NL2028945B1 - Non-invasive Long-range Substance Detection Device Based On Earth's Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Google Patents
Non-invasive Long-range Substance Detection Device Based On Earth's Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a non-invasive long-range substance detection device stemmed from the principles of the Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance (BPM/IR), by way of emitting powered excitation pulses of Larmor frequency (LF) calculated from the Earth’s magnetic field (EMF) in the target-searching area and then measuring the corresponding resonance responses of the potential targets. The present invention provides a compact substance-detecting and target-locating device with characteristic features of non-invasive, non-destructive, and long-range detection for any substance, which can be potentially applied in mineral prospecting and exploration, environmental monitoring, archaeology and other relevant fields. The detection mechanism of the present invention can be briefly described as follows: by emitting powered AF electromagnetic pulses with target’s LF in the search area, the specific magnetic nuclei of potential targets resided in the search area would absorb the electromagnetic energy carried by the AF electromagnetic pulses and thus generate 1 corresponding EFFHVIR responses that are manifested as distinct and detectable energy-absorbing power lines (EAPL) connecting the AF signal source and the potential targets; in the meantime, through probing and measuring the EAPL to determine directions and distances of the potential targets relative to the AF signal source, the targets can be eventually located remotely without tampering and disturbing the targets physically and chemically.
Description
Non-invasive Long-range Substance Detection Device Based On Earth's Field
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
The present invention belongs to the technical field of substance detection in the > near-field domain of electromagnetic radiation with ultra-low frequencies, and in particular, to a non-invasive long-range detection technique based principally on
EFNMR.
The distinguishing detection and spatial localization for underground mineral resources has long been a great challenge in mineral prospecting and exploration. It is well known that, although the conventional geophysical exploration methods, including gravity, magnetics, electrical and seismic techniques, are helpful to investigate some large-scaled or regional geologic objectives, they usually fail to effectively detect and locate the smaller underground targets such as ore veins or ore deposits, owning chiefly to their inherent draw-backs of ambiguity of data interpretation, inability in discriminating target substances, low spatial resolution and some other innate limitations. It is widely admitted that, most geophysical techniques can merely delineate or define some geophysical anomalies right after completing geophysical surveys in an area, but are unable to provide reliable and distinctive correlation between those geophysical anomalies and the desired target-vectoring factors (such as the chemical compositions, spatial distribution and geometrics of target ore veins), which are nevertheless the crucial criteria to verify detection effectiveness of method or technology in locating desired targets. This is an imminent predicament for applying conventional geophysical techniques to the mineral resource prospecting and exploration, and consequently new effective techniques for long-range substance detection have been extremely demanded. From our long-term investigations and tests on remote detection technologies, it has been recognized that some intriguing attributes of ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), along with certain near-field properties of ultra-long electromagnetic waves are well-suited and amenable for the development of long-range and non-destructive substance detection techniques, and specifically, the EFNMR approach with unique manipulation would have a viable potential to achieve this goal.
EFNMR is an important derivative of NMR, a robust analytical technique for the investigation of chemical structure, molecular dynamics and spatial conformation of certain substances. For the sake of low-end applications, such as long-range detection for underground mineral resources, most conventional NMR instruments are heavy, cumbersome, bulky and delicate equipment that require careful handling and cannot operate outside of a dedicated laboratory. Furthermore, they are unable to access large or immobile targets to implement detection or measurement. In contrast, by utilizing the natural EMF as the external magnetic field instead of huge artificial magnets in
NMR, EFNMR instruments can be miniaturized to portable sizes suitable for outdoor and field operations. The discoveries of the EAPL and the substance excitation frequency mechanism facilitate the realization of long-range, non-invasive substance detection of the present invention. In addition, some relevant attributes of the near-field domain of electromagnetic waves and magnetotelluric effects are also utilized in the present invention.
13 In order to tackle the aforementioned practical detection requirements in mineral exploration, the present invention provides a non-invasive long-range substance detection device based mainly on EFNMR. In terms of the present invention, the ubiquitous EMF is taken as an external homogeneous magnetic field; the real-time LF ts obtained depending on the precisely measured EMF strength and the gyromagnetic ratio of target substance; the soft or hard AF pulses of electromagnetic waves with the real-time LF are taken as excitation signals to irradiate the search area, under this condition, the desired targets would be stimulated by the irradiation to generate corresponding EFNMR responses which are manifested as the distinct EAPL between the AF signal source and potential targets. In the meantime, through probing and measuring the EAPL, the desired target can be remotely located eventually.
The present invention is specially designed for the long-range, non-invasive detection and localization of underground ore veins or ore deposits, and also has potential applications in environmental monitoring, archaeology and other relevant fields.
For more details, the present invention can be described as a long-range non-invasive detection portfolio further consisting mainly of a host system, a LF calculation module, an airborne module and a signal receiving module, wherein, 1) The host system is the main apparatus of the present invention and further comprises a host signal source module, a host power supply module, a built-in omnidirectional transmitter module, a built-in excitation frequency module and an external beam module. 2) The LF calculation module 1s used for measuring the EMF strengths and 3 calculating the real-time LF of the detected substance, and also presenting the data including the measured EMF strength and the calculated frequencies on a liquid crystal display for subsequent utilization upon actual detection requirements. 3) The host signal source module is used for generating extremely low frequency soft or hard pulse signals at different frequencies and with different waveforms, 10° amplifying the signals according to the actual detection requirements, and sending modulated electromagnetic signals with different magnitudes and powers to a specific transmitting antenna. 4) The host power supply module is used for supplying electrical power to the whole host system. 13 5) The built-in omnidirectional transmitter module is used for emitting omnidirectional soft pulse signals for scanning and exciting the potential target substances in order to generate EFNMR signals. 6) The built-in excitation frequency module is used for exciting the molecular frequencies of a sample and transmitting a wave packet pulse carrying the molecular frequencies, so as to detect a corresponding substance that is chemically identical to the sample. 7) The external beam module is used for the profile detection of target. 8) The airborne module is used for rapid aerial scanning detection in a larger search area. 23 9) The signal receiving module is used for acquiring nuclear magnetic resonance signals to measure the energy-absorbing power lines between the AF signal source and potential targets.
