NO173285B - MEASURES FOR PROTECTION AND LUBRICATION OF PIPE COMPOUNDS, SPECIFICALLY CUTTING PARTIES - Google Patents
MEASURES FOR PROTECTION AND LUBRICATION OF PIPE COMPOUNDS, SPECIFICALLY CUTTING PARTIES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO173285B NO173285B NO91913627A NO913627A NO173285B NO 173285 B NO173285 B NO 173285B NO 91913627 A NO91913627 A NO 91913627A NO 913627 A NO913627 A NO 913627A NO 173285 B NO173285 B NO 173285B
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- agent
- approx
- grease
- test
- pipe
- Prior art date
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- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100032157 Adenylate cyclase type 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001629057 Amphibalanus improvisus Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000775498 Homo sapiens Adenylate cyclase type 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206733 Skeletonema Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010067 TiC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003860 topical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M115/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
- C10M115/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
- C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
- C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/006—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/0413—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides use as thickening agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
- C10M2219/0445—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts used as thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
- C10M2219/0466—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts used as thickening agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et middel for beskyttelse og smøring generelt, men har spesiell anvendelse i forbindelse med lagring og bruk av for rørforbindelser, særlig rørgjengepartier, og vil i det nedenstående bli omtalt for slik bruk. The present invention relates to a means of protection and lubrication in general, but has particular application in connection with the storage and use of pipe connections, in particular pipe thread parts, and will be discussed below for such use.
Foreliggende middel er særlig egnet for bruk på rørmaterialer som er beregnet for anvendelse i forbindelse med boring og produksjon av olje og gass i formasjoner både offshore og onshore. Middelet kan betegnes som et universalmiddel i den forstand at det kan brukes på alle typer rør uavhengig av stålkvaliteten i røret, og både i lagrings/transportsituasjon og i operativ bruk i olje/gassbrønner. The present agent is particularly suitable for use on pipe materials that are intended for use in connection with drilling and production of oil and gas in formations both offshore and onshore. The agent can be described as a universal agent in the sense that it can be used on all types of pipe regardless of the steel quality in the pipe, and both in storage/transport situations and in operational use in oil/gas wells.
Produksjon av olje og gass er en betydelig industri som har tiltatt i de senere år, både "til lands og til vanns" (onshore og offshore). Utvinningen blir for det meste utført av store nasjonale og internasjonale selskaper som opererer etter stort sett samme teknologiske mønster. Production of oil and gas is a significant industry that has increased in recent years, both "onshore and offshore" (onshore and offshore). The extraction is mostly carried out by large national and international companies that operate according to largely the same technological pattern.
Boring, utvinning og produksjon setter meget store krav til de metoder som benyttes, og betyr innsats med meget store in-vesteringer med krav til så vel de materialer som benyttes, som til beskyttelse, bevaring og vedlikehold. Drilling, extraction and production place very high demands on the methods used, and mean efforts with very large investments with demands on both the materials used, as well as protection, preservation and maintenance.
Ved boring og ferdigstilling av produksjonsbrønner blir det benyttet rør av ulike typer av materialer, slik som karbonstål, kromstål, etc, som alle er utstyrt med gjengesystemer av ulike konstruksjoner, og som ved montering blir skrudd sammen etter nærmere fastlagt teknologi. Gjengepartiene er utført med toleranser som stiller de strengeste krav til beskyttelse. Stålverkene som produserer og leverer borerør, foringsrør og produksjonsrør, beskytter disse inn- og utvendig. Det er imidlertid gjengebeskyttelsen som i alle deler er den viktigste, og som blir tillagt den absolutt største oppmerksomhet. Det blir benyttet ulike typer av lagringsfett på ut- og innvendige ("pin and box end")-gjenger og gjengesystemer, og disse blir i tillegg påsatt gjengebeskyttere, f.eks. i form av påskrudde stålarmerte plasthylser, o.l.,som ikke tas av før røret skal benyttes på feltet med mindre årsaker til inspeksjon gjør dette nød-vendig. When drilling and completing production wells, pipes of various types of materials are used, such as carbon steel, chrome steel, etc., all of which are equipped with thread systems of various constructions, and which are screwed together during assembly according to more precisely defined technology. The threaded parts are made with tolerances that set the strictest requirements for protection. The steelworks that produce and deliver drill pipe, casing and production pipe protect these inside and out. However, it is the thread protection which in all parts is the most important, and which is given the absolute greatest attention. Different types of storage grease are used on external and internal ("pin and box end") threads and thread systems, and these are additionally fitted with thread protectors, e.g. in the form of screwed-on steel-reinforced plastic sleeves, etc., which are not removed before the pipe is to be used in the field unless reasons for inspection make this necessary.
Lagringsmiddelet som er i form av et materiale av smørefett-konsistens, skal kunne motstå atmosfæriske forstyrrelser, være korrosjonshindrende, vannavvisende, temperaturbestandig, lett å påføre og lett å fjerne og ikke-toksisk overfor miljøet. Vanlig prosedyre er at lagringsfettet blir fjernet før montering og bruk av rørene, idet nytt gjengefett blir påført for at de gjengegeometriske og metallurgiske krav til friksjon og tetning skal bli tilfredsstilt. The storage agent, which is in the form of a material of grease consistency, must be able to withstand atmospheric disturbances, be anti-corrosion, water-repellent, temperature-resistant, easy to apply and easy to remove and non-toxic to the environment. The usual procedure is for the storage grease to be removed before fitting and using the pipes, as new thread grease is applied so that the thread geometry and metallurgical requirements for friction and sealing are satisfied.
I dag anvendes således vanligvis et middel for påføring som beskyttelse ved lagring og transport og et middel som skal erstatte dette ved bruk av rørene på feltet hvor de blir sammenskrudd og nedsatt i brønnen. Slike midler skal som nevnt tilfredsstille meget strenge krav når det gjelder ytelsesevne og når det gjelder temperaturbestandighet. Således har API (American Petroleum Institute) satt opp normer som nevnte midler bør oppfylle, kfr. API Bulletin 5A2: (i) tilfredsstillende smørende egenskaper til å hindre riving i gjengeforbindelser under (tildragning) Today, therefore, a means is usually used for application as protection during storage and transport and a means to replace this when using the pipes in the field where they are screwed together and reduced in the well. Such means must, as mentioned, satisfy very strict requirements in terms of performance and in terms of temperature resistance. Thus, the API (American Petroleum Institute) has set up standards that said agents should meet, cf. API Bulletin 5A2: (i) satisfactory lubricating properties to prevent tearing in threaded connections during (tightening)
("make up"). ("make up").
