NO322786B1 - Procedure for connecting radio-powered mobile components according to the DECT standard to ISDN home exchanges - Google Patents
Procedure for connecting radio-powered mobile components according to the DECT standard to ISDN home exchanges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO322786B1 NO322786B1 NO19971267A NO971267A NO322786B1 NO 322786 B1 NO322786 B1 NO 322786B1 NO 19971267 A NO19971267 A NO 19971267A NO 971267 A NO971267 A NO 971267A NO 322786 B1 NO322786 B1 NO 322786B1
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- nst
- dect
- mobile
- base stations
- isdn
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/16—WPBX [Wireless Private Branch Exchange]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0435—Details
- H04Q11/0471—Terminal access circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13096—Digital apparatus individually associated with a subscriber line, digital line circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13098—Mobile subscriber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13209—ISDN
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/1322—PBX
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13298—Local loop systems, access network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/1336—Synchronisation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Sub-Exchange Stations And Push- Button Telephones (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte for tilkobling av fra basisstasj oner radiodrevne mobildeler i henhold til DECT-standarden til ISDN-hussentraler, hvor mobildelene uinnskrenket får stilt til rådighet samtlige ytelsestrekk for hussentralen. The invention relates to a method for connecting from base stations radio-operated mobile parts in accordance with the DECT standard to ISDN home exchanges, where the mobile parts have unrestricted access to all the performance features of the home exchange.
For snorløse telekommunikasjonsanlegg er det fastlagt en europeisk standard som omfatter overføringsmetoden og frekvensbåndet for trådløs kommunikasjon i analoge og digitale telefonnett. Denne DECT-standard (Digital European Cordless Telecommunication) baserer seg på radiogrensesnittet mellom mobile trådløse terminaler og en til et telekommunikasjonssystem fast forbundet basisstasj on. Løsningen for å knytte DECT-anlegg til forekommende telekommunikasjonssystemer, f.eks. ISDN-anlegg er kjent. For dette blir generelt en såkalt DECT-kontrollenhet koblet mellom basisstasjonen til DECT-anlegget og telekommunikasjonssystemet. Disse løsningene har imidlertid den ulempe at DECT-terminalene ikke kan støtte alle vanlige ytelsestrekk for hussentralene og således ikke tilby den samme komfort som f.eks. direkte tilknyttede systemterminaler. Dessuten er DECT-kontrollenhetene ved bruk i en liten hussentral uøkonomiske når det bare er nødvendig med noen få basisstasj oner. For dette er det kjent løsninger ved hvilke DECT-kontrollenheten integreres mekanisk i huset til hussentralen. Også denne løsning har prinsipielt de samme ulemper som ovenfor angitt. Videre gis det løsninger ved hvilke DECT-funksjonaliteten riktignok er integrert i de forekommende hussentraler, men med spesielle grensesnittkort som ellers ikke står til rådighet i hussentralen og må overta en del av DECT-funksjonene, f.eks. ekkokompensasjon og ADPCM-talekoding (Adaptive Differential Puls Code Modulation), en språkkoding på 32 kbit/s som sikrer en samtidig overføring av tolv samtaler på samme frekvenskanal. Hussentralanlegget må derfor i betydelig grad endres med hensyn til sin maskinvare og programvare. For cordless telecommunications systems, a European standard has been established which includes the transmission method and frequency band for wireless communication in analogue and digital telephone networks. This DECT standard (Digital European Cordless Telecommunication) is based on the radio interface between mobile wireless terminals and a base station permanently connected to a telecommunications system. The solution for connecting DECT systems to existing telecommunications systems, e.g. ISDN facilities are known. For this, a so-called DECT control unit is generally connected between the base station of the DECT system and the telecommunications system. These solutions, however, have the disadvantage that the DECT terminals cannot support all the usual performance features of the home switchboards and thus do not offer the same comfort as