In terms of the architecture of present invention, the built-up of the component modules is as following: the output end of the LF calculation module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module via wireless communication; the output end of the host power supply module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module; the output ends of the host signal source module are connected with the input ends of the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module, the built-in excitation frequency module and the external beam module, respectively. The airborne module and the receiving module are independent modules, and both are used in conjunction with the host system during detecting operation.
Preferably, the LF calculation module, an independent module, is wirelessly > communicated with the host signal source module for data transfer; alternatively, the calculated LF data can also be manually input into the host signal source module.
The LF calculation module comprises a power supply, a magnetic sensor, a central processing unit, a memory, a liquid crystal display, a frequency calculation program, and all these components are electrically connected with the central processing unit of 10° the module.
The power supply is used for supplying power to the LF calculation module. The magnetic sensor is used for measuring the EMF strengths in real time. The central processing unit is used for analyzing instructions of the module or processing data therein. The memory is used for restoring data of the real-time calculated LF of any specific atomic nucleus or substance. The liquid crystal display is used for presenting the measured or calculated data on a screen. The frequency calculation program is used for calculating a real-time LF of atomic nucleus. The Bluetooth is used for transmitting signals to the host signal source module.
Preferably, the host signal source module comprises a central controller, a multi-waveform signal generating circuit, a signal power amplifying circuit, a display screen, a DC power supply, a panel and a Bluetooth.
The multi-waveform signal generating circuit, the signal power amplifying circuit and the central processing unit are all electrically connected with the DC power supply.
The display, the panel and the Bluetooth are all electrically connected with the central processing unit.
The DC power supply is used for supplying power to the host signal source module. The central processing unit is used for sending the controlling instructions and orders. The multi-waveform signal generating circuit is used for generating an electromagnetic signal at a specific frequency and with a specific waveform. The panel is used for setting required parameters including power amplification, duty ratio and signal transmission load type through function adjusting knobs and keyboard. The display screen is used for displaying signal parameters and function parameters. The
Bluetooth is used for receiving a signal transmission instruction at a specific frequency from the LF calculation module, and the power amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the signal powers according to the actual detection requirements.
Preferably, the waveforms generated by the host signal source module include sine wave, rectangular wave, triangular wave or saw-teeth wave. The waves > transmitted by the signal transmission load of the host signal source module consist of continuous waves, hard pulses or soft pulses.
The pulse combinations of different waveforms, powers and duty ratios will be adopted according to different signal transmission loads, detection modes, target sizes and real detecting environment.
Preferably, the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module comprises a magnetic probe and a special soft magnet core.
The magnetic probe is a solenoid coil with a copper enameled wire tightly wound around an ABS I-shaped framework; and the special soft magnet core is arranged at the center of the I-shaped framework inside. 13 Preferably, in order to perform the ground detection and precisely locate the desired targets, a multi-site detecting approach is designed for the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module. It is noted that this detecting approach has been validated in practical mineral resource exploration, and will be described in detail in following relevant section.
The built-in omnidirectional transmitter module is also used in conjunction with the airborne module to achieve rapid aerial scanning detection in a large area, in accordance with the working mode by setting the airborne module on a full-frequency excitation state while the ground host system on a selective frequency resonance state.
Preferably, the built-in excitation frequency module comprises a substance frequency excitation probe, which is electrically connected with the host signal generating module and is used for exciting the molecular frequencies of a sample. It has been verified that this module has an extremely broadband excitation capability and also allows uniform excitation of different magnetic nuclei contained in the sample. The working procedure for this module is as following: using a powered full-frequency hard pulse at a specific center frequency to irradiate the sample abut the probe, the molecular frequency components are thereof excited, thereby wave packet pulses containing the molecular frequency components of the sample will be generated through internal mixing and modulation; then the wave packet pulses will be automatically transmitted through an omnidirectional antenna and propagate in the detection area. Since the transmitted wave packet pulses containing molecular frequency components of the sample, a corresponding substance chemically identical to the sample can be therefore detected and located in the target area. 3 It is noted that the full-frequency high energy hard pulse acts as a carrier wave and the substance molecular frequencies serve as the effective frequency signals.
Preferably, the external beam module is a separable module, and is connected with an external port of the host signal source module only during the profile detection for underground targets.
The external beam module comprises a narrow beam transmitting probe, a special soft magnet core, a resonant cylindrical tube, a laser pointer, a plug and a triangle bracket. The narrow beam transmitting probe and the special soft magnet core are fixed inside the resonant cylindrical tube and electrically connected with the plug. The laser pointer is fixed above the resonant tube by screws, and the resonant cylindrical tube and the triangle bracket are fixed by screws. The usage details of this module will be described in the following relevant sections.
Preferably, the soft pulse narrow beam transmitted by the external beam module directly irradiates an underground target, and detects its spatial distribution in detail at multiple measuring points and proper exploration intervals. For instance, the geometry and size of a moderately to steeply inclined ore vein underground can be precisely defined by using the method of joint detection on the hanging-walls and footwalls of the ore vein.
Preferably, the airborne module is an independent module, and is only used in conjunction with the host system during an airborne detection in a larger area.
For utilization of the airborne module, it is important to make a feasible detecting preparation prior to operation. That is to find a suitable take-off ground position for the umnanned atrcraft carrying the module, to design a flight route and flight altitude according to the topography of the target area, and to set up the transmission power of the airborne module suitable for the level flight altitude and the desired detecting depths into the ground.
Preferably, the receiving module is an independent module, and is used in conjunction with the host system during both the ground and the airborne detection operations.
The electromagnetic compatibility of a target filter in the receiving module is achieved by both monopole and dipole manipulation.
The present invention has following characteristic features: 1. A new technique of the ultralow-field NMR detection and discrimination 3 According to the present invention, it is a new technique and application of the ultralow NMR substance detection which is especially applicable in mineral exploration. By sending AF pulses of specific LF in the EMF, the magnetic nuclei of the desired target substance will absorb the electromagnetic energy carried by the AF pulses and produce EFNMR response signals, which are manifested as distinguishable energy-absorbing power lines between the AF signal source and potential targets.
