NO115071B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO115071B NO115071B NO156951A NO15695165A NO115071B NO 115071 B NO115071 B NO 115071B NO 156951 A NO156951 A NO 156951A NO 15695165 A NO15695165 A NO 15695165A NO 115071 B NO115071 B NO 115071B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- grams
- acid
- sensitive
- aluminum
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 claims description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RBHJBMIOOPYDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;propan-2-one Chemical compound O=C=O.CC(C)=O RBHJBMIOOPYDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical group [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 229940035422 diphenylamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AUXSSGANAUZNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O AUXSSGANAUZNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC=CC1=O WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUVMSYUGOKEMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(C)C[O-].CC(C)C[O-].CC(C)C[O-].CC(C)C[O-] QUVMSYUGOKEMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical group OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZELXJBMMZFDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazol-2-one Chemical class O=C1N=CC=N1 WZELXJBMMZFDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKNSIVFWRXBWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [N].NC1=CC=CC=C1 HKNSIVFWRXBWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acenaphthene Chemical compound C1=CC(CC2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CWRYPZZKDGJXCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical group C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008049 diazo compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940104869 fluorosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002473 indoazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPNNOLHYOHFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-K peroxyphosphate Chemical compound [O-]OP([O-])([O-])=O MPNNOLHYOHFJKL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound CCCO[Ti](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08G12/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
- C08G12/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- C08G12/06—Amines
- C08G12/08—Amines aromatic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
- B41N3/03—Chemical or electrical pretreatment
- B41N3/038—Treatment with a chromium compound, a silicon compound, a phophorus compound or a compound of a metal of group IVB; Hydrophilic coatings obtained by hydrolysis of organometallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/3819—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
- C08G63/6854—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/016—Diazonium salts or compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/085—Photosensitive compositions characterised by adhesion-promoting non-macromolecular additives
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Beleggblanding for litografisk trykkplate og fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av denne. Coating mixture for lithographic printing plate and method for its production.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår titanholdige The present invention relates to titanium-containing
beleggblandinger samt deres anvendelse ved coating mixtures as well as their application by
fremstilling av litografiske trykkplater med spe-sielt offset trykkplater. production of lithographic printing plates with special offset printing plates.
Litografiske plater er vel kjent på det gra-fiske område, og mange av disse har metall-bærere slik som aluminium eller sink. I de siste Lithographic plates are well known in the graphic field, and many of these have metal carriers such as aluminum or zinc. Lately
år har aluminium særlig vært anvendt på grunn years, aluminum in particular has been used for reasons
av dets omkostninger, tilgjengelighet og lette of its cost, availability and ease
vekt. Når imidlertid aluminium anvendes som weight. However, when aluminum is used as
underlag for trykkplater må først visse ulemper substrates for printing plates must first have certain disadvantages
overvinnes. F. eks. er det blitt funnet at den overcome. For example it has been found that the
naturlig forekommende oksydfilm på aluminium naturally occurring oxide film on aluminium
ikke er tilstrekkelig hydrofil til å skaffe en is not sufficiently hydrophilic to provide one
feilfri drift i en litografisk trykkpresse. Aluminium har tilbøyelighet til å bli svakt hydrofobt flawless operation in a lithographic printing press. Aluminum has a tendency to become slightly hydrophobic
eller oleofilt hvilket resulterer i en gradvis opp-bygning av sverte på de ikke trykkende områder. Dette fenomen kalles i dette fag «toning» or oleophilic which results in a gradual build-up of black on the non-pressure areas. This phenomenon is called in this field "toning"
eller «skumming». For å eliminere toning eller or "foaming". To eliminate toning or
skumming må der skaffes en egnet permanent hydrofil overflate som er forholdsvis uoppløselig. Aluminium er også kjent for å reagere med visse følsomme materialer slik som diazo-harpikser belagt på dette. foaming, a suitable permanent hydrophilic surface must be provided which is relatively insoluble. Aluminum is also known to react with certain sensitive materials such as diazo resins coated on it.
Det er tidligere blitt foreslått flere frem-gangsmåter for å gi en uoppløselig permanent hydrofil overflate på aluminium. Disse behandlinger omfatter «anodisering», belegging av overflaten med en hydrofil organisk polymer og et antall andre stoffer. F. eks. er det i fransk patent nr. 904 255 beskrevet en fremgangsmåte som består av en kjemisk eller elektrisk behandling som skaffer et porøst lag av en aluminiumfor-bindelse av oksygen, fluor eller fosfor. Dertil beskriver Clerc i «Ilford Manual of Process Work» 1946, side 237 behandling av en aluminiumplate med en oppløsning som inneholder fluorkiselsyre eller et fluorsilikat. Several methods have previously been proposed to provide an insoluble permanent hydrophilic surface on aluminium. These treatments include "anodizing", coating the surface with a hydrophilic organic polymer and a number of other substances. For example French patent no. 904 255 describes a method which consists of a chemical or electrical treatment which provides a porous layer of an aluminum compound of oxygen, fluorine or phosphorus. In addition, Clerc in "Ilford Manual of Process Work" 1946, page 237 describes the treatment of an aluminum sheet with a solution containing fluorosilicic acid or a fluorosilicate.