e.g. directly connected system terminals. Moreover, the DECT control units are uneconomical when used in a small house switchboard when only a few base stations are required. For this, there are known solutions by which the DECT control unit is mechanically integrated into the housing of the home switchboard. This solution also has in principle the same disadvantages as stated above. Furthermore, solutions are provided in which the DECT functionality is admittedly integrated in the existing home switchboards, but with special interface cards that are otherwise not available in the home switchboard and must take over part of the DECT functions, e.g. echo compensation and ADPCM speech coding (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation), a language coding of 32 kbit/s which ensures the simultaneous transmission of twelve calls on the same frequency channel. The home central system must therefore be changed to a significant extent with regard to its hardware and software.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen ér å angi en løsning for økonomisk og realisere en DECT-koblingsmulighet til en ISDN-hussentral ved samtidig tilveiebringelse av alle ytelsestrekk for hussentralen ved trådløse DECT-terminaler og dessuten alltid å sikre mobiliteten av hver trådløs terminal i hele radionettet til DECT-anlegget, f.eks. under en forbindelsesoppsetting eller under samtalen. The purpose of the invention is to provide a solution for economical and realize a DECT connection option to an ISDN home switchboard by simultaneously providing all performance features for the home switchboard with wireless DECT terminals and also to always ensure the mobility of each wireless terminal in the entire radio network of the DECT the facility, e.g. during a connection setup or during the call.
Denne hensikt oppnås i henhold til oppfinnelsen slik det er angitt i karakteristikken til krav 1. Ytterligere fordelaktige tiltak fremgår av de uselvstendige krav. This purpose is achieved according to the invention as stated in the characteristic of claim 1. Further advantageous measures appear from the independent claims.
Oppfinnelsen består av spesielle DECT-basisstasjoner som over digitale grensesnitt tilsluttes til en ISDN-hussentral for å realisere et DECT-radionett. DECT-Mobility-Management fremstilles over en programvareapplikasjon i hussentralen. Med DECT-terminalen oppnås dermed alle ytelsestrekk for hussentralen som ved en trådbundet systemtelefon og dertil oppnås abonnentens mobilitet. Den angitte løsning, å implementere de DECT-spesifikke komponenter i basisstasj onen og koble dem til et standard-grensesnittkort, tillater en kostnadsgunstig integrasjon av DECT-standarden i bestående ISDN-hussentraler, da kostnaden for hussentralen begrenser seg til en programvaretilpasning for DECT-Network-Management-programvaren. Løsningen tilbyr derfor den størst mulige komfort ved DECT-mobildelen og tillater en videreutvikling av hussentralytelsestrekkene uten å forandre DECT-infrastrukturen. The invention consists of special DECT base stations which are connected via digital interfaces to an ISDN house switchboard to realize a DECT radio network. DECT-Mobility-Management is produced via a software application in the central office. The DECT terminal thus achieves all the performance features of the home switchboard as with a wired system telephone, and the subscriber's mobility is also achieved. The stated solution, to implement the DECT-specific components in the base station and connect them to a standard interface card, allows a cost-effective integration of the DECT standard into existing ISDN PBXs, as the cost of the PBX is limited to a software adaptation for the DECT network - The management software. The solution therefore offers the greatest possible comfort for the DECT mobile part and allows a further development of the central service features without changing the DECT infrastructure.
I tilknytningen til en av to figurer bestående tegning skal oppfinnelsen forklares nærmere. På tegningen viser In connection with a drawing consisting of two figures, the invention shall be explained in more detail. The drawing shows
fig. 1 blokkdiagrammet av en integrert DECT-hussentral, og fig. 2 blokkdiagrammet av en hussentral som tjener til et telekommunikasjonssystem. fig. 1 the block diagram of an integrated DECT home exchange, and fig. 2 the block diagram of a house exchange serving a telecommunications system.
