NO115756B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO115756B NO115756B NO161628A NO16162866A NO115756B NO 115756 B NO115756 B NO 115756B NO 161628 A NO161628 A NO 161628A NO 16162866 A NO16162866 A NO 16162866A NO 115756 B NO115756 B NO 115756B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- metal
- contact
- anodes
- area
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/04—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
- B28B23/043—Wire anchoring or tensioning means for the reinforcements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/47—Molded joint
- Y10T403/472—Molded joint including mechanical interlock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/47—Molded joint
- Y10T403/473—Socket or open cup for bonding material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/71—Rod side to plate or side
- Y10T403/7129—Laterally spaced rods
- Y10T403/7141—Plural channels in connector
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Description
Anode til katodisk å beskytte mot korrosjon metalloverflater som er i berøring med en korroderende saltoppløsning. Anode to cathodically protect against corrosion metal surfaces that are in contact with a corrosive salt solution.
Oppfinnelsen angår en anode til katodisk å beskytte mot korrosjon metalloverflater som er i kontakt med korroderende The invention relates to an anode to cathodically protect against corrosion metal surfaces that are in contact with corroding
saltoppløsninger. Anoden er av et metall, saline solutions. The anode is made of a metal,
som er mere elektropositivt enn det metall which is more electropositive than that metal
hvis overflate skal beskyttes mot korrosjon, og er i ledende forbindelse med metalloverflaten og i kontakt med saltoppløs-ningen. whose surface is to be protected against corrosion, and is in conductive connection with the metal surface and in contact with the salt solution.
Det er kjent å beskytte sjøgående stål-skips skrog mot havvannets korroderende It is known to protect seagoing steel ship hulls against seawater's corrosive effects
virkning ved hjelp av et eller flere lag maling, som kan inneholde stoffer som for-hindrer bevoksning, dvs. avsetning og vekst effect by means of one or more layers of paint, which may contain substances that prevent vegetation, i.e. deposition and growth
av organismer på skipsskroget. Det er like-ledes kjent å beskytte sjøgående stålskips-skrog mot havvannets virkning ved at der of organisms on the ship's hull. It is also known to protect seagoing steel ship hulls against the effects of seawater by
på skipsskroget under vannlinjen anbringes anoder av et metall, som er mere elektropositivt enn jern, f. eks. magnesium. anodes of a metal, which is more electropositive than iron, are placed on the ship's hull below the waterline, e.g. magnesium.
Disse anoder frembringer en slik spen-ningsforskjell mellom skipsskroget og havvannet at jernets korrosjon nedsettes, selv These anodes produce such a voltage difference between the ship's hull and the seawater that the iron's corrosion is reduced, even
om der er huller i malinglaget. Det er if there are holes in the paint layer. It is
imidlertid en ulempe ved den sistnevnte however, a disadvantage of the latter
fremgangsmåte at spenningsforskjellen procedure that the voltage difference
mellom skipsskroget og havvannet kan between the ship's hull and the seawater can
medføre dannelse av blærer i malingen, lead to the formation of blisters in the paint,
som da skaller av på vedkommende steder. which then peels off in the relevant places.
Dette fenomen er sterkest i nærheten av This phenomenon is strongest in the vicinity of
anodene, hvor strømtettheten er størst. På the anodes, where the current density is greatest. On
grunn av anodene unngås korrosjon visst-nok på de steder hvor malingen er skallet due to the anodes, corrosion is certainly avoided in the places where the paint has peeled off
av, men den bevoksningshindrende virkning er sterkt nedsatt på disse steder. Ofte of, but the antifouling effect is greatly reduced in these places. Often
er den elektriske strøm som frembringes is the electric current produced
ved anodens virkning, meget kraftigere enn nødvendig for å oppnå den ønskede virkning. Dette er særlig tilfelle i begynnelsen, når malinglaget bare er lite beskadiget, og forårsaker den foran nevnte avskalling av malingen og dessuten også et unødvendig raskt og unyttig forbruk av anodemetall. by the action of the anode, much stronger than necessary to achieve the desired effect. This is particularly the case at the beginning, when the paint layer is only slightly damaged, and causes the aforementioned peeling of the paint and also an unnecessarily rapid and useless consumption of anode metal.
De nevnte ulemper søkes ved anoden ifølge oppfinnelsen unngått, idet der anvendes en eller flere anoder som er utformet eller anordnet slik at arealet av den totale anodeoverflate som er i berøring med saltoppløsningen, vokser under anodens eller anodenes bruk. The aforementioned disadvantages are sought to be avoided with the anode according to the invention, as one or more anodes are used which are designed or arranged so that the area of the total anode surface which is in contact with the salt solution increases during the use of the anode or anodes.