Through detecting and sensing the energy-absorbing power lines using the receiving device of the present invention, the desired targets can be eventually located spatially.
It is notable that, in a given EMF, EFNMR detection for a target depends merely to the
LF of the target’s substance, therefore, it is able to discriminate desired targets from other materials without any ambiguity, which is very useful and advantageous to pinpoint specific targets in practical mineral prospecting. 2. Non-invasive, non-destructive and long-range substance detecting
At the very beginning of mineral prospecting and exploration in an area, we have to answer two crucial questions: (1) what kinds of mineral deposits may exist in the area, and (2) where are the mineral deposits localized exactly? The first the question can be answered in some degree with the assistance of knowledge of regional geological setting and local mineralization style. To answer the second question, explorationist has to roughly determine the localization and distribution of potential ore veins underground by cost-effective non-invasive detection techniques prior to much more expensive drilling operation. As a powerful detection system, the present invention is able to perform surface and underground target detecting and locating merely using the AF electromagnetic waves, thus the detection operation will not impose any physical or chemical disturbances onto the target substance. In another words, the detecting operation 10 this maser is completely a non-invasive, 30° non-destructive, in-situ and long-range detection, and will not give rise to any change of the targets. Although there are still some interesting but enigmatic phenomena regarding EFNMR long-range detection requiring scientific investigation, His certain that the theoretical and technical core of EFNMR 15 the near-field energy propagation mechanism that governs the formation of the energy-absorbing power lines between the AF exciting signal source and the targets. The exciting signals emitted by the magnetic current source of the present invention are at extremely low frequency with ultra-long wavelengths, and therefore, the effective detecting area (largely within 10 kilometers in diameter around transmitter, depending on input power) inevitably falls into the electromagnetic near-field domains. The alternating electromagnetic induction in the near-field domains possess extremely low frequency magnetic power flows between the exciting source and potential targets, resulting in an instantaneous action-at-a-distance energy transfer with low impedance. Thus, these near-field 10° EFNMR signals will provide powerful electromagnetic energy and instantaneous sensing capability to achieve long-range detection and target-hunting. It is notable that the energy-absorbing power lines play an important role in the EFNMR long-range substance detection and are considered to be the ultralow-frequency standing waves with traveling wave components occurred between the AF signal source and potential 13 targets. 3. Mobility and portability
Because any substance or objects on the Earth is immersed in the geomagnetic filed and subject to its influence, the EFNMR apparatuses of the present invention requires no artificial external magnets comparing the high-field NMR counterparts.
With adopting the EMF as external magnetic field, the EFNMR apparatuses of the present invention can be delicately designed very small in size to enhance their mobility and portability, which are of important in carrying out field mineral exploration and out-door target-hunting operations. The gross weight of the present invention apparatuses can be minimized to about 15 kilograms and can be put into a gpecially designed suitcase for one person’s carrying, handling and long-distance transportation.
In order to explain more clearly the embodiments in the present invention or the technical solutions, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the main modules of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ground detection of the present invention.
FIG. 3 1s a schematic diagram of the profile detection of the present invention. 3 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of joint ground-airborne detection.
In the figures, 1- real-time Earth’s magnetic field strength measurement and
Lamor Frequency calculation module, 2- host power signal generating module, 3- built-in soft pulse omnidirectional transmitter module, 4- built-in substance excitation frequency module, 5- external narrow soft pulse beam transmitter module, 6- dipole 10° signal receiving module, 7- airborne signal source and narrow hard pulse transmission module, 8-resonance signal line of site A, 9- station resonance signal line of site B, 10-external beam transmitter, 11-ground host and receiving device, and 12-plane projection of aircraft route.
13 The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be described completely with reference to the accompanying drawings herein. Obviously, the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention but not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The present invention will now be further described in detail with reference to accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example 1
The present invention is theoretically stemmed from EFNMR and energy transfer attributes in the near-field domain of electromagnetic waves with ultralow frequencies.
Through irradiating a detection area with the extremely low frequency powered electromagnetic AF pulses, the specific magnetic nuclei of the target substance potentially present in the area can absorb photon energy carried by AF waves at LF and generate ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance signals. By detecting and measuring the nuclear magnetic resonance signals with the receiving device, the desired targets can be remotely located thereof.
It is widely known that, of the 108 natural chemical elements found on the Earth, most of them have magnetic atomic nuclei and nearly 140 magnetic nuclei exist naturally in total. Theoretically, all magnetic nuclei can produce nuclear magnetic resonance under an appropriate condition (including external magnetic field and exciting AF pulses), and then be regarded as a detectable substance. Magnetic nuclei are those with an odd number of protons or neutrons. Because of their distinctive spin > angular momentums and magnetic moments, different charged magnetic nuclei have different gyromagnetic ratios, an intrinsic physical constant of magnetic nucleus. The reason why the nuclear magnetic resonance can be used to detect substances is mainly based on the scientific basis that the magnetic nuclei of different substances have their distinctive gyromagnetic ratios. Accordingly, the LF scales linearly with the 10° gyromagnetic ratio and applied external magnetic field strength.
In the microscopic regime, similar to mass, spin is inherent attribute for all microscopic particles. The spin of a charged nucleus would produce a spin angular momentum and a spin magnetic moment. The ratio of the magnetic moment to the spin angular momentum of a magnetic nucleus is named as gyromagnetic ratio, a constant of magnetic nucleus. According to the quantum mechanics, the nuclei with even number of protons and neutrons, such as Cs, 1°Og and 3S, are of non-magnetic and unable to produce nuclear magnetic resonance, since their spins are offset in pairs, and thus the spin quantum number, the macroscopic spin angular momentum and the spin magnetic moment are collectively equal to zero. In contrast, the nuclei with odd number of protons or neutrons have spin angular momentum, magnetic moment and gyromagnetic ratio, since the spins are not offset in pairs and the spin quantum number (integer or half-integer) is not zero. In fact, most natural elements in the Periodic Table of Elements have magnetic nuclear isotopes that can be theoretically deemed to be detectable with NMR techniques.
