NO328300B1 - Early warning system for wind turbines. - Google Patents
Early warning system for wind turbines. Download PDFInfo
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- NO328300B1 NO328300B1 NO20040420A NO20040420A NO328300B1 NO 328300 B1 NO328300 B1 NO 328300B1 NO 20040420 A NO20040420 A NO 20040420A NO 20040420 A NO20040420 A NO 20040420A NO 328300 B1 NO328300 B1 NO 328300B1
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- SDIXRDNYIMOKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium methyl arsenate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C[As]([O-])([O-])=O SDIXRDNYIMOKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/048—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0292—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power to reduce fatigue
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/96—Mounting on supporting structures or systems as part of a wind turbine farm
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/321—Wind directions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/322—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters the detection or prediction of a wind gust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/805—Radars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/806—Sonars
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Description
Vindenergianlegg er alt etter størrelse og effektutlegning relativt dyre investeringsobjekter som må bli beskyttet mot ødeleggelser, skader og andre årsaker som kan føre til svikt i et vindenergianlegg, når den lange levetiden som- er lovet for vindenergianleggene skal bli nådd. Samtidig består for vindenergianlegg hele tiden ønsket om å drive med den maksimalt mulige effekten, slik at også et maksimalt stort energiutbytte kan bli oppnådd. Begge målene, nemlig den lange levetiden på den ene siden og det størst mulige energiutbytte på den andre siden står til dels diametralt mot hverandre, til slutt ville det riktignok i utgangspunktet være mulig å kjøre et vindenergianlegg også delvis i overbelastningsområdet, hvorved energiutbyttet blir økt, men noe som også samtidig ville føre til en tydelig forkortelse av levetiden. Blir et vindenergianlegg derimot bare kjørt i ganske små vindhastighetsområder så er anlegget sikkert bedre beskyttet enn andre, men ut fra sitt energiutbytte utilstrekkelig. Depending on their size and power design, wind energy plants are relatively expensive investment objects that must be protected against destruction, damage and other causes that can lead to the failure of a wind energy plant, when the long lifetime promised for the wind energy plants is to be reached. At the same time, for wind energy plants there is always the desire to operate with the maximum possible effect, so that a maximum energy yield can also be achieved. Both goals, namely the long service life on the one hand and the greatest possible energy yield on the other hand, are partly diametrically opposed to each other, in the end it would indeed be possible to run a wind energy plant also partly in the overload area, whereby the energy yield is increased, but something that would also at the same time lead to a clear shortening of the lifespan. If, on the other hand, a wind energy plant is only operated in fairly small wind speed areas, the plant is certainly better protected than others, but based on its energy yield insufficient.
Fra den kjente teknikk skal det vises til WO 9842980. From the known technique, reference should be made to WO 9842980.
Det er oppfinnelsens formål å angi forholdsregler og muligheter, hvordan et vindenergianlegg kan bli beskyttet mot skader eller omstendigheter som kan føre til svikt i et energianlegg, men hvor samtidig også et maksimalt mulig energiutbytte kan foregå. It is the purpose of the invention to indicate precautions and possibilities, how a wind energy plant can be protected against damage or circumstances that can lead to failure of an energy plant, but where at the same time a maximum possible energy yield can take place.
Formålet blir oppnådd ved hjelp av en oppfinnelse med kjennetegnene ifølge krav 1. Fordelaktige utførelsesformer er angitt i de uselvstendige krav. The purpose is achieved by means of an invention with the characteristics according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are indicated in the independent claims.
Oppfinnelsen beror på den kunnskapen, ikke bare som hittil å måle vindforholdene i et vindenergianlegg ved hjelp av anemometer, men også å anvende disse måleresultatene for vindenergianleggene som i vindretningen er anordnet bak det første vindenergianlegget, slik at disse ved behov f.eks. når det opptrer en byge i god tid før bygen inntreffer kan foreta en bladinnstillingsvinkelforandring på vindenergianlegget, og at når bygen inntreffer på vindenergianlegget at belastningen ikke blir så stor at dette allikevel kan føre til skader. The invention is based on that knowledge, not only to measure the wind conditions in a wind energy plant using an anemometer, but also to use these measurement results for the wind energy plants that are arranged behind the first wind energy plant in the direction of the wind, so that these, if necessary, e.g. when a shower occurs well in advance of the shower, a blade setting angle change can be made on the wind energy plant, and that when the shower occurs on the wind energy plant that the load does not become so great that this could still lead to damage.