Fordelen med løsningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen består i at det ikke er nødvendig med noen DECT-kontrollenheter. Basisstasjonene BS i det trådløse kommunikasjonssystem blir f.eks. koblet til hussentralen NST over n UPO-, UKO- eller SO-grensesnitt, dvs. digitale totråds grensesnitt med to B-kanaler med hver 64 kbit/s og en D-kanal med 16 kbit/s og/eller faste S2M-forbindelser, dvs. 30 B-kanaler og en D-kanal med hver 64 kbit/s. Basisstasjonene BS blir fjernmatet fra telekommunikasjonssystemet og synkronisert over en av D-kanalene eller en av B-kanalene på +/- 2 jis. På grunn av denne synkronisering er en avbruddsfri samtaleoverlevering fra basisstasj onen BS til basisstasj onen BS mulig. Over en annen D-kanal eller B-kanal overføres den logiske protokoll mellom hussentralen NST og basisstasjonene BS. Da det herved benyttes standard grensesnittkort i hussentralen NST, hvortil også systemtelefoner ST kan tilkobles, kan trådbundne systemtelefoner ST og DECT-mobildeler MT drives helt på samme måte (fig. 1). Basisstasjonene BS og mobildelene MT tillater nedlasting, dvs. at under driften kan ny programvare lastes inn over hussentralen NST og i DECT-periferienhetene. DECT-mobildelene MT funksjonerer i henhold til en lignende egen stimulusprotokoll, som de trådbundne systemtelefonene ST. I den forbindelse blir bare tastetrykk sendt til hussentralen NST, og evalueringen av tasttrykkene foretas i hussentralen NST og blir kvittert fra hussentralen NST med displaymeldinger etc. til terminalene. Kontrollen av DECT-mobildelene MT blir logisk overtatt av hussentralen NST. Bare radiogrensesnittene blir automatisk styrt av DECT-basisstasjonene BS og DECT-mobildelene MT, slik at det ikke opptrer noen forsinkelser. The advantage of the solution according to the invention is that no DECT control units are required. The base stations BS in the wireless communication system are e.g. connected to the central house NST over n UPO, UKO or SO interfaces, i.e. digital two-wire interfaces with two B-channels of 64 kbit/s each and one D-channel of 16 kbit/s and/or fixed S2M connections, i.e. 30 B-channels and one D-channel with 64 kbit/s each. The base stations BS are remotely fed from the telecommunications system and synchronized over one of the D channels or one of the B channels at +/- 2 jis. Due to this synchronization, an uninterrupted call handover from the base station BS to the base station BS is possible. Over another D channel or B channel, the logical protocol is transmitted between the central house NST and the base stations BS. As a standard interface card is used in the house switchboard NST, to which system telephones ST can also be connected, wired system telephones ST and DECT mobile units MT can be operated in exactly the same way (fig. 1). The base stations BS and the mobile parts MT allow downloading, i.e. during operation new software can be loaded via the home exchange NST and into the DECT peripheral units. The DECT mobile units MT function according to a similar separate stimulus protocol as the wired system telephones ST. In this connection, only keystrokes are sent to the home switchboard NST, and the evaluation of the keystrokes is carried out in the home switchboard NST and is acknowledged from the home switchboard NST with display messages etc. to the terminals. The control of the DECT mobile parts MT is logically taken over by the house switchboard NST. Only the radio interfaces are automatically controlled by the DECT base stations BS and DECT mobile parts MT, so that no delays occur.
De integrerte DECT-mobildeler MT er i stand til å "streife omkring" The integrated DECT handsets MT are capable of "roaming"
(roaming), ved hvilket abonnenten ikke bare kan nås ved sin basisstasjon BS, men hussentralen NST formidler anropet til basisstasjonen BS i systemet hvor abonnenten befinner seg, dvs. at han eksempelvis over alt kan nås i et operatørområde. (roaming), by which the subscriber can not only be reached at his base station BS, but the home exchange NST relays the call to the base station BS in the system where the subscriber is located, i.e. that he can be reached everywhere in an operator area, for example.