(ii) Ingen tilbøyelighet til å desintegrere eller gjennom-gå radikal endring i volum ved temperaturer opp til 150'C, (iii) Ingen tilbøyelighet til å få altfor rennende konsistens ved temperaturer så høye som 150°C. (iv) Forseglings/tetningsegenskaper skal være tilstrekke-lige til å hindre lekkasjer ved temperaturer så høye (ii) No tendency to disintegrate or undergo radical change in volume at temperatures up to 150°C, (iii) No tendency to become overly runny at temperatures as high as 150°C. (iv) Sealing properties must be sufficient to prevent leaks at temperatures this high
som 150°C. like 150°C.
(v) Fravær av enhver skadelig ustabilitet og av noe tørke- eller herdemiddel som vil fordampe eller oksydere, og derved forandre gjengepastaegenskapene. (v) Absence of any harmful instability and of any drying or curing agent which will evaporate or oxidize, thereby altering the thread paste properties.
(vi) Motstand overfor vannabsorpsjon. (vi) Resistance to water absorption.
(vii) Tilstrekkelig inert fyllstoff til åhindre lekkasje i API-rørgjengekobl inger ved trykk så høye som 689,5 MPa. (viii) Lett påførbart med kost på rørsammenføyninger i kaldt (vii) Sufficient inert filler to prevent leakage in API pipe thread connections at pressures as high as 689.5 MPa. (viii) Easily applied with a brush to pipe joints in cold
vær. weather.
(ix) Syreresistent i gjenger og tetninger. (ix) Acid resistant in threads and seals.
Tidligere kjente smøre- og lagringsmidler for nevnte gjengepartier omfatter en såkalt greasebasis som også kan inne-holde silikonforbindelser, hvor greasebasisen består av et spesielt såpebasismateriale samt prosessolje. Tilstedeværel-sen av silikoner forbedrer lavtemperaturegenskaper og kan forbedre påføring på gjenger som er fuktet med vann. Silikoner forbedrer nødvendigvis ikke tetnings- eller antirivningsegenskapene til et gjengepastapreparat. Previously known lubricants and storage agents for said threaded parts comprise a so-called grease base which may also contain silicone compounds, where the grease base consists of a special soap base material and process oil. The presence of silicones improves low temperature properties and can improve application to threads wetted with water. Silicones do not necessarily improve the sealing or anti-tear properties of a thread paste formulation.
Aktuelle og hittil benyttede midler omfatter to komponent-kategorier, nemlig (i) en greasebasisdel og (ii) en fast-stoffdel. Et eksempel på et slikt kjent og for tiden benyttet middel er et som består av en greasebasis (i en mengde på 36 vekt-# av den totale blanding), pulverformig grafitt, blypulver, sinkstøv og kobberflak (i en samlet mengde på 64 vekt-# av den totale blanding). De sistnevnte tre faststoff-bestanddelene utgjøres således av tungmetaller (kfr. Bulletin of Tread Compounds for Casing, Tubing and Line Pipe, API Bulletin 5A2 (BUL 5A2), 6. utg. , 31. mai 1988). Med den stadig økende oppmerksomhet som er rettet mot bevaring og rensing av miljøet og betydningen av å hindre ytterligere miljøforurensning, så er det klart at slike midler som inneholder tungmetaller, representerer en stor ulempe p.g.a. at slike tungmetaller kan få toksiske virkninger på miljøet. Current and hitherto used means comprise two component categories, namely (i) a grease base part and (ii) a solid part. An example of such a known and currently used agent is one consisting of a grease base (in an amount of 36 wt-# of the total mixture), powdered graphite, lead powder, zinc dust and copper flakes (in a total amount of 64 wt- # of the total mixture). The latter three solid components are thus made up of heavy metals (cf. Bulletin of Tread Compounds for Casing, Tubing and Line Pipe, API Bulletin 5A2 (BUL 5A2), 6th edition, 31 May 1988). With the ever-increasing attention directed towards the preservation and purification of the environment and the importance of preventing further environmental pollution, it is clear that such agents containing heavy metals represent a major disadvantage due to that such heavy metals can have toxic effects on the environment.
Det er åpenbart at bruken av smørepasta inneholdende tungmetaller på gjengepartier på bore/produksjonsrør representerer en potensiell miljøforurensende risiko, og kan også være skadelige for personell som håndterer slike midler. It is obvious that the use of lubricating paste containing heavy metals on threaded parts of drilling/production pipes represents a potential environmental polluting risk, and can also be harmful to personnel who handle such agents.
Det er også tidligere kjent et middel som innbefatter en greasebasiskomponent og en faststoffkomponent av keramiske tilsetningsstoffer. Dette middelet er imidlertid funnet uegnet i forhold til de krav som stilles til slike midler. It is also previously known an agent which includes a grease base component and a solid component of ceramic additives. However, this remedy has been found to be unsuitable in relation to the requirements placed on such remedies.
Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å tilveiebringe et middel med lagrende og smørende egenskaper for bruk på rør-gjengepartier, dvs. et middel som har den dobbelte funksjon av å tjene som et bevarende middel under lagring og transport og som et smørende middel ved sammenskruing av rør. Dette i motsetning til tidligere kjente smøremidler som ikke har egenskaper som gjør dem særlig egnet for lagringsformål, og vice versa. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an agent with storage and lubricating properties for use on pipe threaded parts, i.e. an agent which has the dual function of serving as a preservative during storage and transport and as a lubricating agent when screwing pipes together . This is in contrast to previously known lubricants which do not have properties that make them particularly suitable for storage purposes, and vice versa.
Et annet formål med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe et middel med bevarende, smørende og anti-rivningsegenskaper for bruk på gjengepartier på bore- og produksjonsrør som ikke inneholder toksiske og miljøskadelige tungmetaller. Another object of the invention is to provide an agent with preserving, lubricating and anti-tearing properties for use on threaded parts of drilling and production pipes which does not contain toxic and environmentally harmful heavy metals.
