NO332688B1 - LNG stock - Google Patents
LNG stock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO332688B1 NO332688B1 NO20060272A NO20060272A NO332688B1 NO 332688 B1 NO332688 B1 NO 332688B1 NO 20060272 A NO20060272 A NO 20060272A NO 20060272 A NO20060272 A NO 20060272A NO 332688 B1 NO332688 B1 NO 332688B1
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- storage
- cavity
- gas
- storage facilities
- Prior art date
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005332 obsidian Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/005—Underground or underwater containers or vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0176—Shape variable
- F17C2201/0185—Shape variable with separating membrane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
- F17C2203/0379—Inert
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0614—Single wall
- F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0678—Concrete
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
- F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
- F17C2270/0149—Type of cavity by digging cavities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
- F17C2270/0157—Location of cavity
- F17C2270/016—Location of cavity onshore
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
- F17C2270/0157—Location of cavity
- F17C2270/0163—Location of cavity offshore
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Lagringsanlegg for flytende gass, spesielt flytende naturgass (LNG), som innbefatter minst en tank (1) med sidevegger (2) og bunn (3)/tak(7) for lagring av væsken og organer som for eksempel rør og pumper for å sirkulere og/eller for å fylle og tømme tanken. Lagertanken (1) befinner seg i et hulrom (4) i bakken, fortrinnsvis i fast fjell (6) under grunnvannstanden (5), slik at en inert gass, fortrinnsvis N2, er til stede i hulrommet (4) rundt tanken og med kontrollerbart trykk som fortrinnsvis holdes litt over damptrykket til den flytende gassen i tanken. Taket (7) kan lages av en vertikalt bevegelig avstengning (7) avhengig av fyllingsnivået for LNG i tanken. Avstengningen (7) kan i sin tur lages av ett eller flere flytende elementer (8) som danner et fleksibelt flytende "teppe", som flyter på væsken i tanken og er forsynt med en tetning (9) mellom teppet og veggene til tanken (2).Liquid gas storage facilities, especially liquefied natural gas (LNG), which includes at least one tank (1) with side walls (2) and bottom (3) / roof (7) for storing the liquid and organs such as pipes and pumps for circulating and / or to fill and empty the tank. The storage tank (1) is located in a cavity (4) in the ground, preferably in solid rock (6) below the groundwater level (5), so that an inert gas, preferably N2, is present in the cavity (4) around the tank and with controllable pressure which is preferably kept slightly above the vapor pressure of the liquid gas in the tank. The roof (7) can be made of a vertically movable shut-off (7) depending on the filling level of the LNG in the tank. The closure (7) can in turn be made of one or more floating elements (8) forming a flexible liquid "blanket" which flows on the liquid in the tank and is provided with a seal (9) between the carpet and the walls of the tank (2). ).
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et lagringsanlegg for flytende gass, spesielt flytende naturgass (LNG), som innbefatter minst én tank for lagring av væsken og midler som for eksempel rør og pumper for sirkulasjon og/eller fylling og tømming av tanken. The present invention relates to a storage facility for liquefied gas, in particular liquefied natural gas (LNG), which includes at least one tank for storing the liquid and means such as pipes and pumps for circulation and/or filling and emptying the tank.
Sammen med olje og vann er gass normalt en bestanddel i større eller mindre mengder ved produksjon (utvinning) av hydrokarboner fra reservoarer under jordas overflate, og noen brønner kan produsere mest gass med innhold av vann og mindre mengder gasskondensat. Along with oil and water, gas is normally a component in larger or smaller quantities in the production (extraction) of hydrocarbons from reservoirs below the earth's surface, and some wells can produce most gas with water content and smaller amounts of gas condensate.
Et LNG-anlegg omdanner gassen til væske i en kjøle- og tørkeprosess og den flytende gassen lagres i egnede lagertanker før den fraktes eller transporteres til forbrukerne med andre transportmidler. LNG-lagertankene befinner seg normalt over bakken i åpent lende, men det er også noen få fraktterminaler som har underjordiske lagringsanlegg for avkjølte flytende hydrokarboner som LNG og LPG. An LNG plant converts the gas into liquid in a cooling and drying process and the liquefied gas is stored in suitable storage tanks before it is transported or transported to consumers by other means of transport. The LNG storage tanks are normally located above ground in open ground, but there are also a few shipping terminals that have underground storage facilities for cooled liquid hydrocarbons such as LNG and LPG.
