NO329274B1 - Conditioning agent for stagnant and liquid water systems and methods for preventing deposits in these water systems. - Google Patents
Conditioning agent for stagnant and liquid water systems and methods for preventing deposits in these water systems. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO329274B1 NO329274B1 NO20041002A NO20041002A NO329274B1 NO 329274 B1 NO329274 B1 NO 329274B1 NO 20041002 A NO20041002 A NO 20041002A NO 20041002 A NO20041002 A NO 20041002A NO 329274 B1 NO329274 B1 NO 329274B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- water
- psi
- acid
- copolymers
- conditioning agent
- Prior art date
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
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- ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonoformic acid Chemical class OC(=O)P(O)(O)=O ZJAOAACCNHFJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoramidic acid Chemical class NP(O)(O)=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N sorbic acid group Chemical group C(\C=C\C=C\C)(=O)O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000583 toxicological profile Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1092—Polysuccinimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/683—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of complex-forming compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/12—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/528—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning inorganic depositions, e.g. sulfates or carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/14—Additives which dissolves or releases substances when predefined environmental conditions are reached, e.g. pH or temperature
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører vannkondisjoneringsmidler på basis av en blanding av polysuccinimid (PSI) med minst ett biostatikum samt en fremgangsmåte for å forhindre avsetninger som oppstår i systemer av stillestående eller flytende vann ved hardhetsdannende ioner, ved hjelp av vannkondisjoneringsmidlet ifølge oppfinnelsen. The present invention relates to water conditioners based on a mixture of polysuccinimide (PSI) with at least one biostatic agent as well as a method for preventing deposits that occur in systems of stagnant or liquid water due to hardness-forming ions, using the water conditioner according to the invention.
Under flytende vannsystemer i forbindelse med foreliggende oppfinnelse anses avvanningssystemer eller dreneringer av byggverk, men også lnnpressingsvann ved utvinningen av råstoffer, spesielt av råolje eller naturgasser, spesielt foretrukket i de såkalte "Squeeze"-operasjonene innenfor råoljeutvinning (kjent fraUS-A 5 655 601). Liquid water systems in connection with the present invention are considered dewatering systems or drainages of construction works, but also pressurized water during the extraction of raw materials, especially of crude oil or natural gases, particularly preferred in the so-called "Squeeze" operations within crude oil extraction (known from US-A 5 655 601) .
Byggverk hvor kondisjoneringsmidlet ifølge oppfinnelsen kan anvendes er eksempelvis bygninger, tunnelbygg, stoller, kaverner, demningsmurer, demninger, vannkraftverk, jordoppdemninger, støttemurer, veibygging, fall av vanningsanlegg, vannavløpskanaler, kildeinnmuringer eller provisoriske byggegruber. Byggverk i forbindelse med foreliggende oppfinnelse er også infrastrukturanlegg som for eksempel deponier (for kommunale eller industrielle avfall) innbefattende avvanningssystemer som gjennomtrenger disse, samt broer og deres avvanningssystemer eller renseanlegg. Construction works where the conditioning agent according to the invention can be used are, for example, buildings, tunnel constructions, tunnels, caverns, dam walls, dams, hydroelectric power plants, earthen dams, retaining walls, road construction, falls of irrigation systems, water drainage channels, spring enclosures or temporary construction pits. Construction works in connection with the present invention are also infrastructure facilities such as landfills (for municipal or industrial waste) including drainage systems that penetrate these, as well as bridges and their drainage systems or treatment plants.
Stående vannsystemer i forbindelse med foreliggende oppfinnelse er eksempelvis stående vann i svømmehaller eller også som matriks i underjordiske råoljeforekomster samt bassenganlegg. Standing water systems in connection with the present invention are, for example, standing water in swimming pools or also as a matrix in underground crude oil deposits and swimming pools.
De nevnte byggverkene, henholdsvis operasjonene, under utnyttelse av vannegenskapene for det aktuelle grunnvannet, spillvannet, dreneringsvannet eller flytende vannet oppviser et forskjellig høyt innhold av oppløste vanninnholdsstoffer. Disse overveiende organiske vanninnholdsstoffene forårsaker ofte harde avleiringer. Ved inntreden av eksempelvis grunnvann eller dreneringsvann i avvanningssystemer forandrer de fysikalske egenskapene seg slik at de opprinnelig oppløste vanninnholdsstoffene danner harde, fasthengende avleiringer, som kan foreligge i amorf eller krystallinsk form. Disse avleiringene (forsintringene) består vanligvis av kalsiumkarbonat, magnesiumkarbonat, kalsiumsulfat (gips), silikater (Si02), bariumsulfat og jernoksider, alle eventuelt i deres hydratiserte form, eller kalsiummagnesiumfosfat eller andre fosfatholdige dobbeltsalter, som eksempelvis er beskrevet i DE-A 10 207 088. The mentioned construction works, respectively the operations, during the utilization of the water properties of the relevant groundwater, waste water, drainage water or liquid water show a different high content of dissolved water constituents. These predominantly organic water constituents often cause hard deposits. When, for example, groundwater or drainage water enters drainage systems, the physical properties change so that the originally dissolved water-containing substances form hard, adherent deposits, which can be in amorphous or crystalline form. These deposits (sinterings) usually consist of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate (gypsum), silicates (SiO2), barium sulfate and iron oxides, all possibly in their hydrated form, or calcium magnesium phosphate or other phosphate-containing double salts, which are for example described in DE-A 10 207 088.
