NO131747B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO131747B NO131747B NO2737/70A NO273770A NO131747B NO 131747 B NO131747 B NO 131747B NO 2737/70 A NO2737/70 A NO 2737/70A NO 273770 A NO273770 A NO 273770A NO 131747 B NO131747 B NO 131747B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- otter
- shear force
- line
- center
- towing
- Prior art date
Links
- 241001233242 Lontra Species 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
- C07H15/08—Polyoxyalkylene derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
- A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
- A23L27/34—Sugar alcohols
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/804—Low calorie, low sodium or hypoallergic
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Description
Oterbord for pelagisk trål. Otterboard for pelagic trawling.
Oppfinnelsen angår et oterbord for pelagisk trål der oterbordet har en hvelvet bæreflateliknende form i strømningsret-ningen og oterbordet kan ikke selv flyte. Trekklinen har et festepunkt som ligger høyere enn trykkmiddelpunktet på utskjæringskraften for oterbordet. Oterbord av denne art er tyngre enn vann. En økning eller reduksjon av høydestillingen kan imidlertid foregå ved hjelp av forandring av retningen eller størrelsen på de dynamiske krefter som virker på oterbordet under slepningen og som oppstår på grunn av strømmene. Slike oterbord har den fordel at man ved forholdsvis liten endring av slepehastigheten kan innstille garnets høydestilling. Den store følsomhet overfor endringer i slepehastigheten har på den annen side den ulempe at den riktige ut-førelse for oterbordet i de fleste tilfeller først kan finnes etter langvarige forsøk under hvilke garnet ved normal slepehastighet trekkes i en midlere vanndybde. Mange ganger løfter oterbordene garnet opp til vannets overflate allerede ved normal hastighet eller løfter garnet til den ønskede dybde i vannet for fiske først ved en meget høyere slepehastighet. Da drifts-omkostningene pr. dag under fangsten er meget nøye er det praktisk talt umulig å tilpasse oterbordet de forskjellige arbeids-forhold ved endring av vekten eller ved forflytning av angrepspunktet for trekklinen ved oterbordet. The invention relates to an otter board for pelagic trawling where the otter board has a domed airfoil-like shape in the direction of flow and the otter board cannot itself float. The pull line has an attachment point that is higher than the center of pressure of the cutting force for the otter table. Otter boards of this species are heavier than water. An increase or decrease of the height position can, however, take place by means of changing the direction or size of the dynamic forces acting on the otter table during towing and which occur due to the currents. Such otterboards have the advantage that with a relatively small change in the towing speed, the height of the net can be adjusted. The great sensitivity to changes in the towing speed, on the other hand, has the disadvantage that the correct design for the otter board can in most cases only be found after long-term trials during which the line is pulled at a normal towing speed in an average water depth. Many times the otterboards lift the net to the surface of the water already at normal speed or lift the net to the desired depth in the water for fishing only at a much higher towing speed. Since the operating costs per day during the catch is very careful, it is practically impossible to adapt the otter table to the different working conditions by changing the weight or by moving the point of attack for the towline at the otter table.
Til grunn for foreliggende oppfinnelse ligger den tanke at man kan komme frem til en sammensetning av krefter som lett og hurtig kan tilpasses driftsforholdene hvis man gjør den dynamiske oppdrift ved normal slepehastighet lik oterbordets vekt. Dette kan man i henhold til oppfinnelsen oppnå ved at avstanden h fra utskjærings-kraftens S trykkmiddelpunkt til festepunktet for slepelinen er bestemt ved likningen: h = G . (a . sin x + b . cos x)/ (s—G . sin x) idet G er vekten av oterbordet i vann, S den utskjæringskraft som er virksom ved en på forhånd angitt midlere slepehastighet og der a og b er tyngdepunktets avstand fra skj ærkraftens trykkmiddelpunkt, resp. avstanden fra slepelinens angreps-punkt til oterbordet. The present invention is based on the idea that you can arrive at a composition of forces that can be easily and quickly adapted to the operating conditions if you make the dynamic buoyancy at normal towing speed equal to the weight of the otter board. According to the invention, this can be achieved by the distance h from the center of pressure of the cutting force S to the attachment point for the towing line being determined by the equation: h = G . (a . sin x + b . cos x)/ (s—G . sin x) where G is the weight of the otter board in water, S the cutting force that is effective at a pre-specified mean towing speed and where a and b are the distance of the center of gravity from the pressure center of the shear force, resp. the distance from the tow line's point of attack to the otter board.
Fordelen med oppfinnelsen består i at oterbord som er utført på denne måte holder garnet i den høyde som er bestemt av slepelinens lengde under normal slepehastighet. Endringer i den ønskede dybde for garnet i vannet kan man da foreta uten endringer av slepelinen, men bare ved endring av slepehastigheten. The advantage of the invention is that otterboards made in this way keep the net at the height determined by the length of the towing line under normal towing speed. Changes in the desired depth for the net in the water can then be made without changing the towing line, but only by changing the towing speed.