Enda et formål med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe et middel av ovennevnte type som i det minste tilfredsstiller de ovenfor angitte API-fordringene. Det skal dog tilføyes at man p.g.a. hensynet til å oppnå optimal, dvs. bedre, antirivningseffekt (som omtalt under (i) ovenfor) har valgt å avvike noe fra de eksisterende API-spesifikasjonene. Another object of the invention is to provide an agent of the above-mentioned type which at least satisfies the API requirements stated above. However, it should be added that due to the consideration of achieving optimal, i.e. better, anti-tearing effect (as discussed under (i) above) has chosen to deviate somewhat from the existing API specifications.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det således tilveiebragt et middel for beskyttelse og smøring av rørforbindelser, særlig rørgjengepartier på rør for anvendelse i olje- og gassbrønner, og dette midlet er kjennetegnet ved at det i blanding innbefatter: (a) en greasebasiskomponent som utgjøres av en blanding av petroleumsulfonater, kalsiumsulfonater samt paraffinisk mineralolje fortrinnsvis 80-95 vekt-# og særlig ca. 90 vekt-# petroleum- og kalsiumsulfonater, og 5-20 vekt-# og særlig ca. 10 vekt-# paraffinisk mineralolje, og (b) en tungmetallfri faststoffkomponent omfattende et pulverformig titanoksydholdig (Ti02-holdig) materiale med en hardhet i området 6-7 mohs. According to the present invention, there is thus provided an agent for the protection and lubrication of pipe connections, in particular pipe thread parts on pipes for use in oil and gas wells, and this agent is characterized by the fact that it includes in a mixture: (a) a grease base component which is made up of a mixture of petroleum sulphonates, calcium sulphonates and paraffinic mineral oil, preferably 80-95% by weight and in particular approx. 90 wt-# petroleum and calcium sulphonates, and 5-20 wt-# and especially approx. 10 wt # of paraffinic mineral oil, and (b) a heavy metal-free solids component comprising a powdered titanium oxide-containing (TiO 2 -containing) material having a hardness in the range of 6-7 mohs.
Det kan nevnes at det er kjent å benytte faste fyllstoff-pulvere som additiver i smørefett for å minimalisere slitasje i lageret under høye belastningsbetingelser. Blant slike additiver er grafitt, molybdendisulfid, asbest, talk og zinkoksyd. Zinkoksyd vil ikke være aktuelt i foreliggende middel fordi det er uønsket på grunn av forurensende virkning på miljøet og fordi dets hardhet er uegnet. It can be mentioned that it is known to use solid filler powders as additives in lubricating grease to minimize wear in the bearing under high load conditions. Among such additives are graphite, molybdenum disulphide, asbestos, talc and zinc oxide. Zinc oxide will not be applicable in the present agent because it is undesirable due to its polluting effect on the environment and because its hardness is unsuitable.
Foreliggende middel tilfredsstiller alle de ovenfor angitte betingelser (i)-(viii) ifølge API dog med unntagelse av ovennevnte avvik i forbindelse med antirivningseffekten. Særlig skal nevnes at middelet er temperaturbestandig til over 325°C, hvilket er temmelig oppsiktsvekkende. The present agent satisfies all of the above conditions (i)-(viii) according to API, however, with the exception of the above-mentioned deviation in connection with the anti-tearing effect. In particular, it should be mentioned that the agent is temperature resistant to over 325°C, which is rather sensational.
En egnet greasebasiskomponent (a) har følgende sammensetning: petroleumsulfonater og kalsiumsulfonater i en mengde på 80-95 vekt-# og særlig på ca. 90 vekt-# og paraffinisk mineralolje i en mengde på 5-20 vekt-# og særlig 10 vekt-#. A suitable grease base component (a) has the following composition: petroleum sulphonates and calcium sulphonates in an amount of 80-95 wt-# and in particular of approx. 90 wt-# and paraffinic mineral oil in an amount of 5-20 wt-# and especially 10 wt-#.
En spesiell fordel i forhold til tidligere kjente midler som kan nevnes, er at foreliggende middel ikke tørker ut (sprekker), hvilket bidrar til de gode lagrings- og smøre-egenskapene som omtalt ovenfor. A particular advantage compared to previously known agents that can be mentioned is that the present agent does not dry out (cracks), which contributes to the good storage and lubrication properties as discussed above.
Siden greasebasisdelen ikke inneholder noe oppløsningsmidler, understreker dette foreliggende produkts miljøfordelaktige egenskaper. Since the grease base does not contain any solvents, this emphasizes the environmentally beneficial properties of the present product.
Den paraffiniske mineraloljen som er en del av komponent (a), har funksjon som en mykner, viskositetsregulerende middel og gir smørende egenskaper. Særlig foretrukket er en greasebasis som selges under varemerket "Mercasol 630" og inneholder bestanddeler av den ovennevnte type. Mer spesielt inneholder "Mercasol 630" kalsiumpetroleumsulfonat (for eksempel et kommersielt tilgjengelig materiale med varemerke SACI 200A) i en mengde på 90-95 % og mineralsk olje som justeringsmiddel for viskositet i en mengde på 5-10 %. The paraffinic mineral oil that is part of component (a) functions as a plasticizer, viscosity-regulating agent and provides lubricating properties. Particularly preferred is a grease base which is sold under the trademark "Mercasol 630" and contains components of the above-mentioned type. More specifically, "Mercasol 630" contains calcium petroleum sulfonate (for example, a commercially available material under the trademark SACI 200A) in an amount of 90-95% and mineral oil as a viscosity adjuster in an amount of 5-10%.
Samlet gir også greasebasisen en meget god korrosjonshindrende virkning, hvilket naturligvis er av stor betydning i det miljø hvor foreliggende middel vil bli benyttet, bl.a. i kontakt med korroderende salter i sjøvann og underjordiske formasj oner. Overall, the grease base also provides a very good anti-corrosion effect, which is of course of great importance in the environment where the present agent will be used, i.a. in contact with corrosive salts in seawater and underground formations.
