NO133914B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO133914B NO133914B NO1503/73A NO150373A NO133914B NO 133914 B NO133914 B NO 133914B NO 1503/73 A NO1503/73 A NO 1503/73A NO 150373 A NO150373 A NO 150373A NO 133914 B NO133914 B NO 133914B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- tool
- drilling
- torque
- string
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004181 pedogenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
- E21B47/20—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry by modulation of mud waves, e.g. by continuous modulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
- C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
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- C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/18—Tall oil acids
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- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/284—Esters of aromatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M2215/044—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having cycloaliphatic groups
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- C10M2215/062—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups bound to the aromatic ring
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- C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører et måle- og boreverktøy og mer spesielt vedrører oppfinnelsen et verktøy som måler mens det borer som har en innretning såvel til å forspenne den signalfrembringende ventil for verktøyet mot en "åpen stilling når verktøyet ikke er i drift og for å redusere dreiemomentbelastningen som utøves på driftsstrengen til verktøyet når verktøyet er i virksomhet. The invention relates to a measuring and drilling tool and more particularly the invention relates to a tool that measures while drilling which has a device both to bias the signal producing valve for the tool towards an "open position when the tool is not in operation and to reduce the torque load that is exerted on the operating string of the utility when the utility is in operation.
Det har lenge vært et ønske om oppnåelsen av et system som kan måle ned gjennom hullet boreparametre og/eller jordformasjons-egenskaper og å overføre disse data til overflaten under selve boringen med et jordbor. Forskjellige slike systemer er blitt foreslått og blir vanligvis kalt "måle- og bore-" systemer. I slike måle- og boresystemer er et av hovedproblemene å finne frem til en innretning for å overføre informasjonen fra et sted nede i borehullet til overflaten og å motta dette i en meningsfylt tilstand. There has long been a desire to achieve a system that can measure down through the hole drilling parameters and/or soil formation properties and to transfer this data to the surface during the actual drilling with a soil drill. Various such systems have been proposed and are commonly referred to as "measure and drill" systems. In such measuring and drilling systems, one of the main problems is to find a device to transfer the information from somewhere down in the borehole to the surface and to receive this in a meaningful state.
I denne henseende er det blitt foreslått, å telemetrere den ønskede informasjon ved hjelp av et trykkbølgesignal som dannes i og overføres gjennom det sirkulerende slamsystem som man vanligvis har ved roterende boring. Trykkbølgesignalet som er representativt for et spesielt stykke av den ønskede informasjon blir dannet i slammet nede i hullet nær borkronen med en signalgivende ventil og bølgen føres opp gjennom hullet gjennom slammet til en signalmottager ved overflaten. Et måle- og boreverktøysystem som benytter denne teknikk med telemetri er beskrevet i U.S. patent nr. 3.309.656. In this respect, it has been proposed to telemeter the desired information by means of a pressure wave signal which is formed in and transmitted through the circulating mud system which is usually used in rotary drilling. The pressure wave signal that is representative of a particular piece of the desired information is formed in the mud down the hole near the drill bit with a signaling valve and the wave is carried up through the hole through the mud to a signal receiver at the surface. A measuring and drilling tool system using this technique with telemetry is described in U.S. Pat. patent No. 3,309,656.
I et måle- og boreverktøy av den type som er beskrevet i U.S. patent nr. 3.309.656 er en turbinlignende, signaldannende ventil anbragt i den sirkulerende slambane nær borkronen. Ventilen omfatter en stator og en rotor som hver har gjennomgående åpninger som når de er innrettet i forhold til hverandre tillater en full strømning av borslam gjennom ventilen. Hvis åpningene ikke ligger i linje med hverandre, er strømningen gjennom åpningene ihvert fall delvis blo-kert. En motor i boreverktøyet aktiviseres i samsvar med en målt-informasjon slik at den åpner og lukker ventilen i en grad som frem-bringer en trykkbølge i slammet som er representativ for den målte informasjon. In a measuring and drilling tool of the type described in U.S. patent no. 3,309,656 is a turbine-like, signal-generating valve placed in the circulating mud path near the drill bit. The valve comprises a stator and a rotor each of which has through openings which when aligned relative to each other allow a full flow of drilling mud through the valve. If the openings are not in line with each other, the flow through the openings is at least partially blocked. A motor in the drilling tool is activated in accordance with a measured information so that it opens and closes the valve to an extent that produces a pressure wave in the mud that is representative of the measured information.