Over hele verden er det kjent et antall LNG-terminaler med lagringsanlegg over jorda, noen av dem under bygging. Ett eksempel er lagringsanlegget på Snøhvit-terminalen i Nord-Norge der bygningene for lagertankene med yttervegger av betong er bygd ved glideforskaling, er foret på innsida med et gasstett lag nikkelstål og forsynt med en innertank atskilt fra ytterveggene med et lag perlitt, en variant av vulkansk obsidian som egner seg for isolasjon, En slik lagringsløsning for LNG er både svært komplisert å bygge og svært dyr, foruten at risikoen for lekkasje og eksplosjon er stor. All over the world, a number of LNG terminals with above-ground storage facilities are known, some of them under construction. One example is the storage facility at the Snøhvit terminal in northern Norway, where the buildings for the storage tanks with concrete outer walls are built by sliding formwork, lined on the inside with a gas-tight layer of nickel steel and provided with an inner tank separated from the outer walls by a layer of perlite, a variant of volcanic obsidian which is suitable for insulation, Such a storage solution for LNG is both very complicated to build and very expensive, besides the risk of leakage and explosion is great.
Av sikkerhetsgrunner er underjordiske lagringsanlegg å foretrekke. Det finnes alltid en risiko for eksplosjon/brann ved lagring av LNG. For safety reasons, underground storage facilities are preferable. There is always a risk of explosion/fire when storing LNG.
På grunn av de store mengdene brannfarlig væske i lagertanker kreves det et innkapslingssystem for LNG for å kontrollere eventuelt spill. Lagring av LNG inne i et hulrom vil redusere risikoen for drifts- og vedlikeholdspersonellet på LNG-anlegget. Hulrommet vil også gi beskyttelse mot risikofaktorer som terroristangrep for eksempel. Fordi LNG krever lav lagringstemperatur (omtrent -1600C ved atmosfæriske forhold), er det nødvendig med et isolasjonssystem for å redusere risikoen med sprekker i fjellformasjonen som vil føre til at det strømmer inn vann i hulrommet. Due to the large quantities of flammable liquid in storage tanks, a containment system for LNG is required to control any spillage. Storing LNG inside a cavity will reduce the risk for the operation and maintenance personnel at the LNG plant. The cavity will also provide protection against risk factors such as terrorist attacks, for example. Because LNG requires a low storage temperature (approximately -1600C at atmospheric conditions), an isolation system is required to reduce the risk of cracks in the rock formation that will cause water to flow into the cavity.
Det japanske selskapet Tokyo Gas har publisert forskjellige løsninger som dreier seg om lagertankløsninger over og nede i bakken på internett. Løsningen nede i bakken utgjør en sikrere installasjon siden lagertanken som sådan er lagt i bakken og bare The Japanese company Tokyo Gas has published various solutions relating to storage tank solutions above and below ground on the internet. The underground solution is a safer installation since the storage tank as such is placed in the ground and only
toppen (taket) på tanken er synlig. Som lagertanken over jorda lages løsningen i bakken med en sylindrisk forsterket veggkonstruksjon på innsida med en formisolasjon av KFK fri stiv polyuretan og en indre membran i rustfritt stål. Toppen av tanken er forsynt med et forsterket tankdeksel på et stivt ståltak med opphengt dekke og isolasjon av glassull. Veggene på utsiden og bunnen av lagertanken er også forsynt med oppvarmings-organer for å unngå isdannelse. Siden gassen lagres ved atmosfæretrykk, holdes temperaturen på omtrent 162 °C under nullpunktet. the top (roof) of the tank is visible. Like the storage tank above ground, the solution is made in the ground with a cylindrical reinforced wall construction on the inside with a form insulation of CFC-free rigid polyurethane and an inner membrane in stainless steel. The top of the tank is provided with a reinforced tank cover on a rigid steel roof with a suspended cover and glass wool insulation. The walls on the outside and the bottom of the storage tank are also equipped with heating devices to avoid ice formation. Since the gas is stored at atmospheric pressure, the temperature is kept at approximately 162 °C below zero.
