NO136091B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO136091B NO136091B NO2911/73A NO291173A NO136091B NO 136091 B NO136091 B NO 136091B NO 2911/73 A NO2911/73 A NO 2911/73A NO 291173 A NO291173 A NO 291173A NO 136091 B NO136091 B NO 136091B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- azide
- mixture
- gas
- silicon
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 alkali metal azide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical group [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 7
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UUXFWHMUNNXFHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium azide Chemical compound [Ba+2].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] UUXFWHMUNNXFHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium superoxide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][O-] XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 4-aminobenzoate Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC(O)CO)C=C1 WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium perchlorate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium peroxide Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][O-] ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UETLMBWMVIQIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium azide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] UETLMBWMVIQIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AYTVLULEEPNWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cesium;azide Chemical compound [Cs+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] AYTVLULEEPNWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSUSEPIPTZNHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diperchlorate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BSUSEPIPTZNHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001484 inorganic perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triperchlorate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GUWHRJQTTVADPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium azide Chemical compound [Li+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] GUWHRJQTTVADPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWRAJPCQPHBABR-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;diazide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] TWRAJPCQPHBABR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004972 metal peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMMDVXFQGOEOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCN XMMDVXFQGOEOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYWSTUCDSVYLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrooxythallium Chemical compound [Tl+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYWSTUCDSVYLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TZLVRPLSVNESQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium azide Chemical compound [K+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] TZLVRPLSVNESQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001489 rubidium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEWQYWRSUXOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium(1+);azide Chemical compound [Rb+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] GEWQYWRSUXOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHCGLDSRFKGERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium peroxide Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][O-] UHCGLDSRFKGERO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDEROVFZLWBVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;diazide Chemical compound [Sr+2].[N-]=[N+]=[N-].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PDEROVFZLWBVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRFIUHRIOLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;diperchlorate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MXRFIUHRIOLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinitrooxystannyl nitrate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B35/00—Compositions containing a metal azide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Gassproduserende metallazidholdig blanding.Gas-producing metal azide-containing mixture.
Description
Denne oppfinnelse angår en metallazidholdig stoffblan-ding egnet til fremstilling av gasser. This invention relates to a metal azide-containing substance mixture suitable for the production of gases.
Oppblåsbare sikringssystemer er i og for seg kjent som sikkerhetsforanstaltning for beskyttelse av passasjerene i automobiler i tilfelle av kollisjon. Disse systemer består vanlig- Inflatable safety systems are known in and of themselves as a safety measure for the protection of the passengers in automobiles in the event of a collision. These systems usually consist of
vis av en pose som er anbragt foran passasjerene og som opp- show a bag which is placed in front of the passengers and which
blåses ved hurtig retardasjon av bilen. blown by rapid deceleration of the car.
Det er kjent å blåse opp posen ved hjelp av komprimert gass som tilføres fra en lagerbeholder. Bruken av komprimert gass for dette formål medfører imidlertid visse ulemper. Det er på-krevet med en stor tykkvegget beholder for lagring av gassen under et trykk på omkring 200 atmosfærer. Videre må gassbeholderen være tett over et lengere tidsrom, slik at gasstrykket er tilstrekkelig høyt til enhver tid i tilfelle av en ulykke. It is known to inflate the bag using compressed gas supplied from a storage container. However, the use of compressed gas for this purpose entails certain disadvantages. A large, thick-walled container is required for storing the gas under a pressure of around 200 atmospheres. Furthermore, the gas container must be sealed over a longer period of time, so that the gas pressure is sufficiently high at all times in the event of an accident.