In the absence of an external magnetic field, the spin magnetic moment of magnetic nuclei is in a random (disorder) state, and the magnetic energy level of the nuclei is degenerate, thus resulting in a substance not exhibiting any nuclear magnetism on a macroscopic scale. If magnetic nuclei are placed in an external magnetic field, they tend to generate a macroscopic magnetic moment. Since the microscopic particle motion obeys the quantum mechanical behaviors, mainly including spin, Zeeman energy level splitting, Boltzmann distribution and Lamor precession, therefore in an external magnetic field, the macroscopic magnetic moment of the magnetic nucleus does not orientate perfectly parallel to the external magnetic tl field, but aligns with a certain angle with respect to the external magnetic field. As a result, the magnetic nuclei are always driven by the magnetic moment to rotate around the external magnetic field, and thus generate precession at a certain angular velocity with respect to the external magnetic field. This rotation is called Lamor precession, and the rotating frequency is then named as LF. The motion style of Lamor precession of the magnetic nuclei resembles the precession of a gyro rotating with respect to the gravity.
According to the classical electromagnetism or quantum mechanics, the LF (vo) of magnetic nuclei scales linearly with the external magnetic field strength (Bo) and the
IO gyromagnetic ratio (y), vo = yBo/2% (Hz) (1)
If a target with specific magnetic nuclei is present or resided in an external magnetic field and irradiated with AF pulses at LF, the lower energy magnetic nuclei of the target will jump to higher energy states by absorbing the AF electromagnetic energy. This process will definitely result in the generation of corresponding nuclear magnetic resonance absorption signals. By detecting the magnetic resonance absorption signals as manifested as some distinctive energy-absorption power lines connecting the AF pulse source and the target, the target can eventually be located remotely. According to Equation (1), the LF is a function of the gyromagnetic ratio and the external magnetic field strength, thus different magnetic nucleus will have distinct
LF in the same external magnetic field, and the same magnetic nucleus in different external magnetic fields will certainly possess different LF
Since the average strengths of the EMF are very weak, the LF induced by the
EMF is also very small in value. Taking 50 pT (0.5 Gs) of field strength in the mid-latitude areas for instance, the values of the LF of about 140 magnetic nuclei of all natural chemical elements calculated according to Equation (1) range from tens to 3500 Hz. This frequency range falls into the AF band of ultra-low frequencies and ultra-long wavelengths. According to the classical electromagnetic wave theory, the greater the wavelength of electromagnetic wave, the stronger its diffraction ability and the greater the skin depth. Therefore, the electromagnetic waves in this frequency range have not only superior diffraction ability, but also superior penetrating ability into the ground, which are advantageous and useful for the long-range detection in mineral exploration.
As the electromagnetic near-field (induction field) substance detection technique using ultra-long wavelength waves, the present invention makes full use of the instantaneous action-at-a-distance attributes of near-field energy transfer of electromagnetic waves. Although the device of the present invention has a robust detection capability, the detecting range of the ultra-low frequency electromagnetic waves still falls in the near-field domain of the excitation source. The application technique of electromagnetic waves usually takes the region within a wavelength from the source as the near-field domain, and the region outside a wavelength as the far-field domain. Because of the fundamental distinctions between near-field and far-field in their strength variation, electromagnetic energy exchange and wave impedance, any electromagnetic wave application technique must comply with these differences. In the near-field domain, most of the electromagnetic wave energy principally flows and exchanges between the wave source and the field, and between the electric field and the magnetic field as well. The average Poynting's vector in the near-field domain is also close to zero. Despite robust, inhomogeneous and rapid-decaying natures of the electromagnetic strength, the near-field domain is free from hysteresis in the energy transfer and exchange between the source and the field, and has the instantaneous action-at-a-distance characteristics similar to a quasi-static field. Furthermore, the magnitude of the electric field strength does not scale proportionally with the magnetic field strength with 7/2 phase difference between them in the near-field domain. Based on these distinctive characteristics, the near-field is also deemed as an induction field or a bounding field, and the electromagnetic wave in the near-field domain is also called a bounding electromagnetic wave. If a magnetic current source is utilized to generate and emit electromagnetic waves, the magnetic field will necessarily much greater than the electric field in the near-field. Since the impedance in near-field domain is numerically far less than that in the far-field, the near-field is regarded as a low impedance field.
In terms of the present invention, a magnetic current source is used to generate and emit extremely low frequency AF excitation signals, and the core area of the near-field region is taken as its effective detecting area. Therefore, the alternating induction field in this effective detecting area has an extremely low frequency magnetic signal flow, resulting in an instantaneous action-at-a-distance energy transfer and low impedance. In this circumstance, the EFNMR in the near-field domain can provide super-high electromagnetic energy with instantaneous action-at-a-distance sensing capability, and thereby is able to stimulate the energy-absorbing power lines connecting the AF pulse source and the potential targets, which can be sensed and detected for locating the desired targets.
Although NMR methods in high magnetic fields, such as NMR spectrometer and
MRI scanner, are also developed upon the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance, they are remarkably different to the present invention in many aspects, including the adopted external magnetic fields, instrumentation designing, implementation approach, manipulation method, detecting target, application field and working environment. As to the high-field NMR methods, they adopt the ultra-high external magnetic fields of 10,000-100,000 Gs by large and expensive superconducting magnets and are mainly used in laboratory substance structure analysis or applied in medical fields. In contrast, the present invention adopts the natural EMF with only about 0.5 Gs field strength as its external magnetic field, which is much lower (100,000-1,000,000 times) than the former, and is mainly utilized in the outdoor long-range substance detecting and locating. In general, it can be seen that there are two prominent differences between the classical NMR and present invention EFNMR: 1) the totally different external magnetic fields employed, and 2) totally different detecting targets and sensing approaches. Therefore, the present invention, as an ultra-low field EFNMR technique used in locating targets remotely out-door in the fields, completely different from the high-field NMR techniques that are used in in-door analyzing structure of substances.
