NL2029942B1 - Feed composition, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed composition, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- NL2029942B1 NL2029942B1 NL2029942A NL2029942A NL2029942B1 NL 2029942 B1 NL2029942 B1 NL 2029942B1 NL 2029942 A NL2029942 A NL 2029942A NL 2029942 A NL2029942 A NL 2029942A NL 2029942 B1 NL2029942 B1 NL 2029942B1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000213948 Astragalus sinicus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000080767 Areca catechu Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000006226 Areca catechu Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 244000001632 Acorus gramineus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013073 Acorus gramineus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000276569 Oryzias latipes Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 abstract description 41
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000209495 Acorus Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241001290088 Procypris mera Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-VIFPVBQESA-N Allicin Natural products C=CCS[S@](=O)CC=C JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N allicin Chemical compound C=CCSS(=O)CC=C JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010081 allicin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009317 small scale farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed are a feed composition, a method for preparing the feed composition and 5 application thereof, which belong to that technical field of feed. The raw materials of the feed composition include Astragalus sinicus, rice straw, tofu slag, microbial preparation, porous zeolite, Acorus gram/neus, Herba an‘emisiae annuae, betel nut, garlic and Fructus foenicu/i; the steps for preparing comprising: weighing Acorus gram/neus, Herba an‘emisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foenicu/i, performing pulverizing and sieving, then soaking the materials and decocting to 10 obtain medicinal liquid; weighing and crushing garlic, adding with water and extracting to obtain garlic juice; mixing that medicinal liquid of the composition with garlic juice, and then adding porous zeolite for adsorption; weighing and crushing Astraga/us sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag and microbial preparation, fermenting, and mixing the obtained fermentation product with porous zeolite adsorbed with traditional Chinese medicine composition to obtain the feed 15 composition. The feed composition of the present disclosure can be used as both aquatic feed and rice fertilizer in the integrated rice - fishery farming system, which can effectively improve the survival rate of small - size fish fry and increase the yield of both rice and fish.
Description
Feed composition, preparation method and application thereof
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of feed, and particularly relates to a feed composition, a preparation method and application thereof.
Fish cultivation in rice fields is an integrated method for rice - fishery farming firstly developed in rural and mountainous areas characterized mainly by small - scale farming on a farmer - by - farmer basis. However, as the economy develops rapidly and the living standard of the people improves, producers’ requirements for land unit output as well as food quality continue to increase, which justify the expanding of integrated rice - fishery farming and improvement of output requirements; nevertheless, problems have emerged in the process of expanding the scale and pursuing higher production. Though rice and aquatic animals benefit each other on a certain degree, there is still some adverse effects, i.e., to increase the yield of rice, certain amount of chemical fertilizers or other fertilizers need to be applied, some ammonia and nitrogen are thereby released into the water, while aquatic animals cannot tolerate high concentrations of ammonia and nitrogen. Therefore, it is important and necessary to develop a material that can simultaneously increase the yield of rice and the yield of farm animals in an integrated rice - fishery system.
In the case of conventional fish farming, fry of 3 - 5 cm in length may be placed directly. Such method is cost - effective while ensuring rather high survival rate of fry; as for integrated rice - fishery farming, since the integrated culture environment, having many kinds of microorganisms existed, is much more complicated than that in the simple fish culture pond, it is difficult for fry bearing poor resistance to survive in this complex environment, to ensure a good yield, it is necessary to place large - size fry with a length of 10 cm or more and increase the released quantity, which undoubtedly raises the cost.
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a feed composition and its preparation method and application.
To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure provides the following technical scheme:
The disclosure provides a feed composition, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 30 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 40 - 50 parts of rice straw, 20 - 30 parts of tofu slag, 2 - 5 parts of microbial preparation, 10 - 15 parts of porous zeolite, 2 - 5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 5 - 8 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 3 - 5 parts of betel nut, 5 - 8 parts of garlic and 3 - 5 parts of Fructus foenicull.
Preferably, the microbial preparation is composed of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis according to the weight ratio of 1:1.
Preferably, the number of beneficial viable bacteria in Trichoderma is 22*107 cfu/g, and the number of beneficial viable bacteria in Bacillus subtilis is = 3*107 cfu/g.
The disclosure also provides a method for preparing the feed composition, which comprises the following steps: weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, performing pulverizing and sieving, adding water to soak the sieved powdery composition, then decocting and performing filter to obtain medicinal liquid; weighing and crushing garlic, extracting the crushed garlic with water, and performing filter to obtain garlic juice; mixing the medicinal liquid with garlic juice, then adding the pulverized porous zeolite into the mixture to obtain the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition; weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, mixing the crushed material with tofu slag and microbial preparation, performing fermentation, and mixing the obtained fermented product with that porous zeolite loaded with traditional Chinese medicine composition to obtain the feed composition.
Preferably, the amount of water added in the powdery composition is 3 - 5 times of the weight of the powdery composition, and the soaking duration is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the decoction is to boil with strong fire at first, and then decoct with slow fire for 3 -5h.