Disse harde, fasthengende avleiringene reduserer strømningstverrsnittet av dreneringer eller i ekstremt tilfelle lukkes avløpet/rørledningene helt. Som en følge av dette kan de dannede vannmengdene ikke flyte fritt bort og det danner seg opphopninger som kan forårsake store skader. These hard, clinging deposits reduce the flow cross-section of drains or in extreme cases completely block the drain/pipelines. As a result of this, the formed amounts of water cannot flow away freely and accumulations form which can cause major damage.
Innenfor området eksempelvis badebassenger må det inneholdte vannet kondisjoneres på en slik måte at det ikke kommer til avsetninger på celleveggene eller i pumpefiltre. Innenfor området utvinning av råstoffer, eksempelvis råoljeutvinning, krever de der anvendte kondisjoneringsmidler høy trykkstabilitet og høy termostabilitet. Within the area of, for example, swimming pools, the contained water must be conditioned in such a way that there are no deposits on the cell walls or in pump filters. Within the area of extraction of raw materials, for example crude oil extraction, the conditioners used there require high pressure stability and high thermal stability.
Fra DE-A 10 101 671 er det kjent kondisjoneringsmidler som ved siden av PSI også kan inneholde fettsyrer og biocider. From DE-A 10 101 671, conditioners are known which, in addition to PSI, can also contain fatty acids and biocides.
Som biocider foreslås der eksempelvis ftalimidoperoksoheksansyre, dibenzoperoksid, klorbromdimetylhydantoin eller ytterligere organiske peroksider. Det dreier seg derved om biocider som avspalter oksygen eller klor og som må klassifiseres som vannlabile idet denne avspaltningen foregår meget raskt. Videre er de ikke ubetinget anvendelige i alle vandige medier, spesielt ikke når vannet som skal kondisjoneres skal anvendes innenfor næringsmiddelindustrien eller etter rensing i renseanlegg skal slippes ut i naturlige vannreservoarer eller i overflatevann. For example, phthalimidoperoxohexanoic acid, dibenzoperoxide, chlorobromodimethylhydantoin or further organic peroxides are proposed as biocides. These are biocides which release oxygen or chlorine and which must be classified as water-labile as this release takes place very quickly. Furthermore, they are not unconditionally applicable in all aqueous media, especially not when the water to be conditioned is to be used within the food industry or after purification in treatment plants is to be released into natural water reservoirs or into surface water.
Videre ble det ved anvendelse av tabletter ifølge DE-A 10 101 671 observert at i kimførende vannsystemer inntrer etter en viss tid, på tross av tilsats av biocider, etter deres nedbrytning henholdsvis dekomponering, et angrep på tablettene med mikroorganismer, først og fremst gjær og/eller muggsopper, som førte til en så tykk begroing av frigivelsen av PSI for oppløsning av de fasthengende avleiringene av den ovenfor omtalte typen, ikke lenger var tilstrekkelig sikret. Furthermore, when using tablets according to DE-A 10 101 671, it was observed that in germ-carrying water systems, after a certain time, despite the addition of biocides, after their breakdown or decomposition, an attack on the tablets by microorganisms, primarily yeast and /or molds, which led to such a thick fouling of the release of PSI to dissolve the adhering deposits of the type mentioned above, were no longer sufficiently secured.
Følgelig besto den oppgave å utvikle et forbedret vannkondisjoneringsmiddel på basis av PSI som på lang sikt hindrer veksten på PSI-tabletter. Consequently, the task was to develop an improved water conditioner based on PSI which, in the long term, prevents growth on PSI tablets.
Denne oppgaven ble løst ved at man anvender PSI sammen med biostatika som, som vannstabile konserveringsstoffer, ikke bare sikrer en gunstigere toksikologisk profil, men også en mer langvarig virkning av PSI. This task was solved by using PSI together with biostatics which, as water-stable preservatives, not only ensure a more favorable toxicological profile, but also a longer-lasting effect of PSI.
Gjenstand for foreliggende oppfinnelse er vannkondisjoneringsmidler, spesielt depotsteiner eller tabletter, for kondisjonering av stillestående og flytende vannsystemer, som er kjennetegnet ved at disse inneholder et virksomt innhold av polysuccinimid (PSI) eller dets delhydrolysat samt ett biostatikum, hvorved innholdet av PSI ligger mellom 0,1 til 10 000 g/m<3> og av biostatikumet 0,1 til 100 g/m<3> av vannet som skal kondisjoneres og at det som biostatika anvendes fenoler, fortrinnsvis fenol selv, eller fenylfenol og natriumortofenylfenolat. The subject of the present invention is water conditioners, in particular storage stones or tablets, for conditioning stagnant and flowing water systems, which are characterized by the fact that they contain an effective content of polysuccinimide (PSI) or its partial hydrolyzate as well as a biostatic agent, whereby the content of PSI lies between 0, 1 to 10,000 g/m<3> and of the biostatic agent 0.1 to 100 g/m<3> of the water to be conditioned and that phenols are used as biostatic agents, preferably phenol itself, or phenylphenol and sodium orthophenylphenolate.
Gjenstand for foreliggende oppfinnelse er også en fremgangsmåte for å forhindre avleiringer i stillestående eller flytende vannsystemer, som er kjennetegnet ved at det stillestående vannet eller dreneringsvannet, spillvannet, flytevannet eller grunnvannet som føres bort, tilsettes et kondisjoneringsmiddel som omtalt ovenfor. The object of the present invention is also a method for preventing deposits in stagnant or flowing water systems, which is characterized by the fact that a conditioning agent is added to the stagnant water or drainage water, waste water, flow water or ground water that is carried away.
