NO179525B - Wrapping - Google Patents
Wrapping Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO179525B NO179525B NO923836A NO923836A NO179525B NO 179525 B NO179525 B NO 179525B NO 923836 A NO923836 A NO 923836A NO 923836 A NO923836 A NO 923836A NO 179525 B NO179525 B NO 179525B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- fat
- wrapping
- wrapping paper
- hydrogenated
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000021149 fatty food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008385 outer phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/10—Packing paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/42—Applications of coated or impregnated materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører innpakningspapir for spesielt fettholdige næringsmiddelprodukter. The present invention relates to wrapping paper for particularly fatty food products.
Som fett-tette innpaknings- eller omhyllingspapir for innpakning av fettholdige næringsmidler, som skal forhindre gjennomslag av fettet, er såkalte pergamin- eller pergament-erstatningspapir kjente, som f.eks. ifølge Winnacker-Weingaertner "Chemiesche Technologie", bind I, side 606 As fat-tight wrapping or enveloping paper for wrapping fatty foods, which should prevent the fat from penetrating, so-called parchment or parchment replacement paper are known, such as e.g. according to Winnacker-Weingaertner "Chemiesche Technologie", volume I, page 606
(1952) oppnås fra sulfittcellulose etter kort ItøSC^-be-handling ved klebrig utmåling i hollender og sterkt fuktig glatting som fast, for det meste tynt papir. På grunn av den dårlige folde— og vikleevnen og papirets tendens til å anta den opprinnelige, flate utformingen, er slike pergament-erstatningspapir uegnede som lett innpakningspapir. (1952) is obtained from sulphite cellulose after short ItøSC^ treatment by sticky measuring in Dutch and strongly moist smoothing as firm, mostly thin paper. Due to the poor folding and wrapping ability and the tendency of the paper to assume the original flat design, such parchment substitute papers are unsuitable as light wrapping paper.
Videre er det fra DE-PS 622825 kjent vanntette papir som er fremstilt under anvendelse av en blanding av cellulosederi-vater med kautsjuk, olje, fett eller voks under tilsats av organiske oppløsningsmidler, hvorved denne blandingen etter avdrivning av oppløsningsmiddelt tilsettes til papiret og bringes til sammenflytning i det ferdige papiret ved trykk og varme. Fremstillingen av dette papiret er omstendelig, videre er papiret på grunn av eventuelle oppløsningsmiddelrester ikke egnet for innpakning av næringsmidler. Furthermore, waterproof paper is known from DE-PS 622825 which is produced using a mixture of cellulose derivatives with rubber, oil, fat or wax with the addition of organic solvents, whereby this mixture is added to the paper after stripping off the solvent and brought to coalescence in the finished paper by pressure and heat. The production of this paper is cumbersome, and due to possible solvent residues, the paper is not suitable for wrapping foodstuffs.
På grunn av de ovenfor nevnte ulempene anvender man generelt som innpakningspapir for spesielt fettholdige næringsmidler papir som på en eller begge sider er belagt med parafin, for fremstilling av dette påføres flytende voks i konvensjonelle beleggingsmaskiner og reduseres med en gummivalse til en besjiktning på ca. 15 g/m<2> og avkjøles deretter. Bortsett fra at valget av parafiner medfører vanskeligheter fordi hårdparafinert papir får sprekker i den minste bøyning, mens mykparafinert papir avgir fett og spesielt i varme soner og i varmere årstider ikke er egnet for innpakning av fettfølsomme varer, bør anvnedelsen av parafinert papir i henhold til BGA-anbefålingene XXV, 183. Mitt. BGesundhBl. 32, 212 (1988) for fettholdige næringsmidler, hvorav fett utgjør den ytre fasen, unngås og skal utelukkes i henhold til næringsmiddelrettslige bestemmelser. Due to the above-mentioned disadvantages, paper that is coated on one or both sides with paraffin is generally used as wrapping paper for particularly fatty foods. To produce this, liquid wax is applied in conventional coating machines and reduced with a rubber roller to a coating of approx. 15 g/m<2> and then cooled. Apart from the fact that the choice of waxes causes difficulties because hard waxed paper cracks at the slightest bend, while soft waxed paper emits grease and, especially in hot zones and in warmer seasons, is not suitable for wrapping grease-sensitive goods, the use of waxed paper according to BGA -recommendations XXV, 183. Mitt. BGesundhBl. 32, 212 (1988) for fatty foods, of which fat forms the outer phase, is avoided and must be excluded in accordance with provisions of food law.