Disse behandlinger har imidlertid ikke vært tilfredsstillende ved fremstilling av et egnet hy-drofilbelegg på aluminium for å skaffe den nød-vendige sverte-vannforskj ell for en heldig drift i en litografisk presse. De ovennevnte behandlinger beskytter dessuten ikke tilstrekkelig diazo-beleggene fra aluminiumet således at platene ik-ke kan følsomgjøres på forhånd og lagres over lengere tidsperioder. However, these treatments have not been satisfactory in producing a suitable hydrophilic coating on aluminum to provide the necessary ink-water difference for successful operation in a lithographic press. The above-mentioned treatments also do not sufficiently protect the diazo coatings from the aluminum so that the plates cannot be sensitized in advance and stored over longer periods of time.
En fremgangsmåte til å skaffe en aluminiumplate som har et uoppløselig hydrofilt lag som også isolerer et diazo-lysfølsomt belegg fra alu-miniumunderlaget er å avsette et belegg på aluminiumet av et silikat inneholdende Si02 ra-dikalet. One method of obtaining an aluminum sheet which has an insoluble hydrophilic layer which also isolates a diazo light-sensitive coating from the aluminum substrate is to deposit a coating on the aluminum of a silicate containing the SiO2 radical.
En på forhånd følsomgjort aluminium litografisk plate som har et silikatlag har imidlertid begrenset trykklevetid og har også til-bøyelighet til en synkende reduksjon i følsom-het under lagring, særlig etter at platen har vært utsatt for atmosfæren særlig under be-tingelser med høy fuktighet eller varme eller en kombinasjon av disse. Det har derfor vært ønskelig å skaffe en plate som har større trykk - toleranse i pressen, lengere presslevetid og lengere lagringstid enn tidligere kjente plater. However, a pre-sensitized aluminum lithographic plate having a silicate layer has limited print life and is also prone to a decreasing reduction in sensitivity during storage, particularly after the plate has been exposed to the atmosphere particularly under conditions of high humidity or heat or a combination of these. It has therefore been desirable to obtain a plate that has greater pressure - tolerance in the press, longer press life and longer storage time than previously known plates.
Belegging av en aluminiumoverflate med silisiumoksyd eller lignende silikatunderlag krever en glatt aluminiumoverflate. Det er imidlertid vanligvis blitt funnet ved litografisk trykking at en kornet eller børstet overflate skaffer et bredere område for driftsbetingelser i pressen, særlig da en kornet plate krever mindre kritisk sverte-vannbalanse enn silikatbelagt glatt plate. Dessuten senker den mindre kritiske sverte-vannbalanse svertens tendens til å emulgere under .flerfarvetrykk, hvilket normalt resulterer i tap av bildeskarphet. Det har derfor også vært ønskelig å skaffe en følsomgjort aluminiums-plate som har kornet eller børstet overflate. Coating an aluminum surface with silicon oxide or a similar silicate substrate requires a smooth aluminum surface. However, it has generally been found in lithographic printing that a grained or brushed surface provides a wider range of press operating conditions, particularly as a grained plate requires less critical ink-water balance than a silicate coated smooth plate. Also, the less critical ink-water balance lowers the ink's tendency to emulsify during multi-color printing, which normally results in a loss of image sharpness. It has therefore also been desirable to obtain a sensitized aluminum plate which has a grained or brushed surface.
For å skaffe en uoppløselig hydrofil overflate eller overflatebelegg er det ønskelig å eliminere behovet for å anvende for høyere tem-peraturer og etterfølgende vasking under frem-gangsmåten. Disse trinn er vesentlige i mange av de kjente prosesser. Det er også ønskelig at behandlingsvæskene skal ha vandig medium hvilket eliminerer giftige eller ildsfarlige opp-løsningsmiddeldamper. In order to obtain an insoluble hydrophilic surface or surface coating, it is desirable to eliminate the need to use higher temperatures and subsequent washing during the process. These steps are essential in many of the known processes. It is also desirable that the treatment fluids should have an aqueous medium, which eliminates toxic or flammable solvent vapours.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det tilveiebragt en beleggblanding som ved påføring på metall eller plast eller annet materiale gir et uoppløselig, hydrofilt overflatebelegg for litografisk trykking, kjennetegnet ved at belegget består av en vandig blanding av et alkyl-titånat, og minst en oppløseliggj ørende forbindelse i surt medium. According to the present invention, a coating mixture is provided which, when applied to metal or plastic or other material, provides an insoluble, hydrophilic surface coating for lithographic printing, characterized in that the coating consists of an aqueous mixture of an alkyl titanate, and at least one solubilizing compound in acidic medium.
Den oppløseliggj ørende forbindelse omfatter minst en av de følgende forbindelser: fluorkiselsyre, hydrofluoryre, fluorborsyre, hydrogenperoksyd, og en blanding av hydrogenperoksyd og fosforsyre. Det benyttede alkyltitanat er fortrinnsvis et tetra-alkyl-titanat. The solubilizing compound comprises at least one of the following compounds: fluorosilicic acid, hydrofluoric acid, fluoroboric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and phosphoric acid. The alkyl titanate used is preferably a tetra-alkyl titanate.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det videre tilveiebragt en fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av en litografisk trykkplate som er forsynt med et strålingsfølsomt eller varmefølsomt belegg, kjennetegnet ved at trykkplaten før den på-føres det strålingsfølsomme belegg, påføres en vandig beleggblanding av den ovenfor angitte sammensetning. According to the present invention, a method is further provided for the production of a lithographic printing plate which is provided with a radiation-sensitive or heat-sensitive coating, characterized in that the printing plate, before it is applied with the radiation-sensitive coating, is applied with an aqueous coating mixture of the above-mentioned composition.