Ved tilsatsen av et kondisjoneringsmiddel på basis av PSI, sammen med et biostatikum, til vannet skal behandles, kan ikke bare oppvekst av uønskede krystallkim forhindres på virkningsfull måte, men samtidig unngås inhiberingen av PSI ved gjær- eller muggsopper over et lengre tidsrom enn det som kan oppnås med biocider. Samtidig blir dannelsen av nye poreavleiringer umulig. By adding a conditioning agent based on PSI, together with a biostatic agent, to the water to be treated, not only can the growth of unwanted crystal germs be effectively prevented, but at the same time the inhibition of PSI by yeasts or molds is avoided over a longer period of time than can be achieved with biocides. At the same time, the formation of new pore deposits becomes impossible.
Kondisjoneringsmidler for vandige systemer betegnes på grunn av deres virkningsmåte forskjellig, for eksempel som dispergeringsmidler, hardhetsstabilisatorer og beskyttelseskolloider. De kan eventuelt også tilsettes sekvestreringsmidler (kompleksdannelsesmidler) eller eventuelt også ytterligere grenseflateaktive stoffer (tensider) samt eventuelt i tillegg også biocider. Viktige er dessuten hardhetsstabilisatorer, dvs. forbindelser som er egnede for stabilisering av hardhetsdannerne i avvanningssystemer, hvorved de deaktiverer krystallveksten og for det meste oppviser overflateladningsforandrende egenskaper, samt dispergatorer (dispergeringsmidler). Dispergeringsmidler er forbindelser som forandrer overflateladning, som dispergerer uoppløste faststoffpartikler i vann - også i kolloidalt område - dvs. holder dem finfordelt. Kondisjoneirngsmidler ifølge oppfinnelsen på omfattende PSI og biostatika tilsettes til stillestående eller flytende vannsystemer avhengig av aktuelt anvendelsesområde. Conditioners for aqueous systems are designated differently due to their mode of action, for example as dispersants, hardness stabilizers and protective colloids. Sequestering agents (complexing agents) or possibly also additional surface-active substances (surfactants) and optionally also biocides can also be added to them. Also important are hardness stabilizers, i.e. compounds which are suitable for stabilizing the hardness formers in dewatering systems, whereby they deactivate crystal growth and mostly exhibit surface charge-changing properties, as well as dispersants (dispersants). Dispersants are compounds that change surface charge, which disperse undissolved solid particles in water - also in the colloidal region - i.e. keep them finely distributed. Conditioners according to the invention on comprehensive PSI and biostatics are added to stagnant or flowing water systems depending on the applicable area of application.
Følgelig krever utvinningsprosesser for råolje eller naturgass, spesielt "squeeze"-operasjonene tydelig høyere PSI-mengder enn anvendelsen i stillestående vannsystemer, som eksempelvis svømmebassenger. PSI og biostatikum tilsettes derfor til det stillestående eller flytende vannsystemet, fortrinnsvis i vandig oppløsning, i mengder fra 0,1 til 10.000 g/m<3> PSI og 0,1 til 100 g/m<3> biostatikum, spesielt 0,5 til 5000 g/m<3> PSI og 0,5 til 50 g/m<3> biostatikum til vannet som skal kondisjoneres. Consequently, extraction processes for crude oil or natural gas, especially the "squeeze" operations, clearly require higher PSI amounts than the application in stagnant water systems, such as for example swimming pools. PSI and biostatics are therefore added to the stagnant or flowing water system, preferably in aqueous solution, in amounts from 0.1 to 10,000 g/m<3> PSI and 0.1 to 100 g/m<3> biostatics, especially 0.5 to 5000 g/m<3> PSI and 0.5 to 50 g/m<3> biostatic for the water to be conditioned.
Hardhetsstabilisatorer og dispergatorer krysser hverandre ofte med hensyn til virkning. Følgelig kan kondisjoneringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen også anvendes i kombinasjon med hardhetsstabilisatorer eller dispergatorer, hvorved det som regel oppnås en høyere virkningsgrad sammenlignet med den adskilte anvendelsen. Kondisjoneringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også inneholde andre egnede tilsatser, hvorved alltid den fremtidige utnyttelsen av det bortledede drenerings- eller grunnvannet er avgjørende, for at det skal oppnås en miljøvennlig forebyggelse av forsintringer. Hardness stabilizers and dispersants often intersect in terms of effectiveness. Consequently, the conditioning agents according to the invention can also be used in combination with hardness stabilizers or dispersants, whereby a higher degree of effectiveness is usually achieved compared to the separate use. The conditioning agents according to the invention can also contain other suitable additives, whereby the future utilization of the diverted drainage or ground water is always decisive, in order to achieve an environmentally friendly prevention of sintering.