Preferably, the amount of water added after the garlic is crushed is 10 - 15 times the weight of garlic.
Preferably, the porous zeolite is crushed and sieved by a 40 - 50 mesh sieve.
Preferably, the fermentation duration is 20 - 25 days.
The disclosure further provides an application of the feed composition in integrated rice - fishery farming.
Compared with the prior art, the disclosure has the following beneficial effects: in the present disclosure, the resistance of aquatic animals can be effectively improved by adding multiple Chinese herbs to the feed composition, thus reducing the size and quantity requirements for the fry placed in the integrated rice - fishery farming system, making it possible to ensure a high survival rate even when a small number of small - size fry are placed directly, thus reducing costs; in the present disclosure, a feed composition for aquatic animals is provided through reasonable proportioning types and amounts of raw material. Integrated rice - fishery farming system adopting this feed composition can have a significantly improved output of aquatic animals; further, integrated rice - fishery farming system applied with this feed composition as fertilizer is free from the problem of decreasing output of aquatic animals due to the application of chemical fertilizers, the problem of poor aquatic animal production caused by the application of chemical fertilizers to improve rice production in integrated rice - fishery farming is thus effectively solved, and the economic benefits of integrated rice - fishery farming are improved accordingly.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail hereinafter, which should not be considered as a limitation of the present disclosure, but rather a more detailed description of some aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the terms used in this disclosure are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the disclosure.
Further, it is to be understood that the range of values in the present disclosure also specifically discloses each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range.
Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value within a stated range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the scope.
Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by the ordinary technicians in the field of this disclosure.
Although the present disclosure only describes the preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated documents, the contents of this specification shall prevail.
Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure. Other embodiments obtained from the description of the present disclosure will be obvious to the skilled person. The description and embodiments of that present disclosure are exemplary only.
The words "including", "comprising", "having" and "containing" used in this disclosure are all open terms, that is, they mean including but not limited to.
In the following embodiments, the number of beneficial viable bacteria in Trichoderma is = 2*107 cfu/g, and that in Bacillus subtilis is = 3*107 cfu/g. The Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis are commercially available products, wherein the Trichoderma is Trichoderma harzianum purchased from Shandong Changtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the Bacillus subtilis is purchased from
Jinan Shuangneng Chemical Co., Ltd.
The following descriptions will not be repeated.
Embodiment 1
The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 45 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of tofu slag, 1.5 parts of
Trichoderma, 1.5 parts of Bacillus sublilis, 12 parts of porous zeolite, 3.5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 6.5 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 4 parts of betel nut, 6.5 parts of garlic and 4 parts of Fructus foeniculi.
The steps for preparing are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 4 times water of its weight for 1.5 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 4 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 12 times water of its weight to extract for 6 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice; (3) crushing the porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through a 50 mesh sieve, mixing the medicinal solution of the composition obtained from step (1) with the garlic juice obtained from step (2), after which the crushed porous zeolite is added to fully adsorb the mixture, followed by natural drying and sintering at 200°C for 1.5 h to obtain the porous zeolite loaded with the Chinese medicine composition; (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 25 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition.
Embodiment 2
The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 40 parts of rice straw, 20 parts of tofu slag, 1 part of
Trichoderma, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of porous zeolite, 2 parts of Acorus gramineus, 5 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 3 parts of betel nut, 5 parts of garlic and 3 parts of Fructus foenicufi.
The preparation steps are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 3 times water of its weight for 2 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 3 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 10 times water of its weight to extract for 8 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice;
(3) crushing the porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through a 40 mesh sieve, mixing the medicinal solution of the composition obtained from step (1) with the garlic juice obtained from step (2), after which the crushed porous zeolite is added to fully adsorb the mixture, followed by natural drying and sintering at 150°C for 1.5 h to obtain the 5 porous zeolite loaded with the Chinese medicine composition; (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 20 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition.
Embodiment 3
The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 50 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of tofu slag, 2.5 parts of
Trichoderma, 2.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of porous zeolite, 5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 8 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 5 parts of betel nut, 8 parts of garlic and 5 parts of Fructus foeniculi.
The steps for preparing are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 5 times water of its weight for 1 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 5 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 15 times water of its weight to extract for 5 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice; (3) crushing the porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through a 50 mesh sieve, mixing the medicinal solution of the composition obtained from step (1) with the garlic juice obtained from step (2), after which the crushed porous zeolite is added to fully adsorb the mixture, followed by natural drying and sintering at 250°C for 1 h to obtain the porous zeolite loaded with the Chinese medicine composition; (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 23 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition.
Embodiment 4
Same as Embodiment 1, except that the porous zeolites are selected in three pore size ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 nm, 0.5 to 0.8 nm, and 0.8 to 1.2 nm, which are composed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the total mass is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Same as Embodiment 1, except that the garlic juice prepared in step (2) is divided into 2 equal parts, wherein one part is added into step (3) and the other part is added into step (4) to ferment with other ingredients.