Den belagte plate kan deretter belegges med en lysføsom blanding slik at det dannes en for-følsomgjort litografisk plate. The coated plate can then be coated with a photosensitive mixture so that a pre-sensitized lithographic plate is formed.
Det er funnet at et uoppløselig hydrofilt overflatebelegg kan meddeles underlaget f. eks. en aluminiumplate ved behandling med den vandige oppløsning av det komplekse titansalt som er i stand til å reagere ved eller på overflaten av bæreren slik at det dannes et uoppløselig lag. It has been found that an insoluble hydrophilic surface coating can be imparted to the substrate, e.g. an aluminum plate by treatment with the aqueous solution of the complex titanium salt capable of reacting at or on the surface of the support to form an insoluble layer.
Beleggblandingen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse når den anvendes for å behandle en overflate som f. eks. av metall, papir eller en polymer, gjør overflaten hydrofil og egnet for bruk ved litografisk trykking. Beleggblandingen kleber seg til en hvilken som helst av forskjellige bærere omfattende metaller slik som aluminium, sink, kobber og lignende og polymere bærere slik som av polyestere, polyamider, poly-styrener og cellulose-estere slik at det skal skaffes et hydrofilt belegg som er i det vesentlige fri for vannoppløselige stoffer og til hvilket det kan klebes lysfølsomme belegg, trykksverte, ma-ling etc. The coating mixture according to the present invention when used to treat a surface such as e.g. of metal, paper or a polymer, makes the surface hydrophilic and suitable for use in lithographic printing. The coating composition adheres to any of various supports comprising metals such as aluminium, zinc, copper and the like and polymeric supports such as polyesters, polyamides, polystyrenes and cellulose esters to provide a hydrophilic coating which is in essentially free of water-soluble substances and to which light-sensitive coatings, printing inks, paint etc. can be adhered.
En egnet kilde for titan er en titanortoester slik som tetraalkyl-titanat. Skjønt det kan anvendes andre alkyltitanater er de foretrukne tetraalkyl-titanater slike som har alkylgrupper med 2 til 5 karbonatomer likesom tetraetyl-titanat, tetrapropyl-titanat, tetraisopropyl-titanat, etrabutyl-titanat, tetraisobutyl-titanat og tetraamyltitanat. A suitable source of titanium is a titanium orthoester such as tetraalkyl titanate. Although other alkyl titanates can be used, the preferred tetraalkyl titanates are those having alkyl groups with 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisobutyl titanate and tetraamyl titanate.
Den sure bestanddel som er nyttig for reaksjon med titanatet gir et vannoppløselig titankompleks i surt medium. Brukbare sure be-standdeler omfatter f. eks. fluorkiselsyre, hydro-fluorsyre, fosforsyre, fluorborsyre og salpeter-syre. The acidic component useful for reaction with the titanate gives a water-soluble titanium complex in an acidic medium. Usable acidic ingredients include e.g. fluorosilicic acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, fluoroboric acid and nitric acid.
Beleggblandingen tilberedes fortrinnsvis ved å sette alkyl-titanatet til den fortynnede vann-dige syre hvoretter alkyl-titanatet umiddelbart reagerer slik at det dannes vandig titandioksyd som deretter oppløses og/eller reagerer idet det dannes et såkalt «basisk titansalt». The coating mixture is preferably prepared by adding the alkyl titanate to the dilute aqueous acid, after which the alkyl titanate immediately reacts to form aqueous titanium dioxide which then dissolves and/or reacts to form a so-called "basic titanium salt".
Når fluorkiselsyre anvendes for å danne titanyl-silicofluorid er et brukbart molforhold mellom fluorkiselsyre og tetraalkyl-titanat fra 5 til 1 til 1 til 1 mol, skjønt det foretrukne mol-område er fra to til 1 til 1 til 1 mol. pH-verdien for beleggblandingene kan variere fra 1.0 til 5.0. When fluorosilicic acid is used to form titanyl silicofluoride, a useful molar ratio of fluorosilicic acid to tetraalkyl titanate is from 5 to 1 to 1 to 1 mole, although the preferred molar range is from two to 1 to 1 to 1 mole. The pH value of the coating mixtures can vary from 1.0 to 5.0.
Et brukbart molforhold mellom fluorborsyre A useful molar ratio of fluoroboric acid
og tetraalkyl-titanat er fra 7 til 1 til 2 til 1 mol. and tetraalkyl titanate is from 7 to 1 to 2 to 1 mol.
Når fosforsyre anvendes som den sure bestanddel inneholder beleggblandingen titanyl-peroksydfosfat. Alkyltitanatet settes til en fortynnet hydrogen-peroksydoppløsning. Når opp-løsningen er fullstendig kan fosforsyren tilsettes. I en foretrukket blanding anvendes 6.8 til 10.7 mol hydrogenperoksyd per mol alkyltitanat og 2.3 til 7 mol fosforsyre pr. mol alkyltitanat. Det vil innses at det volumetriske forhold kan varieres og at den mengde vann som anvendes ikke er kritisk forutsatt at den er tilstrekkelig til å skaffe oppløselighet. When phosphoric acid is used as the acidic component, the coating mixture contains titanyl peroxide phosphate. The alkyl titanate is added to a dilute hydrogen peroxide solution. When the solution is complete, the phosphoric acid can be added. In a preferred mixture, 6.8 to 10.7 mol hydrogen peroxide per mol alkyl titanate and 2.3 to 7 mol phosphoric acid per mol are used. moles of alkyl titanate. It will be appreciated that the volumetric ratio can be varied and that the amount of water used is not critical provided that it is sufficient to provide solubility.