Imidlertid vil i måle- og boreverktøy av denne typen den signaldannende ventil vanligvis frembringe visse hydrauliske dreiemomentegenskaper som ."én funksjon av strømningshastigheten gjennom ventilen, hvilke egenskaper har en tendens til å tvinge ventilen til dens lukkede stilling. Dette medfører problemer når borslam blir pumpet ned borestrengen og gjennom ventilen før verktøyet begynner å arbeide og motoren begynner å påvirke ventilen. På grunn av sammen-setningen av vanlig borslam, er fast materiale vanligvis tilstede som har en tendens til å påvirke slammet når det tvinges gjennom de avgrensede passasjer i ventilen, som man har når ventilen er i sin lukkede stilling. Disse faste materialer kan fortsette å oppsamles i ventilen og utgjør et virkelig problem i og med at de kan tilstoppe ventilen i en slik utstrekning at ventilen ikke kan åpnes av motoren når verktøyet settes i drift. However, in measuring and drilling tools of this type, the signaling valve will usually produce certain hydraulic torque characteristics as "a function of the flow rate through the valve, which characteristics tend to force the valve into its closed position. This causes problems when drilling mud is pumped down the drill string and through the valve before the tool begins to operate and the motor begins to actuate the valve. Due to the composition of common drilling mud, solids are usually present which tend to act upon the mud as it is forced through the confined passages of the valve, which one has when the valve is in its closed position These solids can continue to collect in the valve and pose a real problem in that they can clog the valve to such an extent that the valve cannot be opened by the motor when the tool is put into operation.
Også på grunn av konstruksjonen av denne type ventiler vil drivstrengen til verktøyet som kobler motoren til ventilen utsettes for vesentlige dreiemomentbelastninger mens verktøyet arbeider. Disse belastninger kan bevirke betydelig slitasje på drivstrengen som eventuelt kan føre til feil i verktøyet. Also due to the construction of this type of valve, the drive string of the tool that connects the motor to the valve will be exposed to significant torque loads while the tool is working. These loads can cause significant wear and tear on the drive string, which can eventually lead to errors in the tool.
Oppfinnelsen har således til hensikt å tilveiebringe et for-bedret måle- og boreverktøy av den ovenfor angitte type som omfatter innretninger for forspenning og opprettholdelse av den signaldannende ventil i en åpen stilling når verktøyet ikke er i drift. Innretningen ifølge oppfinnelsen skal også unngå eller i det vesentlige redusere dreiemomentbelastningene som vanligvis utøves på drivstrengen til verktøyet under drift. The invention thus aims to provide an improved measuring and drilling tool of the above-mentioned type which includes devices for biasing and maintaining the signal-generating valve in an open position when the tool is not in operation. The device according to the invention must also avoid or substantially reduce the torque loads that are usually exerted on the drive string of the tool during operation.
Konstruksjonsmessig omfatter verktøyet ifølge oppfinnelsen e-t hus som er anordnet i den sentrale kanal til en borkrave. Denne borkrave er beregnet på å forbindes med å danne en del av en borestreng på et jordboreapparat. Verktøyhuset bærer en roterende turbinlignende, signaldannende ventil som er plasert slik at ihvert fall en del av borevæsken strømmer gjennom borestrengen mens den passerer gjennom ventilen. Ventilen omfatter en stator som er festet til huset og en rotor som bæres av en roterende drivstreng som utstrekker seg fra en motor i huset. Såvel rotor og stator har åpninger som når de er innrettet i forhold til hverandre (dvs. åpen stilling) tillater en full gj-ennomstrømning gjennom ventilen, og når de ikke er innrettet i linje med hverandre (dvs. lukket stilling) blokerer ihvert fall en del av gjennomstrømningen. In terms of construction, the tool according to the invention comprises a housing which is arranged in the central channel of a drill collar. This drill collar is intended to be connected to form part of a drill string on an earth drilling rig. The tool casing carries a rotating turbine-like, signal-generating valve positioned so that at least some of the drilling fluid flows through the drill string as it passes through the valve. The valve comprises a stator attached to the housing and a rotor carried by a rotating drive string extending from a motor in the housing. Both rotor and stator have openings which, when they are aligned in relation to each other (i.e. open position) allow a full flow through the valve, and when they are not aligned in line with each other (i.e. closed position) block at least one part of the flow.
Por å sikre at det tillates en full gjennomstrømning gjennom ventilen mens verktøyet ikke er igang, omfatter foreliggende oppfinnelse en innretning for forspenning av ventilen mot en åpen stilling og for å holde den der når verktøyet ikke er i drift. Denne innretning omfatter en magnetisk enhet som har en magnet festet til verktøyhuset og et samvirkende magnetelement som er festet til verk-tøyets drivstreng. Enheten utvikler magnetiske dreiemomentegenskaper som er større enn de hydrauliske dreiemomentegenskaper for ventilen når verktøyet ikke er i drift slik at ventilen vil bli forspent mot og holdt i sin åpne stilling når verktøyet ikke er i drift. In order to ensure that a full flow through the valve is allowed while the tool is not in operation, the present invention includes a device for biasing the valve towards an open position and for keeping it there when the tool is not in operation. This device comprises a magnetic unit which has a magnet attached to the tool housing and a cooperating magnetic element which is attached to the tool's drive string. The unit develops magnetic torque characteristics that are greater than the hydraulic torque characteristics of the valve when the tool is not operating so that the valve will be biased against and held in its open position when the tool is not operating.