Tidligvarslingssystemet ifølge oppfinnelsen baserer seg i grunnen på to for tiden forskjellige utgangspunkter, men som også kan bli kombinert med hverandre og så utfylle hverandre gjensidig. The early warning system according to the invention is basically based on two currently different starting points, but which can also be combined with each other and then mutually complement each other.
En mulighet består i å anbringe et såkalt SODAR-system (se f.eks. http://akulOO.physik.uni-oldenburg.de/schallausbreitung/sodarl) på selve vindenergianlegget, fortrinnsvis på gondolen, eksempelvis i det fremre navområdet foran rotoren. Slike SODAR-systemer (Sonic Detection and Ranging) er i stand til å registrere vindforholdene tredimensjonalt (online) i en ønsket retning (i vindretningen) foran vindenergianlegget. Blir altså et SODAR-system anbrakt på en gondol i vindenergianlegget og rettet inn mot området foran rotoren til vindenergianlegget, så behøver det ikke å foregå noen etterjustering (da SODAR-systemet hele tiden med gondolen er rettet inn i retning av hovedvindretningen) og kan observere området foran rotoren i vindenergianlegget med hensyn til om byger opptrer. One possibility is to place a so-called SODAR system (see e.g. http://akulOO.physik.uni-oldenburg.de/schallausbreitung/sodarl) on the wind energy plant itself, preferably on the nacelle, for example in the front hub area in front of the rotor . Such SODAR systems (Sonic Detection and Ranging) are able to record the wind conditions three-dimensionally (online) in a desired direction (downwind) in front of the wind energy plant. Thus, if a SODAR system is placed on a gondola in the wind energy plant and directed towards the area in front of the rotor of the wind energy plant, no readjustment needs to take place (as the SODAR system is always aligned with the gondola in the direction of the main wind direction) and can observe the area in front of the rotor in the wind energy plant with regard to whether showers occur.
Riktignok har SODAR-systemer i grunnen vært kjent lenge, men i lang tid er de bare blitt bygget opp stasjonært eller som mobile anlegg transportert på en tilhenger og tjener da bare til engangsmålinger av en vindprofil i et bestemt område. It is true that SODAR systems have basically been known for a long time, but for a long time they have only been built up stationary or as mobile installations transported on a trailer and then only serve for one-off measurements of a wind profile in a specific area.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen blir slike SODAR-systemer plassert på vindenergianlegget og ikke bare en gang bygget opp stasjonært, slik at når en byge nærmer seg som kunne føre til uønsket overbelastning av vindenergianlegget, blir dette oppdaget i tide, og allerede før bygen inntreffer i vindenergianlegget blir rotorbladene innstilt passende, slik at belastningen på vindenergianlegget fra den innkommende bygen er tydelig mindre enn med ikke innstilte rotorblader. According to the invention, such SODAR systems are placed on the wind energy plant and not just once built up stationary, so that when a shower approaches that could lead to an unwanted overload of the wind energy plant, this is detected in time, and even before the shower hits the wind energy plant, the rotor blades are adjusted appropriately, so that the load on the wind energy plant from the incoming shower is clearly less than with unadjusted rotor blades.
Er SODAR-systemet anbrakt i et vindenergianlegg (eller flere) som står i en vindpark og er dette vindenergianlegget oppstilt i kantområdet av vindparken som vinden som nærmer seg treffer først, så kan dataene som er målt av SODAR-systemet ikke bare bli bearbeidet i vindenergianlegget som bærer SODAR-systemet, men også av alle andre vindenergianlegg som i vindretningen står bak vindenergianlegget som er utrustet med SODAR-systemet, slik at bygen eller andre ugunstige vindforhold som går igjennom heller ikke der kan anrette noen skade, når vindenergianleggene stiller rotorbladene tilsvarende i vinden og dermed blir uangripelig for en byge eller andre ugunstige vindforhold. If the SODAR system is located in a wind energy plant (or several) that is in a wind farm and this wind energy plant is set up in the edge area of the wind farm that the approaching wind hits first, then the data measured by the SODAR system cannot only be processed in the wind energy plant which carries the SODAR system, but also of all other wind energy plants which are behind the wind energy plant equipped with the SODAR system in the direction of the wind, so that the shower or other unfavorable wind conditions that pass through cannot cause any damage there either, when the wind energy plants set the rotor blades accordingly in the wind and thus becomes invulnerable to a shower or other adverse wind conditions.