En annen nyttig beleggblanding fåes ved å oppløse alkyltitanatet i hydrogenperoksyd slik at det dannes pertitansyre. Another useful coating mixture is obtained by dissolving the alkyl titanate in hydrogen peroxide so that pertitanic acid is formed.
Det kan anvendes forskjellige fremgangs-måter ved påføring av beleggblandingen på bæreren omfattende direkte påvalsing, neddypning, påstrykning, knivpåstrykning, vekepåstryk-ning, påsprøytning eller en hvilken som helst hensiktsmessig fremgangsmåte. Belegget kan være på en eller begge sider av bæreren etter ønske. Different methods can be used when applying the coating mixture to the support, including direct rolling, dipping, ironing, knife application, wick application, spraying or any suitable method. The coating can be on one or both sides of the carrier as desired.
Titankomplekslagets tykkelse når det er belagt på aluminium er vanskelig å bestemme på grunn av den ekstremt lille tykkelse. Tykkelsen er sannsynligvis i området for tykkelsen av det naturlig forekommende oksyd. The thickness of the titanium complex layer when coated on aluminum is difficult to determine due to its extremely small thickness. The thickness is probably in the range of the thickness of the naturally occurring oxide.
Tørking går temmelig fort men ved pro-duksjon kan anvendes tørkeanordninger om dette er ønskelig slik som varmluft eller infra-røde lamper. Drying is fairly quick, but during production drying devices can be used if this is desired, such as hot air or infrared lamps.
Det lys-følsomme belegg kan være et egnet stabilisert vannoppløselig harpiks inneholdende diazoniumgruppen som ved eksponering like overfor ultrafiolett lys danner en oleofil overflate eller bilde. The light-sensitive coating may be a suitable stabilized water-soluble resin containing the diazonium group which, when exposed directly to ultraviolet light, forms an oleophilic surface or image.
Det lys-følsomme belegg kan være av den generell formel The light-sensitive coating may be of the general formula
hvori M er et to- eller tre-verdig metall som er kjent for å stabilisere diazoniumgruppen, f. eks. kadmium, sink, vismut, arsen, antimon, tinn, jern, platina eller kvikksølv. wherein M is a di- or trivalent metal known to stabilize the diazonium group, e.g. cadmium, zinc, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, tin, iron, platinum or mercury.
t| er 2 eller 3, X er et anion eller en blanding av anioner og kan være halogenid eller sulfat. t| is 2 or 3, X is an anion or a mixture of anions and may be halide or sulfate.
Z kan være en fenyl eller substituert fenyl-gruppe hvor i dette tilfelle er harpiksen et aldehyd kondensasjonsprodukt av et paradiazo-difenylaminsalt og i dette tilfelle er Y hydrogen. Z og Y kan også hver være et organisk radikal som funksjonelt er i stand til å gåinniaddisjons-polymerisasjon, polyforestring, kondensasjon eller annen reaksjon som kan gi en harpiks med forholdsvis lav molekylarvekt eller i stand til å reagere med en forformet polymer. Z og Y kan i dette tilfelle være de samme eller forskjellige idet utgangs-diazoforbindelsen er en substituert paradiazoanilin. Z can be a phenyl or substituted phenyl group where in this case the resin is an aldehyde condensation product of a paradiazo-diphenylamine salt and in this case Y is hydrogen. Z and Y may also each be an organic radical functionally capable of undergoing addition polymerization, polyesterification, condensation, or other reaction capable of producing a relatively low molecular weight resin or capable of reacting with a preformed polymer. Z and Y can in this case be the same or different, the starting diazo compound being a substituted paradiazoaniline.
Noen eksempler på reaktive grupper er hydroksyl som i N-etyl, -N-((3-hydroksyetyl)-anilino, 4-diazosalter i stand til å reagere med polymeriserbare grupper slik som akryloyl og metakryloyl. Some examples of reactive groups are hydroxyl as in N-ethyl, -N-((3-hydroxyethyl)-anilino, 4-diazo salts capable of reacting with polymerizable groups such as acryloyl and methacryloyl.
Anbringelsen av forskjellige grupper ved anilinnitrogenet kan resultere i fremstilling av polyestre, polyetre, polyuretaner, polyasetaler, polykarbonater osv., ved direkte polymerisasjon eller kondensasjon med funksjonelt riktige på forhånd dannede polymerer. The placement of various groups at the aniline nitrogen can result in the preparation of polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, polyacetals, polycarbonates, etc., by direct polymerization or condensation with functionally correct preformed polymers.
Ved en utførelse av foreliggende oppfinnelse består det lys-følsomme belegg av et aldehyd kondensasjonsprodukt av en paradiazo-difenyl-amin. Lys-følsomme aldehyd kondensasjonsprodukter av paradiazo-difenyl-amin stabilisert med metallsalter er vel kjent på dette område. Slike harpikser er også tilgjengelige kommersielt f. eks. «Diazo Resin No. 4». Dette stoff er beskrevet som et diazonium-sulfat-sink-klorid-dobbeltsalt. Som angitt ovenfor ville denne harpiks reagere med aluminium i fravær av behandling av aluminium ved hjelp av beleggblandingen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. In one embodiment of the present invention, the light-sensitive coating consists of an aldehyde condensation product of a paradiazo-diphenylamine. Light-sensitive aldehyde condensation products of paradiazo-diphenyl-amine stabilized with metal salts are well known in this field. Such resins are also available commercially, e.g. "Diazo Resin No. 4". This substance is described as a diazonium sulfate zinc chloride double salt. As indicated above, this resin would react with aluminum in the absence of treatment of aluminum with the coating composition of the present invention.