De hydrauliske dreiemomentegenskaper for ventilen er en øk-ende funksjon av strømningshastigheten gjennom ventilen. Da den mak-simale strømningshastighet vanligvis vil opptre under drift for verk-tøyet, vil dreiemomentegenskapene for enheten være konstruert til grovt å være lik de hydrauliske dreiemomenter ved denne driftsstrøm-ningshastighet. Ved å plasere enheten slik at det magnetiske dreiemoment er 180 ut av fase med det hydrauliske dreiemoment, vil det resulterende dreiemoment som utøves på drivstrengen til enhver tid under drift være uvesentlig. The hydraulic torque characteristics of the valve are an increasing function of the flow rate through the valve. As the maximum flow rate will usually occur during operation for the tool, the torque characteristics of the unit will be designed to be roughly equal to the hydraulic torques at this operating flow rate. By positioning the unit so that the magnetic torque is 180 out of phase with the hydraulic torque, the resulting torque exerted on the drive string at any time during operation will be negligible.
Oppfinnelsen skal i det følgende nærmere forklares under henvisning til et foretrukket utførelseseksempel som er fremstilt på tegningen, hvor de samme henvisningstall viser til de samme deler. Tegningen viser: fig. 1 et skjematisk riss av et roterende boreapparat om-fattende i vertikalsnitt en boraksel som inneholder en borestreng i hvilken oppfinnelsen benyttes, In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in the drawing, where the same reference numbers refer to the same parts. The drawing shows: fig. 1 a schematic view of a rotary drilling apparatus comprising in vertical section a drill shaft containing a drill string in which the invention is used,
fig. 2 et skjematisk riss, delvis i snitt av en del av borestrengen på fig. 1, med et måle- og boreverktøy montert i samsvar med oppfinnelsen, fig. 2 a schematic view, partly in section of a part of the drill string in fig. 1, with a measuring and drilling tool mounted in accordance with the invention,
fig. -3 et detalj snitt av en modifikasjon av den øvre del av fig. 2, som viser foreliggende oppfinnelse, fig. -3 a detailed section of a modification of the upper part of fig. 2, which shows the present invention,
fig. 4 et delsnitt- langs linjen 4 - 4 på fig. 3, og fig. 5 et delsnitt langs linjen 5-5 på fig. 3. fig. 4 a section along the line 4 - 4 in fig. 3, and fig. 5 a partial section along the line 5-5 in fig. 3.
Fig. 1 viser oppfinnelsen slik den benyttes i et måle- og boresystem som er innsatt i et roterende boreapparat. Et tårn 21 er plaserf .over en brønn 22 som dannes i jorden 23 ved roterende boring. En borestreng 24 er anbragt i brønnen og har en borkrone 27 ved sin nedre ende og en hodedel 28 som skal rotere strengen 24 og hodet 27. En svivel 33 er fes-tet til den $vre ende av hodedelen 28, og denne er fastholdt av en krok 32 på en kranblokk (ikke vist). Denne anordning avstøtter ikke bare borestrengen 24 i drivstilling i brønnen 22, men danner også en roterende forbindelze mellom kilden for sirkulerende borvæske, såsom slam, og borestrengen 24. Det skal forstås at "slam" er beregnet på å dekke alle de fluider som vanligvis benyttes ved roterende boring. Fig. 1 shows the invention as it is used in a measuring and drilling system which is inserted in a rotary drilling apparatus. A tower 21 is placed over a well 22 which is formed in the earth 23 by rotary drilling. A drill string 24 is placed in the well and has a drill bit 27 at its lower end and a head part 28 which is to rotate the string 24 and the head 27. A swivel 33 is attached to the upper end of the head part 28, and this is held by a hook 32 on a tap block (not shown). This device not only supports the drill string 24 in the drive position in the well 22, but also forms a rotating connection between the source of circulating drilling fluid, such as mud, and the drill string 24. It should be understood that "mud" is intended to cover all the fluids that are commonly used by rotary drilling.
Pumpen 36 overfører borslam fra en kilde, såsom en grøft 34, gjennom dempningsinnretningen 37 til Slamledningen 38. Dempningsinnretningen 37 er beregnet på å redusere pulseringsvirkningen fra pumpen 36 slik det tidligere er benyttet. Slammet strømmer gjennom slamledningen 38, den fleksible slange 39, sivelen 33, borestrengen 24 The pump 36 transfers drilling mud from a source, such as a trench 34, through the damping device 37 to the mud line 38. The damping device 37 is intended to reduce the pulsation effect from the pump 36 as previously used. The mud flows through the mud line 38, the flexible hose 39, the sieve 33, the drill string 24
og strømmer ut gjennom åpninger (ikke vist) i borkronen 27 for å føres ut i brønnen 22. Slammet sirkulerer så oppover medførende det borede and flows out through openings (not shown) in the drill bit 27 to be led out into the well 22. The mud then circulates upwards carrying the drilled
materiale gjennom ringhullet mellom brønnen og borestrengen 24 opp til jordoverflaten 23. Ved overflaten er brønnhodet 41 festet til huset 40 som er festet i brønnen 22. Røret 42 er forbundet med huset 40 for tilbakeføring av slammet til grøften 34. material through the annulus between the well and the drill string 24 up to the soil surface 23. At the surface, the wellhead 41 is attached to the housing 40 which is attached to the well 22. The pipe 42 is connected to the housing 40 for returning the mud to the trench 34.