Based on the preceding description, the present invention as shown in FIG. 1 provides a non-invasive long-range substance detection device stemmed from the principles of EFNMR, consisting of a LF calculation module, a host signal source module, a host power supply module, a built-in omnidirectional transmitter module, a built-in excitation frequency module, an external beam module, an airborne module and a signal receiving module. These component modules are successively interconnected as following:
The output end of the LF calculation module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module via wireless communication. The output end of the host power supply module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module.
The output ends of the host signal source module are connected with the input ends of the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module, the built-in excitation frequency module and the external beam module, respectively. The external beam module is a separable module of the present invention, and is connected with an external port of the host system at the time when using it for a specific detection. The airborne module is an independent module of the present invention, and is only used in conjunction with > the host system during airborne detection. The receiving module is also an independent module of the present invention, and is used in conjunction with the host system during ground detection and airborne detection. More details of each module are described as following. 1) Lamor Frequency calculation module (full name: real-time Earth’s magnetic field strength measurement and Lamor Frequency calculation module)
The LF calculation module, an independent module of the present invention, is communicated with the host signal source module by Bluetooth for data transmission.
Alternatively, the resultant calculation data can also manually be input into the host system. This module is chiefly used for measuring the EMF intensity and calculating the real-time LF of the detected substance. It can also be used as an integrated apparatus independently. The preset memory in the module stores the reduced gyromagnetic ratio data of most magnetic isotopes and mast commonly substances.
This module is mainly composed of hardware and software, including a power supply, a magnetic sensor, a central processing unit, a memory, a liquid crystal display, 200 4 frequency calculation program and Bluetooth. The power supply, the geomagnetic sensor, the liquid crystal display and the Bluetooth are all electrically connected with the central processing unit.
The power supply is used for providing power to the LF calculation module. The magnetic sensor is used for measuring the total strength of the EMF in real time. The central processing unit is used for analyzing orders of the module or processing data therein. The memory is used for storing the reduced gyromagnetic ratio data and the calculated real-time LF. The liquid crystal display is used for presenting the measured or calculated data on a screen. The frequency calculation program is used for calculating or calling the real-time LF of substance. The Bluetooth is used for transmitting instructions to the host signal source module if needed in detecting operation.
To detect surface or underground substances or objects using the present invention apparatus, the real-time LF of the detected substance must be obtained in advance, and then the detection area will be irradiated with the pulsed electromagnetic signals at LF, so as to excite nuclear magnetic resonance response of the potential targets. It is known that the maximum strength of the EMF is at the north and south poles of the Earth, while the minimum strength is near the equator. The total strength values are typically 3 close to 50 uT (0.5 Gs) in the mid-latitude areas of the Earth, as in most parts of China.
The average magnetic field strength of a specific area on the Earth is generally homogeneous and stable, as mainly related to the latitude of the area. However, the global or regional disturbance and notable variances of the EMF may occur due to occasional extraterrestrial electromagnetic events (such as sunspot activity, solar wind, interplanetary magnetic storm and major meteorological events), striking dynamic events inside the Earth (earthquakes and intense volcanic activities) and nuclear test explosions. Therefore, for the purpose of detecting targets using EFNMR techniques in a specific area, the LF of the target substance must be calculated with the fluctuations of EMF in real-time, and the working frequency of detection should be adjusted and 13 synchronized with the major changes of the EMF in order to achieve a high-resolution detection result.
Before starting a detection operation, the LF calculation module firstly measures the total EMF in real time. While gaining an average EMF strength (in 60 seconds), the calculation program will calculate the real-time LF of common used detection substances using the Equation (1). These data are stored on in RAM to be recalled at any time and presented in the liquid crystal display. The calculated frequency data can be called indirectly by flipping through the menu or directly by entering the element or substance ID number, and can be sent to the host module through Bluetooth or manually input into the host module as the detecting signal frequency. If the fluctuations of the EMF are less than +5 uT, the variation of the LF would be insignificant and can be negligible. Moreover, since the frequency shift correction by frequency-adjusted averaging method has been made in advance in the design of the host detection mode, the detection errors caused by small frequency shifts can be neglected. However, in case of significant fluctuations of EMF, the LF must be recalculated with a newly measured external EMF strength. To guarantee LF resolution and the detection effectiveness, the EMF strength is usually re-measured every 2 to 3 hours in the actual detection operations, so that the transmitted LF can be updated in time.
2) Host signal source module (full name: host powered signal generating module)
This module, a major component of the ground detection host, consists mainly of a central controller, a multi-waveform signal generating circuit, a power amplifying circuit, a display screen, a DC power supply, a digital and function keyboard, a data transfer interface, built-in and external transmission interfaces, a built-in excitation frequency interface, function adjusting knobs, a Bluetooth, a power switch and a waterproof and shockproof casing. It mainly serves to generate ultra-low frequency soft and hard pulse signals at different frequencies and with different waveforms, to amplify a signal power according to the actual detection requirements, and to output modulated signals with different powers to a proper signal emitting load.
The DC power supply is electrically connected with such components as the multi-waveform signal generating circuit, the power amplifying circuit and the central processing unit for supplying power to this module. The display, the digital and function keyboard, the data interface, the built-in and external transmission interfaces, 15° the built-in excitation frequency interface, the function adjustment knobs and the
Bluetooth are electrically connected with the central processing unit.
According to the actual detection requirements, detecting orders will be sent by the central processing unit. An electromagnetic signal at a specific frequency and with a specific waveform is generated by the signal generating circuit. The required parameters such as power amplification, duty ratio and signal transmission load type are set by the function adjustment knobs and the keyboard. These signal and functional parameters will be displayed on the host display screen and corresponding work-status indicating lamps in real time. The panel consists of a digital and a function keyboard, a working status indicator, a transmission power adjustment (range) knob, a detection mode selection knob, a built-in omnidirectional transmission interface, a built-in excitation frequency transmission interface, an external beam transmitter interface, an upper computer data interface, a charging interface and a power switch. The working mode selection knob is mainly used for finely tuning the center frequency of the pulse to avoid the frequency shifts caused by potential micro-fluctuations of external magnetic field and other factors, and has three option modes including scanning mode, resonance mode and target confirmation mode. The liquid crystal display will show the working frequency, waveform, duty ratio, peak-to-peak voltage, power output status and detection distance in real time. This module can transmit detection signals manually, or triggered by the orders of the frequency calculation module.