Som faststoffkomponent (b) anvendes som nevnt et titandi-oksydholdig (Ti02"holdig) materiale av en hardhet i området fra 6 til 7 mohs. Det skal nevnes at det også er mulig å benytte silikatholdige bergart- eller mineralmaterialer som faststoffkomponent (b) slik som f.eks. glimmer ("micromica"), men dette vil resultere i at det endelige middelet får egenskaper med for stor rivningsrisiko til metall i rørmater-ialet og er derfor ikke foretrukket på alle rørdimensjoner. As mentioned, a titanium dioxide-containing (Ti02"-containing) material with a hardness in the range from 6 to 7 mohs is used as solid component (b). It should be mentioned that it is also possible to use silicate-containing rock or mineral materials as solid component (b), as such as mica ("micromica"), but this will result in the final agent having properties with too great a tearing risk for metal in the pipe material and is therefore not preferred for all pipe dimensions.
Som det vil fremgå inneholder faststoffkomponenten (b) ingen tungmetaller, og tilfredsstiller derfor dagens krav på miljø-sektoren. (Paris Commission (PARCOM) bestemmelser). As will be seen, the solid component (b) contains no heavy metals, and therefore satisfies today's requirements for the environmental sector. (Paris Commission (PARCOM) provisions).
Det Ti02-holdige materiale utgjøres fortrinnsvis av rent Ti02 eller den naturlig forekommende formen rutil. Videre anvendes det fortrinnsvis i en partikkelstørrelse i området 0-40 mikrometer (pm), og fortrinnsvis i området 0-20 mikrometer, og har en hardhet i området fra 6 til 7 mohs. The Ti02-containing material preferably consists of pure Ti02 or the naturally occurring form rutile. Furthermore, it is preferably used in a particle size in the range 0-40 micrometers (pm), and preferably in the range 0-20 micrometers, and has a hardness in the range from 6 to 7 mohs.
De ståltyper som benyttes i de aktuelle rørene på hvis gjenger foreliggende middel benyttes, har en hardhet som ligger omkring 6,5 mohs. Ved bruk av av nevnte TiC^-holdige materiale som har en hardhet fra 6 til 7 mohs så vil denne faststoffkomponent i foreliggende middel gi en hardhet under ovennevnte verdi for stål, hvilket naturligvis er et absolutt krav. The types of steel used in the pipes in question, on whose threads the present agent is used, have a hardness of around 6.5 mohs. When using said TiC^-containing material which has a hardness of 6 to 7 mohs, this solid component in the present agent will give a hardness below the above-mentioned value for steel, which is of course an absolute requirement.
En utførelse av foreliggende middel innbefatter 80-99,9 vekt-# greasebasis og 0,1-20 vekt-# TiC^-holdig materiale. Et særlig foretrukket middel ifølge oppfinnelsen omfatter ca. 97 vekt-# greasebasis av typen "Mercasol 630", og ca. 3 vekt-56 TiC>2-holdig materiale av typen rutil med en hardhet på ca. 6,5 mohs. One embodiment of the present composition includes 80-99.9 wt-# of grease base and 0.1-20 wt-# of TiC₂-containing material. A particularly preferred agent according to the invention comprises approx. 97 weight # grease basis of the type "Mercasol 630", and approx. 3 weight-56 TiC>2-containing material of the rutile type with a hardness of approx. 6.5 Mohs.
Ved bruk av foreliggende middel på rørgjenger, så vil nevnte partikkelformige mineralmateriale ved sammenskruing ("make up") av rørlengder knuses ned til enda finere partikkel-størrelser som ikke vil forstyrre de metalliske tetningene som oppnås mellom rørene. De vil videre gi en polerende effekt ved denne sammenskruingsoperasjonen som også vil ha en gunstig virkning ved oppskruing eller demontering, dvs. når rørene av en eller annen grunn skal skrus fra hverandre ("brake out") igjen. Således vil det benyttede mineral-partikkelmateriale ikke bare bidra med fyllstoffegenskaper til foreliggende middel. When the present agent is used on pipe threads, said particulate mineral material when screwed together ("make up") of pipe lengths will be crushed down to even finer particle sizes which will not disturb the metallic seals obtained between the pipes. They will also provide a polishing effect during this screwing operation, which will also have a beneficial effect when screwing up or dismantling, i.e. when the pipes are to be unscrewed from each other ("brake out") again for one reason or another. Thus, the mineral particulate material used will not only contribute filler properties to the present agent.
Det vil fra dette fremgå at de mineralske, ikke-toksiske tilsetningsstoffene har en meget gunstig virkning m.h.t. å gi foreliggende middel de nødvendige friksjonsegenskaper som er så viktig for sammenskruings- og demonteringsoperasjonene, dvs. når det gjelder dreiemomentet som må påføres ved slike operasjoner. Friksjonsegenskapene må være slike at man ikke risikerer at rørlengdene skrur seg selv opp ved utvendige påkjenninger slik som f.eks. rystelser i grunnen eller formasjonen, mekaniske slag eller støt, o.l. It will appear from this that the mineral, non-toxic additives have a very beneficial effect in terms of to give the present means the necessary frictional properties which are so important for the screwing and dismantling operations, i.e. when it comes to the torque that must be applied during such operations. The friction properties must be such that there is no risk of the pipe lengths twisting themselves up under external stresses such as e.g. vibrations in the ground or the formation, mechanical blows or shocks, etc.
Det er vanlig at smørefettsammensetninger gjennomgår en aldringsprosess, men nevnte partikkelformige mineral-tilsetningsstoffer har imidlertid den gunstige egenskap at en slik aldringsprosess sterkt retarderes eller hemmes og gir greasebasisen forlenget og fordelaktig holdbarhet. Det er ved forsøk således funnet at det ved sammenskruing av rør-gjenger, påført foreliggende middel, benyttede dreiemoment, er det samme som dreiemomentet som må benyttes når rør-gjengene skrus fra hverandre etter en lengre oppholdstid. Nevnte forsøk har således gitt følgende resultater for foreliggende middel, dvs. greasebasis tilsatt Ti02~holdig materiale: It is common for lubricating grease compositions to undergo an aging process, but said particulate mineral additives have the favorable property that such an aging process is strongly retarded or inhibited and gives the grease base an extended and advantageous shelf life. It has thus been found by experiment that the torque used when screwing together pipe threads, applied with the present agent, is the same as the torque that must be used when the pipe threads are unscrewed from each other after a longer residence time. The above-mentioned experiments have thus produced the following results for the agent in question, i.e. grease base with added TiO2-containing material:
Altså er dreiemomentet ved avskruing (demontering) omtrent det samme som det ved sammenskruing. So the torque when unscrewing (dismantling) is roughly the same as when screwing it together.