Som skjematisk vist. på fig. 1 og 2 er et måle- og boreverk-tøy 46 plasert i borkraven 26 som danner en' del av den nedre ende av borestrengen 24 nær kronen 27. Verktøyet 46 har en motorbetjent, signaldannende, roterende ventil som periodisk avbryter ihvert fall en del av strømmen av borvæske gjennom ventilen for derved å danne en trykkbølge i væsken som er representativ for en målt betingelse i hullet. Dette er den type jnåle- og boreverktøy som er beskrevet i U.S. patent nr. 3.309-656. As schematically shown. on fig. 1 and 2 is a measuring and drilling tool 46 placed in the drill collar 26 which forms part of the lower end of the drill string 24 near the crown 27. The tool 46 has a motor-operated, signal-generating, rotary valve which periodically interrupts at least part of the flow of drilling fluid through the valve thereby creating a pressure wave in the fluid that is representative of a measured condition in the hole. This is the type of needle and drill tool described in U.S. Pat. patent No. 3,309-656.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse er rettet mot en innretning for å holde ventilen i en åpen stilling når verktøyet ikke er i drift og for å redusere dre-iemomentbe-lastningen på drivstrengen for verktøyet når verktøyet er i drift. I det følgende skal verktøyet 46 beskrives nærmere. The present invention is directed to a device for keeping the valve in an open position when the tool is not in operation and for reducing the torque load on the drive string for the tool when the tool is in operation. In the following, the tool 46 will be described in more detail.
En transduktor som kan måle en ønsket betingelse nede i borehullet og omdanne målingen til et elektrisk signal, er plasert nede i hullet på eller nær verktøyet -46. Som vist er transduktoren 54, f. eks. én strekkmåler, plasert på borkraven 26 for å måle vekten på kronen 27. Signalert fra transduktoren 54 tilføres til den elek-troniske enhet 53 som er forseglet i kammeret 48 til verktøyhuset- 46a. En slik elektronisk enhet er f. eks. beskrevet i U.S. patent nr. 3.309.656. Kretsen i enheten 53 vil i samsvar med signalet fra innretningen 54 tillate at en definert mengde kraft fra den elektriske generator 50 i kammeret 49 i huset 46a strømmer til-den hastighets-variable elektriske motor 55 -i kammeret 47 i huset 46a. En turbin 52 drevet av slammet roterer generatoren 50 for å frembringe elektrisk kraft. Motoren 55 vil i samsvar med mengden av elektrisitet som fø-res gjennom enheten 53 drive rotoren 61 til den signaldannende ventil 60 gjennom drivstrengen 56 med den rotasjonshastighet som er nødven-dig for å danne et trykkbølgesignal i slammet som er representativt for den -målte betingelse. A transducer that can measure a desired condition downhole and convert the measurement into an electrical signal is located downhole on or near the tool -46. As shown, the transducer 54, e.g. one strain gauge, placed on the drill collar 26 to measure the weight of the crown 27. The signal from the transducer 54 is supplied to the electronic unit 53 which is sealed in the chamber 48 of the tool housing-46a. Such an electronic device is e.g. described in the U.S. patent No. 3,309,656. The circuit in the unit 53 will, in accordance with the signal from the device 54, allow a defined amount of power from the electric generator 50 in the chamber 49 in the housing 46a to flow to the speed-variable electric motor 55 in the chamber 47 in the housing 46a. A turbine 52 driven by the sludge rotates the generator 50 to produce electrical power. The motor 55, in accordance with the amount of electricity that is fed through the unit 53, will drive the rotor 61 of the signal-generating valve 60 through the drive string 56 at the rotational speed necessary to form a pressure wave signal in the sludge that is representative of the -measured condition .