En sømløs overlevering (seamless handover) tillater at abonnenten fritt kan bevege seg innenfor det samlede radionett. Samtalen blir i den forbindelse styrt av DECT-hussentralen NST overlevert fra en basisstasjon BS til den neste basisstasjon BS uten at det får noen konsekvenser for samtalen. Iverksettelsen av en overlevering skjer alltid fra mobildelen MT når denne på grunn av analysen av feltstyrke og bitfeilrate registrerer en bedre basisstasjon BS. Overleveringen blir herved støttet ved så mange basisstasj oner BS som kan tilsluttes hussentralen NST, f.eks. ettusen basisstasj oner. Dette ytelsestrekk "handover" er også realisert som "external handover", dvs. at i motsetning til kjente løsninger ved hvilke en "intercell handover" støttes og således en "handover" er mulig til maksimalt 128 basisstasj oner, støttes i den foreliggende løsning en "handover" til så mange basisstasj oner som kan tilsluttes hussentralen. Fra basisstasjonene og mobildelene støttes dertil "intercell handover". A seamless handover allows the subscriber to move freely within the combined radio network. In this connection, the call is controlled by the DECT home exchange NST and handed over from one base station BS to the next base station BS without any consequences for the call. The implementation of a handover always takes place from the mobile part MT when, due to the analysis of field strength and bit error rate, it registers a better base station BS. The handover is hereby supported at as many base stations BS as can be connected to the central house NST, e.g. one thousand base stations. This performance feature "handover" is also realized as "external handover", i.e. that in contrast to known solutions in which an "intercell handover" is supported and thus a "handover" is possible to a maximum of 128 base stations, in the present solution a "handover" to as many base stations as can be connected to the central house. From the base stations and mobile parts, "intercell handover" is also supported.
En slik DECT-hussentral med et antall basisstasj oner BS kan også tilkobles som særskilt enhet (tjener) til andre telekommunikasjonssystemer PABX uten DECT-integrasjon, idet tilknytningen foretas over SO- eller S2M-fastforbindelser med standardprotokollen for en tverrsignalisering (QSIG), (fig- 2). Such a DECT home exchange with a number of base stations BS can also be connected as a separate unit (server) to other telecommunications systems PABX without DECT integration, the connection being made via SO or S2M fixed connections with the standard protocol for a cross signaling (QSIG), (fig - 2).
Ved siden av tilkoblingen av hussentralspesifikke terminaler MT er også driften av DECT-terminaler som arbeider med GAP-protokollen (Generic Access Profile i henhold til CTR 22), mulig. Terminaler med GAP-standard og terminaler MT med hussentralspesifikk protokoll kan ved samme basisstasjon BS drives samtidig, dvs. at GAP-kompatibel terminal like så vel kan benyttes i kontoret eller i huset, idet et mobilapparat MT får aksess til forskjellige faste nett. Ytelsesomfanget til GAP-terminaler er i forhold til de hussentralspesifikke terminaler begrenset, men egner seg imidlertid i tillegg for tilkobling av analoge eller digitale terminaler over såkalte trådløse telefontilkoblingsenheter. In addition to the connection of PBX-specific terminals MT, the operation of DECT terminals that work with the GAP protocol (Generic Access Profile according to CTR 22) is also possible. Terminals with the GAP standard and terminals MT with a house exchange-specific protocol can be operated at the same base station BS at the same time, i.e. a GAP-compatible terminal can just as well be used in the office or in the house, as a mobile device MT gets access to different fixed networks. The scope of performance of GAP terminals is limited in relation to the house switchboard-specific terminals, but is however also suitable for connecting analogue or digital terminals via so-called wireless telephone connection units.