I det ovenfor angitte forsøk samt i alle de nedenfor angitte ble det benyttet et middel inneholdene ca 97 vekt-56 "Mercasol 630" og ca 3 vekt-# Ti02 av en hardhet på ca 6,5 mohs. In the experiment stated above as well as in all those stated below, an agent was used containing approximately 97% by weight of "Mercasol 630" and approximately 3% by weight of Ti02 with a hardness of approximately 6.5 Mohs.
For å illustrere hvordan de benyttede mineralske tilsetningsstoffene har en gunstig effekt på aldringsprosessen, dvs. hemmer denne, ble det foretatt en sammenligning ved bruk av greasebasisen alene, dvs. uten de mineralske tilsetningsstoffene : To illustrate how the mineral additives used have a beneficial effect on the aging process, i.e. inhibit it, a comparison was made using the grease base alone, i.e. without the mineral additives:
Altså er dreiemomentet ved avskruing svært mye mindre enn det ved sammenskruing, og dette vil kunne føre til at rør-lengdene skrur seg selv opp som omtalt ovenfor. I praksis bør forskjellen mellom moment ved sammenskruing og avskruing ligge innenfor en toleranse på ± 2,5 In other words, the torque when unscrewing is much smaller than when screwing it together, and this could lead to the pipe lengths twisting themselves up as discussed above. In practice, the difference between torque when screwing together and unscrewing should lie within a tolerance of ± 2.5
Sammenfatningsvis kan det således fastslås at foreliggende middel inneholdende nevnte TiC^-holdige materiale, vil gi følgende fordelaktige virkninger: (i) miljøvennlige egenskaper, dvs. har ingen forurensende effekter; (ii) poleringseffekt ved sammen- og avskruing av rør, dvs. gunstige friksjonsegenskaper; og (iii) bidrar med egenskaper som gir lagringsdyktighet; (iv) tilfredsstiller kravene til at toleranseavviket ved sammenskruing og demontering skal være meget lite, og (v) gir besparelser i forhold til kjente og benyttede midler fordi det kan brukes både i lagrings- og driftssituasjon, og det nødvendiggjør mindre inspeksjonshyppighet p.g.a. bedre kvalitet, (vi) friksjonsfaktor funnet å være 1,03 ifølge API EP 7A1 In summary, it can thus be established that the present agent containing said TiC^-containing material will produce the following beneficial effects: (i) environmentally friendly properties, i.e. has no polluting effects; (ii) polishing effect when connecting and unscrewing pipes, i.e. favorable friction properties; and (iii) contribute properties that provide storability; (iv) satisfies the requirements that the tolerance deviation when screwing together and dismantling must be very small, and (v) provides savings compared to known and used means because it can be used both in storage and operating situations, and it necessitates less inspection frequency due to better quality, (vi) friction factor found to be 1.03 according to API EP 7A1
(for roterende skulderkobling). (for rotating shoulder coupling).
Siden foreliggende middel som nevnt har anvendelse både ved bruk i lagrings- og transportsituasjoner samt under operasjonsbetingelser i olje- og gassbrønner, har det vært foretatt sammenligninger mellom greasebasisen (A) "Mercasol 630" som benyttes som komponent i nevnte middel, og som også alene (dvs. uten de mineralske tilsetningsstoffene) hittil har vært benyttet i nevnte lagrings- og transportsituasjoner, og foreliggende middel (B). Since the present agent, as mentioned, is used both when used in storage and transport situations as well as under operational conditions in oil and gas wells, comparisons have been made between the grease base (A) "Mercasol 630" which is used as a component in the aforementioned agent, and which also alone (ie without the mineral additives) has so far been used in the aforementioned storage and transport situations, and present agent (B).
I de nedenfor angitte tabeller angis data oppnådd ved bruk av foreliggende middel sammenlignet med andre kjente aktuelle midler ved laboratorieforsøk. In the tables given below, data obtained when using the present agent are shown in comparison with other known topical agents in laboratory tests.
Forsøksbetingelser: Test conditions:
Saltspray: Salt spray:
ASTM 117B, ISO 7253 1982 ASTM 117B, ISO 7253 1982
Varmebestandighet: Heat resistance:
10 mm bred stripe av middel i en tykkelse på 2 mm. Vertikalt i en ovn i 1 time. 10 mm wide strip of medium in a thickness of 2 mm. Vertically in an oven for 1 hour.
Konsistens/påføring: Consistency/application:
Subjektiv test: Visuelt inntrykk Subjective test: Visual impression
Konklusjon: Conclusion:
Produkt B (foreliggende middel) viser bedre resultater totalt enn produkt A (greasebasis alene). Begge produkter gir meget god varmebestandighet og lett påføring. Ingen ustabilitet i produkt B som inneholder mineralske friksjons-komponenter hvilke overraskende forbedrer resistens og sta-bilitet overfor korrosjon og temperatur. Product B (present agent) shows better results overall than product A (grease base alone). Both products offer very good heat resistance and easy application. No instability in product B, which contains mineral friction components which surprisingly improve resistance and stability to corrosion and temperature.
I nedenstående tabell 4 angis forsøksresultater oppnådd ved laboratorieforsøk for sammenligning av egenskaper til foreliggende middel mot API krav i henhold til beskrivelse under bulletin 5A2. Forsøket ble foretatt i overensstemmelse med API-spesifikasjon vedrørende: 1. Penetrasjon (ASTM D 217) av middel i metall (a) ubrukt/i bruk ved 25°C (NLGI<*> grade No. 1) In table 4 below, test results obtained in laboratory tests for comparing the properties of the present agent against API requirements are given according to the description under bulletin 5A2. The test was carried out in accordance with API specification regarding: 1. Penetration (ASTM D 217) of agent in metal (a) unused/in use at 25°C (NLGI<*> grade No. 1)
(b) etter avkjøling ved -17,8°C (b) after cooling at -17.8°C
<*> NLGI = National Lubricating Grease Institute, 4638 J.C. Nichols Parkway, Kansas City 12, Missouri, USA <*> NLGI = National Lubricating Grease Institute, 4638 J.C. Nichols Parkway, Kansas City 12, Missouri, USA
Denne testen måler middelets konsistens på gjenger. This test measures the consistency of the agent on threads.