This module, together with the LF calculation module and the built-in soft pulse omnidirectional transmitter module, the built-in excitation frequency module or the external narrow beam transmitter module, constitutes a ground signal generating and > emitting system, and collaboratively carries out the spatial transmission of various excitation electromagnetic signals. The central controller coordinates the signal generation unit and the power amplifier unit to perform the task instructions sent by the keyboard and the function knobs. According to the detection needs, the waveforms generated by this module include sine wave, rectangle wave, triangle wave and saw-teeth wave. The signal generating circuit can generate AF waves with frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 300 kHz, with commonly used frequencies ranging from 30 to 3500 Hz. The scope of power amplification ranges from 0 to 10 Watt, and the duty ratios can be set from 0 to 99%. This module can also transmit continuous waves, hard pulses or soft pulses. The pulse combinations of different waveforms, powers and duty 13 ratios will be adopted according to different signal transmission loads, detection modes or detection targets. The powered soft and hard pulse signals are mainly utilized in ordinary detection operations. In practical detection, the pure voltage signals (low power) without power amplification are used during short-distance detection or large target detection, while the powered signals are used during far-distance detection or small target detection. It is noted that the detection distance and penetration depth are directly proportional to the emitting signal powers. Our detection tests show that, when the emitting signal power is set at 10 watts, the surface effective detection distance can reach to about 10 km and the penetration depth can reach to about 1500m underground. 3) Built-in omnidirectional transmitter module (full name: built-in soft pulse omnidirectional transmitter module)
This module consists mainly of a magnetic probe and a special soft magnet core.
The magnetic probe is a coil with a copper enameled wire tightly wound around an
ABS I-shaped framework; and the special soft magnet core is set in the center of the
I-shaped framework to improve the magnetic flux performance, output impedance and electromagnetic compatibility. This module is electrically connected with the power signal source module at the front end and installed in the main chassis, and is mainly used for transmitting soft pulse signals for scanning and detecting desired targets across the entire reaching range. The soft pulses are mainly used for narrowing the bandwidth of AF frequency and increasing the strength of the major lobe of the wave, so as to excite a detected substance at high power at the center LF. With this module, the operator can conveniently carry out a fast full-range scanning operation to determine whether a specific target substance do exist in the searching area or not.
Therefore, this module is usually utilized in the early stage of mineral exploration for whole area scanning. It is noted that the host module is commonly set to a high transmission power state while working.
By referring to FIG. 2, if some potential detected targets exist in the detection area, the corresponding nuclear magnetic resonance will inevitably be generated as 10° manifested as prominent energy-absorbing power lines between AF signal source and potential targets. If detected target does not exist in the detection area, then no resonance happens and thus no any energy-absorbing power line generates. Because natural ore deposits usually comprise multiple elements or minerals, a multi-element combination detection approach can be applied in order to define different associated 15° elements respectively. In this scenario, the multi-element detection method would increase detecting accuracy for ore localization.
In order to enhance the spatial exactitude of target locating, the multi-site detecting method is usually adopted in actual detecting operations. Since the power lines generated by the same target at different sites will intersect at potential target position, the target can be precisely located by this method. The detection spatial data (site coordinates, target orientation, site-target distance) acquired in each site will be recorded in detail for subsequent data collation and mapping.
In addition, this module can collaborate with the airborne module to perform a rapid aerial scanning detection in a larger area. More details concerning the airborne module application will be stated in the following relevant section.
Our practical tests show that this module has a favorable electromagnetic compatibility with the electromagnetic parameters such as inductance, impedance, distributed capacitance and Q-factors being stable at different transmitting frequencies and power outputs. 4) Built-in excitation frequency module (full name: built-in substance excitation frequency module)
This module is mainly composed of a substance frequency excitation probe and is electrically connected with the host powered signal source. The structure of this module is basically similar to that of the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module, but with different electromagnetic parameters. In practical resource prospecting operations, we usually encounter a situation that we only have a piece of ore sample of unknown chemical compositions, but wish to search some new targets identical to the 3 sample in an area. In this situation, it is impossible to calculate the LF due to the sample compositions being unknown. In order to solve such a detecting problem, the built-in substance excitation frequency module is dedicatedly developed. This module is mainly used for exciting the “molecular frequencies” of a sample and transmitting a wave packet pulse carrying the “molecular frequencies”, so as to detect a new target identical chemically to the sample. By using this module, the molecular frequency of the sample can be obtained in real time to accomplish the goal of "finding a new target from sample". Through irradiating the sample with hard pulses (full-frequency) at a specific center frequency, most magnetic nuclei in the sample will be uniformly excited to generate nuclear magnetic resonance simultaneously, and then synthetize a signal combination of multi-element resonance frequencies. It is noted that the methodology of obtaining molecular frequency has extremely broadband excitation capability. The wave packet pulse, which is modulated by the evanescent waves, contains the frequency components of multi-element magnetic nuclei of the sample.
The "molecular frequency" herein is not a stricto sensu molecular frequency, but is still 4 LF combination of multi-element magnetic nuclei in an ultra-low field magnetic resonance setting.
