NO152889B - ELECTRIC GENERATOR DEVICE - Google Patents
ELECTRIC GENERATOR DEVICE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO152889B NO152889B NO820530A NO820530A NO152889B NO 152889 B NO152889 B NO 152889B NO 820530 A NO820530 A NO 820530A NO 820530 A NO820530 A NO 820530A NO 152889 B NO152889 B NO 152889B
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- Prior art keywords
- copper
- compounds
- acid
- parts
- polyester
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 7
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydroquinone Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical class [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoate;3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)CC1 SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJKGDNKYTKCJKD-BPOCMEKLSA-N (1s,4r,5s,6r)-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)[C@]2(Cl)[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@]1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl DJKGDNKYTKCJKD-BPOCMEKLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZHHYIOUKQNLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C(O)=O WZHHYIOUKQNLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEMXPVDXFSROA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butylbenzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O BJEMXPVDXFSROA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFLGBNBLMBSXEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Ethyl-1,2-benzenediol Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 HFLGBNBLMBSXEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsonium Chemical group [AsH4+] VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JQRRFDWXQOQICD-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenylen-1-ylboronic acid Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC=C2B(O)O JQRRFDWXQOQICD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003513 tertiary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCOP(OCCC)OCCC QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=CCOP(=O)(OCC=C)OCC=C XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/02—Electric fuzes with piezo-crystal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Description
Stabilisert, herdbar, umettet polyesterpressmasse. Stabilized, curable, unsaturated polyester press compound.
Polyesterpressmasse på grunnlag av umettede polyestere og derpå polymeriser-bare monomere forbindelser er tilbøyelig til ved lagring, spesielt ved høyere tem-peratur, å gelere for tidlig. Det er kjent å stabilisere polyesterpressmassene mot denne for tidlige gelering ved tilsetning av forskjellige inhibitorer, for eksempel fenoler, som hydrokinon, tert. butylpyro-catechol og 4-ethyl-pyrocatechol, kinoner, som p-benzokinon og 2,5-di-tert.butylben-zokinon, visse aromatiske aminer, aminsal- Polyester press stock based on unsaturated polyesters and then polymerizable monomeric compounds tends to gel prematurely during storage, especially at higher temperatures. It is known to stabilize the polyester press materials against this premature gelation by adding various inhibitors, for example phenols, such as hydroquinone, tert. butylpyrocatechol and 4-ethylpyrocatechol, quinones, such as p-benzoquinone and 2,5-di-tert.butylbenzoquinone, certain aromatic amines, aminosal-
ter og kvaternære fosfonium- og arsonium-salter. ter and quaternary phosphonium and arsonium salts.
Den stabiliserende virkning av de nevnte inhibitorer forbedres og overtreffes endog, som kjent, av oppløselige kobber (II)-forbindelser, særlig kobbersålter av organiske syrer, som kobber (Il)-naftenat. Kobber (II)-forbindelsene har imidlertid den ulem- The stabilizing effect of the mentioned inhibitors is improved and even surpassed, as is known, by soluble copper (II) compounds, in particular copper salts of organic acids, such as copper (II) naphthenate. However, the copper (II) compounds have the disadvantage
pe at de er sterkt farvet og allerede i mengder som på ingen måte er tilstrekkelig for virksomt å stabilisere polyesterpressmassen, forårsaker en grønnbrun til grønn-ligblå misfarvning i i og for seg farveløse formstoffer. Den med stigende kobberkon-sentrasjon tiltagende misfarvning av pressmassen er allerede ved mengder på under en del kobber per 1 million deler pressmasse så sterk at den i og for seg ønske- pe that they are strongly colored and already in quantities that are in no way sufficient to effectively stabilize the polyester pressing mass, cause a greenish-brown to greenish-light blue discoloration in intrinsically colorless molding materials. The discolouration of the pressing mass that increases with increasing copper concentration is already so strong at amounts of less than one part copper per 1 million parts of pressing mass that in and of itself it is desirable
lige tilsetning av større kobbermengder ikke er praktisk mulig på grunn av den dermed forbundne uakseptable misfarvning. equal addition of larger quantities of copper is not practically possible due to the associated unacceptable discoloration.