PSI eller dets delhydrolysat, som anvendes i kondisjoneringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen, viser en meget gunstig virkningskorrelasjon av dispergerings- og hardhetsstabilisatoregenskaper og kan på grunn av effekten med langsom frigivelse, dvs. den gradvise frigivelsen av virkestoffet polyasparaginsyre, anvendes for kondisjonering av stillestående og flytende vannsystemer, spesielt bygningsavvanning, tunnellavvanning og innenfor råoljeutvinning. PSI samt dets delhydrolysater er følgelig spesielt egnet for å forhindre avleiringer, spesielt av kalsiumkarbonat, magnesiumkarbonat, kalsiumsulfat, silikater, bariumsulfat, jernoksider eller fosfatholdige dobbeltsalter som kalsiummagnesiumfosfat. Dessuten viser PSI i kondisjoneringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen følgende fordeler: • PSI er ikke hygroskopisk og lar seg presse til formstabile depotsteiner med lav bindemiddelandel på eksempelvis < 10%. • PSI viser som imid en relativt til vekten høyere virkestoffandel enn det natriumholdige natriumpolyaspartat. • PSI oppløser seg langsomt, hvorved oppløsningshastigheten øker med pH; det viser følgelig den ønskede egenskapen med langsom frigivelse. • PSI viser på grunn av den lave oppløseligheten en sammenlignet polyasparaginsyre redusert nedbrytningshastighet med tilsvarende redusert potensiale for bioforurensning. • PSI er på grunn av sin syrefrigivende egenskap i stand til å tilbakedanne og oppløse kalkavleiringer. I motsetning til de lett oppløselig organiske syrene sikres ved det uoppløselig PSI at virkestoff-forstadiet forblir på stedet med forsintring. Dessuten kan PSI-delhydrolysater på grunn av deres PSI or its partial hydrolyzate, which is used in the conditioning agents according to the invention, shows a very favorable effect correlation of dispersing and hardness stabilizer properties and, due to the slow release effect, i.e. the gradual release of the active ingredient polyaspartic acid, can be used for conditioning stagnant and flowing water systems, especially building drainage, tunnel drainage and within crude oil extraction. PSI as well as its partial hydrolysates are therefore particularly suitable for preventing deposits, especially of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silicates, barium sulfate, iron oxides or phosphate-containing double salts such as calcium magnesium phosphate. In addition, PSI in the conditioning agents according to the invention shows the following advantages: • PSI is not hygroscopic and can be pressed into form-stable storage stones with a low binder content of, for example, < 10%. • As an imide, PSI shows a relatively higher percentage of active ingredient by weight than the sodium-containing sodium polyaspartate. • PSI dissolves slowly, whereby the rate of dissolution increases with pH; hence it exhibits the desired slow release property. • Due to its low solubility, PSI shows a reduced degradation rate compared to polyaspartic acid with a correspondingly reduced potential for biopollution. • Due to its acid-releasing property, PSI is able to regenerate and dissolve lime deposits. In contrast to the easily soluble organic acids, the insoluble PSI ensures that the active ingredient precursor remains in place with pre-sintering. Moreover, PSI partial hydrolysates can because of their
adsorpsjonsevne på kalcittsyre lokalt binde til kalkoverflater og dermed oppløse kalk med meget høy doseringsvirkningsrelasjon. adsorption capacity of calcitic acid locally binds to lime surfaces and thus dissolves lime with a very high dosage effect ratio.
PSI kan i storteknisk målestokk fremstilles ved termisk polymerisasjon av maleinsyreanhydrid og ammoniakk eller deres derivater (se US-A 3,846,380; US-A 4,839,461; US-A 5,219,952 eller US-A 5,371,180). PSI can be produced on a large technical scale by thermal polymerization of maleic anhydride and ammonia or their derivatives (see US-A 3,846,380; US-A 4,839,461; US-A 5,219,952 or US-A 5,371,180).
Dessuten oppnår man PSI ved termisk polymerisasjon av asparaginsyre (US-A 5,051,401) eventuelt i nærvær av sure katalysatorer/oppløsningsmidler (US-A 3,052,655). PSI is also obtained by thermal polymerization of aspartic acid (US-A 5,051,401) possibly in the presence of acidic catalysts/solvents (US-A 3,052,655).
PSI dannes ved den kjemiske syntesen som polymer med en midlere molvekt på 500 til 20.000, fortrinnsvis 3.000 til 5.000. Polysuccinimid er ansett som kjemisk forløper for polyasparaginsyre, hvortil det langsomt hydrolyseres med vann. pH-verdien av den derved dannede oppløsningen ligger mellom pH 1 til 4, fortrinnsvis ved 2 til 3. Herved gjør ikke bare den gode stenløsende, men også samtidig også den dispergerende virkningen av den ved PSI frigjorte polyasparaginsyren seg gjeldende overfor tungt oppløselige kalsiumsalter, henholdsvis andre tungtoppløselige stoffer. Den resulterende sure oppløsningen fører på grunn av syrevirkningen også til direkte oppløsning av eventuelle dannede kalsiumkarbonatinkrustasjoner. Fremfor alt i harde fjellvann med forhøyet pH-verdi og dermed forsterket inkrustasjonsproblematikk, viser PSI på gunstig måte en forhøyet oppløsehghet. I tillegg er PSI, på grunn av den langsomme hydrolysen ved samtidig lav vannoppløselighet, lenge virksom på anvendelsesstedet og dermed tydelig overlegen den direkte anvendelsen av polyasparaginsyre (langsom frigivelseseffekt). PSI is formed by the chemical synthesis as a polymer with an average molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, preferably 3,000 to 5,000. Polysuccinimide is considered the chemical precursor of polyaspartic acid, to which it is slowly hydrolysed with water. The pH value of the resulting solution lies between pH 1 to 4, preferably at 2 to 3. In this way, not only the good stone dissolving, but also at the same time the dispersing effect of the polyaspartic acid released by PSI applies to poorly soluble calcium salts, respectively other sparingly soluble substances. The resulting acidic solution also leads, due to the acid action, to the direct dissolution of any formed calcium carbonate incrustations. Above all in hard mountain waters with an elevated pH value and thus increased incrustation problems, PSI favorably shows an increased solubility. In addition, due to the slow hydrolysis at the same time low water solubility, PSI is long-acting at the point of application and thus clearly superior to the direct application of polyaspartic acid (slow release effect).