Som erklært ovenfor er denne løsningen sikrere enn med tanker over jorda, men den er fortsatt komplisert og dyr å bygge og drive. As stated above, this solution is safer than above-ground tanks, but it is still complicated and expensive to build and operate.
Av tidligere kjent teknikk kan spesielt nevnes NO 154247, US 4,224,800 og JP 58.132.652, hvor førstnevnte publikasjon beskriver en tank for flytende gass, hvor neste publikasjon beskriver et lagringsanlegg for flytende gass, og hvor sistnevnte publikasjon beskriver en anordning for deteksjon av lekkasje av flytende gass i et lagringsanlegg. Of prior art, NO 154247, US 4,224,800 and JP 58,132,652 can be mentioned in particular, where the former publication describes a tank for liquefied gas, where the next publication describes a storage facility for liquefied gas, and where the latter publication describes a device for detecting leakage of liquefied gas in a storage facility.
Med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er det tilveiebrakt et gasslagringsanlegg, fortrinnsvis for lagring av LNG, som er svært billig å bygge, har svært høy sikkerhetsstandard og er billig i vedlikehold og drift. With the present invention, a gas storage facility has been provided, preferably for the storage of LNG, which is very cheap to build, has a very high safety standard and is cheap to maintain and operate.
Oppfinnelsen er kjennetegnet ved at lagertanken er anbrakt i et hulrom i bakken, fortrinnsvis i fast fjell under grunnvannstanden, og slik at det er en ikke-eksplosiv atmosfære eller inert gass, fortrinnsvis N2, til stede i hulrommet som omgir tanken, med et kontrollerbart trykk som fortrinnsvis holdes litt over damptrykket for den flytende gassen i tanken, som definert i det vedlagte uavhengige krav 1. The invention is characterized by the fact that the storage tank is placed in a cavity in the ground, preferably in solid rock below the groundwater level, and so that there is a non-explosive atmosphere or inert gas, preferably N2, present in the cavity surrounding the tank, with a controllable pressure which is preferably kept slightly above the vapor pressure of the liquefied gas in the tank, as defined in the attached independent claim 1.
Krav 2- 8 definerer foretrukne utførelsesformer av oppfinnelsen. Claims 2-8 define preferred embodiments of the invention.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelsen beskrives i mer detalj nedenfor med eksempler og vedlagte figurer, der: 5 The present invention is described in more detail below with examples and attached figures, where: 5
Fig. 1 skjematisk viser et tverrsnitt av en lagringsløsning for flytende naturgass i henhold til Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross-section of a storage solution for liquefied natural gas according to
oppfinnelsen, the invention,
Fig. 2 viser lagringsløsningen fra Fig. 1 sett ovenfra, Fig. 2 shows the storage solution from Fig. 1 seen from above,
Fig. 3 viser et annet tverrsnitt av LNG-løsningen fra Fig. 1 og 2, men med innløp og utløp til og fra tanken. Fig. 3 shows another cross-section of the LNG solution from Figs. 1 and 2, but with inlet and outlet to and from the tank.
Som vist på Fig. 1 og 2 innbefatter LNG-lagringsanlegget i henhold til oppfinnelsen en lagertank 1 med sidevegger 2 og bunn 3/topp 7 i et hulrom 4 i bakken, fortrinnsvis i fast fjell 6 under vannstanden. Fordi hulrommet befinner seg under vannstanden, vil det danne seg is i frostsonen som danner en barriere mot lekkasje (barriere 2) i fjellet 6 rundt hulrommet. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the LNG storage facility according to the invention includes a storage tank 1 with side walls 2 and bottom 3/top 7 in a cavity 4 in the ground, preferably in solid rock 6 below the water level. Because the cavity is below the water level, ice will form in the frost zone which forms a barrier against leakage (barrier 2) in the rock 6 around the cavity.