Det er fordelaktig å henge opp ballasten eller en del av denne under oterbordet. En slik opphengning er riktignok i og for seg kjent men ikke i forbindelse med et oterbord av den nye konstruksjon som er nevnt ovenfor. Ved denne opphengning av ballasten oppnår man den fordel at oterbordet, i motsetning til tid-ligere kjente oterbord, ikke så lett tipper bakover når det berører bunnen. Videre oppnår man den nye virkning at oterbordets skråstilling plutselig forandrer seg på grunn av den avlastning av strekket som oppstår ved berøring av bunnen, idet oterbordet straks heller forover så snart ballasten berører bunnen. På denne måte forhindrer man på en tilfredsstillende måte oterbordet fra å tippe bakover. It is advantageous to suspend the ballast or part of it under the otter table. Such a suspension is admittedly known in and of itself, but not in connection with an otter table of the new construction mentioned above. By suspending the ballast in this way, the advantage is that the otter table, in contrast to previously known otter tables, does not easily tip backwards when it touches the bottom. Furthermore, the new effect is achieved that the tilt of the otter table suddenly changes due to the relief of the tension that occurs when it touches the bottom, as the otter table immediately leans forward as soon as the ballast touches the bottom. In this way, the otter table is satisfactorily prevented from tipping backwards.
På tegningen er oppfinnelsens gjen- In the drawing, the invention's
stand vist som eksempel og: stand shown as an example and:
fig. 1 viser oterbordet sett fra siden i retning I på fig. 2, fig. 1 shows the otter board seen from the side in direction I in fig. 2,
fig. 2 viser et snitt etter linjen II—II fig. 2 shows a section along the line II—II
på fig. 1, on fig. 1,
fig. 3 viser et snitt etter linjen III—III fig. 3 shows a section along the line III—III
på fig. 1 i større målestokk, on fig. 1 on a larger scale,
fig. 4 viser et kraftdiagram for figurene 1—3. fig. 4 shows a force diagram for figures 1-3.
Slik det fremgår av fig. 3 er oter- As can be seen from fig. 3 is otter-
bordet hvelvet i strømningsretningen. Ved den øvre og den nedre kant, på innsiden av hvelvingen er det i rett vinkel anordnet kantlister 1 til avstivning, og disse lister vil samtidig øke utskjæringskraften da de nedsetter omstrømningen rundt disse kan- the table vaulted in the direction of flow. At the upper and lower edges, on the inside of the vault, edge strips 1 are arranged at right angles for bracing, and these strips will simultaneously increase the cutting force as they reduce the circulation around these can-
ter. Ved avstanden h over angrepspunktet A for skjærkraften S er det anordnet et ter. At the distance h above the point of attack A for the shear force S, a
steg 2 som ved sin forreste ende har et hull 3 hvori slepelinen 4 hektes inn. Skygge- step 2, which at its front end has a hole 3 into which the towline 4 is hooked. Shade-
linene 5 er festet ved de bakre kanter av oterbordet ved stegene 6. Nær ved den nedre kant av bordet er det anordnet flere steg for innhektning av skyggeliner for å the lines 5 are attached at the rear edges of the otter table by steps 6. Near the lower edge of the table, several steps are arranged for hooking shadow lines in order to
kunne rette den resulterende trekkraft i skyggelinene mest mulig i høyde med ste- could direct the resulting traction in the shadow lines as much as possible at the height of the
get 2. get 2.
Ved den nedre kant av oterbordet er At the lower edge of the otter table is
det anbrakt en ballast 7, 8. Ved hjelp av ballasten 7, 8 vil oterbordets tyngdepunkt B ligge i den nedre del. a ballast 7, 8 was placed. With the help of the ballast 7, 8, the otter board's center of gravity B will lie in the lower part.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen skal av- According to the invention, the
standen h være så stor at oterbordet ved en på forhånd bestemt midlere slepehastig- the stand h be so large that the otter table at a predetermined mean towing speed
het på f. eks. 3y2 knop, inntar en slik skrå- hot on e.g. 3y2 knots, takes such an oblique
stilling med underkanten utad at den ver- position with the lower edge outwards so that it ver-
tikalt oppadrettede komponent P av skjær- tical upward component P of shear
kraften S er lik vekten G av oterbordet i vannet. the force S is equal to the weight G of the otter board in the water.
De størrelser som er nødvendige for The sizes necessary for
bestemmelse av avstandene gir seg av kon- determination of the distances results from con-
struksjonen. Skjærkraften S kan beregnes ved hjelp av de kjente strømningstekniske undersøkelser for en bestemt hastighet. the structure. The shear force S can be calculated using the known flow engineering studies for a specific speed.