Fangdatamaskiner (laptops) med et PCMCIA-grensesnitt og en DECT-modul kan over radiogrensesnittet f.eks. overføre data med 64 kbit/s til DECT-hussentralen. GAP-evnen til basisstasj onen tillater også drift av såkalte multimodeterminaler, f.eks. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) og DECT eller DCS 1800 (Digital Cellular System, tilsvarer det tyske E+-nett) og DECT i DECT-mode til hussentralen. Mobile computers (laptops) with a PCMCIA interface and a DECT module can over the radio interface e.g. transfer data at 64 kbit/s to the DECT central office. The GAP capability of the base station also allows the operation of so-called multimode terminals, e.g. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and DECT or DCS 1800 (Digital Cellular System, equivalent to the German E+ network) and DECT in DECT mode to the central office.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19616239A DE19616239C2 (en) | 1996-04-15 | 1996-04-15 | Method for connecting base stations of a cordless communication system to an ISDN private branch exchange |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO971267D0 NO971267D0 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
NO971267L NO971267L (en) | 1997-10-16 |
NO322786B1 true NO322786B1 (en) | 2006-12-11 |
Family
ID=7792228
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO19971267A NO322786B1 (en) | 1996-04-15 | 1997-03-19 | Procedure for connecting radio-powered mobile components according to the DECT standard to ISDN home exchanges |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0802693B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3958828B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE360334T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19616239C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2285722T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO322786B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19712047A1 (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1998-09-24 | Deutsche Telephonwerk Kabel | Method for transferring a bidirectional radio connection and arrangement |
AT407813B (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2001-06-25 | Ericsson Austria Ag | TELEPHONE SYSTEM |
WO2000035217A1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-06-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Device and method for the radio transmission of telephone calls via several base stations to dect mobile phones |
FR2796791B1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2002-10-25 | Sagem | METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH TWO DIGITAL TELEPHONE NETWORKS |
DE10120763C2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2003-07-03 | Tenovis Gmbh & Co Kg | Switching system, base station and method for transmitting performance features of a switching system |
DE102004057380A1 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-01 | Te.Inter.Com Gmbh | Telecommunications facility, e.g. for ISDN communication, has communications units to produce links to service provider and series of interfaces |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4022929A1 (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-01-23 | Hagenuk Telecom Gmbh | DEVICE FOR TRAINING SUB-SYSTEMS |
DE4029528A1 (en) * | 1990-09-18 | 1992-03-19 | Philips Patentverwaltung | TELEPHONE FOR A SERVICE-INTEGRATED DIGITAL NEWS NETWORK (ISDN) |
WO1992008290A1 (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-05-14 | Motorola, Inc. | Mobile isdn radio system |
JPH04170825A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-06-18 | Toshiba Corp | Radio communication system |
DE4128811A1 (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-03-04 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | EXTENSION SYSTEM |
GB9218864D0 (en) * | 1992-09-05 | 1992-10-21 | Philips Electronics Uk Ltd | A method of,and system for,transmitting data over a communications channel |
GB9303994D0 (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1993-04-14 | Shaye Communications Ltd | Improvements relating to duplex communications systems |
DE4315621A1 (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1994-11-17 | Sel Alcatel Ag | Interface arrangement for connecting base stations to a private branch exchange |
CA2137383C (en) * | 1994-01-03 | 2001-02-13 | Gary Len Griffith | A switching arrangement for handling wireless terminals with switch features for handling wired terminals |
EP0679006A2 (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for signal processing in telecommunication terminals |
DE59603171D1 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1999-10-28 | Siemens Ag | CELLULAR CORDLESS TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH ISDN CONNECTION |
-
1996
- 1996-04-15 DE DE19616239A patent/DE19616239C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-03-12 DE DE59712836T patent/DE59712836D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-12 ES ES97250068T patent/ES2285722T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-12 AT AT97250068T patent/ATE360334T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-12 EP EP97250068A patent/EP0802693B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-19 NO NO19971267A patent/NO322786B1/en unknown
- 1997-04-15 JP JP09683597A patent/JP3958828B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59712836D1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
NO971267D0 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
ES2285722T3 (en) | 2007-11-16 |
EP0802693B1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
DE19616239A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
EP0802693A3 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
JPH10108241A (en) | 1998-04-24 |
NO971267L (en) | 1997-10-16 |
JP3958828B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
DE19616239C2 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
ATE360334T1 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
EP0802693A2 (en) | 1997-10-22 |
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