Hulrommet kan lages med konvensjonelle framgangsmåter for sprenging i fjell og kan ha en avlang tunnelformet (kvadratisk) utforming. Med slik konvensjonell framgangsmåte og utforming er hulrommet som sådan billig å lage. Veggene inne i hulrommet 4 har et forsterket lag betong 5, og lagertanken 1 befinner seg i hulrommet 4 et stykke fra den forsterkede betongen 5 og veggene 2/toppen 7 av tanken 1, d.v.s. at det er åpent rom mellom dem. I det åpne rommet mellom tanken 1 og hulrommet befinner det seg en ikke-eksplosiv atmosfære eller inert gass, fortrinnsvis N2. The cavity can be made using conventional methods for blasting in rock and can have an elongated tunnel-shaped (square) design. With such a conventional procedure and design, the cavity as such is cheap to make. The walls inside the cavity 4 have a reinforced layer of concrete 5, and the storage tank 1 is located in the cavity 4 some distance from the reinforced concrete 5 and the walls 2/top 7 of the tank 1, i.e. that there is open space between them. In the open space between the tank 1 and the cavity there is a non-explosive atmosphere or inert gas, preferably N2.
N2brukes av forskjellige grunner: N2 is used for various reasons:
For å bedre sikkerheten. To improve security.
N2utgjør en isolasjonsbarriere som reduserer energiovergangen mellom tanken (LNG) N2 constitutes an isolation barrier that reduces the energy transfer between the tank (LNG)
og fjellet rundt den. and the mountain around it.
Tanken som sådan, veggene 2 og bunnen 3, kan lages av et egnet materiale, fortrinnsvis aluminium. Bunnen av tanken er forsynt med isolasjonsmateriale 10 for å redusere varmeovergang til bakken. Avhengig av egenskapene til fjellet som hulrommet befinner seg i og N2-atmosfæren, kan veggene fortrinnsvis være uten isolasjon slik at man får en billig og enkel membrankonstruksjon. Veggene og bunnen må imidlertid ha tilstrekkelig styrke i konstruksjonen til å innelukke og bære vekten av den flytende naturgassen i tanken. I denne sammenhengen må det for eksempel nevnes at siden tanken har avlang utforming, trenger den tversgående bjelker 11 for å motstå de utadrettede kreftene fra væskesøylen på sideveggene. The tank as such, the walls 2 and the bottom 3, can be made of a suitable material, preferably aluminium. The bottom of the tank is provided with insulating material 10 to reduce heat transfer to the ground. Depending on the properties of the rock in which the cavity is located and the N2 atmosphere, the walls can preferably be without insulation so that a cheap and simple membrane construction is obtained. However, the walls and bottom must have sufficient strength in the construction to contain and support the weight of the liquid natural gas in the tank. In this context, it must be mentioned, for example, that since the tank has an elongated design, it needs transverse beams 11 to withstand the outward forces from the liquid column on the side walls.
Taket til tanken lages av den bevegelige avstengningen 7, avhengig av fyllingshøyden på den flytende naturgassen i tanken. Avstengningen 7 kan fortrinnsvis lages av ett eller flere flytende elementer 8 som danner et fleksibelt flytende "teppe" med en tetning 9 mellom teppet og veggene til tanken 2. Hensikten med denne bevegelige avstengningen er å skille den flytende naturgassen i tanken fra N2-atmosfæren rundt tanken. The roof of the tank is made by the movable closure 7, depending on the filling height of the liquid natural gas in the tank. The shut-off 7 can preferably be made of one or more floating elements 8 which form a flexible floating "blanket" with a seal 9 between the blanket and the walls of the tank 2. The purpose of this movable shut-off is to separate the liquid natural gas in the tank from the surrounding N2 atmosphere the idea.
Tetningen 9 mellom tank og flytende element(er) 7 kan fortrinnsvis være et fleksibelt, oppblåsbart element med trykkreguleringsorgan (ikke framstilt på figuren) for å oppnå en fleksibel tetning med lav friksjon mellom tanken og det flytende taket. The seal 9 between tank and floating element(s) 7 can preferably be a flexible, inflatable element with a pressure regulating device (not shown in the figure) to achieve a flexible seal with low friction between the tank and the floating roof.