Ser man nu på den mere detaljerte fremstilling på fig. 39 omfatter den signaldannende ventil 60 en rotor 61 og en stator -62. Rotoren 6l er festet på akselen 63 til drivstrengen 56 ved hjelp av en avsmalnende bøssing 64 og mutter 65. Akselen 63 er opplagret i If you now look at the more detailed representation in fig. 39, the signal-generating valve 60 comprises a rotor 61 and a stator -62. The rotor 6l is attached to the shaft 63 of the drive string 56 by means of a tapered bushing 64 and nut 65. The shaft 63 is supported in
huset 46a ved hjelp av lagre 66. Tetningen 67 rundt akselen 63 av-tetter det indre av huset 46a mot påvirkningen av borslam» Fortrinnsvis, inneholder såvel rotoren 61 som statoren 62 det samme antall identiske avstandsplaserte spor .6la, 62a (fig. 5), idet hvert spor har den samme flate. Ventilen 60 er i "åpen stilling" hvis sporene er innrettet i forhold til hverandre og er i "lukket stilling" når sporene er fullstendig ute av innretting med hverandre. Når ventilen 60 er i lukket stilling, vil den eneste strømning gjennom ventilen være den som passerer gjennom åpningen 70 og shunten 71. Åpningen 70, slik det best fremgår av fig. 3, utgjøres av avstanden mellom bunnflaten til rotoren 61 og toppflaten til statoren 62. Shunten 71 (fig. 3 og 5) utgjøres av avstanden mellom den ytre omkrets til rotoren 6l og veggen til ledningen hosliggende til rotoren. Den ytre diameter på statoren 62 er effektivt den samme som den indre diameter far ledningen. the housing 46a by means of bearings 66. The seal 67 around the shaft 63 seals off the interior of the housing 46a against the influence of drilling mud" Preferably, both the rotor 61 and the stator 62 contain the same number of identically spaced grooves .6la, 62a (fig. 5) , as each track has the same surface. The valve 60 is in the "open position" if the slots are aligned with each other and is in the "closed position" when the slots are completely out of alignment with each other. When the valve 60 is in the closed position, the only flow through the valve will be that which passes through the opening 70 and the shunt 71. The opening 70, as best seen in fig. 3, is made up of the distance between the bottom surface of the rotor 61 and the top surface of the stator 62. The shunt 71 (fig. 3 and 5) is made up of the distance between the outer circumference of the rotor 6l and the wall of the line adjacent to the rotor. The outer diameter of the stator 62 is effectively the same as the inner diameter of the wire.
Når det er en strømning gjennom ventilen 60, men før generatoren 50 utvikler tilstrekkelig kraft til å betjene verktøyet 46, vil dreiemomentet for ventilen 60 ha en tendens til å tvinge den til lukket stilling. Når borestrengen 24 blir senket ned i brønnen, o&When there is a flow through the valve 60, but before the generator 50 develops sufficient power to operate the tool 46, the torque of the valve 60 will tend to force it to the closed position. When the drill string 24 is lowered into the well, o&
■slam strømmer gjennom verktøyet 46 for å. rotere turbinen 52 med en hastighet som er tilstrekkelig til å danne nødvendig kraft for-,verk-tøyet i den grad at den ikke kan åpnes når motoren 55- begynner å virke,, vil hele borestrengen 24 måtte fjernes for å åpne ventilen 60 før verktøyet 46 kan virke. mud flows through the tool 46 to rotate the turbine 52 at a speed sufficient to generate the necessary power for the tool to the extent that it cannot be opened when the motor 55 starts operating, the entire drill string 24 had to be removed to open the valve 60 before the tool 46 could operate.
På grunn av konstruksjonen av ventilen 60 utøves dessuten en hydraulisk dreiemomentbelastning på drivstrengen 56 når motoren 55 roterer ventilen 60 mellom den åpne og lukkede stilling under driften av verktøyet 46. Denne konstante, reverserende dreiemomentbelastning kan bevirke betydelig slitasje på drivstrengen som kan føre til tidlig opptredende feil for verktøyet 46. Additionally, due to the construction of the valve 60, a hydraulic torque load is exerted on the drive string 56 when the motor 55 rotates the valve 60 between the open and closed positions during operation of the tool 46. This constant, reversing torque load can cause significant wear on the drive string which can lead to premature failure. error for tool 46.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer en innretning for verktøyet 46 som såvel forspenner ventilen 60 i retning mot den åpne stilling og holder den der når verktøyet 46 ikke er i drift, og sam-tidig stopper eller vesentlig reduserer dreiemomentbelastningen som vanligvis, utøves på drivstrengen 56 under drift av verktøyet 46.. Innretningen ifølge oppfinnelsen er fortrinnsvis en magnetisk enhet 75 som omfatter en magnet 76 og et magnetelement 77. Det magnetiske element 77 som er vist, har en sylindrisk form med en avtrappet midtdel og hevede ender 77a og. 77b og er festet til akselen 63 for rotasjon med denne ved hjelp av en låsedel 80 og settskruer 81. Magneten 76 kan være konstruert i ett stykke selv om den er vist sammensatt av tre deler 76a, 76b, 76c. Delen 76a og enden 77a er fortannet som vist på fig. 5 for å tilveiebringe tiltrekkende poler 78, 79 mellom magneten 76 og magnetelementet .77. Som vist har såvel delen 76a som enden 77a ti poler som svarer til antall spor i både rotorenen 61 og statoren 62 (fig. 4) som derved gir ti. stabile stillinger for ventilen 60, i hvilke den vil være i åpen stilling. Magnetenheten 75 er utformet av et materiale, f. eks. "Alnico", som vil holde magnetismen i lange perioder, mens huset 46a er utformet av et relativt ikke-magnetisk materiale, f. eks. "Monel". The present invention provides a device for the tool 46 which both biases the valve 60 in the direction of the open position and holds it there when the tool 46 is not in operation, and at the same time stops or substantially reduces the torque load which is usually exerted on the drive string 56 during operation of the tool 46.. The device according to the invention is preferably a magnetic unit 75 which comprises a magnet 76 and a magnetic element 77. The magnetic element 77 shown has a cylindrical shape with a stepped middle part and raised ends 77a and. 77b and is attached to the shaft 63 for rotation with this by means of a locking part 80 and set screws 81. The magnet 76 can be constructed in one piece although it is shown composed of three parts 76a, 76b, 76c. The part 76a and the end 77a are serrated as shown in fig. 5 to provide attracting poles 78, 79 between the magnet 76 and the magnetic element .77. As shown, both the part 76a and the end 77a have ten poles which correspond to the number of tracks in both the rotor 61 and the stator 62 (fig. 4) which thereby gives ten. stable positions for the valve 60, in which it will be in the open position. The magnet unit 75 is made of a material, e.g. "Alnico", which will retain the magnetism for long periods, while the housing 46a is formed of a relatively non-magnetic material, e.g. "Monel".