For å unngå disse ulemper er det nær-liggende å erstatte de farvede kobber (II) - To avoid these disadvantages, it is close to replacing the colored copper (II) -
forbindelser med farveløse (I)-forbindelser, som kobber (I)-halogenider. Det er imidlertid vanskelig å fordele disse forbindelser jevnt i pressmassen, da for eksempel kobber (I)-jodid er fullstendig uoppløselig deri, mens kobber (I)-bromid og kobber (I)-klorid krever større mengder oppløsnings-formidler for å muliggjøre en tilstrekkelig hurtig og jevn oppløsning i pressmassen. De hertil nødvendige mengder av oppløsnings-formidler, som acetonitril eller dimethyl-formamid, er imidlertid så store at de ofte påvirker egenskapene av de fra denne pressmasse fremstilte herdningsprodukter. Det er også tidligere foreslått å fremstille kobber (I)-klorid-inneholdende pressmasser ved at man tilsetter kobber (I)-klorid til utgangsstoffene til fremstilling av den umettede polyester før polykondensasjonen. Da imidlertid kobber (I)-klorid er meget ustabil ved den for polykondensasjonen nødvendige høye reaksjonstemperatur, blir det ved denne arbeidsmåte av oxydasjons-bevirkende forbindelser lett oxydert til forbindelser av toverdig kobber slik at man igjen får misfarvede produkter. compounds with colorless (I) compounds, such as copper (I) halides. However, it is difficult to distribute these compounds evenly in the pressing mass, as, for example, copper (I) iodide is completely insoluble in it, while copper (I) bromide and copper (I) chloride require larger amounts of solubilizers to enable a sufficiently fast and uniform dissolution in the pressing mass. However, the required amounts of solubilizers, such as acetonitrile or dimethylformamide, are so large that they often affect the properties of the curing products produced from this pressing mass. It has also previously been proposed to produce copper (I) chloride-containing pressing compounds by adding copper (I) chloride to the starting materials for the production of the unsaturated polyester before the polycondensation. However, since copper (I) chloride is very unstable at the high reaction temperature required for the polycondensation, in this way of working, oxidation-causing compounds are easily oxidized to compounds of divalent copper, so that once again discolored products are obtained.
Det har nu vist seg at disse ulemper kan unngåes og fremragende lagringsbe-standige, neppe farvede polyesterpressmas- It has now been shown that these disadvantages can be avoided and excellent storage-resistant, hardly colored polyester press mas-
ser inneholdende oppløselige kobberforbin-dleser som stabilisatorer kan erholdes, når man for stabilisering av pressmassen an-vender kompleksforbindelser av kobber (I)-klorid og/eller kobber (I)-bromid med nøy-trale fosforsyrlingestere. see containing soluble copper compounds as stabilizers can be obtained, when complex compounds of copper (I) chloride and/or copper (I) bromide with neutral phosphoric acid esters are used to stabilize the pressing mass.
Kompleksforbindelsene kan tilsettes til polyesterpressmassen umiddelbart ved væ-relsetemperatur eller noe forhøyet tempe-ratur. De løser seg uten særlige vanskelig-heter i pressmassen og bevirker selv i for-holdsvis store mengder ingen forstyrrende misfarvning. I alminnelighet er det tilstrekkelig for å få en tilstrekkelig stabilisering å tilsette polyesterpressmassen kob-berforbindelsene i slike mengder at de inneholder inntil 50 deler kobber per 1 million deler pressmasse. The complex compounds can be added to the polyester pressing mass immediately at room temperature or a slightly elevated temperature. They dissolve without particular difficulty in the pressing mass and, even in relatively large quantities, cause no disturbing discolouration. In general, it is sufficient to obtain sufficient stabilization to add the copper compounds to the polyester pressing mass in such quantities that they contain up to 50 parts of copper per 1 million parts of pressing mass.