Som vist på Fig. 3 har tanken innløps- og utløpsrør 12 midt i lagertanken 1 for å minimalisere lengdebevegelsene i tankkonstruksjonen som skyldes endringer i temperaturen under oppstart. Dessuten befinner det seg nedsenkbare tømme- og fyllepumper 13 i ei separat pumpesjakt 14 ved siden av hulrommet 4. As shown in Fig. 3, the tank has inlet and outlet pipes 12 in the middle of the storage tank 1 in order to minimize the longitudinal movements in the tank structure which are caused by changes in temperature during start-up. In addition, there are submersible emptying and filling pumps 13 in a separate pump shaft 14 next to the cavity 4.
En teknisk evaluering av konseptet til lagertanken av aluminium med hensyn til behov/utfordringer som beskrevet ovenfor, viser at det foreslåtte konseptet for lagring av flytende naturgass i en aluminiumstank tilfredsstiller de fleste behov/utfordringer: Hvis det oppnås tilstrekkelig volum av N2, kan temperaturen i fjellet holdes ved like i A technical evaluation of the aluminum storage tank concept with respect to the needs/challenges described above shows that the proposed concept for the storage of liquefied natural gas in an aluminum tank satisfies most of the needs/challenges: If a sufficient volume of N2 is achieved, the temperature in the mountain is kept at the same i
nesten en hvilken som helst spesifisert temperatur. almost any specified temperature.
Utformingen av konseptet har innflytelse på behovet for maksimal kjølehastighet. Inngangen til hulrommet er helt lukket, noe som innebærer at det ikke vil lekke LNG ut The design of the concept has an influence on the need for maximum cooling speed. The entrance to the cavity is completely closed, which means that LNG will not leak out
i atmosfæren. in the atmosphere.
Forstørring av frostsonen innvirker ikke på lagringsoperasjonen. Enlarging the frost zone does not affect the storage operation.
Is i fjellformasjonen som omgir hulrommet i form av barriere nr. 2, innvirker ikke på Ice in the rock formation surrounding the cavity in the form of barrier no. 2 does not affect
lagringsoperasjonen. the storage operation.
Hvis det oppnås tilstrekkelig volum av N2til å sikre tilstrekkelig isolasjon, forhindres avkoking og energiforbruket holdes på et minimum. If a sufficient volume of N2 is obtained to ensure adequate insulation, boiling is prevented and energy consumption is kept to a minimum.
På grunn av det flytende taket har ikke lagertanken av aluminium behov for noe system for håndtering av gassen. Taket er lagd av flytende elementer som gir taket tilstrekkelig fleksibilitet. Dette gjøres for å unngå problemer med friksjon når taket beveger seg opp og ned med væskenivået i tanken. • For å unngå at det lekker hydrokarbongass ut i tankens omgivelser, brukes det tre prosessbarrierer: • Kokepunkttemperaturen til den flytende naturgassen holdes lavere enn koktemperaturen til flytende naturgass. • Hulrommet inneholder N2under trykk, noe som sikrer at trykket i N2-atmosfæren alltid er høyere enn damptrykket til den flytende naturgassen i tanken. Due to the floating roof, the aluminum storage tank does not need any system for handling the gas. The roof is made of floating elements that give the roof sufficient flexibility. This is done to avoid problems with friction when the roof moves up and down with the liquid level in the tank. • To prevent hydrocarbon gas leaking into the tank's surroundings, three process barriers are used: • The boiling point temperature of the liquefied natural gas is kept lower than the boiling temperature of liquefied natural gas. • The cavity contains N2 under pressure, which ensures that the pressure in the N2 atmosphere is always higher than the vapor pressure of the liquid natural gas in the tank.
Taket har en tetning som settes inn mellom tankveggen og det flytende taket. Tetningen er, som erklær 1 ovenfor, lagd av et fleksibelt materiale, og den kan være oppblåsbar og trykkregulert med en mekanisme for trykkjustering. Hensikten med tetningen er å skille væskefasen i tanken fra N2-atmosfæren rundt tanken. The roof has a seal that is inserted between the tank wall and the floating roof. The seal is, as statement 1 above, made of a flexible material, and it can be inflatable and pressure regulated with a pressure adjustment mechanism. The purpose of the seal is to separate the liquid phase in the tank from the N2 atmosphere around the tank.