Den på forhånd følsomgjorte kornede alu-miniumtrykkplate fremstillet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan håndteres og behandles på van-lig måte. Etter eksponering fjernes de ueksponerte områder og platen lakkeres hvoretter platen kan anvendes i en litografisk trykkpresse. The previously sensitized grained aluminum printing plate produced according to the present invention can be handled and processed in the usual way. After exposure, the unexposed areas are removed and the plate is lacquered, after which the plate can be used in a lithographic printing press.
Det følsomme lag for den litografiske plate kan eksponeres like overfor synlig lys, ultrafiolett lys, infrarødt lys, røntgenstråler eller var-memønstre for å danne forskjellige områder for trykning. Det er mulig å anvende lys-følsomme organiske forbindelser likesom alifatiske og aro-matiske estere, hydrazider og amider av nafto-kinondiazid-sulfater, cinnamalmalonsyre, deres substitusjonsprodukter og funksjonelle derivater, diazoniumsalter av amino-dlfenylaminer og deres kondensasjonsprodukter med formaldehyd, orto- og paraquinone-diazider av bensaler, an-trasener og heterosykliske systemer, f. eks. quino-line, indazoler, bensimidazoler, difenyloksyder, også diazokatoner, umettede ketoner, orto- og para-iminoquinone-diazider, derivater av alkyl-nitronaftalinsulfonater, nitroaldehyder, asenaf-ten, stilben, asider og diazider og høymolekylare polymere diazo-harpikser. Det kan også anvendes fotografiske sølvhalogenid emulsjoner. Videre kan den belagte plate belegges over med et fotoledende lag som har høy elektrisk mot-standsevne og som lades og deretter utlades ved hjelp av lys eller varme slik som ved elektrofo-tografi f. eks. organiske fotoledere med lav eller høy molekylarvekt og også blandinger av disse med harpikser. Særlig egnet som fotoledere er oxadiazoler, imidazoloner, triazol, oxazol, tria-zoler, hydrazoner, triaziner, polyvinyl-karbazol og polyvinyl-oxazoler. The sensitive layer of the lithographic plate can be exposed equally to visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-rays or heat patterns to form different areas for printing. It is possible to use light-sensitive organic compounds such as aliphatic and aromatic esters, hydrazides and amides of naphthoquinone diazide sulphates, cinnammalonic acid, their substitution products and functional derivatives, diazonium salts of amino-dlphenylamines and their condensation products with formaldehyde, ortho- and paraquinone diazides of benzales, anthracenes and heterocyclic systems, e.g. quino-line, indazoles, benzimidazoles, diphenyl oxides, also diazo ketones, unsaturated ketones, ortho- and para-iminoquinone diazides, derivatives of alkyl nitronaphthalene sulfonates, nitroaldehydes, acenaphthene, stilbene, azides and diazides and high molecular weight polymeric diazo resins. Photographic silver halide emulsions can also be used. Furthermore, the coated plate can be coated over with a photoconductive layer which has a high electrical resistance and which is charged and then discharged with the aid of light or heat such as in electrophotography, e.g. organic photoconductors of low or high molecular weight and also mixtures of these with resins. Particularly suitable as photoconductors are oxadiazoles, imidazolones, triazole, oxazole, triazoles, hydrazones, triazines, polyvinylcarbazole and polyvinyloxazoles.
Nyttige harpikser inneholder alkali oppløse-liggj ørende grupper slik som syreanhydrid, kar-bonsyre, sulfonsyre, sulfonamid eller sulfonimid-grupper, f. eks. polyvinylpolymerer eller bland-ede vinyl-polymerer, phtalsyre-ester-harpikser, alkyl-harpikser, harpikser og polyakrylsyre-harpikser. Useful resins contain alkali solubilizing groups such as acid anhydride, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfonamide or sulfonimide groups, e.g. polyvinyl polymers or mixed vinyl polymers, phthalic acid ester resins, alkyl resins, resins and polyacrylic acid resins.
De litografiske plater ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse karakteriseres videre ved at de har god adhesjon og gir god fjernelse av ueksponerte områder således at de kan gi et stort antall kopier. The lithographic plates according to the present invention are further characterized in that they have good adhesion and provide good removal of unexposed areas so that they can produce a large number of copies.
Følgende eksempler illustrerer foreliggende oppfinnelse. The following examples illustrate the present invention.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
Titanyl-silikofluorid. Titanyl silicofluoride.
Et ark av børstet aluminium med en tykkelse på 0,125 mm neddyppes i en oppløsning av titankompleks fremstillet ved kraftig omrø-ring av en oppløsning av 750 milliliter destillert vann i 50 milliliter 31,9 pst. fluorkiselsyre mens det hurtig tilsettes en fin strøm av 10 milliliter tetraisopropyltitanat. Aluminiumet sendes deretter mellom to mekanisk drevne gummivalser med en diameter på 19 mm under tilstrekkelig trykk til å fjerne overskuddsoppløsning. Det fåes således en meget tynn film av oppløsning hvilken tørker hurtig ved romtemperatur. Lignende belegg kan fåes på andre underlag omfattende polymere materialer, papir og metall. A sheet of brushed aluminum with a thickness of 0.125 mm is immersed in a solution of titanium complex prepared by vigorous stirring of a solution of 750 milliliters of distilled water in 50 milliliters of 31.9 percent hydrosilicic acid while rapidly adding a fine stream of 10 milliliters tetraisopropyl titanate. The aluminum is then passed between two mechanically driven rubber rollers with a diameter of 19 mm under sufficient pressure to remove excess solution. A very thin film of solution is thus obtained which dries quickly at room temperature. Similar coatings can be obtained on other substrates including polymeric materials, paper and metal.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
Titanyl-peroxy-fosfat. Titanyl Peroxy Phosphate.