Det er også kjent å blåse opp posen ved hjelp av gass som utvikles ved forbrenning av et drivstoff eller en pyroteknisk blanding. Svartkrutt har vært anvendt som gassproduserende blanding, men har den ulempe at forbrenningsproduktene er skadelige. Blandinger inneholdende alkalimetallazider har fordeler som gassproduserende materiale da forbrenningsproduktet hovedsakelig er nitrogengass. En blanding bestående av et alkalimetallazid og en oksygenholdig oksyderende forbindelse gir imidlertid, i tillegg til nitrogen, en viss mengde giftig, korroderende alkalimetalloksyd. En slik blanding er beskrevet i US patent nr. 2.981.616 til bruk som en kilde for trykkgass til fremdrift av raketter. Pyrotekniske blandinger som inneholder alkalimetallazid, oksyderende forbindelse og et brennstoff så som bor eller silicium er beskrevet i US patent nr. 3.122.462. Ved anvendelse som en gasskilde kan imidlertid disse pyrotekniske blandinger, avhengig av det prosent-vise innhold av ingrediensene, oppvise en høy forbrennings-hastighet som nærmer seg detonasjon. It is also known to inflate the bag by means of gas which is developed by burning a fuel or a pyrotechnic mixture. Black powder has been used as a gas-producing mixture, but has the disadvantage that the combustion products are harmful. Mixtures containing alkali metal azides have advantages as gas-producing material as the combustion product is mainly nitrogen gas. However, a mixture consisting of an alkali metal azide and an oxygen-containing oxidizing compound gives, in addition to nitrogen, a certain amount of toxic, corrosive alkali metal oxide. Such a mixture is described in US Patent No. 2,981,616 for use as a source of compressed gas for rocket propulsion. Pyrotechnic compositions containing alkali metal azide, oxidizing compound and a fuel such as boron or silicon are described in US Patent No. 3,122,462. When used as a gas source, however, these pyrotechnic mixtures, depending on the percentage content of the ingredients, can exhibit a high combustion rate approaching detonation.
Det er nå blitt funnet en gassproduserende blanding som A gas-producing mixture has now been found which
er egnet til oppblåsing av et sikringssystem for automobiler, og som ikke er beheftet med de ulemper som de tidligere kjente drivstoffer og pyrotekniske blandinger oppviser. Den nye blanding inneholder et alkalimetall- eller jordalkalimetall-azid, en oksyderende forbindelse og et oksyd av silicium, aluminium, titan, tinn eller sink, eventuelt i blanding med silicium-, aluminium-, titan-, tinn- eller sink-metall, hvilket oksyd, eventuelt i blanding med metall, foreligger i en mengde som er tilstrekkelig til å reagere med metalloksyder som dannes under azidets spaltning. Blandingen produserer nitrogengass i tilstrekkelige mengder til is suitable for inflating a security system for automobiles, and which is not burdened with the disadvantages that the previously known fuels and pyrotechnic mixtures exhibit. The new mixture contains an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal azide, an oxidizing compound and an oxide of silicon, aluminium, titanium, tin or zinc, optionally in admixture with silicon, aluminium, titanium, tin or zinc metal, which oxide, possibly in mixture with metal, is present in an amount sufficient to react with metal oxides which are formed during the cleavage of the azide. The mixture produces nitrogen gas in sufficient quantities to
å fylle en beskyttelsespose av ovennevnte art, og de faste produkter ved den gassproduserende reaksjon er ugiftige og ikke korroderende. to fill a protective bag of the above kind, and the solid products of the gas-producing reaction are non-toxic and non-corrosive.
Oppfinnelsen tar således sikte på å tilveiebringe en gassproduserende blanding, hvor produktene fra den gassproduserende reaksjon er ugiftige og ikke-korroderende. Oppfinnelsen vil bli nærmere forklart nedenfor. The invention thus aims to provide a gas-producing mixture, where the products of the gas-producing reaction are non-toxic and non-corrosive. The invention will be explained in more detail below.
Den gassproduserende blanding ifølge oppfinnelsen omfatter (1) et azid av et alkalimetall eller et jordalkalimetall, (2) en oksyderende forbindelse i tilstrekkelige mengder til å reagere fullstendig med azidet under dannelse av nitrogengass, og (3) et oksyd valgt fra gruppen bestående av siliciumoksyd, aluminiumoksyd, titanoksyd, tinnoksyd og sinkoksyd, med eller uten tilsetning av et metall valgt fra gruppen bestående av silicium, aluminium, titan, tinn og sink, i tilstrekkelige mengder til å reagere med det metalliske residuum ved reaksjonen mellom (1) og (2). The gas-producing composition of the invention comprises (1) an azide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, (2) an oxidizing compound in sufficient amounts to react completely with the azide to form nitrogen gas, and (3) an oxide selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide , aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, with or without the addition of a metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminium, titanium, tin and zinc, in sufficient amounts to react with the metallic residue in the reaction between (1) and (2) ).