N2-gassen i hulrommet legges omkring tanken for å opprettholde en ikke-eksplosiv atmosfære rundt tanken. Det må fortrinnsvis være et lite overtrykk i N2-gassen for å hindre at det lekker ut hydrokarboner til atmosfæren utenfor. Eventuell hydrokarbonlekkasje registreres ved hjelp av gassdetektorer installert i hulrommet (ikke framstilt på figuren). The N2 gas in the cavity is placed around the tank to maintain a non-explosive atmosphere around the tank. There must preferably be a small overpressure in the N2 gas to prevent hydrocarbons leaking into the atmosphere outside. Any hydrocarbon leakage is recorded using gas detectors installed in the cavity (not shown in the figure).
Når tanken 1 fylles opp, øker N2-trykket i hulrommet, siden volumet over taket 7 reduseres når væskenivået i tanken stiger. N2-trykket kan brukes til å kontrollere minimumstemperaturen for lagring av flytende naturgass. Et høyt N2-trykk innebærer at den flytende naturgassen kan lagres ved høyere temperatur. Det er den strukturelle styrken til tunnelen som bestemmer det maksimale N2-trykket. When the tank 1 is filled up, the N2 pressure in the cavity increases, since the volume above the roof 7 is reduced as the liquid level in the tank rises. The N2 pressure can be used to control the minimum temperature for liquefied natural gas storage. A high N2 pressure means that the liquefied natural gas can be stored at a higher temperature. It is the structural strength of the tunnel that determines the maximum N2 pressure.
Siden trykket inne i hulrommet kan være opptil 2,5 barg (25 m vannsøyle), bør toppen av hulrommet befinne seg minst 45 m under grunnvannstanden (GVS), noe som gir en 20 meters vannsøyle som sikkerhetsmargin. GVS antas å befinne seg høyst 10 meter under bakken, noe som synes å være rimelig for et sted nær kysten, og den totale avstanden fra det høyeste bakkenivået til bunnen av hulrommet blir dermed omtrent 90 meter. Since the pressure inside the cavity can be up to 2.5 barg (25 m water column), the top of the cavity should be at least 45 m below the ground water level (GVS), which gives a 20 meter water column as a safety margin. The GVS is assumed to be no more than 10 meters below the ground, which seems reasonable for a location close to the coast, and the total distance from the highest ground level to the bottom of the cavity is therefore about 90 metres.
Under innlasting av flytende naturgass til et skip eller annet transportmiddel, synker væskenivået i tanken, og N2-trykket vil synke samtidig siden det flytende taket hindrer at det utvikles gassfase inne i tanken. Altså kan det flytende taket sammen med N2-trykket betraktes som ei stor "pumpe", og dette vil ha en positiv effekt på lasteoperasjonen fordi det reduserer lastetida for skipet som lastes opp. During the loading of liquefied natural gas into a ship or other means of transport, the liquid level in the tank drops, and the N2 pressure will drop at the same time since the floating roof prevents the development of a gas phase inside the tank. So the floating roof together with the N2 pressure can be considered a big "pump", and this will have a positive effect on the loading operation because it reduces the loading time for the ship being loaded.
Dessuten er det ikke behov for et system for å motta og kondensere LNG-damp fra lagertanken, fordi det flytende taket hindrer at det dannes en fri gassfase inne i tanken. Den flytende naturgassen leveres til lagertanken ved litt lavere temperatur enn kokepunkttemperaturen ved atmosfæreforhold. Ved behov kan det brukes et ekstra kjølesystem (ikke framstilt på figuren). Furthermore, there is no need for a system to receive and condense LNG vapor from the storage tank, because the floating roof prevents the formation of a free gas phase inside the tank. The liquefied natural gas is delivered to the storage tank at a slightly lower temperature than the boiling point temperature at atmospheric conditions. If necessary, an additional cooling system (not shown in the figure) can be used.