Den vertikale komponent P for skjær- The vertical component P for shear
kraften S skal nu være lik vekten G av oterbordet i vannet. Ved hjelp av P og S the force S must now be equal to the weight G of the otter board in the water. With the help of P and S
'bestemmes'' helningsvinkelen x for oter- 'determine'' the angle of inclination x for oter-
bordet i forhold til loddlinjen under den bestemte midlere slepehastighet, nemlig the table in relation to the plumb line below the determined mean drag speed, viz
p p
ved likningen sinus x = — (se fig. 2 og 4). by the equation sine x = — (see fig. 2 and 4).
s pp
Som det fremgår av fig. 2 utøver skjær- As can be seen from fig. 2 performs cutting
kraften S med vektarmen h et høyredrei- the force S with the weight arm h a clockwise rotation
ende dreiemoment om festepunktet 3 for slepelinen. For at oterbordet ved den mid- end torque about the attachment point 3 for the tow line. So that the otter table at the mid-
lere slepehastighet skal kunne innta en skråstilling med vinkelen x må det venstre- lower towing speed must be able to assume an inclined position with the angle x, the left-
dreiende moment av vekten G med vekt- torque of the weight G with weight-
armen d om punktet 3 være lik og mot- arm d if point 3 be equal and opposite
satt rettet, dvs. momentet må tilfredsstille betingelsen: set directed, i.e. the moment must satisfy the condition:
I denne likning er G og S kjent slik In this equation, G and S are known as
at man får forholdet mellom d og h. that you get the ratio between d and h.
For å kunne bestemme avstanden h To be able to determine the distance h
ved beregning må man løse ut G fra en komponent G. cos x perpendikulært på when calculating, one must resolve G from a component G. cos x perpendicular to
retningen av skjærkraften S og fra en komponent G . sin x parallelt med retnin- the direction of the shear force S and from a component G . sin x parallel to retnin-
gen av skjærkraften S. Komponenten G. cos x utøver med vektarmen b og kom- gene of the shear force S. The component G. cos x exerts with the weight arm b and com-
ponenten G . sin x med vektarmen (a -f- h) the ponent G . sin x with the weight arm (a -f- h)
et venstredreiende moment om festepunk- a left-turning moment about attachment point-
tet 3 for slepelinen 4. For at summen av de motsatt rettede momenter skal være lik null må: tet 3 for the tow line 4. For the sum of the oppositely directed moments to be equal to zero, you must:
Tråler eller garn med oterbord som til- Trawls or nets with otter boards as
fredsstiller disse betingelser holder seg ved den på forhånd bestemte midlere slepe- peacemaker these conditions adheres to the predetermined means of towing
hastighet i den vanndybde som bestemmes av lengden av slepelinene, og blir ved hjelp av bordene ved en liten økning av slepe- speed in the water depth determined by the length of the tow lines, and becomes with the help of the tables by a small increase in the tow-
hastigheten løftet til en mindre dybde resp. the speed lifted to a smaller depth resp.
senket til en større dybde ved en nedset- sunk to a greater depth by a lowered
telse av hastigheten. counting the speed.
Oterbordet er laget av metall eller The otter table is made of metal or
annet ikke hygroskopisk materiale for at det når det gjelder dets virkemåte i hen- other non-hygroscopic material, so that when it comes to its mode of operation in
hold til oppfinnelsen ikke skal forandre sin viktige størrelse og tyngdepunkt ved opptagelse eller avstivning av vann. keep the invention from changing its important size and center of gravity when absorbing or stiffening water.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP44055306A JPS5112707B1 (en) | 1969-07-13 | 1969-07-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131747B true NO131747B (en) | 1975-04-14 |
NO131747C NO131747C (en) | 1975-07-23 |
Family
ID=12994870
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO2737/70A NO131747C (en) | 1969-07-13 | 1970-07-11 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3705039A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5112707B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1750170A (en) |
BE (1) | BE753320A (en) |
CA (1) | CA926795A (en) |
CH (1) | CH527573A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2034700B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2055084A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1317746A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1035514B (en) |
NL (1) | NL170158C (en) |
NO (1) | NO131747C (en) |
SE (1) | SE352522B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA704795B (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2307251C2 (en) * | 1973-02-14 | 1984-03-29 | Süddeutsche Zucker AG, 6800 Mannheim | Medicines used to treat chronic constipation and liver damage |
DE2217628C2 (en) * | 1972-04-12 | 1974-06-06 | Sueddeutsche Zucker Ag | Process for the production of alpha-D-glucopyranosido square bracket on 1-6 square bracket to sorbitol (isomaltite) |
JPS4954572A (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1974-05-27 | ||
US3876816A (en) * | 1972-10-25 | 1975-04-08 | Dynapol Corp | Nonabsorbable, nonnutritive sweeteners |