Bruken av en blanding av et oksyd og et metall som ingredienser i blandingen gir et middel til regulering av for-brenningshastigheten. Blandinger inneholdende bare oksyd som ingrediens (3) brenner langsommere enn blandinger som bare har metall som ingrediens (3). Når (3) er en blanding av siliciumoksyd og silicium, vil variering av andelen av disse to komponenter gi et forbrenningshastighets-område fra ca. 110 millisekunder med siliciumoksyd alene til ca. 11 millisekunder med silicium alene, avhengig av drivstoffblandingens størrelse og form. The use of a mixture of an oxide and a metal as ingredients in the mixture provides a means of controlling the rate of combustion. Mixtures containing only oxide as ingredient (3) burn more slowly than mixtures containing only metal as ingredient (3). When (3) is a mixture of silicon oxide and silicon, varying the proportion of these two components will give a burning rate range from approx. 110 milliseconds with silicon oxide alone to approx. 11 milliseconds with silicon alone, depending on the size and shape of the fuel mixture.
Bestanddelene i den gassproduserende blanding kan blandes sammen i form av faste partikler og antennes ved hjelp av en gløde-tråd eller en kinaputt. Alternativt kan blandingen anvendes i to separate porsjoner, en første porsjon omfattende azidet og den oksyderende forbindelse, og en annen porsjon omfattende metall-oksydet. Den annen porsjon anbringes da som en mantel omkring den første porsjon, eller den anbringes i utløpssonen i den beholder som inneholder den gassproduserende blanding. The components of the gas-producing mixture can be mixed together in the form of solid particles and ignited with the help of a glow wire or a China putt. Alternatively, the mixture can be used in two separate portions, a first portion comprising the azide and the oxidizing compound, and a second portion comprising the metal oxide. The second portion is then placed as a mantle around the first portion, or it is placed in the outlet zone of the container containing the gas-producing mixture.
Som kjent anbringes den gassproduserende blanding i en beholder som kommuniserer med den oppblåsbare pose i ovennevnte sikringssystem. Normalt anbringes en sperreplate og/eller en filteranordning i gassledningen mellom den gassproduserende beholder og den oppblåsbare pose, hvorved faste produkter ikke så lett strømmer inn i posen. As is known, the gas-producing mixture is placed in a container which communicates with the inflatable bag in the above-mentioned security system. Normally, a barrier plate and/or a filter device is placed in the gas line between the gas-producing container and the inflatable bag, whereby solid products do not easily flow into the bag.
Den gassproduserende blandings reaksjon kan angis ved følgende ligning: hvor azidet er natriumazid, oksydet er siliciumoksyd og oksygen fåes fra en egnet oksyderende forbindelse. Når azidet er natriumazid, oksydet er siliciumoksyd og kaliumperklorat er den oksyderende forbindelse, fåes følgende ligning: The reaction of the gas-producing mixture can be indicated by the following equation: where the azide is sodium azide, the oxide is silicon oxide and oxygen is obtained from a suitable oxidizing compound. When the azide is sodium azide, the oxide is silicon oxide and potassium perchlorate is the oxidizing compound, the following equation is obtained:
Når en blanding av siliciumoksyd og silicium anvendes som ingrediens (3), kan reaksjonen angis ved følgende ligning: When a mixture of silicon oxide and silicon is used as ingredient (3), the reaction can be expressed by the following equation:
Det silikat som dannes vil avhenge av sammensetningen av det azid som brukes. Anvendes f.eks. bariumazid, vil silikatet være BaSi03. I nærvær av den oksyderende forbindelse kan reaksjonen ventes å gi også komplekse silikater. The silicate formed will depend on the composition of the azide used. Used e.g. barium azide, the silicate will be BaSiO3. In the presence of the oxidizing compound, the reaction can also be expected to give complex silicates.