Eventuelt kan det ved siden av PSI i kondisjoneirngsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes ytterligere hardhetsstabilisatorer. Som ytterligere hardhetsstabilisatorer kan det anvendes forbindelser fra gruppen av uorganisk kondenserte fosfater, som alkali-di-, tri- og -polyfosfat, organiske fosforforbindelser eller organofosfonsyrer, som eksempelvis 2-metyl-propan-fosfonsyre, hydroksyetylidendifosfonsyre, aminometylenfosfonsyrer, N-holdige fosfonater, aminofosfonater, aminoalkylenfosfonsyrer som aminotri(metylenfosfonsyre) eller dietylentriamino-penta(metylenfosfonsyre), poly(aminometylen-fosfonater) eller hydroksyetyl-etylen(di(aminometylen)-fosfonsyre), videre fosfonokarboksylsyrer, for eksempel fosfonobutan-trikarboksylsyrer, fosfatestere, polyfosforestere, aminofosfater, ravsyreamid, karbohydrater, polysakkarider, glukonater, polyglykosider, polyglukosider og deres derivater, polyoksykarboksylsyrer samt deres kopolymerer, oksiderte karbohydrater, som oksiderte celluloser, stivelser eller dekstrin, proteiner og andre eggehviteprodukter, vannoppløselige polyaminosyrer, eksempelvis polyasparaginsyre, silikater, som alkalisilikater, vannglass eller zeolitter. Optionally, in addition to PSI in the conditioners according to the invention, additional hardness stabilizers can be used. As additional hardness stabilizers, compounds from the group of inorganic condensed phosphates can be used, such as alkali di-, tri- and -polyphosphate, organic phosphorus compounds or organophosphonic acids, such as, for example, 2-methyl-propane-phosphonic acid, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, aminomethylenephosphonic acids, N-containing phosphonates, aminophosphonates, aminoalkylenephosphonic acids such as aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) or diethylenetriamino-penta(methylenephosphonic acid), poly(aminomethylene-phosphonates) or hydroxyethyl-ethylene(di(aminomethylene)-phosphonic acid), further phosphonocarboxylic acids, for example phosphonobutane-tricarboxylic acids, phosphate esters, polyphosphoesters, aminophosphates, succinic acid amide, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, gluconates, polyglycosides, polyglucosides and their derivatives, polyoxycarboxylic acids and their copolymers, oxidized carbohydrates, such as oxidized celluloses, starches or dextrin, proteins and other egg white products, water-soluble polyamino acids, for example polyaspartic acid, silicates, such as alkali silicates, water glasses or zeolites.
Også de vannoppløselige saltene av de angitte syrene er egnede som hardhetsstabilisatorer ved siden av PSI, fortrinnsvis natriumsaltene. The water-soluble salts of the indicated acids are also suitable as hardness stabilizers in addition to PSI, preferably the sodium salts.
I en spesielt foretrukket utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse foreligger PSI sammen polyasparaginsyre i kondisjoneirngsmidler. Idet PSI hydrolyserer til polyaspartat under egnede betingelser, men i seg selv imidlertid er å anse som hydrofob, oppnår man en påvirkning på herdestabilisator i formuleringen ifølge oppfinnelsen i "langsom frigivelse"-formulering. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, PSI is present together with polyaspartic acid in conditioners. As PSI hydrolyses to polyaspartate under suitable conditions, but in itself, however, is to be considered hydrophobic, an effect on the curing stabilizer is achieved in the formulation according to the invention in a "slow release" formulation.
Eventuelt kan kondisjoneringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen tilsettes dispergatorer. Egnede dispergatorer er eksempelvis tanninderivater, som sulfiterte tanniner, ligninsulfonater, sulfonerte kondensasjonsprodukter av naftalin med formaldehyd, polyakrylater, polymetakrylater, polyakrylamider, polymerisater på akrylatbasis, videre P-holdige polymere forbindelser, som N-fosfonometyl-makrocykliske polyetere eller fosfonometylerte oksyalkylenaminer samt fosfinsyreholdige homo- og kopolymerer av akrylsyre og akrylamid og oligomere fosfiniko-ravsyreforbindelser (slik de beskrives i US-A 4 088 678). Egnede er videre polymerer med N-substituerte amidfunksjoner, for eksempel sulfometylerte eller sulfoetylerte polyakrylamider og polymetakrylamider og kopolymerer henholdsvis terpolymerer med akrylsyre og maleinsyreester, N-butylakrylamid og dens kopolymerer, 2-akrylamido-2-metyl-l-propansulfonsyre som salt og deres alkylsubstituerte alkylderivater og deres kopolymerer, videre fosfinoalkylerte akrylamidpolymerer og kopolymerer med akrylsyre, kopolymerer med alkener med umettede dikarboksylsyrer og polymerer og kopolymerer på basis av maleinsyre. Slike og lignende forbindelser er for eksempel beskrevet i EP-A 225 596, EP-A 238 852, EP-A 238 853, EP-A 238 729, EP-A 265 846, EP-A 310 099, EP-A 314 083, EP-A 330 876 eller EP-A 517 470. Vannoppløselige salter av tilsvarende syrer er likeledes egnede. Optionally, the conditioning agents according to the invention can be added to dispersants. Suitable dispersants are, for example, tannin derivatives, such as sulfited tannins, lignin sulfonates, sulfonated condensation products of naphthalene with formaldehyde, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacrylamides, acrylate-based polymers, further P-containing polymeric compounds, such as N-phosphonomethyl-macrocyclic polyethers or phosphonomethylated oxyalkyleneamines as well as phosphinic acid-containing homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide and oligomeric phosphinicosuccinic acid compounds (as described in US-A 4,088,678). Also suitable are polymers with N-substituted amide functions, for example sulfomethylated or sulfoethylated polyacrylamides and polymethacrylamides and copolymers respectively terpolymers with acrylic acid and maleic acid ester, N-butylacrylamide and its copolymers, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid as a salt and their alkyl-substituted alkyl derivatives and their copolymers, further phosphinoalkylated acrylamide polymers and copolymers with acrylic acid, copolymers with alkenes with unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and polymers and copolymers based on maleic acid. Such and similar compounds are described, for example, in EP-A 225 596, EP-A 238 852, EP-A 238 853, EP-A 238 729, EP-A 265 846, EP-A 310 099, EP-A 314 083 , EP-A 330 876 or EP-A 517 470. Water-soluble salts of corresponding acids are likewise suitable.