Comparative embodiment 1
Same as Embodiment 1, except that Fructus foeniculi is not contained in the raw material.
Comparative embodiment 2
The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 45 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of tofu slag, 1.5 parts of
Trichoderma, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 3.5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 6.5 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 4 parts of betel nut, 6.5 parts of garlic and 4 parts of Fructus foeniculi.
The steps for preparing are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 4 times water of its weight for 1.5 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 4 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 12 times water of its weight to extract for 6 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice; (3) mixing the composition liquid obtained in step (1) with the garlic juice prepared in step (2) to obtain the Chinese medicine composition. (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 25 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition.
Comparative embodiment 3
The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 45 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of tofu slag, 1.5 parts of
Trichoderma, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 12 parts of porous zeolite.
The steps for preparing are as follows:
crushing porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through 50 mesh sieve, sintering it at 200°C for 1.5 h; weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing them evenly, fermenting them naturally for 25 days, then mixing the fermentation products with the sintered porous zeolite, that is, the feed composition.
The feed compositions prepared in Embodiments 1 - 5 and Comparative embodiments 1 - 3 are applied in the integrated rice - fishery farming experiment carried out in the paddy field of
Liannan County, Qingyuan City of Guangdong Province, China.
The paddy fields are arranged with abundant non - pollution water and convenient water intake and drainage, the rice planted in the experiment is Meixiangnian No. 2, and the carp reared is Procypris merus.
Digging ring ditch and soaking paddy field: Widening and raising the ridges, digging a 3 - meter ring ditch along the inner perimeter of the ridge with a depth of 1.2 meters, a width of 5 meters and a slope ratio of 1:3. Each paddy field covers an area of 15 mu (1 mu=0.0667 hectares), and is rectangular and oriented east - west. There is 9 test fields in total named from A to |. Sieve filters of 80 mesh are added to the inlet and outlet of the paddy field to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the pool with the water flow. 15 days before stocking fry, dry disinfection with quicklime is adopted, that is 100 kg of quicklime per mu dissolving in water and splash it on the whole pool.
Before releasing Procypris merus, the feed compositions with an application amount of 300 kg/ mu prepared in Embodiments 1 - 5 and Comparative embodiments 1 - 3 are applied to 8 paddy fields A - H, respectively before rotary ploughing. Test field | is used as the control group, and 300 kg/mu of commercial paddy organic fertilizer is applied to the paddy field before rotary ploughing.
The average planting density of rice is 10,000 plants/mu. After 10 days of rice planting, fry of
Procypris merus with length of 3 - 5 cm are released into the fields according to 500 tail/mu. After the releasing, Procypris merus in test fields A - H are applied with the feed compositions prepared in Embodiments 1 - 5 and Comparative embodiments 1 - 3 every day. For | rice fields, commercially available bait for Procypris merus is applied at 10% of the total fish weight.
After releasing, the fields are sprinkled with quicklime water every 15 - 20 days with an amount of 10 - 15 kg/mu every time to keep the water quality in the rice - fishery system good and clean.
The numbers of fish and survival rates after 10 and 20 days of fry placement in each plot are counted and figured respectively in Table 1:
Table 1
Tew Ta [BCD EFS WT [ods | sto [e727 ees ots | ws | 785 | Tar | ez
Survival
Statistics of rice and fish yields in different areas are shown in Table 2:
Table 2
CE [es er
CE ew we ee
It can be seen from Table 1 that the survival rate of directly placed fry with smaller sizes is higher by applying with the feed composition prepared in the present disclosure, which is due to the fact that the Chinese medicine components added in the feed composition can cooperate to improve the resistance of the fry themselves, thus making them easier to survive in the integrated rice - fishery farming system.
From Table 2, it can be seen that the feed composition prepared by the present invention is applied as a base fertilizer for rice fields and fed as feed to the carp, which can substantially increase the yield of both rice and carp. It can also be seen from Table 2 that the feed composition is more effective when porous zeolite is added, and the best effect is achieved when porous zeolite of three pore size ranges is added, which is due to that the porous zeolite loaded with traditional Chinese medicine composition can improve the self - resistance of fish; besides, porous zeolite can help to slow the releasing of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, so as to provide a lasting drug effect; further, porous zeolite of three pore size ranges contribute to rather uniform releasing of effective components by providing different releasing speed caused by different pore sizes, the releasing time is therefore further prolonged, and the traditional Chinese medicine composition can deliver a better performance.
From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that garlic juice added during the fermentation process can enhance the effect of the final feed composition, which is due to the fact that the Allicin,
Allitride and Garlic glycoside contained in garlic juice can promote the microorganisms to ferment better and produce more beneficial products; it can also be concluded that the effect is better when Fructus foeniculi is added to the feed composition, which is because Fructus foeniculi can improve the palatability of the feed and increase the intake of the feed by fish.
What has been described above is only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or change made by any person skilled in the art according to the technical solution of the present disclosure and its inventive idea within the technical scope disclosed herein shall be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
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