Egnede azid-ingredienser i den gassproduserende blanding ifølge oppfinnelsen er litiumazid, natriumazid, kaliumazid, rubidiumazid, cesiumazid, kalsiumazid, magnesiumazid, strontium-azid og bariumazid. Suitable azide ingredients in the gas-producing mixture according to the invention are lithium azide, sodium azide, potassium azide, rubidium azide, cesium azide, calcium azide, magnesium azide, strontium azide and barium azide.
Oksyderende forbindelser som er egnet som ingredienser i den gassproduserende blanding, innbefatter metallperoksyder så Oxidizing compounds suitable as ingredients in the gas-producing mixture include metal peroxides
som natriumperoksyd, kaliumperoksyd, rubidiumperoksyd, cesium-peroksyd, kalsiumperoksyd, strontiumperoksyd og bariumperoksyd; anorganiske perklorater så som litiumperklorat, natriumperklorat, kaliumperklorat, rubidiumperklorat, magnesiumperklorat, kalsium-perklorat, strontiumperklorat, bariumperklorat, ferriperklorat og koboltperklorat; og metallnitrater så som litiumnitrat, natrium-nitrat, kaliumnitrat, kobbernitrat, sølvnitrat, magnesiumnitrat, bariumnitrat, sinknitrat, aluminiumnitrat, thalliumnitrat, tinn-nitrat, vismutnitrat, mangan-nitrat, ferrinitrat, ferronitrat og nikkelnitrat. such as sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide, rubidium peroxide, cesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, strontium peroxide and barium peroxide; inorganic perchlorates such as lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, rubidium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate, strontium perchlorate, barium perchlorate, ferric perchlorate and cobalt perchlorate; and metal nitrates such as lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, copper nitrate, silver nitrate, magnesium nitrate, barium nitrate, zinc nitrate, aluminum nitrate, thallium nitrate, tin nitrate, bismuth nitrate, manganese nitrate, ferric nitrate, ferrous nitrate and nickel nitrate.
Oksyder som er egnet som ingredienser i den gassproduserende blanding, innbefatter siliciumdioksyd, aluminiumoksyd, titandioksyd, tinnoksyd og sinkoksyd. Metaller som er egnet som ingredienser i blandingen, innbefatter silicium, aluminium, titan, tinn og sink. Oxides suitable as ingredients in the gas-producing mixture include silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide. Metals suitable as ingredients in the composition include silicon, aluminium, titanium, tin and zinc.
Det er blitt funnet at blandingens slagfølsomhet nedsettes når blandingen inneholder finpartiklet amorf silika overtrukket med et vannavstøtende materiale så som et silan. Denne type hydrofob silika er beskrevet i Chemical Week av 8. september 1971, bind 109, side 39. Den foretrukne andel av overtrukket amorf silika er en ytterligere tilsats på 2 vekt%. Overtrukket finpartiklet silika kan imidlertid erstatte hele oksydinnholdet i blandingen. It has been found that the impact sensitivity of the composition is reduced when the composition contains finely divided amorphous silica coated with a water-repellent material such as a silane. This type of hydrophobic silica is described in Chemical Week of September 8, 1971, volume 109, page 39. The preferred proportion of coated amorphous silica is a further addition of 2% by weight. Coated fine-particle silica can, however, replace the entire oxide content in the mixture.
Andelene av azid og oksyderende forbindelse velges slik at azidet reagerer fullstendig under dannelse av gassformig nitrogen. Azider er giftige materialer, og det er ikke ønskelig at ureagert azid kommer inn i den oppblåsbare pose. Andelen av oksyd og eventuelt metall velges slik at den metalliske rest ved reaksjonen mellom azidet og den oksyderende forbindelse vil omsettes til ugiftige faste forbindelser. Når oksydet er siliciumoksyd og " metallet silicium, vil de dannede forbindelser være silikater. The proportions of azide and oxidizing compound are chosen so that the azide reacts completely with the formation of gaseous nitrogen. Azides are toxic materials, and it is not desirable for unreacted azide to enter the inflatable bag. The proportion of oxide and any metal is chosen so that the metallic residue will be converted into non-toxic solid compounds by the reaction between the azide and the oxidizing compound. When the oxide is silicon oxide and the metal silicon, the compounds formed will be silicates.