Eksempler på de ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendbare kompleksforbindelser er kom-pleksene av kobber (I)-klorid og kobber (I)-bromid med triethylfosfit, 2,2',2"-tri-klorethylfosfit, tripropylfosfit, trifenylfos-fit, osv. som beskrevet for eksempel i Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, System Nr. 60, Teil B, Lieferung 1, side 251 og 365. Examples of the complex compounds that can be used according to the invention are the complexes of copper (I) chloride and copper (I) bromide with triethylphosphite, 2,2',2"-trichloroethylphosphite, tripropylphosphite, triphenylphosphite, etc. as described for example in Gmelin's Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, System Nr. 60, Teil B, Lieferung 1, pages 251 and 365.
Umettede polyestere hvis oppløsninger i monomere, påpolymeriserbare forbindelser med fordel kan stabiliseres ifølge oppfinnelsen, er at alle umettede polyestere i vanlig forstand, spesielt slike som har et innhold av a,(3-umettede dicarboxylsyrer, eventuelt med et innhold av rester av andre carboxylsyrer så vel som med et innhold av spesielt flerverdige alkoholer. Unsaturated polyesters whose solutions in monomeric, polymerizable compounds can advantageously be stabilized according to the invention are that all unsaturated polyesters in the usual sense, especially those that have a content of α,(3-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, possibly with a content of residues of other carboxylic acids so as well as with a content of particularly polyhydric alcohols.
Eksempler på carboxylsyrer som er eg-net for oppbygning av polyesterharpiksene er: maleinsyre, fumarsyre, itaconsyre, me-saconsyre, citraconsyre, ravsyre, glutarsyre, adipinsyre, fthalsyre, tetraklorfthalsyre, hexaklorendomethylen-tetrahydrofthal-syre, trimellitsyre, benzoesyre, linoljefett-syre og ricinusfettsyre. Examples of carboxylic acids that are suitable for building up the polyester resins are: maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, hexachloroendomethylene-tetrahydrophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, benzoic acid, linoleic fatty acid and castor fatty acid.
Egnete alkoholer er for eksempel: ethylenglycol, diethylenglycol, propan-, butan- og hexandiol, trimethylolpropan, pentaeritrit, butanol og tetrahydrofurfuryl-alkohol. Suitable alcohols are, for example: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propane, butane and hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, butanol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen kan med fordel for eksempel også lufttørrende pressmasser stabiliseres, som foruten restene av «,(3-amettede dicarboxylsyrer også inneholder (3,y-umettede eterrester, det være seg som bestanddeler av polyesteren, noe i likhet med DAS 1 024 654, eller som bestanddel av andre blandingskomponenter, noe i likhet med tysk patentnummer 1 067 210 og DAS 1 081 222, så vel som umettede polyestere med et innhold av eventuelt innkondenserte tertiære aromatiske aminer ifølge tysk patentskrift nr. 919 431. According to the invention, for example, air-drying press materials can also be advantageously stabilized, which, in addition to the residues of ",(3-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, also contain (3,y-unsaturated ether residues, be it as components of the polyester, somewhat like DAS 1 024 654, or as a component of other mixture components, somewhat similar to German patent number 1 067 210 and DAS 1 081 222, as well as unsaturated polyesters with a content of optionally condensed tertiary aromatic amines according to German patent document no. 919 431.
Ved påpolymeriserbare monomere forbindelser forståes de i polyesterharpikstek-nikken vanlige umettede påpolymeriserbare forbindelser med eventuelt i a-stilling substituerte vinyl- eller i (3-stilling substituerte allylgrupper, for eksempel styren, vinyl-toluen, divinylbenzen, vinylacetat, acryl-syre, og dennes estere, acrylnitril, metacryl-syre og disses tilsvarende derivater såsom allylestere, som allylacetat, allylacrylat, fthalsyrediallylester, triallylfosfat og tri-allylcyanurat. By polymerizable monomeric compounds are meant the unsaturated polymerizable compounds common in polyester resin technology with optionally substituted vinyl in the a-position or allyl groups substituted in the 3-position, for example styrene, vinyl toluene, divinylbenzene, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, and its esters, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid and their corresponding derivatives such as allyl esters, such as allyl acetate, allyl acrylate, diallyl phthalic acid, triallyl phosphate and triallyl cyanurate.