US3876814A (en) * | 1974-02-14 | 1975-04-08 | Dynapol Corp | Edible substances with 3-amino-4-n-propoxybenzyl alcohol as a sweetener |
DE2520173B2 (en) * | 1975-05-06 | 1978-10-26 | Sueddeutsche Zucker-Ag, 6800 Mannheim | Glucopyranosido-l.e-mannit, process for its production and its use as a sugar substitute |
US4156076A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1979-05-22 | Carbos Ag | Process for the conversion of lactose into monosaccharides and derivatives thereof |
JPS5385000A (en) * | 1976-12-31 | 1978-07-26 | Akira Misaki | Glucan and its preparation |
US4202940A (en) * | 1976-12-31 | 1980-05-13 | Director-Gen. of the Tea Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Japanese Government | Glucan and a process for the production thereof using Elsinoe |
US4430322A (en) | 1980-11-07 | 1984-02-07 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Modified glucans as anti-caries agent and method of use |
JPS57134498A (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab Inc | Anhydrous crystalline maltitol and its preparation and use |
US4518581A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1985-05-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo | Imparting low- or anti-cariogenic property to orally-usable products |
FR2575180B1 (en) * | 1984-12-20 | 1987-02-06 | Roquette Freres | HIGH MALTITOL CONTENT, USES THEREOF AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
MXPA01010889A (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2002-06-21 | Grain Processing Corp | High purity maltose process and products. |
US20030021866A1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2003-01-30 | Grain Processing Corporation | Method for making wine |
US20040052915A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-18 | Carlson Ting L. | Use of low glycemic index sweeteners in food and beverage compositions |
BRPI0507583A (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2007-07-03 | Cargill Inc | low glycemic index sweeteners and products made using the same |
ES2444847T3 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2014-02-27 | Cargill, Incorporated | Syrup Preparation Procedures |
JP6971548B2 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2021-11-24 | 三菱商事ライフサイエンス株式会社 | Methods for improving milk flavor in milk-containing foods and drinks and milk flavor enhancers |
BR112019004997A2 (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2019-06-04 | Pepsico Inc | compositions and methods for improving the taste of non-nutritive sweeteners |
JPWO2021049457A1 (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-18 | ||
WO2024062157A1 (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2024-03-28 | Lajoie Oy | Sweetener composition, food product, method for producing a food product and use of supramolecular assemblies |
FI20225811A1 (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2024-03-20 | Lajoie Oy | Sweetener composition, food product and method for producing a food product |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2891869A (en) * | 1953-06-03 | 1959-06-23 | Staley Mfg Co A E | Process for preparing starch syrups |
NL137813C (en) * | 1963-05-06 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US3741776A (en) * | 1968-01-23 | 1973-06-26 | Hayashibara Co | Process for preparing foods and drinks |
DE1903074C3 (en) * | 1968-01-23 | 1982-08-12 | Hayashibara Co., Okayama | Process for the production of maltitol |
JPS567665B1 (en) * | 1969-01-24 | 1981-02-19 |
-
1969
- 1969-07-13 JP JP44055306A patent/JPS5112707B1/ja active Pending
-
1970
- 1970-07-10 CA CA087892A patent/CA926795A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-07-10 SE SE09643/70A patent/SE352522B/xx unknown
- 1970-07-10 US US53993A patent/US3705039A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-07-10 ZA ZA704795A patent/ZA704795B/en unknown
- 1970-07-10 BE BE753320D patent/BE753320A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-07-10 CH CH1047270A patent/CH527573A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-07-11 IT IT52096/70A patent/IT1035514B/en active
- 1970-07-11 NO NO2737/70A patent/NO131747C/no unknown
- 1970-07-13 DE DE2034700A patent/DE2034700B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1970-07-13 AU AU17501/70A patent/AU1750170A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-07-13 NL NLAANVRAGE7010316,A patent/NL170158C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-07-13 GB GB3398070A patent/GB1317746A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-07-15 FR FR7025928A patent/FR2055084A5/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1035514B (en) | 1979-10-20 |
US3705039A (en) | 1972-12-05 |
NL170158C (en) | 1982-10-01 |
GB1317746A (en) | 1973-05-23 |
NL7010316A (en) | 1971-01-15 |
AU1750170A (en) | 1972-01-20 |
NL170158B (en) | 1982-05-03 |
NO131747C (en) | 1975-07-23 |
ZA704795B (en) | 1972-03-29 |
FR2055084A5 (en) | 1971-05-07 |
JPS5112707B1 (en) | 1976-04-21 |
CA926795A (en) | 1973-05-22 |
BE753320A (en) | 1971-01-11 |
DE2034700B2 (en) | 1974-12-05 |
CH527573A (en) | 1972-09-15 |
DE2034700A1 (en) | 1971-03-18 |
SE352522B (en) | 1973-01-08 |
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