740 milliliter vann tilsettes 10 milliliter (18,3 gram) 85 pst. fosforsyre (0,1588 mol) og 30 milliliter (33 gram) 28 pst. hydrogenperoksyd (0,262 mol). Under god omrøring tilsettes deretter 10 milliliter (9,55 gram) tetraisopropyl-titanat (0,0336 mol). Resultatet er en oransjegul oppløs-ning som er ferdig for belegging. Denne oppløs-ning belegges som i eksempel 1 og gir et tynt belegg på overflaten av et underlag slik som kornet aluminium. 740 milliliters of water are added to 10 milliliters (18.3 grams) of 85 percent phosphoric acid (0.1588 mol) and 30 milliliters (33 grams) of 28 percent hydrogen peroxide (0.262 mol). With good stirring, 10 milliliters (9.55 grams) of tetraisopropyl titanate (0.0336 mol) are then added. The result is an orange-yellow solution that is ready for coating. This solution is coated as in example 1 and produces a thin coating on the surface of a substrate such as grained aluminium.
Eksempel 3. Example 3.
Titanyl-fluorborat. Titanyl fluoroborate.
750 milliliter vann tilsettes 14,7 gram (0,0672 mol) av en 40 pst.-ig fluorborsyre med tilstrekkelig omrøring for blanding. Denne oppløsning er tilsatt under god omrøring 10,0 milliliter (9,55 gram, 0,0336 mol) tetraisopropyltitanat. Orto-esteren hydrolyseres umiddelbart og danner et hvitt bunnfall som gradvis oppløses igjen og danner en klar oppløsning. Denne oppløsning belegges deretter på et kornet aluminiumark, tørkes og kan følsomgjøres med en fortynnet vandig oppløsning av diazoharpiks fremstillet som beskrevet i eksempel 5. Etter eksponering og behandling som eksempel 6 gir titanyl-fluorborat-oppløsningen en egnet hydrofil trykkflate. Lignende belegg kan fremstilles på andre underlag som beskrevet i eksempel 1. 750 milliliters of water are added to 14.7 grams (0.0672 mol) of a 40 percent hydroboric acid with sufficient stirring for mixing. 10.0 milliliters (9.55 grams, 0.0336 mol) of tetraisopropyl titanate is added to this solution with good stirring. The ortho-ester hydrolyses immediately and forms a white precipitate which gradually dissolves again to form a clear solution. This solution is then coated on a grainy aluminum sheet, dried and can be sensitized with a dilute aqueous solution of diazo resin prepared as described in Example 5. After exposure and treatment as in Example 6, the titanyl fluoroborate solution provides a suitable hydrophilic printing surface. Similar coatings can be produced on other substrates as described in example 1.
Eksempel 4. Example 4.
Pertitansyre. Pertitanic acid.
Tetraisopropyl-titanat settes til en fortynnet vandig oppløsning av hydrogen-peroksyd på samme måte som foregående eksempel. Det hvite hydrolyse-produkt blir fort gult og oppløses gradvis og gir en klar gul oppløsning. En særlig nyttig blanding for anvendelse som i eksempel 1 inneholder 0,045 mol pr. liter titan og 0,307 mol pr. liter hydrogen-peroksyd. Den hydrofile ka-rakter for den erholdte overflate forsterkes ved tørking ved forhøyet temperatur. Lignende belegg fremstilles på andre underlag som nevnt i eksempel 1. Tetraisopropyl titanate is added to a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in the same way as the previous example. The white hydrolysis product quickly turns yellow and gradually dissolves to give a clear yellow solution. A particularly useful mixture for use which in example 1 contains 0.045 mol per liter of titanium and 0.307 mol per liters of hydrogen peroxide. The hydrophilic character of the surface obtained is enhanced by drying at an elevated temperature. Similar coatings are produced on other substrates as mentioned in example 1.
Eksempel 5. Example 5.
Diazo-harpiks. Diazo resin.
En diazo-harpiks fremstilles ved å blande 34 gram paradiazo-difenyl-amin-sulfat-sink- ; klorid dobbeltsalt med 135 gram konsentrert svovelsyre som er avkjølt til en temperatur på —10° C. Blandingen omrøres mens temperaturen hol-des lavere enn 3°C mens det tilsettes 3,25 gram 1 paraformaldehyd og 6,05 gram vannfri kadmiumklorid. Viskositeten øker over en periode på omtrent en halv time og blandingen blir homo-gen. Blandingen blir deretter helt over 150 gram is og omrøres inntil isen smelter og det gule bunnfall filtreres og oppløses påny i vann og ut-felles påny i to liter isopropyl-alkohol, og filtreres og tørkes under vakuum i mørke. Det fåes 28 gram stabilisert diazo-harpiks. A diazo resin is prepared by mixing 34 grams of paradiazo-diphenyl-amine-sulphate-zinc- ; chloride double salt with 135 grams of concentrated sulfuric acid which has been cooled to a temperature of -10° C. The mixture is stirred while the temperature is kept lower than 3° C while 3.25 grams of 1 paraformaldehyde and 6.05 grams of anhydrous cadmium chloride are added. The viscosity increases over a period of about half an hour and the mixture becomes homogeneous. The mixture is then poured over 150 grams of ice and stirred until the ice melts and the yellow precipitate is filtered and re-dissolved in water and re-precipitated in two liters of isopropyl alcohol, and filtered and dried under vacuum in the dark. 28 grams of stabilized diazo resin are obtained.