I tilfelle av andre oksyder og metaller vil det dannes andre oksygenholdige forbindelser så som aluminater, titanater etc. In the case of other oxides and metals, other oxygen-containing compounds such as aluminates, titanates etc. will be formed.
Ingrediensene i den gassproduserende blanding anvendes i partikkelform. Skjønt partikkelstørrelsen ikke synes å være av avgjørende betydning, er det bekvemt å bruke materiale med partikkelstørrelse mindre enn 100 mesh (Tyler-standard). The ingredients in the gas-producing mixture are used in particulate form. Although the particle size does not appear to be of critical importance, it is convenient to use material with a particle size of less than 100 mesh (Tyler standard).
Den gassproduserende blanding ifølge oppfinnelsen gjør det mulig å produsere en ugiftig gass ved hjelp av en reaksjon som gir ugiftige faste produkter. The gas-producing mixture according to the invention makes it possible to produce a non-toxic gas by means of a reaction which gives non-toxic solid products.
De følgende eksempler vil ytterligere belyse oppfinnelsen. The following examples will further illustrate the invention.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Tre 40 g charger av en blanding inneholdende natriumazid, siliciumdioksyd og kaliumperklorat i det molare forhold 8:4:1 ble plassert i beholdere og antent i et prøveområde ved hjelp av fenghette nr. 8 for elektrisk tenning. Materialet brente i løpet av noe mindre enn 1 sekund. Three 40 g charges of a mixture containing sodium azide, silicon dioxide and potassium perchlorate in the molar ratio 8:4:1 were placed in containers and ignited in a test area using a No. 8 electrical ignition trap cap. The material burned in less than 1 second.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
En 20 g charge av ovennevnte blanding ble antent ved hjelp av en kinaputt (S119). Materialet brukte ca. 3 sekunder for fullstendig forbrenning. A 20 g charge of the above mixture was ignited by means of a china putt (S119). The material used approx. 3 seconds for complete combustion.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Tre 40 g charger av en blanding inneholdende natriumazid, silicium og kaliumperklorat i molforhold 8:4:3 ble plassert i beholdere og antent i et prøveområde ved hjelp av fenghette nr. 8 for elektrisk tenning. Materialet brente meget hurtig med en hastighet som bare var en brøkdel lavere enn ved detonasjon. Three 40 g charges of a mixture containing sodium azide, silicon and potassium perchlorate in a molar ratio of 8:4:3 were placed in containers and ignited in a test area using a No. 8 electrical ignition trap cap. The material burned very quickly at a rate that was only a fraction lower than that of detonation.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
En 20 g charge av den i eksempel 3 beskrevne blanding ble antent ved hjelp av en kinaputt (S119). Materialet brente fullstendig opp i løpet av ca. 2 sekunder. A 20 g charge of the mixture described in example 3 was ignited by means of a china putt (S119). The material burned up completely within approx. 2 seconds.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
To 5 g charger av materialet i eksempel 3 ble plassert i små beholdere og antent i et lukket høytrykkskammer. Antennelse Two 5 g charges of the material in Example 3 were placed in small containers and ignited in a closed high pressure chamber. Ignition
ble oppnådd ved hjelp av en glødetråd. Et maksimalt trykk på was achieved using a filament. A maximum pressure of
ca. 61 atmosfærer ble oppnådd i løpet av 22 millisekunder etter forbrenningens begynnelse. about. 61 atmospheres were achieved within 22 milliseconds of the start of combustion.