For å sammensette den øvre del av verktøyet 46, blir enheten 75 som fortrinnsvis har en "holdedel" (ikke vist) gjennom den sentrale passasje i magnetelementet 77 plasert i en elektrisk spole og magnetisert.- Enheten 75, som nu holdes sammen av magnetiske krefter, blir så ført over akselen 63 som på sin side forskyver hol-dedelen fra elementet 77 når enheten 75 beveges på plass over nøkkel-delen 80. Settskruen 81 trekkes til gjennom hullet 85 i delen 76b for videre å feste det magnetiske element 77 til akselen 63. Der-- etter blir akselen 63, enheten 75 og det øvre.huselement 46b plasert i huset. 46a og huselementet 46b festet hertil. Akselen 63 som bærer hele enheten 75 roteres for å innrette magneten- 76 med åpningene i huset 46a så skruene 86 (bare en vist) kan innsettes for å feste magneten 76 til huset 46a. Statoren 62- roteres på gjengene på .det øvre huselement 46b slik-at sporene i statoren 62 er innrettet med sporene i rotoren 6l og derved plaserer ventilen 60 i en åpen stilling. Sett-.skruen 87 blir tiltrukket for å feste statoren 62 mot rotasjon under drift for verktøyet 46. Man ser at når polene på 7.6a og 77a er innrettet i en av de ti mulige stillinger., vil ventilen 60 være i en åpen stilling. To assemble the upper part of the tool 46, the unit 75 which preferably has a "holding part" (not shown) through the central passage in the magnetic element 77 is placed in an electric coil and magnetized.- The unit 75, which is now held together by magnetic forces , is then passed over the shaft 63 which in turn displaces the holding part from the element 77 when the unit 75 is moved into place over the key part 80. The set screw 81 is tightened through the hole 85 in the part 76b to further attach the magnetic element 77 to the shaft 63. After that, the shaft 63, the unit 75 and the upper housing element 46b are placed in the housing. 46a and the housing element 46b attached thereto. The shaft 63 which carries the entire unit 75 is rotated to align the magnet 76 with the openings in the housing 46a so that the screws 86 (only one shown) can be inserted to secure the magnet 76 to the housing 46a. The stator 62 is rotated on the threads on the upper housing element 46b so that the grooves in the stator 62 are aligned with the grooves in the rotor 6l and thereby places the valve 60 in an open position. The set screw 87 is tightened to secure the stator 62 against rotation during operation of the tool 46. It is seen that when the poles of 7.6a and 77a are aligned in one of the ten possible positions, the valve 60 will be in an open position.
For å sikre at ventilen 60 holdes i. sin åpne stilling når verktøyet 46 ikke er i drift, er det bare nødvendig å utforme enheter 75 slik at det magnetiske dreiemoment for denne overskrider de hy^-drauliske dreiemomenter for ventilen 60 som fremkommer når verktøyet 46 ikke er i drift. Imidlertid er i tillegg til det ovenstående, foreliggende oppfinnelse utformet for å oppheve eller vesentlig redusere det hydrauliske dreiemoment som vanligvis utøves på drivstrenger. In order to ensure that the valve 60 is held in its open position when the tool 46 is not in operation, it is only necessary to design units 75 so that the magnetic torque for this exceeds the hydraulic torques for the valve 60 that occur when the tool 46 is not in operation. However, in addition to the above, the present invention is designed to eliminate or substantially reduce the hydraulic torque usually exerted on drive strings.