The specific implementation of the module is as following: while placing a sample over the substance excitation area of the excitation module, a full-frequency high energy hard pulse is applied to the sample at a specific center frequency to excite the molecular frequency components thereof, a wave packet pulse containing the molecular frequency components of the sample is generated through modulation; and then, the wave packet pulse is emitted to the detection area through an omnidirectional transmitting antenna. The wave packet pulses then will irradiate the potential targets chemically identical to the sample in the area, resulting in the resonance absorption and thereby forming EFNMR signals manifested as the energy-absorbing power lines. In this process, the full-frequency high energy excitation hard pulses act as carrier waves, and the molecular frequencies are the effective signals. 5) External beam module (full name: external narrow soft pulse beam transmitter module)
The external beam module 1s a separable module, and connected with an external port of the host signal source module while using it. This module is mainly used for profile detection. It consists mainly of a narrow beam probe coil, a special soft magnet > core, a resonant tube, a laser pointer, an aviation plug and a graduated triangle bracket.
As the core components of this module, the narrow beam probe coil and the soft magnet core are fixed inside the resonant tube and electrically connected with the aviation plug. The laser pointer 1s fixed above the resonant tube by screws, and mainly used for pointing beam direction. The resonant tube for electromagnetic shielding and 10° peam collimation is fixed to the triangular bracket by screws. On the premise of having finished an cmmbearmg scanning detection in an area and the targets having been grossly defined, as shown in FIG. 3, an underground target will be directly irradiated by the soft pulse narrow beam (with a diameter of about 40-60 cm, preferably 50cm) generated by this module. The geometry and inclination of the ore vein can be precisely detected and measured at multiple points with suitable spacing. The three-dimensional shape of a moderately to steeply inclined ore vein can be mapped by joint detections for the hanging-wall and footwall of the target. Based on coupling of the transmission power and corresponding detecting capacity, the distance between the resonant point of the ore vein and the module can be roughly determined. In practical detecting operation, it is necessary to record all the detecting data for subsequent data collation and mapping. 6) Airborne module (full name: airborne powered signal source and narrow beam transmitter module)
This module consists mainly of a powered signal source, a narrow beam transmitter and a gyroscope. This module, together with an airborne GPS, an airborne high-resolution camera and an unmanned helicopter, constitutes an airborne mobile detection platform. Referring to FIG. 4, the airborne module collaborates with the ground detection host and the signal receiving module to form a ground-airborne detection system for rapid scanning and detecting over a larger potential area. Prior to an airborne detection operation, the following preparations are required: 1) selecting convenient ground take-off sites for the unmanned helicopter; 2) planning flight routes according to the scope and topography of the detection area; 3) setting a proper flight altitude according to landscape undulations; and 4) setting a proper signal power of the airborne module according to the flight altitude and the ground detection depths. The electromagnetic connection among the airborne-ground detecting system is achieved as follows: after the airborne module is launched, the full-frequency hard pulse narrow beam excitation signals are transmitted vertically down to the ground, and all > substances within the effective detection depth range will generate a full-frequency resonance. At the same time, the ground host selectively transmits LF soft pulses to the air, then the up-going waves from the ground host will encounter the already-formed full-frequency resonant power line between the airborne module and underground substances, thereby, achieving selective magnetic resonance between the ground host 10° and the underground target substance and forming an electromagnetic linkage among the ground host, the airborne module and the underground substances vertically below the airborne module. It has been proved that, once the hard pulse narrow beams of the airborne module hit a desired target while flying, the excited full-frequency resonant signals will definitely contain the characteristic frequency components of the desired target substance. The realization of this EFNMR signal linkage is entirely dependent on the instantaneous action-at-a-distance energy transfer and exchange attributes of the induction field, which is unique to the near-field domain of electromagnetic waves. As long as the airborne module perceives a resonance signal of the desired substance while flying, the host computer will also instantaneously sense the signal. At this time, the ground host sends a hovering order to the unmanned helicopter, so as to mark and record the GPS coordinates of the starting position of the resonance signal of the target.
In practice, when the airborne module traverses each ore vein, both the appearance and disappearance points of the resonance signals are recorded by way of GPS coordinates.
Both points represent the intersections of two boundaries of an ore vein with the flight route (or exploration line). In subsequent data collation, the plan distribution pattern of the detected targets in the detection area can be mapped by rationally connecting the corresponding cross-cutting points occurred on each flight route in the detection area.
This mapping procedure is similar to the geological mapping in ground mineral exploration. (7) Receiving module (full name: dipole signal receiving module):
This module is mainly composed of a dipole antenna, a preamplifier, a power supply, a connecting line and an independent casing, and is used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals and detecting the energy-absorption power lines. This module has a target filtering knob through which the receiving weighted signal amplification can be set according to the sizes of targets and detecting distances.
Generally, for a larger or closer target, the knob will be turned down to filter small signals; but for a smaller or distant target, the knob will be turned up to improve the > detection sensitivity. Usually this module requires the participation of the operator's body parasitic capacitance in some degree. Since the parasitic capacitance of individual operators would be obviously different, it is necessary to match electromagnetic compatibility with the target filterer of this module. In practice, either monopole method or dipole method can be applied. When the operator holding the dipole antenna move into the energy-absorption power line, presumably a vertically polarized magnetic field, the dipole antenna will cut the resonant power line, and an induced current will be generated in the loop consisting of the antenna and human body. In this process, an ampere force will cause the antennas to rotate against each other. By linking the crosscutting points in line, the resonance signal power lines can be easily defined. Furthermore, the more precise localization of a target can be achieved by tuning the power-distance coupling to estimate the distance between the resonance point (target) and the host AF source. With the target bearings and distances obtained above, the spatial distribution of a target can be counseguently obtained.