Eventuelt kan kondisjoneirngsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholde sekvestreirngsmidler. Optionally, the conditioners according to the invention may contain sequestering agents.
Som sekvestreringsmidler eller kompleksdanningsmidler i forbindelse med foreliggende oppfinnelse egner seg blant andre iminodisuccinat (IDS), nitrilotrieddiksyre, sitronsyre, etylendiamintetraeddiksyre (EDTA), eterkarboksylater og oksiderte karbohydrater, eksempelvis partielt hydrolysene og oksiderte stivelser og dekstriner. Egnede er videre fosforholdige kompleksdannere som for eksempel kondenserte fosfater og fosfonater, såfremt disse ikke allerede anvendes i deres funksjon som hardhetsstabilisatorer. Examples of suitable sequestering agents or complexing agents in connection with the present invention include iminodisuccinate (IDS), nitrilotriacetic acid, citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ether carboxylates and oxidized carbohydrates, for example partially hydrolyzed and oxidized starches and dextrins. Phosphorus-containing complex formers such as condensed phosphates and phosphonates are also suitable, provided that these are not already used in their function as hardness stabilizers.
Eventuelt inneholder kondisjoneringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen ytterligere tilsatser som eksempelvis aluminatforbindelser (se EP-A 0 302 522), stabilisatorer som polykvarternære aminer, for eksempel poly(dimetylamino-ko-epiklorhydrin) eller poly(diallyldimetyl-ammoniumklorid) (se US-A 5 038 861) eller egnede tensider, som for eksempel alkyl-aryl-sulfonater, polyvinylsulfonater, natriummetoksymetylcellulose osv.. Optionally, the conditioning agents according to the invention contain further additives such as aluminate compounds (see EP-A 0 302 522), stabilizers such as polyquaternary amines, for example poly(dimethylamino-co-epichlorohydrin) or poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) (see US-A 5 038 861 ) or suitable surfactants, such as, for example, alkyl-aryl-sulphonates, polyvinylsulphonates, sodium methoxymethylcellulose, etc.
Anvendelsen av biostatika utelukker ikke den samtidige anvendelsen av biocider. Når de er egnede for anvendelsen av kondisjoneringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan biocider tilsettes. Prinsipielt er for dette formålet alle biocider som i henhold til nasjonale forskrifter kan anvendes for å holde vann rene, egnede. Som foretrukne biocider i forbindelse med foreliggende oppfinnelse, anvendes ftalimidoperoksoheksansyre, dibenzoperoksid, klor-bromdimetylhydantoin eller ytterligere organiske peroksider. The use of biostatics does not exclude the simultaneous use of biocides. When they are suitable for the use of the conditioning agents according to the invention, biocides can be added. In principle, all biocides which according to national regulations can be used to keep water clean are suitable for this purpose. As preferred biocides in connection with the present invention, phthalimidoperoxohexanoic acid, dibenzoperoxide, chlorobromodimethylhydantoin or further organic peroxides are used.
Anvendelsen av kondisjoneringsmidlet ifølge oppfinnelsen kan foregå i vanlig form, som eksempelvis pulver, tabletter eller depotsteiner. Dessuten er også ytterligere anvendelsesformer mulig, som understøtter depotvirkningen (dvs. den gradvise og tidsmessige konstante frigivelsen av virkestoffet av PSI henholdsvis langsom frigivelsesegenskapen, samt frigivelsen av biostatikumet). Spesielt egnede for dette formålet er vanngjennomtrengelige eller selvoppløsende poser av egnede syntetiske eller biologisk nedbrytbare polyesteramider, som for eksempel BAK™ (Bayer AG), hvorved ved den biologiske nedbrytningen av matriksen (polyesteramid) PSI omdannes til polyasparaginsyre. The use of the conditioning agent according to the invention can take place in the usual form, such as powder, tablets or depot stones. Moreover, further forms of application are also possible, which support the depot effect (i.e. the gradual and temporally constant release of the active substance of PSI or the slow release property, as well as the release of the biostatic agent). Particularly suitable for this purpose are water-permeable or self-dissolving bags made of suitable synthetic or biodegradable polyester amides, such as BAK™ (Bayer AG), whereby during the biological breakdown of the matrix (polyester amide) PSI is converted to polyaspartic acid.
Pressingen av PSI med det aktuelle biostatikumet i såkalte depotsteiner eller tabletter foregår eventuelt ved hjelp av diverse hjelpestoffer. Spesielt egnede som hjelpestoffer i forbindelse med foreliggende oppfinnelse er fettsyrer, spesielt stearinsyre, palmitinsyre eller laurinsyre. The compression of PSI with the relevant biostatic agent in so-called depot stones or tablets takes place possibly with the help of various excipients. Particularly suitable as auxiliary substances in connection with the present invention are fatty acids, especially stearic acid, palmitic acid or lauric acid.
Eksempelvis omtales depotsteiner i det sveitsiske byggetidsskriftet fra SIA "Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt", Nr. 12, 24. mars 2000. For example, depot stones are mentioned in the Swiss building magazine from SIA "Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt", Nr. 12, 24 March 2000.