De hydrauliske dreiemomentegenskaper for ventilen 60 øker som en funksjon av strømningshastigheten gjennom ventilen slik at det i verktøyet 46 vanligvis vil opptre en maksimal strømningshastig-het gjennom ventilen 60 ved aktuelle boreoperasjoner, hvorved verk-tøyet 46 vil være under drift. Derfor vil det ved utformingen av en-neten 75 for denne strømningshastighet bestandig være tilstrekkelig magnetisk dreiemoment til å holde ventilen 60 åpen til verktøyet 46 begynner å arbeide. Den nominelle strømningshastigheten for slammet som vil benyttes under en spesiell boreoperasjon er vanligvis kjent og varierer meget lite hvis ikke spesielle forhold opptrer under boringen. De hydrauliske dreiemomentegenskaper for ventilen 60 som opptrer ved denne nominelle strømningshastighet kan bestemmes ved benkeforsøk og de magnetiske dreiemomentegenskaper for enheten 75 blir utformet til grovt å være lik disse dreiemomenter for ventilen 60 untier disse drifts.betingelser. Ved plasering av enheten 75 som beskrevet ovenfor, vil det magnetiske dreiemoment som utøves på drivstrengen 56 være l80° ut av fase med det hydrauliske dreiemoment som utøves på drivstrengen 56 ved drift av ventilen-60. Evis de'to... dreiemomenter er i det'vesentlige like, vil det resulterende dreiemoment som utøves på drivstrengen 56 til enhver tid under driften være uvesentlig. Også ved effektivt å unngå dreiemoment på drivstrengen 56, vil motoren 55 være i drift under vesentlige ikke-belåstede betingelse*1, og derved tillate at det kan benyttes svakere motorer i verktøyet 46. The hydraulic torque characteristics of the valve 60 increase as a function of the flow rate through the valve so that a maximum flow rate through the valve 60 will usually occur in the tool 46 during relevant drilling operations, whereby the tool 46 will be in operation. Therefore, by designing the net 75 for this flow rate, there will always be sufficient magnetic torque to keep the valve 60 open until the tool 46 starts working. The nominal flow rate for the mud that will be used during a particular drilling operation is usually known and varies very little unless special conditions occur during drilling. The hydraulic torque characteristics of the valve 60 occurring at this nominal flow rate can be determined by bench testing and the magnetic torque characteristics of the unit 75 are designed to roughly equal these torques of the valve 60 under these operating conditions. When placing the unit 75 as described above, the magnetic torque exerted on the drive string 56 will be 180° out of phase with the hydraulic torque exerted on the drive string 56 when operating the valve-60. If the two torques are substantially equal, the resulting torque exerted on the drive string 56 at any time during operation will be insignificant. Also by effectively avoiding torque on the drive string 56, the motor 55 will be operating under substantially non-loaded conditions*1, thereby allowing weaker motors to be used in the tool 46.
Da det ikke er kritisk at alle dreiemomenter på drivstrengen 56 blir nøyaktig opphevet, kan forandringer fra den nominelle strøm-ningshastighet tolereres. Motoren 55 er utformet slik at den har tilstrekkelig kraft til å overvinne ethvert positivt hydraulisk eller magnetisk dreiemoment som normalt kan opptre under boringen på grunn av forandringer i strømningshastigheten for slammet. Imidlertid vil selv ved varierende strømningshastigheter reduksjonen i utøvet dreiemoment på drivstrengen 5<? på grunn av motbalanseringseffekten- for As it is not critical that all torques on the drive string 56 be exactly canceled out, changes from the nominal flow rate can be tolerated. The motor 55 is designed so that it has sufficient power to overcome any positive hydraulic or magnetic torque that may normally occur during drilling due to changes in the flow rate of the mud. However, even with varying flow rates, the reduction in applied torque on the drive string 5<? due to the counterbalancing effect- for
det hydrauliske og magnetiske dreiemoment være meget gunstig. the hydraulic and magnetic torque be very favorable.
I enheten 74, som vist, er det magnetiske dreiemoment én funksjon av de motsattliggende flateområder på polene 78 og 79- Ved å variere diametrene for åpningene 90 og 91 i delen 76a og enden 77a, vil flateområdet for disse poler kunne varieres og det ønskede magnetiske dreiemoment for enheten 75 kan innstilles. Videre kan flere enn en enhet 75, 75a (fig. 2) med de samme eller forskjellig, magnetiske dreiemomenter bli stablet på akselen 63 hvorved de. enkelte dreiemomentegenskaper for hver enhet er kombinert for å forme en dreiemomentkurve med de spesielle egenskaper som er ønsket for et spesielt verktøy 46. In the unit 74, as shown, the magnetic torque is a function of the opposite surface areas of the poles 78 and 79. By varying the diameters of the openings 90 and 91 in the part 76a and the end 77a, the surface area of these poles can be varied and the desired magnetic torque for the unit 75 can be set. Furthermore, more than one unit 75, 75a (fig. 2) with the same or different magnetic torques can be stacked on the shaft 63 whereby they. individual torque characteristics for each unit are combined to form a torque curve with the particular characteristics desired for a particular tool 46.
