NSCLC patients.

Methods: NSCLC patients with clinically defined AR (Jackman D. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:357) received oral A 40 mg daily with escalating dose cohorts of biweekly C at 250 and 500 mg/mz. Patients receiving the ended phase 2 dose (RP2D) were evaluated for objective response. Acquisition oftumor tissue at or after emergence ofAR was mandated.

Results: Of 26 treated patients, 22 received the fined maximum dose = RP2D: A 40 mg + C 500 mg/ m2. Median time on E or G at study entry was 2.4 years. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed.. The common adverse events (AE) were rash (83%) and diarrhea (62%). 3 (6.4%) ts had grade 3 rash and 2 (4.3%) ts had grade 3 diarrhea. Disease control was observed in all patients enrolled at RP2D (tumor size reduction up to 76%, treatment duration up to 5+ ). Confirmed partial responses (PRs) were seen in 12/32 (38%) evaluable patients, ing 10/17 (59%) and 6/55 (14%) not (yet) confirmed PRs in T790M+ and T790M — NSCLC, respectively.

Overall s regarding tolerability (adverse events) and treatment response are summarized in tables 1 and 2.

Conclusions: ed EGFR targeting with A and C is tolerable at the RP2D. Mild to moderate diarrhae and skin adverse events are manageable. Disease control was observed in all patients enrolled at RP2D. EGFRmut+ NSCLC with AR to nib and gefitinib continues to depend on EGFR signaling. A in ation with C overcomes acquired resistance to prior erlotinib / gefitinib. The clinical activity is not restricted to T790M mediated acquired resistance.

Table l: Rash/Acne and Diarrhae Adverse Events (AE) Summary Rasfihmcne Ali grade-s Diarrhea, All grades 29 (61.7)? 311160.83 Rachmcne. Grade 3 Diarrhea, Grade 3 nib 40 + 250 and 40 + 500 CetuX refers to the dosing regimen of Afatinib and Cetuximab, see Methods; 4(lO0.0) means 4 patients (100%)).

Table 2: Treatment Response by EGFR Mutation for patients at MTD (maximum tolerated dose) "rota! Treated 17 11 32 0'“ [(4%)] FR [N(%)] 10 (59%) 6 (55%) N03) 2 (100%) 18(56%) FR [M(%)] 6(35%) 4 (36%) (1(0) 2 (100%) 1‘2 (38%) confirmed 5D [N(‘%_)] 7 (41.2) 4 (36.4) 2 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 13 (40.6) (”D [WW] PR: l response SD: stable disease PD: progressing disease N: number ofpatients T790M--: T790M positive patients T790M--: T790M negative patients

Claims (8)

WE CLAIM:

1. Use of an irreversible tyrosine kinase tor (TKI) selected from the group ting of EKB-569 inib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-1033, BIBW 2992, PF- 00299804 1-(4-(4-(3,4-dichlorofluorophenylamino)methoxyquinazolin yloxy)piperidinyl)propenone, WZ 3146, WZ 4002, and WZ 8040, or a ceutically able salt f, for preparation of a medicament for treating of a human patient suffering from a cancer driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human EGFR) selected from the group consisting of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, cervical , prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastatic forms thereof, wherein the medicament is for use in combination with a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB) selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, zumab, matuzumab and mumab, wherein the treating comprises administering the TKI according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and co-administering the mAB ing to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once monthly.

2. Use of an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) selected from the group consisting of EKB-569 (pelitinib), HKI-272 (neratinib), HKI-357, CI-1033, BIBW 2992, PF-00299804 1- (4-(4-(3,4-dichlorofluorophenylamino)methoxyquinazolinyloxy)piperidinyl)prop- 2-enone, WZ 3146, WZ 4002, and WZ 8040, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f, a Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB) selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, matuzumab and necitumumab, for preparation of a medicament for treating of a human patient suffering from a cancer driven by deregulated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER/Human (10177874_1):RTK [Link] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalutumumab [Link] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimotuzumab [Link] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matuzumab EGFR) selected from the group consisting of all cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), malignant glioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastatic forms thereof, wherein the treating comprises administering the TKI according to a continuous regimen based on an average daily dose in the range of 10 to 50 mg and co-administering the mAB according to a dosing regimen ranging from an e weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated thrice, twice or once a week, once in two weeks, once in three weeks or at least once y.

3. The use of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the TKI is selected from the group consisting of EKB-569, HKI-272, HKI-357, CI- 1033, BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab, panitumumab, zalutumumab, nimotuzumab and matuzumab, and the patient is (a) a patient with a tumor expressing mutated forms of the EGFR, or (b) a patient usly treated with EGFR inhibitors, or (c) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs, or (d) a patient with primary or acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs caused by T790M +), or (e) a patient with primary or acquired ance to treatment with TKIs not caused by T790M (T790M-).

4. The use of claim 1 or claim 2, n the cancer is selected from the group consisting of NSCLC, HNSCC, malignant glioma, breast cancer or CRC, including metastatic forms the TKI is selected from the group consisting of HKI-272, BIBW 2992 and PF- 04, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab and mumab, coadministered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 ed twice or once a week or once in two weeks, and the patient is (10177874_1):RTK (a) a patient with a tumor harboring EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 associated with drug sensitivity, or (b) a patient with acquired ance to treatment with TKIs, or (c) a patient with primary or acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs caused by T790M (T790M+), or (d) a patient with primary or ed resistance to treatment with TKIs not caused by T790M (T790M-).

5. The use of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of NSCLC or HNSCC, including metastatic forms thereof, the TKI is selected from the group consisting of BIBW 2992 and PF-00299804 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is selected from the group consisting of cetuximab and panitumumab, coadministered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an average weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 ed twice or once a week or once in two weeks, and the patient is (a) a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs, or (b) a patient with primary or acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs caused by T790M (T790M+), or (c) a patient with primary or acquired ance to treatment with TKIs not caused by T790M (T790M-).

6. The use of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the cancer is NSCLC, including metastatic forms thereof, the TKI is BIBW 2992, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, the mAB is cetuximab, inistered according to a dosing regimen ranging from an e weekly iv dose of 50 to 500 mg/m2 repeated twice or once a week, and the patient is a patient with y or acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs not caused by T790M (T790M-).

7. The use of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cancer is NSCLC, including metastatic forms thereof, and the t is a patient with acquired resistance to treatment with TKIs not caused by T790M -). (10177874_1):RTK

8. The use of claim 2, wherein the medicament is in the form of a pharmaceutical kit, said pharmaceutical kit comprising: a first compartment which comprises an ive amount of the Human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB), and a second compartment which comprises an effective amount of the irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).