De faste produkter fra to forbrenningseksperimenter ble gjenvunnet og analysert. Resultatene viste at 97% av silicium-metallet var omdannet til et vannoppløselig silikat. The solid products from two combustion experiments were recovered and analyzed. The results showed that 97% of the silicon metal had been converted into a water-soluble silicate.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
To 20 g charger av materialet i eksempel 3 ble plassert Two 20 g charges of the material in Example 3 were placed
i små beholdere og antent i et lukket høytrykkskammer. Antennelsen ble oppnådd ved hjelp av en glødetråd. Et maksimaltrykk på ca. in small containers and ignited in a closed high-pressure chamber. The ignition was achieved by means of a filament. A maximum pressure of approx.
610 atmosfærer ble oppnådd i løpet av 11 millisekunder etter forbrenningens begynnelse. 610 atmospheres were achieved within 11 milliseconds of the start of combustion.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
Fem 20 g charger av materialet ifølge eksempel 1 ble plassert i små beholdere og antent i et lukket trykk-kammer ved hjelp av en glødetråd. Et maksimaltrykk på ca. 170 atmosfærer ble oppnådd i løpet av en forbrenningstid på 110 millisekunder. En liten antennelsesforsinkelse ble observert ved anvendelse av glødetråd-metoden. De nevnte 110 millisekunder er den egentlige forbrenningstid og innbefatter ikke nevnte forsinkelse. Five 20 g charges of the material according to example 1 were placed in small containers and ignited in a closed pressure chamber by means of a filament. A maximum pressure of approx. 170 atmospheres were achieved during a burn time of 110 milliseconds. A slight ignition delay was observed when using the filament method. The mentioned 110 milliseconds is the actual burning time and does not include the mentioned delay.
De faste forbrenningsprodukter fra tre av disse for-brenninger ble samlet og analysert. Analysen viste at 87% av det siliciumoksyd som opprinnelig forelå i drivstoffet, var omdannet til et vannoppløselig silikat. The solid combustion products from three of these combustions were collected and analyzed. The analysis showed that 87% of the silicon oxide originally present in the fuel had been converted into a water-soluble silicate.
Eksempel 8 Example 8
Tre 20 g charger av en blanding inneholdende natriumazid, aluminium og kaliumklorat i molforholdet 2:2:1 ble plassert i små beholdere og antent i et lukket høytrykkskammer. Antennelsen skjedde ved hjelp av glødetråd. Den gjennomsnitlige forbrenningstid for disse prøver var 14 millisekunder. Forbrenningsresiduet ble ekstrahert med vann og natrium- og aluminium-innholdet i vann-ekstraktet ble analysert. Atomforholdet Al/Na er angitt i tabell I. Det vil sees at omdannelsen av aluminium til natriumaluminat NaAl02 gjennomsnitlig er 52%, idet fullstendig omdannelse ville gi et Al/Na-forhold på 1,0. Three 20 g charges of a mixture containing sodium azide, aluminum and potassium chlorate in the molar ratio 2:2:1 were placed in small containers and ignited in a closed high-pressure chamber. The ignition took place with the help of a filament. The average burning time for these samples was 14 milliseconds. The combustion residue was extracted with water and the sodium and aluminum content in the water extract was analysed. The atomic ratio Al/Na is given in Table I. It will be seen that the conversion of aluminum to sodium aluminate NaAl02 averages 52%, complete conversion would give an Al/Na ratio of 1.0.
Eksempel 9 Example 9
Tre 20 g charger av en blanding inneholdende natriumazid, alumina (AljO^) og kaliumperklorat i molforholdet 8:4:1 ble plassert i små beholdere og antent i et lukket høytrykkskammer. Antennelsen skjedde ved hjelp av en glødetråd. Prøvene hadde Three 20 g charges of a mixture containing sodium azide, alumina (AljO^) and potassium perchlorate in the molar ratio 8:4:1 were placed in small containers and ignited in a closed high pressure chamber. The ignition took place with the help of a filament. The samples had
en gjennomsnitlig forbrenningstid på 130 millisekunder. Residuet ble analysert som i eksempel 8. Resultatene er angitt i tabell I. Det vil sees at omdannelsen til natriumaluminat gjennomsnitlig er 48%. an average burn time of 130 milliseconds. The residue was analyzed as in Example 8. The results are given in Table I. It will be seen that the conversion to sodium aluminate averages 48%.