De ved anvendelse av kobberforbindel-sene ifølge oppfinnelsen stabiliserte polyesterpressmasser kan dessuten også inne-holde andre vanlige inhibitorer. The polyester press materials stabilized by the use of the copper compounds according to the invention may also contain other common inhibitors.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
En ved kondensasjon av 152 deler maleinsyreanhydrid, 141 deler fthalsyrean-hydrid og 195 deler propandiol-1,2 fremstillet og med 0,045 deler hydrochinon tverr-bundet umettet polyester med syretall 47 ble løst i styren til en 65 prosentig opp-løsning. Forskjellige prøver av den fremstilte polyesterpressmasse ble innstilt på et kobberinnhold på 2 ppm ved tilsetning av kobber (Il)-naftenat (prøve A), respek-tive ifølge oppfinnelsen av [CuCl. P(OC2Hr>):1] (prøve B). Egenskapene av de erholdte pressmasser er angitt i tabell I sammen med egenskapene av den opprinnelige pressmasse (prøve C) som ikke inneholdt noe kobber. An unsaturated polyester with an acid number of 47 prepared by condensation of 152 parts of maleic anhydride, 141 parts of phthalic anhydride and 195 parts of propanediol-1,2 and cross-linked with 0.045 parts of hydroquinone was dissolved in styrene to a 65 percent solution. Various samples of the produced polyester press stock were adjusted to a copper content of 2 ppm by adding copper (II) naphthenate (sample A), respectively according to the invention of [CuCl. P(OC2Hr>):1] (sample B). The properties of the obtained pressings are given in Table I together with the properties of the original pressings (sample C) which did not contain any copper.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
En ved kondensering av 882 deler maleinsyreanhydrid, 1332 deler fthalsyreanhy-drid, 1098 deler ethylenglycol og 963 deler One by condensation of 882 parts maleic anhydride, 1332 parts phthalic anhydride, 1098 parts ethylene glycol and 963 parts
trimethylolpropandiallyleter i nærvær av trimethylolpropane diallyl ether in the presence of
0,43 deler hydrochinon fremstillet umettet 0.43 parts hydroquinone prepared unsaturated
polyester med syretall 23 ble løst i styren polyester with acid number 23 was dissolved in styrene
til en 50-prosentig oppløsning. Forskjellige to a 50 percent resolution. Different
prøver av den erholdte polyesterpressmasse ble ved tilsetning av kobber (II)-naftenat (prøve A) henholdsvis ifølge oppfinnelsen av [CuBr . P(OC(iH5);!] (prøve B) innstilt på et kobberinnhold på 20 ppm. Egenskapene av de erholdte pressmasser er angitt i tabell II sammen med egenskapene av den opprinnelige polyesterpressmasse (prøve C) uten kobber. samples of the obtained polyester press stock were, by adding copper (II) naphthenate (sample A) respectively according to the invention of [CuBr . P(OC(iH5);!] (sample B) adjusted to a copper content of 20 ppm. The properties of the resulting moldings are listed in Table II together with the properties of the original polyester molding (sample C) without copper.
Eksempel 3. Example 3.
Ifølge eksempel 1 i tysk patentskrift According to example 1 in German patent literature
919.431 ble 73 deler adipinsyre, 98 deler 919,431 became 73 parts adipic acid, 98 parts
maleinsyreanhydrid, 74 deler fthalsyrean-hydrid og 125 deler glycol kondensert ved maleic anhydride, 74 parts phthalic anhydride and 125 parts glycol condensed at
vanlige betingelser inntil 50 pst. av den normal conditions up to 50 per cent of it
teoretiske vannmengde var avdestillert. theoretical amount of water had been distilled off.