Til grunn for oppfinnelsen lå følgelig den oppgave å foreslå innpakningspapir, som spesielt er egnet for fettholdige næringsmidler, som på økonomisk måte kan fremstilles på vanlige belegningsinnrentinger og som oppviser de ønskede mekaniske , henholdsvis fysikalske, egenskapene. The basis for the invention was therefore the task of proposing wrapping paper, which is particularly suitable for fatty foodstuffs, which can be economically produced on ordinary coating equipment and which exhibits the desired mechanical, respectively physical, properties.
For løsning av denne oppgaven forslås det følgelig et innpakningspapir av den innledningsvis nevnte typen, som er dannet i henhold til den karakteriserende delen av hoved-kravet, hvorved spesielt foretrukne utførelsesformer er angitt i underkravene. In order to solve this problem, a wrapping paper of the type mentioned at the outset is therefore proposed, which is formed according to the characterizing part of the main claim, whereby particularly preferred embodiments are indicated in the subordinate claims.
Overraskende har det vist seg at innpakningspapiret ifølge oppfinnelsen ikke bare i mekanisk og fysikalsk henseende, spesielt når det gjelder plastisitet og oksydasjonsstabilitet er like god som, henholdsvis overlegen, de kjente innpakningspapirene som på den ene siden er belagt med mikro-krystallinsk parafin, men kan også næringsmiddelrettslig uten problem anvendes og forråtner lett i motsetning til parafinert papir og er dermed miljøvennlig. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the wrapping paper according to the invention is not only in mechanical and physical terms, especially in terms of plasticity and oxidation stability, as good as, or superior to, the known wrapping papers which are coated on the one hand with micro-crystalline paraffin, but can can also be used under food law without any problems and rots easily in contrast to paraffined paper and is therefore environmentally friendly.
Utgangspapiret som skal belegges tilsvarer også utgangspapiret som hittil har vært anvendt for fremstilling av parafinert innpakningspapir. Generelt anvendes forholdsvis faste papirsorter med en papirvekt på 20 til 60 g/m2 . The starting paper to be coated also corresponds to the starting paper that has been used up until now for the production of paraffined wrapping paper. In general, relatively firm paper types with a paper weight of 20 to 60 g/m2 are used.
For belegging anvendes hydrerte fett-typer, det vil si animalske eller vegetabilske triglyserider som har et smeltepunkt, henholdsvis størkningspunkt, melleom 45 og 62°C. Beleggingen foregår i en mengde på 10 til 25 g/m2 . Spesielt egnede triglyserider er slike som er hydrert til et jodtall på 0 til 20, og fortrinnsvis 5 til 10. Spesielt foretrukket er hydrerte triglyserider, av både vegetabilsk og animalsk opphav eller slike av blandinger av animalske og vegetabilske råoljer, hvorved vektforholdet mellom stearinsyre og lengere— og korterekjedede fettsyrer i sluttproduktet utgjør 50:50 til 80:20, og fortrinnsvis 60:40 til 75:25; slike hydrerte triglyserider viser en tilstrekkelig plastisitet og gir ikke brudd ved bøying. For coating, hydrated types of fat are used, i.e. animal or vegetable triglycerides which have a melting point or solidification point of between 45 and 62°C. The coating takes place in a quantity of 10 to 25 g/m2. Particularly suitable triglycerides are those which are hydrogenated to an iodine value of 0 to 20, and preferably 5 to 10. Particularly preferred are hydrogenated triglycerides, of both vegetable and animal origin or those of mixtures of animal and vegetable crude oils, whereby the weight ratio between stearic acid and longer — and shorter-chain fatty acids in the final product make up 50:50 to 80:20, and preferably 60:40 to 75:25; such hydrated triglycerides show sufficient plasticity and do not break when bent.