Eksempel 6. Example 6.
En behandlet, kornet aluminiumbærer fremstillet som beskrevet i eksempel 1 eller 2 gjøres følsom ved neddypning i en 2 pst. vandig opp-løsning av diazoharpiksen ifølge eksempel 5, idet det sendes mellom to gummivalser for å fjerne overskuddet og tørkes. Eksponert ved omtrent 60 cm gjennom et negativ med en høy intensi-tet 220 volts karbonlysbue i en «NuArc Printer» herdes de eksponerte deler. A treated, granular aluminum carrier produced as described in example 1 or 2 is sensitized by immersion in a 2% aqueous solution of the diazo resin according to example 5, passing between two rubber rollers to remove the excess and drying. Exposed at approximately 60 cm through a negative with a high intensity 220 volt carbon arc in a "NuArc Printer" the exposed parts are cured.
Ueksponerte deler av diazo-harpiksen fjernes ved vasking med vann. Bildet blir deretter lakkert med kommersielt tilgjengelig billedlakk. Unexposed parts of the diazo resin are removed by washing with water. The image is then varnished with commercially available image varnish.
Platen blir deretter anbragt i en litografisk trykkpresse og vil gi 90 000 tilfredsstillende kopier. Forfølsomgjorte plater fremstillet ifølge dette eksempel er funnet å ha en lagringstid på mere enn to år. The plate is then placed in a lithographic printing press and will produce 90,000 satisfactory copies. Sensitized plates prepared according to this example have been found to have a shelf life of more than two years.
Eksempel 7. Example 7.
Diazo-harpiks følsomgjører. Diazo resin sensitizer.
Et 800 milliliters beger forsynt med en mekanisk drevet propeller og en utvendig kjøling tilsettes 540 gram (5,35 mol) 96 pst.-ig svovelsyre etterfulgt av porsjonsvis tilsetning av 138 gram (0,377 mol) «Senaitizer DP» (paradiazo-difenyl-amin sulfat-sink-klorid dobbeltsalt) under omrøring ved 25 til 35°C inntil oppløsningen er fullstendig. Blandingen blir deretter avkjølt og holdt ved 0°C under gradvis tilsetning av 100 milliliter (0,592 mol) 40 pst.-ig fluorborsyre etterfulgt av tilsetning av 13,0 gram (0,432 mol) paraformaldehyd under kraftig omrøring for å skaffe hurtig og ensartet dispersjon av paraformaldehyd. Det tilsettes deretter 100 millili-liter (0,592 40 pst.-ig fluorborsyre. Den dannede blanding har nu en dyp rød farve mens opp-løsningen før den opprinnelige tilsetning av fluorborsyren var brunaktig. Reaksjonsblandin-gen omrøres, beholdes ved 0°C i et tidsrom av 1 time, 10 minutter hvoretter den helles under god omrøring i 800 gram is inneholdende 220 milliliter (1,24 mol) 4 pst. fluorborsyre. Det dannede bunnfall filtreres så og oppsamles. Den fuktige kake blir deretter oppløst i 700 milliliter iimetylformamid og filtrert pånytt. Det klare filtrat blir deretter omrørt under tilsetning av 220 gram (,695 mol) kadmiumklorid (CdCL,. 2-l/2H,0) oppløst i 250 milliliter vann. Det såle-ies dannede bunnfall filtreres og oppsamles. Den fuktige kake blir deretter tilsatt 2 liter isopro-jylalkohol og omrørt kraftig for å gi en liten msartet partikkelstørrelse som frafiltreres og )ppsamles og oppslemmes på ny på samme måte ;om ovenfor i en liter dietyleter. Oppslemningen jlir deretter filtrert og oppsamlet og tørket un- An 800 milliliter beaker equipped with a mechanically driven propeller and external cooling is added to 540 grams (5.35 mol) of 96% sulfuric acid followed by the portionwise addition of 138 grams (0.377 mol) "Senaitizer DP" (paradiazo-diphenyl-amine sulfate-zinc-chloride double salt) with stirring at 25 to 35°C until dissolution is complete. The mixture is then cooled and maintained at 0°C during the gradual addition of 100 milliliters (0.592 mol) of 40% hydrofluoric acid followed by the addition of 13.0 grams (0.432 mol) of paraformaldehyde with vigorous stirring to obtain a rapid and uniform dispersion of paraformaldehyde. 100 milliliters (0.592 40% fluoroboric acid) are then added. The resulting mixture now has a deep red color, whereas the solution before the original addition of the fluoroboric acid was brownish. The reaction mixture is stirred, kept at 0°C in a period of 1 hour, 10 minutes, after which it is poured with good stirring into 800 grams of ice containing 220 milliliters (1.24 moles) of 4 percent hydrofluoric acid. The precipitate formed is then filtered and collected. The moist cake is then dissolved in 700 milliliters of dimethylformamide and filtered again. The clear filtrate is then stirred while adding 220 grams (.695 mol) of cadmium chloride (CdCl,. 2-l/2H,0) dissolved in 250 milliliters of water. The precipitate formed on the sole ice is filtered and collected. The moist cake is then added to 2 liters of isopropyl alcohol and stirred vigorously to give a small uniform particle size which is filtered off and collected and resuspended in the same manner as above in one liter of diethyl ether. The slurry is then filtered and collected and dried un-
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO16987267A NO124113B (en) | 1964-02-27 | 1967-09-26 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US347931A US3342601A (en) | 1964-02-27 | 1964-02-27 | Lithographic printing plate |
US648036A US3417055A (en) | 1964-02-27 | 1967-06-22 | Process for preparation and separation of light sensitive stabilized diazo resins |
US658559A US3419406A (en) | 1964-02-27 | 1967-08-04 | Coating compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO115071B true NO115071B (en) | 1968-07-15 |
Family
ID=27407805
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO156951A NO115071B (en) | 1964-02-27 | 1965-02-26 |