2. Mettler-dryppepunkt, 2. Mettler dripping point,
(ASTM D 566) (ASTM D 566)
Denne testen måler ved hvilken temperatur middelet begynner å dryppe. This test measures the temperature at which the agent begins to drip.
3. Fordampning, % 3. Evaporation, %
24 timer ved 100°C 24 hours at 100°C
Denne testen måler tap av flyktige materialer fra middelet ved 100°C under statiske betingelser. This test measures the loss of volatile materials from the agent at 100°C under static conditions.
4. Oljeseparering, % 4. Oil separation, %
24 timer ved 65,6°C 24 hours at 65.6°C
Denne testen måler middelets tilbøyelighet til å utskille ved 65,6°C under statiske betingelser. This test measures the propensity of the agent to separate at 65.6°C under static conditions.
5. Vanngjennomtrenging 5. Water penetration
2 timer ved 65,6°C 2 hours at 65.6°C
Denne testen angår bestemmelsen av middelets motstands-dyktighet ved vanntrefning. This test concerns the determination of the agent's resistance to water impact.
6. Gassevolusjon 6. Gas evolution
65 ,6°C 65.6°C
Denne testen måler gasser som middelet utvikler. This test measures gases that the agent develops.
5. Påpenslingsevne ved —17,8°C. 5. Brushability at -17.8°C.
(a) Bustlengde 42 mm (a) Bristle length 42 mm
(b) Bustlengde 25 mm (b) Bristle length 25 mm
(c) Bustlengde 15 mm (c) Bristle length 15 mm
Denne testen angår bestemmelse av om middelet på effektiv måte kan påføres på gjenger ved bruk av kost. This test concerns the determination of whether the agent can be effectively applied to threads using a broom.
Disse resultater illustrerer oppfinnelsens fordelaktige egenskaper, og de må da sees i lys av at foreliggende middel ikke inneholder tungmetaller. These results illustrate the advantageous properties of the invention, and they must then be seen in the light of the fact that the present agent does not contain heavy metals.
I det nedenstående rapporteres resultater oppnådd ved ut-prøving og testing av foreliggende middel og kjente midler i feltforsøk. Testene har blitt utført ved Statoils base i Florø, Norge, ved bruk av Weatherford-anlegg. Temperatur ved forsøkene var 12-14°C, relativ fuktighet ca. 70 %, og været var pent. In the following, the results obtained from trials and testing of the present agent and known agents in field trials are reported. The tests have been carried out at Statoil's base in Florø, Norway, using Weatherford facilities. Temperature during the experiments was 12-14°C, relative humidity approx. 70%, and the weather was nice.
Formålet var å teste foreliggende middel som ikke inneholder tungmetaller som bly, kobber, sink, osv., men som likevel opprettholder kravene innenfor API bulletin 5A2, og å sammenligne dette middel med kjente tungmetallholdige og ikke-tungmetallholdige midler. Foreliggende middel har som illustrert i tabellene 1-4 allerede vært utprøvd i sammenligning med ledende gjengefettyper, både for lagring og drift, hvor det spesielt for lagring har vært lagt vekt på: The purpose was to test the present agent which does not contain heavy metals such as lead, copper, zinc, etc., but which nevertheless maintains the requirements within API bulletin 5A2, and to compare this agent with known heavy metal-containing and non-heavy metal-containing agents. As illustrated in tables 1-4, the present agent has already been tested in comparison with leading types of thread grease, both for storage and operation, where special emphasis has been placed on storage for:
1) Korrosjonsbestandighet 1) Corrosion resistance
2) Varmebestandighet 2) Heat resistance
3) Smøreeffekt 3) Lubricating effect
4) Vannfortrengelighet 4) Water displacement
5) Temperaturbestandighet 5) Temperature resistance
6) Påføringsegenskaper 6) Application characteristics
7) Fjerningsegenskaper 7) Removal properties
8) Ikke-toksisk overfor miljøet 8) Non-toxic to the environment
Hertil kommer de viktigste faktorer i forbindelse med drift ("make-up" - "brake out"-situasjon): In addition, the most important factors in connection with operation ("make-up" - "brake out" situation):
9) Antirivningseffekt 9) Anti-tearing effect
10) Ikke-tørkende effekt uten tilsetning av tungmetaller 10) Non-drying effect without the addition of heavy metals
11) Tetningseffekt 11) Sealing effect
Foreliggende middel har i alle prøver vist at det er meget gunstig innenfor punktene 1) - 8). Det var derfor av inter-esse å sammenligne produktet med de kjente vanlige brukte midlene i forhold til punktene 9) - 11), ved hjelp av en felt-riggtest, og å bestemme momentforholdet mellom sammenskruing og avskruing ("make up"/"brake out"). The present remedy has shown in all tests that it is very beneficial within points 1) - 8). It was therefore of interest to compare the product with the known commonly used means in relation to points 9) - 11), by means of a field rig test, and to determine the torque ratio between screwing together and unscrewing ("make up"/"brake" out").
Det ble stort sett benyttet 2 stålkvaliteter, nemlig 2 grades of steel were mostly used, viz
karbonstål (L-80, N-80 og K-55) carbon steel (L-80, N-80 and K-55)
kromstål (mest vanlig 13 % krom). chrome steel (most common 13% chrome).
Alle rør med ulike ståldimensjoner og stålkvaliteter samt gjengetyper ble skrudd sammen etter fastsatte momentkrefter ("make up") målt i ftlbs. All pipes with different steel dimensions and steel qualities as well as thread types were screwed together according to fixed moment forces ("make up") measured in ftlbs.
I testen ble følgende gjengefettyper benyttet for testing av friksjonsgivende effekt og smøreeffekt: Produkt A Foreliggende middel (uten tilsetning av tung metaller, men inneholdende mineralsk material-komponent (b)) In the test, the following types of thread grease were used for testing the friction-giving effect and lubrication effect: Product A Existing agent (without the addition of heavy metals, but containing mineral material component (b))
Produkt B API Mod. Lube Seal, Liquid-O-ring, med tungmetaller (kjent middel) Product B API Mod. Lube Seal, Liquid-O-ring, with heavy metals (known remedy)
Produkt C Liquid-O-Ring 104, teflonbasert, uten tungmetaller (kjent middel). Product C Liquid-O-Ring 104, Teflon-based, without heavy metals (known agent).