Eksempler Examples
Formuleringseksempler Formulation examples
Eksempel 1 Example 1
90% PSI ble grundig blandet med 1,5% biostatikum og 8,5% palmitinsyre eller stearinsyre, og denne blandingen ble, ved hjelp av en tabletteringsmaskin, presset til 90% PSI was thoroughly mixed with 1.5% biostatic and 8.5% palmitic or stearic acid, and this mixture was, by means of a tableting machine, compressed to
tablettlignende formlegemer. Disse formlegemene ble ved en oppløsningshastighet på 70 mg/time, vekt 50 g, anvendt i slike mengder at konsentrasjonen i dreneringsvannet fra ca. 0,1 til 100 ppm og en konsentrasjon på 0,1 til 100 ppm biostatikum ble sikret. tablet-like shaped bodies. These shaped bodies were used at a dissolution rate of 70 mg/hour, weight 50 g, in such quantities that the concentration in the drainage water from approx. 0.1 to 100 ppm and a concentration of 0.1 to 100 ppm biostatic was ensured.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Et ytterligere eksempel for nøytralt vann inneholdt 70% PSI, 25% polyasparaginsyre-natriumsalt og 4,5% palmitin- henholdsvis stearinsyre og 0,5% o-fenylfenol henholdsvis natnum-o-fenyl-fenolat (Preventol ® ONS) i det følgende betegnet som ONS. A further example for neutral water contained 70% PSI, 25% polyaspartic acid sodium salt and 4.5% palmitic respectively stearic acid and 0.5% o-phenylphenol respectively natnum-o-phenyl-phenolate (Preventol ® ONS) hereinafter designated as ONS.
En tablett ifølge eksempel 1 viste etter 2 måneders anbringelse i et bygningsawanningssystem en med 3 tierpotenser lavere kimtalltetthet enn en tablett uten biostatikum (90% PSI, 10% stearinsyre). A tablet according to example 1 showed, after 2 months of placement in a building drainage system, a germ count density 3 orders of magnitude lower than a tablet without biostatic agent (90% PSI, 10% stearic acid).
Anvendelseseksempler Application examples
Antimykotisk virkning av PSI holdige tablettlignende formlegemer. Antimycotic effect of PSI-containing tablet-like shaped bodies.
1. Materiale og metoder 1. Material and methods
1. 1 Anvendte agar- sorter: 1. 1 Agar types used:
Kode-nr. 211 Sabouraud-Agar 2% glukose (Merck/l ,07315) Code no. 211 Sabouraud-Agar 2% glucose (Merck/l .07315)
Kode-nr. 214 Sabouraud-Agar med 4% glukose (Merck/1.05438) og 0,005% Code no. 214 Sabouraud-Agar with 4% glucose (Merck/1.05438) and 0.005%
kloramfenikol (Sigma) chloramphenicol (Sigma)
Kode-nr. 267 Antibiotika-Agar nr. 19 (Difco/0043-17-0) Code no. 267 Antibiotics-Agar no. 19 (Difco/0043-17-0)
1. 2 Forberedelse av testplater: 1. 2 Preparation of test plates:
Etter tilsvarende fortester med alle tre agar-sorter, oppnås de beste resultatene med agar 211 og 267, som følgelig anvendes i det følgende for de kvalitative bioanalysene (hemmeområde-test, henholdsvis agar-diffusjonstest). After corresponding pre-tests with all three agar varieties, the best results are obtained with agar 211 and 267, which are consequently used in the following for the qualitative bioanalyses (inhibition zone test, respectively agar diffusion test).
Den flytende agar tilsettes på et volum på 700 ml i hvert tilfelle 10 ml av en arbeidssuspensjon av testkimene Candida albicans (gjær) henholdsvis Aspergillus niger (muggsopp) med en kimtiter på ca. 10<7> KBE/ml. The liquid agar is added to a volume of 700 ml in each case 10 ml of a working suspension of the test germs Candida albicans (yeast) or Aspergillus niger (mould) with a germ titer of approx. 10<7> CFU/ml.
1. 3 Forsøks gjennomføring ( hemmeområde- test) 1. 3 Execution of the experiment (inhibition area test)
På de fastgjorte agarplatene ble i hvert tilfelle like store stykker av PSI-holdige tabletter (PSI med 0,7% ONS henholdsvis PSI med 1,5% sorbinsyre) anbrakt og inkubert ved 28°C i 5 dager i inkuberingsskap. Equally large pieces of PSI-containing tablets (PSI with 0.7% ONS and PSI with 1.5% sorbic acid respectively) were placed on the fixed agar plates and incubated at 28°C for 5 days in an incubation cabinet.
Som positive kontroller ble det anvendt en antimykotisk virksom formulering (Clotrimazol). Platene ble bedømt på alle arbeidsdager og hemmeområdene ble visuelt bedømt. An antifungal active formulation (Clotrimazole) was used as positive controls. The plates were assessed on all working days and the inhibited areas were visually assessed.
1. 4 Test i flytende kultur: 1. 4 Test in liquid culture:
Like store stykker av PSI-holdige tabletter (PSI med 0,7% ONS henholdsvis PSI med 1,5% sorbinsyre) ble tilsatt i kolben med 50 ml kaseinpepton-soyamelpepton-buljong (CSB for eksempel oksoid/ICM 129) som flytende medium og blandet med 0,1 ml av en arbeidssuspensjon av testkimene Candida albicans (gjær) henholdsvis Aspergillus niger (muggsopp) med en kimtiter på IO<7> KBE/ml. Equal-sized pieces of PSI-containing tablets (PSI with 0.7% ONS and PSI with 1.5% sorbic acid, respectively) were added to the flask with 50 ml of casein peptone-soya melpeptone broth (CSB for example oxoid/ICM 129) as liquid medium and mixed with 0.1 ml of a working suspension of the test germs Candida albicans (yeast) or Aspergillus niger (mold) with a germ titer of 10<7> KBE/ml.