Derpå ble 7,5 deler dioxyethylanilin tilsatt Then 7.5 parts of dioxyethylaniline were added
og kondensert så lenge ved 200°C at ikke and condensed for so long at 200°C that no
noe mer vann gikk over. Resten av vannet some more water passed. The rest of the water
ble avdestillert i vakuum ved 15 mm og was distilled off in vacuo at 15 mm and
200°C. Efter avkjøling til 160°C ble 0,25 200°C. After cooling to 160°C, 0.25
deler hydrochinon og efter videre avkjøling til 110°C ble 140 deler styren tilsatt. parts of hydroquinone and after further cooling to 110°C, 140 parts of styrene were added.
Forskjellige prøver av den erholdte polyesterpressmasse ble ved tilsetning av kobber (Il)-naftenat (prøve A) henholdsvis ifølge oppfinnelsen av [CuCl . P(OC,Hi)),)]Various samples of the obtained polyester press stock were, by adding copper (Il)-naphthenate (sample A) or according to the invention of [CuCl . P(OC,Hi)),)]
(prøve B) innstilt på et kobberinnhold på 25 ppm. Egenskapene av de erholdte pressmasser er angitt i tabell III sammen med egenskapene av den opprinnelige polyesterpressmasse som ikke inneholdt kobber (prøve C). (sample B) set to a copper content of 25 ppm. The properties of the obtained molding compounds are indicated in Table III together with the properties of the original polyester molding compound which did not contain copper (sample C).
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH114281A CH643413A5 (en) | 1981-02-20 | 1981-02-20 | ELECTRIC CURRENT GENERATING DEVICE. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO820530L NO820530L (en) | 1982-08-23 |
| NO152889B true NO152889B (en) | 1985-08-26 |
| NO152889C NO152889C (en) | 1985-12-04 |
Family
ID=4203470
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO820530A NO152889C (en) | 1981-02-20 | 1982-02-19 | ELECTRIC GENERATOR DEVICE. |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57184831A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR230531A1 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE891895A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8200875A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1185656A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH643413A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3202612C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK52482A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8303823A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2500692B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2095053B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL64965A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1154475B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8200306A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO152889C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT74461B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8201005L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA82848B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3315420A1 (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1984-10-31 | Honeywell Gmbh, 6050 Offenbach | Power supply device for missiles |
| DE3620752A1 (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1987-12-23 | Hemscheidt Maschf Hermann | METHOD FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY BY MEANS OF A PRESSURE MEDIUM |
| DE3643236A1 (en) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-07-07 | Ruhrkohle Ag | PERSONAL PROTECTION RADIO |
| RU2150170C1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 2000-05-27 | Нунупаров Мартын Сергеевич | Method and device for feeding electronic system |
| DE19822781C1 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2000-02-10 | Siemens Ag | Pyroelectric high voltage generator e.g. for radio apparatus |
| RU2239283C2 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | Сафар-Заде Октай Юнисович | Off-line digital signal transmitter and remote-control system built around it |
| US6252336B1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-06-26 | Cts Corporation | Combined piezoelectric silent alarm/battery charger |
| IT1313874B1 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2002-09-24 | Saad Jabir | DEVICE SUITABLE TO DETECT THE FORCES THAT DEVELOP UNDER THE FOOT. |
| DE10025561A1 (en) | 2000-05-24 | 2001-12-06 | Siemens Ag | Self-sufficient high-frequency transmitter |
| FR2826204B1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2003-09-19 | Legrand Sa | USE OF A PIEZO-ACTIVE BODY AS WELL AS APPARATUS AND SYSTEM COMPRISING SAME |
| ATE456160T1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2010-02-15 | Face Internat Corp | SELF-SUPPLY SWITCH INITIALIZATION SYSTEM |