Følgende rørdimensjoner ble benyttet: The following pipe dimensions were used:
Test 1 Test 1
5 1/2" - L 80 karbonstål - BDS gjenger 5 1/2" - L 80 carbon steel - BDS threads
5 1/2" - 13 CR - 13 % kromstål - BDS-gjenger (gjengetyper fra Mannesmann) 5 1/2" - 13 CR - 13% chrome steel - BDS thread (thread types from Mannesmann)
Test 2 Test 2
13 3/8" - N 80 karbonstål - Buttres gjenger, vanlig gjengetype større dim., 133/8" og over) 13 3/8" - N 80 carbon steel - Buttres threads, common thread type larger dim., 133/8" and above)
Test 3 Test 3
20" - K 55 karbonstål - Big Omega gjenger, gjengetype større 20" - K 55 carbon steel - Big Omega threads, thread type larger
dim., 16" og over, fra Mannesmann Test 4 dim., 16" and above, from Mannesmann Test 4
26" - K 55 karbonstål - Big Omega gjenger, gjengetype større dim., 16" og over, fra Mannesmann 26" - K 55 carbon steel - Big Omega threads, thread type larger dim., 16" and above, from Mannesmann
Test 1 Test 1
Utført i Weatherford maskin: Hydrolic Backing machine Foster 79 Made in Weatherford machine: Hydrolic Backing machine Foster 79
Nevnte maskin av type Foster nr. 79 har: Said machine of type Foster no. 79 has:
(i) manuell operert utløsning (som kan gi variabelt dreiemomentutslag), (ii) ikke innlagt data eller styring for avlesning av "brake out", og (iii) avlesning av diagram som gir gode indikasjoner på (i) manually operated release (which can produce variable torque output), (ii) no input data or control for reading "brake out", and (iii) reading of diagram which gives good indications of
friksjonsegenskaper i oppstartingsfasen. friction properties in the start-up phase.
Alle gjenger viste meget gode tilstander etter utprøving. All gangs showed very good conditions after testing.
13 CR hylser, innvendig gjengedel (koblinger) var kobber-pletterte. Ved bruk av foreliggende middel var det synlig ringformet kobberbelegg på tetningsflaten, utvendig gjengedel ("pin end"), hvilket ga klar indikasjon på "metall-til-metall-tetning" (viktig for testing). 13 CR sleeves, internal threads (connectors) were copper-plated. When using the present agent, ring-shaped copper coating was visible on the sealing surface, external threaded part ("pin end"), which gave a clear indication of "metal-to-metal sealing" (important for testing).
Følgende dimensjoner ble benyttet i nedenstående tester 2, 3 og 4 : 13 3/8" gammel skjøtedel-avtrekk ("pup joint release") ca. 52.647 N-m (38.830 fblbs) - rengjort (gammel) The following dimensions were used in tests 2, 3 and 4 below: 13 3/8" old pup joint release approx. 52,647 N-m (38,830 fblbs) - cleaned (old)
20" gammel skjøtedel-avtrekk ca. 104.195 N*m (76.850 20" old joint pull-out approx. 104,195 N*m (76,850
fblbs) - rengjort (gammel) fblbs) - cleaned (old)
26" gammel skjøtedel-avtrekk ca. 99.110 N*m (73.100 26" old extension part extractor approx. 99,110 N*m (73,100
ftlbs) - rengjort - (ny) ftlbs) - cleaned - (new)
Det ble benyttet Hydraulic power unit Weatherford maskin CAM-F-28 nr. 01. Hydraulic power unit Weatherford machine CAM-F-28 No. 01 was used.
Test 2 Test 2
Test 2.1., tilfredsstillende forhold mellom "make up" og "brake out"; meget like. Test 2.1., satisfactory relationship between "make up" and "brake out"; very similar.
Test 2.2., noe høyere dreiemoment, ingen avvik, meget like. Mengden av produkt B øket med ca. 50 io , fra 50 til 75 g. Dette er mulig årsak til høyere dreiemoment. Test 2.2., somewhat higher torque, no deviation, very similar. The amount of product B increased by approx. 50 io , from 50 to 75 g. This is a possible reason for higher torque.
Ved begge tester ble det skrudd til trekant ved 9.300 psi/ft, som ble fortsatt frem til 14.778-15.456 N*m (10.900-11.400 ftlbs), for å avstemme make-up og break-out toleranse ved likhet fra trekantmerket. (Trekant er symbol for kontaktpunkt på røret, som ikke skal overskrides). In both tests, the triangle was torqued at 9,300 psi/ft, which was continued to 14,778-15,456 N*m (10,900-11,400 ftlbs), to match the make-up and break-out tolerances at equality from the triangle mark. (The triangle is the symbol for the contact point on the pipe, which must not be exceeded).
Test 3 Test 3
3.1. viste ikke avvik i forholdet mellom "make up" og 3.1. did not show deviations in the relationship between "make up" and
"brake out". "break out".
3.2. Minustoleranse mellom "make up" og "brake out" på ca. 3.2. Minus tolerance between "make up" and "brake out" of approx.
17 %. Meget lav "brake out", ikke tilfredsstillende. Test 4 Mengden gjengefett er ikke eksakt; i området 175-200 g for test 4.1.)» og ca. 200 g for 4.2.). Årsak til det store avviket for "make up"/"brake out" i test 4.2.) er ukjent. Dog ble trekant overskredet med ca. 3 mm (innenfor toleranse-grensen) for å oppnå likt "make up"-moment. Forøvrig er forskjellen i prosent for test 4.1.) +3 %, og for test 4.2.) -27 %. 17%. Very low "brake out", not satisfactory. Test 4 The amount of thread grease is not exact; in the range 175-200 g for test 4.1.)" and approx. 200 g for 4.2.). The reason for the large discrepancy for "make up"/"brake out" in test 4.2.) is unknown. However, the triangle was exceeded by approx. 3 mm (within the tolerance limit) to achieve the same "make up" torque. Otherwise, the difference in percentage for test 4.1.) is +3%, and for test 4.2.) -27%.