Men i en vindpark er også et alternativ for et tidligvarslingssystem mulig, idet anemometerne og belastningsmåleinnretningene som hittil har vært i bruk og som er anbrakt på et vindenergianlegg blir anvendt til ikke bare å levere data som er viktige for vindenergianlegget som bærer anemometeret eller belastningsmåleinnretningene, men også blir vurdert for vindretningen bak vindenergianlegget med anemometeret. Måler eksempelvis anemometeret meget store vindstyrker så kan tilsvarende informasjoner bli avgitt til andre anlegg som i vindretningen står bak det berørte vindenergianlegget, og disse kan så ennå i tide før uønskede belastningtruende vindforhold inntreffer stille rotorbladene slik eller gripe til andre forholdsregler, f.eks. stenge av anleggene helt, slik at belastningene fremkalt av de ugunstige vindforholdene og dermed eventuelle skader som kan oppstå blir minst mulig, fortrinnsvis helt unngått. But in a wind farm, an alternative for an early warning system is also possible, as the anemometers and load measuring devices that have been in use up to now and which are placed on a wind energy plant are used to not only deliver data that is important for the wind energy plant that carries the anemometer or the load measuring devices, but is also assessed for the wind direction behind the wind energy plant with the anemometer. If, for example, the anemometer measures very large wind forces, corresponding information can be sent to other facilities that are behind the affected wind energy facility in the direction of the wind, and these can then still in time before unwanted load-threatening wind conditions occur, stop the rotor blades in this way or take other precautions, e.g. shut down the facilities completely, so that the loads caused by the unfavorable wind conditions and thus any damage that may occur are as little as possible, preferably completely avoided.
En innstilling av rotorbladene i vinden fører regelmessig til at flatene på rotorbladene som er utsatt for vinden avtar og dette kan etter omstendighetene føre til en reduksjon av den elektriske effekten. Men denne ulempen er det tatt hensyn til når det ved å unngå overbelastninger kan bli unngått omfattende skader, definitivt kan allerede få tilfeller av overbelastning tydelig redusere levetiden for hele anlegget, slik at en forbigående redusert effekt neppe veier tungt når man tar dette i betraktning for hele levetiden for vindenergianlegget. Setting the rotor blades in the wind regularly causes the surfaces of the rotor blades that are exposed to the wind to decrease and this can, depending on the circumstances, lead to a reduction of the electrical power. But this disadvantage has been taken into account when, by avoiding overloads, extensive damage can be avoided, definitely already a few cases of overload can clearly reduce the lifetime of the entire plant, so that a temporarily reduced effect hardly weighs heavily when you take this into account for the entire lifetime of the wind energy plant.
Tidligvarslingssystemet ifølge oppfinnelsen, hvor dataene (vind-, belastningsdata) som blir målt i et vindenergianlegg vil kunne bli anvendt også for andre vindenergianlegg forutsetter et kommunikasjonsnettverk mellom vindenergianleggene i en vindpark, hvor dataoverføringen kan foregå trådløst eller også bundet til ledninger og for selve overføringen kan kjente nettverksteknologier bli anvendt. The early warning system according to the invention, where the data (wind, load data) that is measured in a wind energy plant can also be used for other wind energy plants requires a communication network between the wind energy plants in a wind farm, where the data transmission can take place wirelessly or also tied to wires and for the transmission itself can known network technologies are used.
Dataoverføringen kan fra anlegg til anlegg her foregå over en sentral styring. Den sentrale styringen kan igjen videresende informasjonene med hensyn til vindforholdene, som blir målt i anlegget, til alle eller utvalgte vindenergianlegg (f.eks. de i "vindskyggen" til et bestemt anlegg) i en vindpark, og/eller på sin side stille til rådighet og formidle de nødvendige styringssignalene til hvert av vindenergianleggene. Naturligvis er også en kombinasjon av SODAR og anemoneter-måleregistreringene tenkelig, slik at på den ene siden kan overføringen foregå fra anlegg til anlegg, og på den andre siden gjennom en sentral styring, slik at det foreligger en informasjonsredundanse som muliggjør en feilkorrigering. Videre kan en plausibilitetskontroll f.eks. foregå slik at styringsanvisningene for vindenergianlegget utgitt fra sentralstyringen blir kontrollert ved hjelp av vindhastighets- h.h.v. vindretningsdataene overført fra anlegg til anlegg og blir utført bare ved påvist plausibilitet. The data transfer from plant to plant here can take place via a central control. The central control can in turn forward the information regarding the wind conditions, which are measured in the facility, to all or selected wind energy facilities (e.g. those in the "wind shadow" of a particular facility) in a wind farm, and/or in turn availability and convey the necessary control signals to each of the wind energy facilities. Naturally, a combination of SODAR and the anemoneter measurement records is also conceivable, so that on the one hand the transfer can take place from facility to facility, and on the other hand through a central control, so that there is an information redundancy that enables error correction. Furthermore, a plausibility check can e.g. take place in such a way that the control instructions for the wind energy plant issued from the central control are controlled by means of wind speed, i.e. the wind direction data is transferred from plant to plant and is carried out only if plausibility is demonstrated.