Et hydrert fett som er spesielt egnet for belegging på en eller begge sider av innpakningspapiret ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnås som i følgende eksempel: A hydrated fat which is particularly suitable for coating one or both sides of the wrapping paper according to the invention is obtained as in the following example:
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Som animalsk fett ble 100 kg svinefettpå kejnt måte, som ved matoljeraffinering, befridd for syre med natronlut inntil et innehold av frie fettsyrer på 0,08 vekt-56. Deretter ble det syrefrie svinefettet hydrert i en rørerautoklav under tilsats av 0,25 vekt-# av en nikkelkatalysator med 20 vekt-# nikkel ved 200°C og et rrykk på 2 bar, inntil det hydrerte sluttproduktet oppviste et jodtall på 10. Deretter ble det hydrerte triglyseridet filtrert og behandlet med 0,75 vekt-# aktiv blekejord og på nytt frafiltrert og deretter deodorert ved en temperatur på 245"C og et trykk på 3 mbar i løpet av 4 timer. As animal fat, 100 kg of pork fat was in a strange way, as in cooking oil refining, freed from acid with caustic soda until a content of free fatty acids of 0.08 weight-56. The acid-free lard was then hydrogenated in a stirrer autoclave under the addition of 0.25 wt-# of a nickel catalyst with 20 wt-# of nickel at 200°C and a pressure of 2 bar, until the hydrogenated final product showed an iodine value of 10. the hydrated triglyceride filtered and treated with 0.75 wt-# of active bleaching earth and again filtered off and then deodorized at a temperature of 245°C and a pressure of 3 mbar during 4 hours.
Det etter raffinering og herding oppnådde ferdigproduktet hadde følgende egenskaper: The finished product obtained after refining and hardening had the following properties:
Fettsyresammensetning i vekt-#: Fatty acid composition in weight #:
Det ifølge eksempel 1 oppnådde hydrerte fettet ble anvendt for ensidig belegging på et utgangspapir av vanlig type på følgnede måte: The hydrogenated fat obtained according to example 1 was used for one-sided coating on an output paper of a normal type in the following manner:
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Det hydrerte fettet ble plassert i en forrådsbeholder oppvarmed ved hjelp av en termoolje til en temperatur på ca. 90 °C i trauet av en besjiktningsinnretning, hvorved råpapiret ble hengt inn som rotasjonsrull i avviklingsdelen av denne beleggingsmaskinen. Føringen av papirhanen foregikk rundt en i trauet anordnet stålvalse på en slik måte at bare ytter-siden av papirhanen ble belagt med det flytende hydrerte fettet. Den påførte mengden hydrert fett ble redusert ved hjelp av en innstillbar gummivalse til den ønskede mengden på ca. 5 til 18 g/m<2> og ble deretter ført over en kjølesylinder. Den avkjølte papirhanen ble igjen oppviklet som rotasjonsrull og deretter bearbeidet på en tverrsnitter til de ønskede formatene. The hydrogenated fat was placed in a storage container heated by means of a thermal oil to a temperature of approx. 90 °C in the trough of a coating device, whereby the raw paper was hung as a rotary roll in the unwinding part of this coating machine. The guiding of the paper tap took place around a steel roller arranged in the trough in such a way that only the outer side of the paper tap was coated with the liquid hydrogenated fat. The applied amount of hydrated fat was reduced by means of an adjustable rubber roller to the desired amount of approx. 5 to 18 g/m<2> and was then passed over a cooling cylinder. The cooled paper tap was again wound up as a rotary roll and then processed on a cross cutter into the desired formats.
Innpakningspapirene fremstilt ifølge eksempel 2 viste på den ubelagte siden en noe ru papirstruktur og hadde på den belagte siden et glatt utseende; de tilsvarende papirene kunne lett pakkes omkring forskjelligf ormede ernæringspro-dukter, uten at det viste seg riss i beleggingen; det opptrådte heller ikke noen betydelig tilbakestillingskraft ved vanlig innpakning av firkantede gjenstander. The wrapping papers produced according to example 2 showed on the uncoated side a somewhat rough paper structure and on the coated side had a smooth appearance; the corresponding papers could easily be wrapped around variously shaped nutritional products, without cracks appearing in the coating; nor did any significant reset force appear when square objects were wrapped normally.