Kolbene ble inkubert under risting og parallelt uten risting ved 28°C, og veksten av testkimene ble bedømt i nærvær av PSI-holdige Tabs på bakgrunn av uklarheten av næringsmediet sammenlignet med podet næringsmedium uten PSI (positiv kontroll). The flasks were incubated with shaking and in parallel without shaking at 28°C, and the growth of the test germs was judged in the presence of PSI-containing Tabs on the basis of the turbidity of the nutrient medium compared to inoculated nutrient medium without PSI (positive control).
2. Resultater 2. Results
2. 1 Test av hemmeområdet 2. 1 Test of the inhibition area
Begge tabletter viser etter en dag en sammenlignbar hemmevirkning mot gjær og muggsopper, hvorved de med sorbinsyre konsentrerte tablettene danner tydeligere og skarpere hemmeområder. En nøyaktig kvantifisering av hemmevirkningen er i dette tilfellet ikke mulig. Diameteren av hemmeområdet lar seg imidlertid prinsipielt korrelere med konsentrasjon, hvorved for en kvantifisering imidlertid en nøyaktig referanse med forskjellige konsentrasjoner av et egnet standardstoff er påkrevd. Det må i denne forbindelse også legges merke til at størrelsen av hemmeområdene også er avhengig av molekylvekten for det aktuelle hemmestoffet, og spesielt av dets diffusjonsoppførsel. After one day, both tablets show a comparable inhibitory effect against yeast and moulds, whereby the tablets concentrated with sorbic acid form clearer and sharper inhibitory areas. An exact quantification of the inhibitory effect is not possible in this case. However, the diameter of the inhibition zone can in principle be correlated with concentration, whereby for a quantification, however, an accurate reference with different concentrations of a suitable standard substance is required. In this connection, it must also be noted that the size of the inhibition areas also depends on the molecular weight of the inhibitor in question, and especially on its diffusion behavior.
Dette betyr eksempelvis at lavmolekylære stoffer som raskt diffunderer i agaren danner større hemmesoner enn høymolekylære stoffer med sammenlignbar antimikrobiell virksomhet. This means, for example, that low molecular weight substances that quickly diffuse in the agar form larger inhibition zones than high molecular weight substances with comparable antimicrobial activity.
Ved en bedømmelse etter 4 dager var ingen av de med sorbinsyre eller ONS konserverte Tabs overvokst med Aspergillus. When assessed after 4 days, none of the Tabs preserved with sorbic acid or ONS were overgrown with Aspergillus.
2. 2 flytende kultur 2. 2 liquid culture
For Candida albicans ble følgende kimtall bestemt i kolbene etter inkubasjon: For Candida albicans, the following bacterial counts were determined in the flasks after incubation:
Resultatene for begge mikrobicide tilsatser (1,5% sorbinsyre og 0,7% ONS) er sammenlignbare. Det oppnås en kimereduksjon rundt 1 log-trinn sammenlignet med kontroller. The results for both microbicidal additives (1.5% sorbic acid and 0.7% ONS) are comparable. A germ reduction of around 1 log step is achieved compared to controls.
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DE3726408A1 (en) | 1987-08-07 | 1989-02-16 | Nalco Chemical Co | METHOD AND ADDITIVE FOR CONTROLLING PROCESS-RELATED WATER LEAKS OF CIRCULAR WATER IN CONVERSION SYSTEMS |
US4997890A (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1991-03-05 | Nalco Chemical Company | Sulfomethylation of high molecular weight polyacrylamide |
US4795789A (en) | 1987-10-26 | 1989-01-03 | Nalco Chemical Company | Process for making acrylamido methane sulfonic acid polymers |
US4869828A (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-26 | Nalco Chemical Company | Stabilization of iron in aqueous systems |
US5051401A (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1991-09-24 | University Of South Alabama | Inhibition of mineral deposition by phosphorylated and related polyanionic peptides |
US5038861A (en) | 1990-05-23 | 1991-08-13 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Method for prolonging the useful life of scale inhibitors injected within a formation |
US5143622A (en) | 1991-06-05 | 1992-09-01 | Nalco Chemical Company | Phosphinic acid-containing polymers and their use in preventing scale and corrosion |
US5219952A (en) | 1992-09-18 | 1993-06-15 | Donlar Corporation | Production of high molecular weight polysuccinimide and high molecular weight polyaspartic acid from maleic anhydride and ammonia |
DE4322410A1 (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1995-01-12 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of polysuccinimide and polyaspartic acid |
DE4424476A1 (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1996-01-18 | Bayer Ag | Water treatment agents |
US5655601A (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1997-08-12 | Gas Research Institute | Method for scale inhibitor squeeze application to gas and oil wells |
US5981691A (en) | 1997-04-23 | 1999-11-09 | University Of South Alabama | Imide-free and mixed amide/imide thermal synthesis of polyaspartate |
DE19721590A1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-11-26 | Henkel Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg | Non-drying, viscous surface treatment agent |
DE10101671A1 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-14 | Bayer Ag | Method of conditioning stagnant and flowing water systems |
DE10207088A1 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-28 | Bayer Ag | Prevention of incrustations of phosphate-containing double salts |
-
2003
- 2003-03-11 DE DE10310414A patent/DE10310414A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-02-26 DE DE502004012461T patent/DE502004012461D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-26 AT AT04004325T patent/ATE508096T1/en active
- 2004-02-26 ES ES04004325T patent/ES2365708T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-26 EP EP04004325A patent/EP1464627B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-26 DK DK04004325.9T patent/DK1464627T3/en active
- 2004-03-10 NO NO20041002A patent/NO329274B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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DE10310414A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
NO20041002L (en) | 2004-09-13 |
DK1464627T3 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
DE502004012461D1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
ATE508096T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
ES2365708T3 (en) | 2011-10-10 |
EP1464627B1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
EP1464627A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
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