Konklus. ion for tester 1- 4 Conclusion. ion for tests 1-4
Foreliggende middel viste smidigere konsistens enn produkter B og C. Det gir enkel, lett og jevn påføring. Dessuten var demonteringen av kuplinger svært lett, dvs. smøreeffekten var god, spesielt for produkt A. Den jevne påføring resulterte i mer kontrollert forbruk. Fargen var hvit og lett å kontrol-lere mot underlaget og mot urenheter. Rengjøring - fjerning av gjengefett var noe lettere med produkt A enn med produkter B og C. Produkt A synes sammenlignet med produkter B og C å ha egenskaper for bruk uavhengig av hvilken stålkvalitet, dimensjon og gjengetype som benyttes, siden ingen av prøvene ga negative utslag. The present agent showed a smoother consistency than products B and C. It provides easy, light and even application. Moreover, the disassembly of couplings was very easy, i.e. the lubrication effect was good, especially for product A. The even application resulted in more controlled consumption. The color was white and easy to control against the substrate and against impurities. Cleaning - removal of thread grease was somewhat easier with product A than with products B and C. Compared to products B and C, product A seems to have properties for use regardless of the steel quality, dimension and thread type used, since none of the samples gave negative results .
Testene viser at produkt A (foreliggende middel) i tillegg til gode lagringsegenskaper også har meget gode og sterke forutsetninger i driftssituasjon, dvs. gunstig kombinert middel for lagrings- og driftssituasjoner. En slik kombinert virkning tilfredsstilles ikke av de kjente produkter B og C. The tests show that, in addition to good storage properties, product A (present agent) also has very good and strong prerequisites in operational situations, i.e. a favorable combined agent for storage and operational situations. Such a combined effect is not satisfied by the known products B and C.
Et typisk middel ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse har følgende data: A typical agent according to the present invention has the following data:
For offshore-bruk av foreliggende middel så må midlet tilfredsstille spesielle krav som har blitt fastsatt av myndighetene for formål angående miljømessig sikkerhet. Foreliggende middel har derfor blitt underkastet følgende økotoksigologiske tester ved SINTEF (Norge) (ifølge PARCOM-bestemmelser): For offshore use of the agent in question, the agent must satisfy special requirements that have been set by the authorities for purposes regarding environmental safety. The product in question has therefore been subjected to the following ecotoxicological tests at SINTEF (Norway) (in accordance with PARCOM regulations):
(a) Phytoplankton-test (Skeletonema coctstum) (a) Phytoplankton test (Skeletonema coctstum)
(b) Blåskjell-test (Mytilus edulis) (b) Mussel test (Mytilus edulis)
(c) Rur-test (Balanus improvisus). (c) Rur test (Balanus improvisus).
Midlet har også blitt underkastet en The remedy has also been subjected to a
(d) Bioakkumuleringstest (d) Bioaccumulation test
ved Aquateam A/S, Norge, ifølge OECD-bestemmelser nr. 117 for testing av kjemikalier; samt en (e) Biodegraderingstest ved NIVA (Norsk institutt for at Aquateam A/S, Norway, according to OECD regulations no. 117 for testing chemicals; as well as a (e) Biodegradation test by NIVA (Norwegian Institute for
vannforskning). water research).
Disse testene (a)-(e) har vist at midlet tilfredsstiller de fastsatte krav ifølge PARCOM-bestemmelsene. These tests (a)-(e) have shown that the agent satisfies the established requirements according to the PARCOM regulations.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO913627A NO173285C (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1991-09-13 | Means for the protection and lubrication of pipe joints, especially pipe sections |
PCT/NO1992/000146 WO1993006197A1 (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-09 | An agent for protection and lubrication of pipe connections, particularly pipe thread sections, and tubing on which such an agent is applied |
JP5505978A JPH06510813A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-09 | Agents for the protection and lubrication of pipe connections, especially pipe threads, and tubing coated with such agents. |
AU25970/92A AU2597092A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-09 | An agent for protection and lubrication of pipe connections, particularly pipe thread sections, and tubing on which such an agent is applied |
GB9404383A GB2274654B (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-09 | An agent for protection and lubrication of pipe connections particularly pipe thread sections and tubing on which such an agent is applied |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO913627A NO173285C (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1991-09-13 | Means for the protection and lubrication of pipe joints, especially pipe sections |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO913627D0 NO913627D0 (en) | 1991-09-13 |
NO913627L NO913627L (en) | 1993-03-15 |
NO173285B true NO173285B (en) | 1993-08-16 |
NO173285C NO173285C (en) | 1993-11-24 |
Family
ID=19894459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO913627A NO173285C (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1991-09-13 | Means for the protection and lubrication of pipe joints, especially pipe sections |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH06510813A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2597092A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2274654B (en) |
NO (1) | NO173285C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993006197A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2813375B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-06-20 | Vallourec Mannesmann Oil & Gas | THREADED ELEMENT FOR TUBULAR THREAD-RESISTANT THREADED JOINT |
JP2003003186A (en) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-08 | Dow Corning Asia Ltd | POLY-alpha-OLEFIN GREASE COMPOSITION |
JP3870732B2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2007-01-24 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Threaded joint for steel pipes with excellent seizure resistance |
CZ306027B6 (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-06-29 | Technická univerzita v Liberci | Modification method of industrially delivered cooling and/or lubrication process liquid used during metallic material cutting process |
WO2017109880A1 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 日本バルカー工業株式会社 | Paste for sealing member of pipe |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4604227A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-08-05 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Vapor phase and surface contact rust preventive composition |
-
1991
- 1991-09-13 NO NO913627A patent/NO173285C/en unknown
-
1992
- 1992-09-09 GB GB9404383A patent/GB2274654B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-09 JP JP5505978A patent/JPH06510813A/en active Pending
- 1992-09-09 AU AU25970/92A patent/AU2597092A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-09-09 WO PCT/NO1992/000146 patent/WO1993006197A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO173285C (en) | 1993-11-24 |
JPH06510813A (en) | 1994-12-01 |
GB2274654B (en) | 1995-08-23 |
GB9404383D0 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
AU2597092A (en) | 1993-04-27 |
WO1993006197A1 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
NO913627L (en) | 1993-03-15 |
GB2274654A (en) | 1994-08-03 |
NO913627D0 (en) | 1991-09-13 |
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