Bare en del (b) av anodens eller anodenes overflate er i kontakt med saltopp-løsningen, mens resten (a, c) av anode-overflaten, unntatt den del som er i ledende forbindelse med det metall som skal beskyttes, er dekket med et beskyttende skikt som ikke er elektrisk ledende, og det karakteristiske trekk ved anoden ifølge oppfinnelsen er at den har en sådan til-spisset eller avrundet form at den ubeskyttede endeflate tiltar i areal etterhvert som anoden tæres. Det beskyttende, ikke ledende lag kan f. eks. bestå av maling, lakk, as-falt eller et annet makromolekylært stoff. Only part (b) of the surface of the anode or anodes is in contact with the salt solution, while the rest (a, c) of the anode surface, except for the part which is in conductive contact with the metal to be protected, is covered with a protective layer which is not electrically conductive, and the characteristic feature of the anode according to the invention is that it has such a pointed or rounded shape that the unprotected end surface increases in area as the anode corrodes. The protective, non-conductive layer can e.g. consist of paint, varnish, asphalt or another macromolecular substance.
Praktiske forsøk har vist at det er mest fordelaktig å bruke anoder, som hver ifølge oppfinnelsen har en slik form at dets over-flateareal som er i berøring med saltopp-løsningen, kan bli minst ti ganger større under anodens bruk. Practical experiments have shown that it is most advantageous to use anodes, each of which according to the invention has such a shape that its surface area in contact with the salt solution can become at least ten times larger during the anode's use.
På tegningen vises noen utførelsesfor-mer for anoder ifølge oppfinnelsen. The drawing shows some embodiments of anodes according to the invention.
Fig. 1 viser, sett fra siden og ovenfra, Fig. 1 shows, seen from the side and from above,
en prismatisk anode med to mot hverandre stående trapesformede flater og fire rektangulære flater. a prismatic anode with two opposite trapezoidal surfaces and four rectangular surfaces.
Fig. 2 viser en prismatisk anode i hvil- Fig. 2 shows a prismatic anode at rest
ken to mot hverandre stående rektangu- ken two opposite rectangles
lære flater er krumme, og fig. 3 en anode med to halvsirkelform- learning surfaces are curved, and fig. 3 an anode with two semicircular form-
ede flater og en rektangulær flate. flat surfaces and a rectangular surface.
Den i fig. 1 viste anode er begrenset av The one in fig. 1 shown anode is limited by
to trapeser, og fire rektangler og den for- two trapezoids, and four rectangles and the for-
bindes ved hjelp av bolter med den metall - is tied by means of bolts with the metal -
del som skal beskyttes mot korrosjon, slik at anodens største rektangulære flate a vender mot den overflate på denne metall- part that must be protected against corrosion, so that the anode's largest rectangular surface a faces the surface of this metal
del som kommer i berøring med saltopp-løsningen. Anodens minste rektangulære flate b er i kontakt med saltoppløsningen, part that comes into contact with the saline solution. The smallest rectangular surface b of the anode is in contact with the salt solution,
mens dens resterende flater er dekket av et beskyttende ikke ledende lag. Det er og- while its remaining surfaces are covered by a protective non-conductive layer. It is and-
så hensiktsmessig å anbringe et ikke led- so appropriate to place a non-joint
ende lag, f. eks. et tynt lag kautsjuk, mel- end layer, e.g. a thin layer of rubber, flour
lom flaten a og metalloverflaten. lom surface a and the metal surface.
Den retning i hvilken anodematerial- The direction in which the anode material
ets forbruk under anodens bruk skrider frem står loddrett på flaten b. Arealene av de tverrsnitt, som danner en rett vinkel med den nevnte retning og derfor paral- et's consumption during the anode's use progresses vertically on the surface b. The areas of the cross-sections, which form a right angle with the aforementioned direction and therefore parallel
lelle med flatene b og a, øker gradvis fra det minste areal z til det største areal a. Ettersom anoden forbrukes gir den følgelig lelle with the surfaces b and a, gradually increases from the smallest area z to the largest area a. As the anode is consumed, it consequently gives
en stadig større overflate som er i kontakt med saltoppløsningen. an increasingly large surface area in contact with the salt solution.
Lignende virkninger kan oppnås med anderledes utformede anoder, forutsatt at anodene har slik form at den del av anode-overflaten som er i kontakt med saltopp-løsningen øker under anodens bruk. Der kan således også anvendes en anode med form som en avstumpet kjegle hvis grunn- Similar effects can be achieved with differently designed anodes, provided that the anodes have such a shape that the part of the anode surface that is in contact with the salt solution increases during the anode's use. An anode shaped like a truncated cone can thus also be used, if the basic
flate anbringes mot den metalldel som skal beskyttes mot korrosjon, mens toppflaten er i kontakt med saltoppløsningen, og ved hvilken bare toppflaten er uten ikke leden- surface is placed against the metal part to be protected against corrosion, while the top surface is in contact with the salt solution, and in which only the top surface is without
de overtrekk. they cover.
Den i fig. 2 viste utførelsesform for anoden avviker fra anoden ifølge fig. 1 The one in fig. 2, the embodiment of the anode differs from the anode according to fig. 1
bare ved at sistnevnte anodes to motståen- only in that the latter is anodized two resist-
de rektangulære plane flater, som er dek- the rectangular flat surfaces, which are de-
ket med et ikke ledende lag, er erstattet med konkave sylinderflater. ket with a non-conductive layer, has been replaced with concave cylinder surfaces.