Eksempel 10 Example 10
Virkningen av et hydrofobt siliciumoksyd på følsomheten av de følgende blandinger: natriumazid, silicium, kaliumperklorat i molforholdet 8:4:3 og natriumazid, siliciumdioksyd, kaliumperklorat i molforholdet 8:4:1 ble målt ved at det til blandingene ble til-satt ytterligere 2 vekt% av de følgende materialer: 1. Findelt siliciumoksyd med et silan-overtrekk ("Silanox 101"), som har en spesifikk overflate på The effect of a hydrophobic silicon oxide on the sensitivity of the following mixtures: sodium azide, silicon, potassium perchlorate in the molar ratio 8:4:3 and sodium azide, silicon dioxide, potassium perchlorate in the molar ratio 8:4:1 was measured by adding to the mixtures an additional 2 % by weight of the following materials: 1. Finely divided silicon oxide with a silane coating ("Silanox 101"), which has a specific surface of
225 m<2>/g og en pH på 8-10. 225 m<2>/g and a pH of 8-10.
2. utfelt siliciumoksyd overtrukket med polysiloksan. 2. precipitated silicon oxide coated with polysiloxane.
(a) "QUSO" WR 50 (a) "QUSO" WR 50
(b) "QUSO" WR 82 (b) "QUSO" WR 82
WR 50 har en spesifikk overflate på 130 m 2/g og en WR 50 has a specific surface of 130 m 2/g and a
pH på 8,5. WR 82 har en spesifikk overflate på 120 m 2/g og en pH på 11,0. pH of 8.5. WR 82 has a specific surface area of 120 m 2 /g and a pH of 11.0.
Følsomheten ble målt med en fallhammer ved bruk av den høyde ved hvilken ingen antennelse fant sted i 20 fall-forsøk. Resultatene er angitt i tabell II. Sensitivity was measured with a drop hammer using the height at which no ignition occurred in 20 drop trials. The results are shown in Table II.
Det vil sees at findelt silika overtrukket med et silan nedsetter føTsomheten. It will be seen that finely divided silica coated with a silane reduces the permeability.
Claims (3)
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GB3448172A GB1391310A (en) | 1972-07-24 | 1972-07-24 | Gas generating compositions |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US2981616A (en) * | 1956-10-01 | 1961-04-25 | North American Aviation Inc | Gas generator grain |
US3122462A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1964-02-25 | Martin H Kaufman | Novel pyrotechnics |
US3785674A (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1974-01-15 | Rocket Research Corp | Crash restraint nitrogen generating inflation system |
US3797854A (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1974-03-19 | Rocket Research Corp | Crash restraint air generating inflation system |
-
1972
- 1972-07-24 GB GB3448172A patent/GB1391310A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-06-28 CA CA175,211A patent/CA997933A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-07-02 US US375654A patent/US3883373A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-07-17 NO NO2911/73A patent/NO136091C/en unknown
- 1973-07-18 BE BE133624A patent/BE802514A/en unknown
- 1973-07-20 NL NL7310133A patent/NL7310133A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1973-07-23 IT IT26931/73A patent/IT995049B/en active
- 1973-07-23 FR FR7326881A patent/FR2193801B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-07-23 SE SE7310254A patent/SE409451B/en unknown
- 1973-07-24 JP JP8281173A patent/JPS532156B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1391310A (en) | 1975-04-23 |
DE2336853A1 (en) | 1974-02-21 |
IT995049B (en) | 1975-11-10 |
JPS49131977A (en) | 1974-12-18 |
FR2193801B1 (en) | 1977-05-13 |
SE409451B (en) | 1979-08-20 |
BE802514A (en) | 1974-01-18 |
DE2336853B2 (en) | 1976-08-12 |
US3883373A (en) | 1975-05-13 |
JPS532156B2 (en) | 1978-01-25 |
NO136091C (en) | 1977-07-20 |
NL7310133A (en) | 1974-01-28 |
CA997933A (en) | 1976-10-05 |
FR2193801A1 (en) | 1974-02-22 |
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