På den andre siden kan naturligvis også hvert anlegg ved hjelp av dataene overført mellom anleggene i sin egen styringsinnretning foreta en tilsvarende styring, og en sentralstyring gjennomfører en tilsvarende overvåkning. On the other hand, of course, each facility can also use the data transferred between the facilities in its own control device to carry out a corresponding control, and a central control unit carries out a corresponding monitoring.
Da avstanden mellom de enkelte vindenergianleggene i en vindpark ikke kan bli forandret så kan det ved hjelp av den kjente vindhastigheten, når det opptrer ugunstige vindforhold, ganske sikkert bli (forut-)beregnet når de tilsvarende ugunstige vindforholdene, f.eks. byger når frem til hvilke anlegg. As the distance between the individual wind energy facilities in a wind farm cannot be changed, using the known wind speed, when unfavorable wind conditions occur, it can be (pre-)calculated with certainty when the corresponding unfavorable wind conditions, e.g. storms reach which facilities.
Overensstemmende med dette kan f.eks. et vindhastighetsavhengig tidsforløp bli beregnet, som anlegget trenger for å foreta de nødvendige innstillingene (innstillingsvinkel for rotorblader mot vinden). Alternativt eller utfyllende kan en fiks komponent bli innført for tidsforløpet. Consistent with this, e.g. a wind speed-dependent time course be calculated, which the plant needs to make the necessary settings (setting angle for rotor blades against the wind). Alternatively or additionally, a fixed component can be introduced for the passage of time.
På grunn av avstandene mellom de enkelte vindenergianleggene og vindhastighetene skulle forvarselstiden som fremkommer som regel være tilstrekkelig til å forandre bladvinkelen i tide (Pitchhastigheten ligger ved omtrent 4 til 8°/sekund. Due to the distances between the individual wind energy facilities and the wind speeds, the warning time that appears should usually be sufficient to change the blade angle in time (the pitch speed is approximately 4 to 8°/second.
Som nevnt kan formidlingen av informasjonene med hensyn til vindforholdene som blir målt i et vindenergianlegg i grunnen foregå i alle vindenergianlegg i en vindpark. Et alternativ kan være en vindretningsavhengig informasjonsformidling, hvor da en åpningsvinkel kunne være forutsatt, for i det minste å meddele informasjonene til anleggene som ligger umiddelbart ved siden av vindstien. Denne åpningsvinkelen kan igjen bli valgt fiks eller avhengig av vindretningssvingninger. As mentioned, the dissemination of the information with regard to the wind conditions that are measured in a wind energy facility can basically take place in all wind energy facilities in a wind farm. An alternative could be a wind direction-dependent dissemination of information, where an opening angle could then be assumed, in order to at least communicate the information to the facilities located immediately next to the wind path. This opening angle can again be chosen fixed or dependent on wind direction fluctuations.
Naturligvis kan det i trekkene for informasjonsformidlingen ved siden av de rene vindhastighets- og vindretningsdataene også bli formidlet andre data som identifikasjon fra avsender- og målvindenergianleggene, feilkorrigeringskoder eller lignende informasjoner. Naturally, in the features for the dissemination of information, in addition to the pure wind speed and wind direction data, other data such as identification from the sender and target wind power plants, error correction codes or similar information can also be conveyed.