Country Status (9)
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US (2) | US3417055A (en) |
BE (1) | BE660255A (en) |
CH (1) | CH435335A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1299661B (en) |
DK (1) | DK124245B (en) |
GB (2) | GB1108560A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6502350A (en) |
NO (1) | NO115071B (en) |
SE (2) | SE315909B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4977830A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1990-12-18 | Rockwell International Corporation | Hydrophobic and oleophilic microporous inking rollers |
DE69029104T2 (en) | 1989-07-12 | 1997-03-20 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Polysiloxanes and positive working resist |
GB9003079D0 (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1990-04-11 | Alcan Int Ltd | Lithographic plates |
GB2350841B (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2001-12-19 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Inorganic film-forming coating composition, preparation method therof and inorganic film-forming method |
JP4469927B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2010-06-02 | Dic株式会社 | Photosensitive composition, lithographic printing plate precursor and image forming method using the same |
KR100510281B1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2005-08-30 | 간사이 페인트 가부시키가이샤 | Coating material for forming titanium oxide film, method for forming titanium oxide film and use of said coating material |
JP2002341536A (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-11-27 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Japan Ltd | Negative photosensitive composition and negative photosensitive planographic printing plate |
KR100573436B1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2006-04-26 | 간사이 페인트 가부시키가이샤 | Coating compound for forming titanium oxide film, method for forming titanium oxide film and metal substrate coated with titanium oxide film |
JP4250490B2 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2009-04-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Aluminum alloy base plate for planographic printing plate and support for planographic printing plate |
JP4410714B2 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2010-02-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Method for producing support for lithographic printing plate |
DE602006001142D1 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2008-06-26 | Fujifilm Corp | Method for producing a planographic printing plate support |
JP2009208140A (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-17 | Fujifilm Corp | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy sheet for planographic printing plate, aluminum alloy sheet for planographic printing plate and support for planographic printing plate manufactured by the method |
EP2110261B1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2018-03-28 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Aluminum alloy plate for lithographic printing plate, ligthographic printing plate support, presensitized plate, method of manufacturing aluminum alloy plate for lithographic printing plate and method of manufacturing lithographic printing plate support |
JP5296434B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2013-09-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Master for lithographic printing plate |
EP2481603A4 (en) | 2009-09-24 | 2015-11-18 | Fujifilm Corp | Lithographic printing original plate |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US2679498A (en) * | 1954-05-25 | Atent office | ||
US2118916A (en) * | 1933-10-14 | 1938-05-31 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Titanium-containing pigments |
BE540601A (en) * | 1950-12-06 | |||
US3028297A (en) * | 1956-06-15 | 1962-04-03 | Linden Lab Inc | Orthotitanic compound used in method for improving wet strength of paper and resulting paper |
US3002854A (en) * | 1957-04-12 | 1961-10-03 | Du Pont | Treatment with titanium organic compositions |
US3159613A (en) * | 1960-12-27 | 1964-12-01 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Preparation of crystalline poly |
NL273555A (en) * | 1961-01-25 | |||
BE621176A (en) * | 1961-08-07 | |||
NL136528C (en) * | 1962-04-03 |
-
1965
- 1965-02-19 DE DEE28725A patent/DE1299661B/en active Pending
- 1965-02-25 NL NL6502350A patent/NL6502350A/xx unknown
- 1965-02-25 BE BE660255A patent/BE660255A/xx unknown
- 1965-02-26 SE SE2495/65A patent/SE315909B/xx unknown
- 1965-02-26 GB GB38572/67A patent/GB1108560A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-02-26 NO NO156951A patent/NO115071B/no unknown
- 1965-02-26 CH CH267065A patent/CH435335A/en unknown
- 1965-02-26 DK DK103065AA patent/DK124245B/en unknown
- 1965-02-26 GB GB8295/65A patent/GB1108559A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-06-22 US US648036A patent/US3417055A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-08-04 US US658559A patent/US3419406A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-06-26 SE SE8622/68A patent/SE320385B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE660255A (en) | 1965-06-16 |
GB1108559A (en) | 1968-04-03 |
NL6502350A (en) | 1965-08-30 |
DK124245B (en) | 1972-10-02 |
CH435335A (en) | 1967-05-15 |
GB1108560A (en) | 1968-04-03 |
US3417055A (en) | 1968-12-17 |
SE315909B (en) | 1969-10-13 |
DE1299661B (en) | 1969-07-24 |
SE320385B (en) | 1970-02-09 |
US3419406A (en) | 1968-12-31 |
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