Selv om bare en utførelsesform for oppfinnelsen er vist, kan forskjellige modifikasjoner gjennomføres innenfor oppfinnelsens ramme. F. eks. kunne det benyttes mindre enn en magnetisk pol for hvert spor i ventilen, noe som fremdeles ville helde ventilen åpen, men ville redusere antallet av stabile åpne stillinger som står til rådighet. Likeledes kan den magnetiske enhet bli plasert ved andre stillinger på drivstrengen 56, f. eks. før en reduksjonsoverføring, noe som ville forandre, antall poler som er nødvendig for å sikre et antall stabile åpne stillinger for ventilen 60 når verktøyet 46 ikke er i drift. Although only one embodiment of the invention is shown, various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. For example less than one magnetic pole could be used for each slot in the valve, which would still keep the valve open, but would reduce the number of stable open positions available. Likewise, the magnetic unit can be placed at other positions on the drive string 56, e.g. before a reduction transmission, which would change the number of poles necessary to ensure a number of stable open positions for the valve 60 when the tool 46 is not in operation.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US26785172A | 1972-06-30 | 1972-06-30 |
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AU (1) | AU462604B2 (en) |
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GB (1) | GB1378871A (en) |
IE (1) | IE37486B1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY7500158A (en) |
NL (1) | NL170449C (en) |
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US3997867A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-12-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Well bore data-transmission apparatus |
US3909776A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1975-09-30 | Amoco Prod Co | Fluidic oscillator seismic source |
US3949354A (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1976-04-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus for transmitting well bore data |
USRE30055E (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1979-07-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus for transmitting well bore data |
US4785300A (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1988-11-15 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Pressure pulse generator |
GB8331111D0 (en) * | 1983-11-22 | 1983-12-29 | Sperry Sun Inc | Signalling within borehole whilst drilling |
CA1268052A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1990-04-24 | William Gordon Goodsman | Measure while drilling systems |
US5073877A (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1991-12-17 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Signal pressure pulse generator |
US5375098A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1994-12-20 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Logging while drilling tools, systems, and methods capable of transmitting data at a plurality of different frequencies |
US5237540A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Logging while drilling tools utilizing magnetic positioner assisted phase shifts |
US5586083A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-12-17 | Harriburton Company | Turbo siren signal generator for measurement while drilling systems |
EP1466070A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 | 2004-10-13 | Presssol Ltd. | Two string drilling system |
WO2003062590A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | Presssol Ltd. | Two string drilling system using coil tubing |
US6909667B2 (en) | 2002-02-13 | 2005-06-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Dual channel downhole telemetry |
WO2004009952A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-29 | Presssol Ltd. | Reverse circulation clean out system for low pressure gas wells |
AU2003260210A1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-11 | Presssol Ltd. | Reverse circulation directional and horizontal drilling using concentric coil tubing |
US7075215B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2006-07-11 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Matching layer assembly for a downhole acoustic sensor |
US7036363B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2006-05-02 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic sensor for downhole measurement tool |
US6995500B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2006-02-07 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Composite backing layer for a downhole acoustic sensor |
US7513147B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2009-04-07 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Piezocomposite transducer for a downhole measurement tool |
US7343983B2 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2008-03-18 | Presssol Ltd. | Method and apparatus for isolating and testing zones during reverse circulation drilling |
US20050178586A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-08-18 | Presssol Ltd. | Downhole blowout preventor |
US20050252661A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-17 | Presssol Ltd. | Casing degasser tool |
GB2443415A (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-07 | Sondex Plc | A device for creating pressure pulses in the fluid of a borehole |
US7587936B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2009-09-15 | Smith International Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining drilling fluid acoustic properties |
US8174929B2 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2012-05-08 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Spindle for mud pulse telemetry applications |
US8151905B2 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2012-04-10 | Hs International, L.L.C. | Downhole telemetry system and method |
US8117907B2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-02-21 | Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. | Caliper logging using circumferentially spaced and/or angled transducer elements |
EP3045654A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2016-07-20 | Evolution Engineering Inc. | Measurement while drilling fluid pressure pulse generator |
CA2900592C (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2016-05-17 | Evolution Engineering Inc. | Fluid pressure pulse generating apparatus and method of using same |
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US2700131A (en) * | 1951-07-20 | 1955-01-18 | Lane Wells Co | Measurement system |
US2940039A (en) * | 1957-06-10 | 1960-06-07 | Smith Corp A O | Well bore electrical generator |
US3309656A (en) * | 1964-06-10 | 1967-03-14 | Mobil Oil Corp | Logging-while-drilling system |
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1972
- 1972-06-30 US US00267851A patent/US3792429A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1973
- 1973-03-21 NL NLAANVRAGE7303988,A patent/NL170449C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1973-03-29 CA CA167,468A patent/CA978175A/en not_active Expired
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- 1973-06-06 AU AU56574/73A patent/AU462604B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-06-25 OA OA54949A patent/OA04435A/en unknown
- 1973-06-29 DK DK361373A patent/DK148006C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1975
- 1975-12-30 MY MY158/75A patent/MY7500158A/en unknown
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IE37486L (en) | 1973-12-30 |
OA04435A (en) | 1980-03-15 |
CA978175A (en) | 1975-11-18 |
GB1378871A (en) | 1974-12-27 |
AU462604B2 (en) | 1975-06-26 |
IE37486B1 (en) | 1977-08-03 |
NL170449B (en) | 1982-06-01 |
NL170449C (en) | 1982-11-01 |
US3792429A (en) | 1974-02-12 |
NO133914C (en) | 1976-07-14 |
DK148006C (en) | 1985-09-02 |
NL7303988A (en) | 1974-01-02 |
MY7500158A (en) | 1975-12-31 |
AU5657473A (en) | 1974-12-12 |
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