Det spesielle hensynet til vindretningen synes i dette aspektet hensiktsmessig da det med en vesentlig konstant vindretning stadig kan opptre lokale byger som bare når (kan nå) en del av vindenergianleggene, slik at med dette synspunktet for oppdragsoptimering også bare de vindenergianleggene som virkelig ligger i veien til en slik byge må bli styrt tilsvarende, slik at belastningene som opptrer der faller ut minst mulig. Figur 1 viser som eksempel en vindparkanordning med mange vindenergianlegg 1 som hvert er forbundet med en sentral styring 2. Den sentrale styringen kan her passende bearbeide målte data i de enkelte anleggene og også stille til rådighet passende styringssignaler for enkelte anlegg. Figur 2 viser som eksempel et typisk anvendelsestilfelle. Her strømmer vinden 3 mot et bestemt anlegg 4 som på sin side sender videre de målte dataene til en sentral styring eller på en annen måte (ikke sentralstyring) til andre anlegg. Det er å vente at vinden som treffer anlegget også vil treffe de anleggene som er anordnet i den umiddelbare vindskyggen til anlegget (tett skravert). Men det er absolutt mulig også å gjøre åpningsvinkelen videre (lettere skravert), for dermed å definere en bredere "vindskygge", slik at i samtlige anlegg som delvis eller fullstendig faller innenfor det skraverte området kan måleresultatene for det første anlegget altså også bli anvendt til å styre de andre anleggene i vindskyggen av det første anlegget slik at det ikke opptrer skader på de andre anleggene, og disse dermed også gjennom vurderingen av måleresultatene i det første anlegget kan bli beskyttet. The special consideration of the wind direction seems appropriate in this aspect as, with a substantially constant wind direction, local showers can constantly occur that only reach (can reach) part of the wind energy facilities, so that with this point of view for task optimization also only those wind energy facilities that are really in the way to such a shower must be managed accordingly, so that the loads that occur there fall out as little as possible. Figure 1 shows, as an example, a wind farm arrangement with many wind energy plants 1, each of which is connected to a central controller 2. Here, the central controller can appropriately process measured data in the individual plants and also provide suitable control signals for individual plants. Figure 2 shows, as an example, a typical application case. Here, the wind 3 flows towards a specific facility 4 which in turn forwards the measured data to a central control or in another way (not central control) to other facilities. It is to be expected that the wind that hits the facility will also hit the facilities arranged in the immediate wind shadow of the facility (closely shaded). But it is certainly possible to also make the opening angle further (lighter shaded), in order to define a wider "wind shadow", so that in all plants that partially or completely fall within the shaded area, the measurement results for the first plant can also be used for to control the other plants in the wind shadow of the first plant so that no damage occurs to the other plants, and these can thus also be protected through the assessment of the measurement results in the first plant.
Istedenfor en sentral styring 2 kan - som allerede beskrevet - et annet styringskonsept bli anvendt. Eksempelvis kan også dette konseptet se slik ut at det mellom naboanlegg eller mellom vindenergianlegg i et bestemt område består data-(tele-) forbindelser, og måledata kan på denne måten bli utvekslet også trådløst og uten sentral styring mellom vindenergianleggene. Instead of a central control 2 - as already described - another control concept can be used. For example, this concept can also look like this, where there are data (tele) connections between neighboring plants or between wind energy plants in a specific area, and measurement data can in this way also be exchanged wirelessly and without central control between the wind energy plants.
Det er også mulig at når det opptrer et bestemt vindforhold, f.eks. ved byger, blir ikke bare de konkret berørte anleggene stilt om, men samtlige i det umiddelbare naboskapet til dette anlegget eller anleggene som står i et bestemt geografisk forhold til det berørte anlegget. Dette kan f.eks. ifølge figur 2 også være vindenergianleggene 6 som i vindretningen står til venstre og høyre for det berørte anlegget. It is also possible that when certain wind conditions occur, e.g. in the event of showers, not only the concretely affected facilities are reset, but all in the immediate vicinity of this facility or the facilities that are in a specific geographical relationship to the affected facility. This can e.g. according to figure 2 also be the wind energy facilities 6 which are to the left and right of the affected facility in the direction of the wind.
Er det første anlegget 4 ifølge figur 2 utrustet med en SODAR så kan en byge bli målt allerede når den inntreffer på det første vindenergianlegget, og passende foranstaltninger bli truffet også i det første vindenergianlegget, slik at eventuelle skader kan bli forhindret. If the first facility 4 according to figure 2 is equipped with a SODAR, then a shower can be measured already when it occurs at the first wind energy facility, and appropriate measures can be taken in the first wind energy facility as well, so that any damage can be prevented.
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DE10137272A DE10137272A1 (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2001-07-31 | Early warning system for wind turbines |
PCT/EP2002/007043 WO2003012293A2 (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2002-06-26 | Early-warning system comprising sodar for wind energy turbines |
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