Prinsippielt kan innpakningspapiret ifølge oppfinnelsen avhengig av kravene, belegges både på den ene eller også på begge sider. Selv etter lengere lagring ved romtemperatur viser innpakningspapiret ifølge oppfinnelsen en fremragende oksydasjonsstabilitet; de er luktfrie og fører heller ikke til noen påvirkning av næringsmidler som er innpakket med papiret. In principle, the wrapping paper according to the invention can be coated on one or both sides, depending on the requirements. Even after longer storage at room temperature, the wrapping paper according to the invention shows excellent oxidation stability; they are odorless and also do not affect foodstuffs wrapped in the paper.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4133716A DE4133716C1 (en) | 1991-10-11 | 1991-10-11 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO923836D0 NO923836D0 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
NO923836L NO923836L (en) | 1993-04-13 |
NO179525B true NO179525B (en) | 1996-07-15 |
NO179525C NO179525C (en) | 1996-10-23 |
Family
ID=6442507
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO923836A NO179525C (en) | 1991-10-11 | 1992-10-01 | Wrapping |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0536861B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE136959T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ302492A3 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4133716C1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0536861T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2085557T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI924587A (en) |
NO (1) | NO179525C (en) |
PL (1) | PL296206A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6645261B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2003-11-11 | Cargill, Inc. | Triacylglycerol-based alternative to paraffin wax |
US6503285B1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2003-01-07 | Cargill, Inc. | Triacylglycerol based candle wax |
US7128766B2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2006-10-31 | Cargill, Incorporated | Triacylglycerol based wax compositions |
US7192457B2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2007-03-20 | Cargill, Incorporated | Wax and wax-based products |
DE102004002664B4 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2006-09-14 | Papier-Mettler Inhaber Michael Mettler | Wrapping paper and method for its production |
AU2006205023C1 (en) | 2005-01-10 | 2012-05-24 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Candle and candle wax containing metathesis and metathesis-like products |
CN101563434B (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2012-01-25 | 埃莱文斯可更新科学公司 | Hot melt adhesive compositions comprising metathesized unsaturated polyol ester wax |
WO2008103289A1 (en) | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-28 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Wax compositions and methods of preparing wax compositions |
MX2009013053A (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2010-01-18 | Elevance Renewable Sciences | Prilled waxes comprising small particles and smooth-sided compression candles made therefrom. |
CA2690811C (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2017-02-28 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Hybrid wax compositions for use in compression molded wax articles such as candles |
EP2545151B1 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2013-12-11 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Lipid-based wax compositions substantially free of fat bloom and methods of making |
WO2011143037A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Natural oil based marking compositions and their methods of making |
EP2590911B1 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2014-05-14 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Waxes derived from metathesized natural oils and amines and methods of making |
KR20140004107A (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-01-10 | 엘레반스 리뉴어블 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 | Lipid-based wax compositions substantially free of fat bloom and methods of making |
EP2729556A1 (en) | 2011-07-10 | 2014-05-14 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Metallic soap compositions for various applications |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE622825C (en) * | 1931-07-30 | 1935-12-07 | Eugen Sonnenfeld Dr | Process for making waterproof paper |
US2784891A (en) * | 1956-03-19 | 1957-03-12 | Harvey T Thielke | Coating composition |
-
1991
- 1991-10-11 DE DE4133716A patent/DE4133716C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-10-01 NO NO923836A patent/NO179525C/en unknown
- 1992-10-02 CZ CS923024A patent/CZ302492A3/en unknown
- 1992-10-06 AT AT92250282T patent/ATE136959T1/en active
- 1992-10-06 EP EP92250282A patent/EP0536861B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-06 DK DK92250282.8T patent/DK0536861T3/en active
- 1992-10-06 DE DE59206022T patent/DE59206022D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-06 ES ES92250282T patent/ES2085557T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-09 PL PL29620692A patent/PL296206A1/en unknown
- 1992-10-09 FI FI924587A patent/FI924587A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0536861A1 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
NO179525C (en) | 1996-10-23 |
FI924587A0 (en) | 1992-10-09 |
DE4133716C1 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
PL296206A1 (en) | 1993-06-14 |
DK0536861T3 (en) | 1996-08-12 |
FI924587A (en) | 1993-04-12 |
CZ302492A3 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
NO923836L (en) | 1993-04-13 |
NO923836D0 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
ES2085557T3 (en) | 1996-06-01 |
DE59206022D1 (en) | 1996-05-23 |
EP0536861B1 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
ATE136959T1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
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