The preferred embodiments described herein are only for illustration purpose, and gre not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and improvements on the technical solution of the present invention made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection as stated in claims of the present invention. 23 PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 1. A non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR, consisting mainly of a host system, a LF calculation module, an airborne module and a receiving module, wherein, the host system further comprises a host signal source module, a host power supply module, a built-in omnidirectional transmitter module, a built-in excitation frequency module and an external beam module; the LF calculation module is used for measuring the EMF strength in real time and calculating the LF of detected substances, and also presenting the measured and calculated data on a liquid crystal display for being recalled at any time according to the actual detection requirements;
the host signal source module is used for generating extremely low frequency soft and hard pulse signals at different frequencies and with different waveforms,
> amplifying the signal powers according to the actual detection operations, and outputting modulated electromagnetic signals with different powers to a specific transmission load;
the host power supply module is used for supplying power to the whole host system;
10 the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module is used for transmitting soft pulse signals to scan and detect across the entire detecting areas;
the built-in excitation frequency module is used for exciting the molecular frequency of a sample and transmitting wave packet pulses carrying the molecular frequency of the sample, so as to detect a corresponding target chemically identical to the sample;
the external beam module is used for profile detection;
the airborne module is used for rapid aerial scanning detection in a larger area,
the receiving module is used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals and detecting the energy-absorption power lines;
the output end of the LF calculation module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module via wireless communication; the output end of the host power supply module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module; the output ends of the host signal source module are connected with the input ends of the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module, the built-in excitation frequency module and the external beam module, respectively; and the airborne module and the receiving module are independent modules and are used in conjunction with the host system during the substance detection operations.
2. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the LF calculation module, an independent module, is wirelessly communicated with the host signal source module for data transmission; alternatively, the calculated frequency data can be manually input into the host signal source module;
the LF calculation module comprises a power supply, a magnetic sensor, a central processing unit, a memory, a liquid crystal display, a frequency calculation program, and a Bluetooth; the power supply, the magnetic sensor, the memory, the liquid crystal display, the frequency calculation program and the Bluetooth are all electrically connected with the central processing unit; 3 the power supply is used for supplying power to the LF calculation module; the magnetic sensor is used for measuring the EMF strength in real time; the central processing unit is used for analyzing instructions of the module or processing data therein; the memory is used for storing and recalling real-time LF; the liquid crystal display 1s used for presenting the calculated or measured data on a screen; the frequency calculation program is used for calculating the real-time LF; and the
Bluetooth is used for transmitting a signal to the host signal source module at a specific frequency. 3. The non-invasive remote substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the host signal source module comprises a central controller, a multi-waveform signal generating circuit, a power amplifying circuit, a display screen, a DC power supply, a panel and a Bluetooth; the multi-waveform signal generating circuit, the power amplifying circuit and the central processing unit are all electrically connected with the DC power supply; the display, the panel and the Bluetooth are all electrically connected with the central processing unit; the DC power supply is used for supplying power to the host signal source module; the central processing unit is used for sending control instructions; the multi-waveform signal generating circuit is used for generating electromagnetic signals at specific frequencies and with specific waveforms; the panel is used for setting required parameters including power amplification, duty ratio and signal transmission load type through the function knobs and the keyboard; the display screen is used for displaying signals and function parameters on the host display screen in real time; the
Bluetooth is used for receiving data from the LF calculation module, and the power amplifying circuit is used for amplifying a signal power according to the actual detection requirements. 4. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 3, characterized in that the waveforms generated by the host signal source module include sine wave, rectangular wave, triangular wave or saw-tooth wave; the waves transmitted by the signal transmission load of the host signal source module include continuous waves, hard pulses or soft pulses; the pulse combinations of different waveforms, powers and duty ratios will be adopted according to different signal transmission loads, detection modes or detection > targets. 5. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module comprises a magnetic probe coil and a special soft magnet core; the magnetic probe is a coil with a copper enameled wire tightly wound around an
ABS I-shaped framework; and the special soft magnet core is arranged at the center of the I-shaped framework. 6. The non-invasive remote substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module combines a multi-site detection method to acquire target spatial data of each site, scan and detect major and associated elements respectively, and determine whether these elements exist or not in the same spatial range; and the target spatial data of each position comprises coordinates, target orientation, target distance and elements to be detected; the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module is used in conjunction with the airborne module to achieve rapid aerial scanning detection in an area based on the working mode combining full-frequency excitation of the airborne module and selective resonance of the ground host system. 7. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the built-in excitation frequency module comprises a substance frequency excitation probe, is electrically connected with the host power signal generating module that is structurally similar to the built-in omnidirectional transmitter module but has different electromagnetic parameters thereof’ the built-in excitation frequency module is used for exciting a molecular frequency of a sample and transmitting a wave packet pulse carrying the molecular frequencies of the sample, so as to detect a corresponding target chemically identical to the sample; namely, a sample is placed on the excitation area of the module, a full-frequency powered hard pulse is applied to irradiate the sample at a specific center frequency and to excite the molecular frequency components thereof, a wave packet pulse containing the molecular frequency components of the sample is generated through modulation, and then the wave packet pulse is emitted out to the detection area through the omnidirectional transmitting antenna;
the wave packet pulse containing the molecular frequency components of the sample will irradiates potential targets chemically identical to the sample in the detecting area, resulting in the resonance absorption and thereby forming a magnetic resonance signals that can be used to locate the target substance.
It is clear that the full-frequency powered hard pulses act as carrier wave, and the molecular frequencies are effective signals.
8. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the external beam module is a separable module, and is connected with an external port of the host signal source module only during the profile detection;
the external beam module comprises a narrow beam transmitting probe, a special soft magnet core, a resonant tube, a laser pointer, an aviation plug and a graduated triangle bracket; the narrow beam transmitting probe and the special soft magnet core are fixed inside the resonant tube and electrically connected with the aviation plug; the laser pointer is fixed above the resonant tube by screws; and the resonant tube and the graduated triangle bracket are fixed by screws.
9. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the soft pulse narrow beam transmitted by the external beam module directly irradiates an underground target, and detects the spatial distribution of an ore vein at multiple points with certain spacing;
and the shape of a moderately to steeply inclined target can be delineated by joint detection of hanging- and footwall.
10. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the airborne module is an independent module, and is used in conjunction with the host system during airborne detection in a larger area; prior to starting an airborne detection operation, the ground take-off sites, the flight routes and altitudes, and the transmission power of the airborne module should be set in accordance with the topography, the coverage of the detection area and the detection depths into the ground.
11. The non-invasive long-range substance detection device based on EFNMR according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the receiving module is an independent module, and is used in conjunction with the host system during both the ground and airborne detection.
The electromagnetic compatibility of a target filtering device in the receiving module is achieved by a monopole method or a dipole method.
Claims (11)
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