I den i fig. 3 viste utførelse er anoden overtrukket med et ikke ledende over-trekksmateriale med unntagelse av et styk- In the one in fig. 3, the anode is coated with a non-conductive coating material, with the exception of a piece
ke på midten av den bueformede flate, og dette stykkes areal svarer til arealet av fla- ke in the middle of the arc-shaped surface, and the area of this piece corresponds to the area of the flat
ten b på anoden ifølge fig. 1. ten b on the anode according to fig. 1.
Eksempel: Example:
Et skips A stålskrog, som var malt med A ship's A steel hull, which was painted with
en bituminøs grunnmaling ble forsynt med a bituminous primer was provided
anoder av den i fig. 2 viste art. Målene er i det følgende angitt i cm. Anodene var av magnesium, tilsatt 6 % aluminium og 3 % anodes of the one in fig. 2 showed art. The measurements are given below in cm. The anodes were magnesium, with 6% aluminum added and 3%
sink. Der ble anbragt en anode pr. to kva-dratmeter av skipsskrogets overflate under vannlinjen. Hver anode hadde på alle fla- zinc. An anode was placed per two square meters of the ship's hull surface below the waterline. Each anode had on all fla-
ter, med unntagelse av flaten b, et etoksy-linharpiksovertrekk. ter, with the exception of surface b, an ethoxyline resin coating.
Til sammenligning ble skroget av et In comparison, the hull of a
annet skip B, som var malt med en bitumi- other ship B, which was painted with a bituminous
nøs grunnmaling, forsynt med anoder av samme magnesiumlegering, men med den i fig. 3 viste form, og uten overtrekk med ikke ledende materiale, idet der også i dette tilfelle ble anbragt en anode pr. to kvadrat- nose primer, provided with anodes of the same magnesium alloy, but with the one in fig. 3 shown form, and without covering with non-conductive material, as in this case too an anode was placed per two square
meter av skipets skrog under vannlinjen. meters of the ship's hull below the waterline.
Begge skipsskrogene ble i to måneder Both hulls stayed for two months
utsatt for innvirkningen av saltbrakkvann i Amsterdam havn. Under disse forhold viste skipet A seg å være effektivt beskyt- exposed to the impact of salt brackish water in Amsterdam harbour. Under these conditions, ship A proved to be an effective protection
tet mot korrosjon, og dets maling ble prak- protected against corrosion, and its paint became prac-
tisk talt ikke beskadiget, selv ikke i nær- technically not damaged, not even close to
heten av anodene. Skipet B hadde over hele den utsatte overflate kraftig utvik- the heat of the anodes. Over the entire exposed surface, ship B had strongly developed
lede blærer i malingen, og malingslaget var beskadiget i nærheten av anodene etter bare noen dagers forløp. led to blisters in the paint, and the paint layer was damaged near the anodes after only a few days.
Følgende strømstyrker ble målt i milli-ampere. The following currents were measured in milli-amperes.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO161628A NO115756B (en) | 1966-02-09 | 1966-02-09 | |
GB5584/67A GB1117408A (en) | 1966-02-09 | 1967-02-06 | Anchor device for tension members in prestressed concrete and the like |
US614508A US3422592A (en) | 1966-02-09 | 1967-02-07 | Anchor device for steel reinforcing cables |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO161628A NO115756B (en) | 1966-02-09 | 1966-02-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO115756B true NO115756B (en) | 1968-11-25 |
Family
ID=19909442
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO161628A NO115756B (en) | 1966-02-09 | 1966-02-09 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3422592A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1117408A (en) |
NO (1) | NO115756B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3641772A (en) * | 1970-06-04 | 1972-02-15 | Losinger Ag | Rock anchor |
AT339094B (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1977-09-26 | Frantl Conprojekt | NODE CONNECTION FOR FRAMEWORKS |
US4043690A (en) * | 1975-08-28 | 1977-08-23 | York Engineering, Inc. | Wire rope termination |
US4353268A (en) * | 1976-03-10 | 1982-10-12 | Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet Aviation | Connecting rods |
US4113398A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-09-12 | Jordan Edgar R | Reinforced aperture in molded plastic article |
US5337621A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1994-08-16 | Teleflex Incorporated | Cable end fitting retainer and method for making same |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL76504C (en) * | ||||
US2751660A (en) * | 1951-02-03 | 1956-06-26 | Nakonz Walter | Method of pre-stressing reinforced concrete structural elements |
US2934935A (en) * | 1956-01-20 | 1960-05-03 | Holzmann Philipp Ag | Cast tensioning head for anchoring tensioning members, preferably for prestressed concrete |
CH408370A (en) * | 1963-01-24 | 1966-02-28 | Applic Coazioni S P A | Procedure and device for anchoring high resistance metal wires to a tension cable |
-
1966
- 1966-02-09 NO NO161628A patent/NO115756B/no unknown
-
1967
- 1967-02-06 GB GB5584/67A patent/GB1117408A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-02-07 US US614508A patent/US3422592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3422592A (en) | 1969-01-21 |
GB1117408A (en) | 1968-06-19 |
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