Den inerte N2-atmosfæren som omslutter tanken representerer som nevnt ovenfor en effektiv isolasjonsbarriere mellom LNG-tanken og fjellet rundt. Effektiviteten til N2som isolasjonsbarriere avhenger imidlertid av avstanden mellom tanken og fjellet, og kan økes ved å bruke nedhengende tepper av passende materiale for å redusere eller minimalisere konveksjonen. Som et alternativ kan volumet mellom tanken og fjellet fylles med et lett isolasjonsmateriale som for eksempel Performax™ for å redusere energiovergangen mellom tanken og fjellet ytterligere. As mentioned above, the inert N2 atmosphere that surrounds the tank represents an effective isolation barrier between the LNG tank and the surrounding rock. However, the effectiveness of N2 as an insulation barrier depends on the distance between the tank and the rock, and can be increased by using hanging blankets of suitable material to reduce or minimize convection. As an alternative, the volume between the tank and the rock can be filled with a lightweight insulating material such as Performax™ to further reduce the energy transfer between the tank and the rock.
Oppfinnelsen etter definisjonen i kravene er ikke begrenset til eksemplene som beskrives ovenfor. LNG-lagringen i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan innbefatte to eller flere tanker i hver sitt hulrom og de kan kobles sammen. Dessuten kan lagringen i henhold til oppfinnelsen brukes til andre gasser som normalt lagres på tanker i flytende tilstand, vanligvis LPG eller NH3. The invention as defined in the claims is not limited to the examples described above. The LNG storage according to the invention can include two or more tanks in each separate cavity and they can be connected together. Furthermore, the storage according to the invention can be used for other gases which are normally stored in tanks in a liquid state, usually LPG or NH3.
Det kan også brukes andre løsninger for taket enn det ovennevnte flytende taket, for eksempel en fleksibel (oppblåsbar) membran som kan utvides oppover til toppen av tanken. Other solutions for the roof than the above-mentioned floating roof can also be used, for example a flexible (inflatable) membrane that can be extended upwards to the top of the tank.
Lagertanken som sådan kan også lages av et annet materiale enn aluminium, for eksempel rustfritt stål med 8 % Ni. The storage tank as such can also be made of a material other than aluminium, for example stainless steel with 8% Ni.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NO20060272A NO332688B1 (en) | 2006-01-18 | 2006-01-18 | LNG stock |
PCT/NO2007/000009 WO2007084007A1 (en) | 2006-01-18 | 2007-01-10 | Lng storage with the storage tank provided in a cavern |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NO20060272A NO332688B1 (en) | 2006-01-18 | 2006-01-18 | LNG stock |
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NO20060272L NO20060272L (en) | 2007-07-19 |
NO332688B1 true NO332688B1 (en) | 2012-12-10 |
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WO (1) | WO2007084007A1 (en) |
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FR2996625B1 (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2017-08-11 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | WATERPROOF AND INSULATED TANK FOR CONTAINING COLD FLUID UNDER PRESSURE |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB905707A (en) * | 1960-04-14 | 1962-09-12 | Burness Corlett & Partners Ltd | Improvements in or relating to tanks and vessels for the storage or transport of liquid gas |
US3419174A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1968-12-31 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Co | Method and apparatus for liquefied gas storage |
FR1507160A (en) * | 1966-01-28 | 1967-12-29 | Tank for liquefied gases | |
GB1248591A (en) * | 1968-01-26 | 1971-10-06 | William Hamilton | Improved container sealing roof structure |
US3707850A (en) * | 1970-10-12 | 1973-01-02 | Syst Capitol Corp | Cryogenic storage tank improvements |
US3935957A (en) * | 1973-04-10 | 1976-02-03 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Insulation for double walled cryogenic storage tank |
JPS51117312A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1976-10-15 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Membrane system construction method for low temperature underground ta nks |
SE409193B (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1979-08-06 | Grennard Alf H | PROCEDURE FOR UNDERGROUND STORAGE OF COLD AND HOT PRODUCTS |
FR2502289A1 (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1982-09-24 | Applied Thermodynamics Lonog S | LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS RESERVOIR, IN PARTICULAR METHANE |
JP2000161591A (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2000-06-16 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Cryogenic tank |
AU2002368397A1 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-18 | Ncc Ab | Sub-surface storage of liquified natural gas at near atmospheric pressure |
-
2006
- 2006-01-18 NO NO20060272A patent/NO332688B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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