| DE10150128C2 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2003-10-02 | Enocean Gmbh | Wireless sensor system |
| US20040085002A1 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-06 | Pearce Michael Baker | Method and apparatus for an incidental use piezoelectric energy source with thin-film battery |
| US7088031B2 (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2006-08-08 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an ambient energy battery or capacitor recharge system |
| US7102271B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2006-09-05 | Infinite Power Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a high output sensor system |
| IL165270A0 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2005-12-18 | Israel State | Piezoelectric power supply |
| KR20140078743A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-06-25 | 오클랜드 유니서비시즈 리미티드 | Passively switched converter and circuits including same |
| CN113726220B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2024-05-03 | 中山大学 | Piezoelectric energy collection interface circuit based on multi-step overturning of inductance and capacitance |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2856564A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | 1958-10-14 | John W Derwin | Barium titanate crystals as a portable source of electric power |
| JPS512565Y2 (en) * | 1971-05-14 | 1976-01-26 | ||
| DE7135862U (en) * | 1971-09-22 | 1976-01-08 | Industrie-Werke Karlsruhe Augsburg Ag, 7500 Karlsruhe | ELECTRIC AMMUNITION DETECTOR, IN PARTICULAR FOR HAND GRENADES |
| JPS5116673B2 (en) * | 1972-03-18 | 1976-05-26 | ||
| DE2255547C3 (en) * | 1972-11-13 | 1979-10-11 | Diehl Gmbh & Co, 8500 Nuernberg | Switching device on electric projectile detonators |
| DE2314709A1 (en) * | 1973-03-24 | 1974-09-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | ELECTRIC IGNITION DEVICE |
| DE2539541C2 (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1982-05-13 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Circuit for an electric projectile fuse |
| DE2558864C2 (en) * | 1975-12-27 | 1978-02-23 | Geschoßzündern Fa. Diehl, 8500 Nürnberg | Switching device on electrical |
| DE2931765C2 (en) * | 1979-08-04 | 1982-08-19 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Detonator without initial explosives |
-
1981
- 1981-02-20 CH CH114281A patent/CH643413A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-01-21 FR FR8200924A patent/FR2500692B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-26 BE BE0/207135A patent/BE891895A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-27 DE DE3202612A patent/DE3202612C2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-28 NL NL8200306A patent/NL8200306A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-29 IT IT67098/82A patent/IT1154475B/en active
- 1982-02-02 ES ES509257A patent/ES8303823A1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-03 AR AR288338A patent/AR230531A1/en active
- 1982-02-05 GB GB8203360A patent/GB2095053B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-08 DK DK52482A patent/DK52482A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-02-09 IL IL64965A patent/IL64965A/en unknown
- 1982-02-10 ZA ZA82848A patent/ZA82848B/en unknown
- 1982-02-15 CA CA000396284A patent/CA1185656A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-17 BR BR8200875A patent/BR8200875A/en unknown
- 1982-02-18 SE SE8201005A patent/SE8201005L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-02-18 JP JP57025840A patent/JPS57184831A/en active Pending
- 1982-02-19 PT PT74461A patent/PT74461B/en unknown
- 1982-02-19 NO NO820530A patent/NO152889C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2500692A1 (en) | 1982-08-27 |
| JPS57184831A (en) | 1982-11-13 |
| DK52482A (en) | 1982-08-21 |
| GB2095053B (en) | 1985-03-27 |
| PT74461B (en) | 1983-09-27 |
| FR2500692B1 (en) | 1985-05-31 |
| PT74461A (en) | 1982-03-01 |
| NO820530L (en) | 1982-08-23 |
| DE3202612C2 (en) | 1985-11-14 |
| ES509257A0 (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| IL64965A (en) | 1985-07-31 |
| NO152889C (en) | 1985-12-04 |
| IT8267098A0 (en) | 1982-01-29 |
| ZA82848B (en) | 1982-12-29 |
| BE891895A (en) | 1982-05-17 |
| AR230531A1 (en) | 1984-04-30 |
| NL8200306A (en) | 1982-09-16 |
| IT1154475B (en) | 1987-01-21 |
| CH643413A5 (en) | 1984-05-30 |
| GB2095053A (en) | 1982-09-22 |
| CA1185656A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
| BR8200875A (en) | 1982-12-28 |
| SE8201005L (en) | 1982-08-21 |
| DE3202612A1 (en) | 1982-11-11 |
| ES8303823A1 (en) | 1983-02-01 |
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