NL2026362B1 - Parallel chain-based transaction method and blockchain system - Google Patents
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Abstract
This application provides a parallel chain-based transaction method and blockchain system. In actual applications, a transaction node first initiates a query transaction to a public chain through bridging of a parallel chain, so that the public chain queries a transaction target chain and then returns a query result to the transaction node. After receiving a transaction condition, the transaction node initiates a service transaction to the public chain through the parallel chain. The parallel chain synchronously converts the service transaction and transmits the same to the public chain, so that the public chain continues to transmit the service transaction to the transaction target chain. The transaction target chain further sends corresponding service content to the public chain, and the public chain transmits the service content to the transaction node, so that the transaction node obtains a result of the transaction. According to the method, through bridging of the parallel chain, a transaction in a transaction initiating chain is transmitted to the transaction target chain through the public chain, to achieve a cross-chain transaction, thus solving a problem that a conventional transaction method does not support a cross-chain transaction.
Description
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of blockchain, and in particular, to a parallel chain-based transaction method and blockchain system.
[0002]
[0003] A blockchain technology is decentralized system thinking, and can create a relatively objective non-repudiation digital environment in a well-known manner. The blockchain technology may make sure that network information cannot be modified once being published. For example, if a transaction occurs in a blockchain network, a node in the blockchain network may record content of the transaction in a generated block, and broadcast block data in a whole network; and other nodes in the network store the block data synchronously or asynchronously, to form a blockchain that cannot be modified.
[0004] The transaction should be understood in a broad sense, does not refer to a conventional “commodity sale” or “objective exchange”, but refers to a type of or certain data operation content or operation result in the blockchain network. For example, if a blockchain node A in the network initiates a query request a for performance of a communication device with certain model, the query request a is a transaction for a blockchain node B that is responsible for a query service. Similarly, sending, by the node B, a queried performance table b of the communication device with this model to the node A is also a transaction. As transaction information, information A and a and information B and b may be written into a data block of the blockchain.
[000%] Existing blockchain-based transaction methods may be limited within a same blockchain network only, that is, most are for transactions between nodes in the blockchain network. Moreover, for each type of blockchain network, a unique virtual currency serves as a transaction medium. For example, a bitcoin-based transaction method is suitable for a bitcoin blockchain network only, and uses bitcoin as a virtual currency for transactions; and a Ethereum-based transaction method is suitable for a Ethereum blockchain network only, and uses ethercoin as a virtual currency for transactions. With development of the blockchain network technology, more blockchain networks, such as an industry chain, a federated chain, and a private chain are established, to implement actual applications in a particular field.
[0006] In view of the above, the existing blockchain networks are independent from each other, and no effective mechanisms are unified between different chains to communicate and interact. However, due to application scenarios, each type of blockchain may provide different capability sets. Endogeneity of the blockchain network decides that interconnecting cannot be performed between capability sets provided by different chains. Thus, data and application islanding effects are caused, and applications of the blockchain-based transaction methods are limited.
[0007] This application provides a parallel chain-based transaction method and blockchain system, to solve a problem that a conventional transaction method does not support a cross-chain transaction, and limits applications of a blockchain-based transaction method.
[0008] According to one aspect, this application provides a parallel chain-based transaction method, including:
[0009] initiating a query transaction to a public chain by a transaction initiating chain through an initiating parallel chain;
[0010] querying, by the public chain, a transaction target chain in a public chain network according to the query transaction, and sending a query result to the transaction initiating chain, wherein the query result includes a transaction manner, address information, and a transaction condition of the transaction target chain;
[0011] creating a service transaction by the transaction initiating chain according to the query result;
[0012] synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service transaction to conform to a canonical form of the public chain, and initiating the service transaction to the public chain;
[0013] forwarding, by the public chain, the service transaction to the transaction target chain according to the address information, and transmitting service content returned by the transaction target chain to the initiating parallel chain; and
[0014] synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service content to conform to a canonical form of the transaction initiating chain, and sending the service content to the transaction initiating chain.
[0015] Optionally, the step of the synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service transaction to conform to a canonical form of the public chain, and initiating the service transaction to the public chain further includes:
[0016] receiving the service transaction and verifying and storing the service transaction by a parallel-chain node, to generate integral blockchain data conforming to the canonical form of the transaction initiating chain;
[0017] performing a format conversion to the service transaction by the parallel-chain node, to generate a service transaction conforming to the canonical form the public chain; and
[0018] broadcasting the service transaction to a public-chain node by the parallel-chain node.
[0019] Optionally, the step of the querying, by the public chain, a transaction target chain in a public chain network according to the query transaction, and sending a query result to the transaction initiating chain includes:
[0020] extracting a service type in the query transaction by the public chain;
[0021] traversing in the public chain network, by the public chain according to the service type, a blockchain network conforming to the service type, to determine the transaction target chain and obtain address information corresponding to the transaction target chain;
[0022] initiating, by the public chain, a triggering transaction to a transaction target chain conforming to the service type; and
[0023] generating, by the transaction target chain, a transaction condition according to the triggering transaction, and sending the transaction condition to the public chain, wherein the transaction condition includes a token amount designated by a current transaction.
[0024] Optionally, if the transaction target chain accesses the public chain through a target parallel chain, the step of the generating, by the transaction target chain, a transaction condition according to the triggering transaction, and sending the transaction condition to the public chain further includes:
[0025] receiving the triggering transaction and synchronously converting the triggering transaction to conform to a canonical form of the transaction target chain by the target parallel chain;
[0026] forwarding the triggering transaction to the transaction target chain by the target parallel chain, and allocating the triggering transaction to a service node by the transaction target chain;
[0027] generating, by the service node, the transaction condition according to the triggering transaction, and feeding the transaction condition back to the target parallel chain; and
[0028] synchronously converting, by the target parallel chain, the transaction condition to conform to the canonical form of the public chain, and sending the converted transaction condition to the public chain.
[0029] Optionally, the step of the querying, by the public chain, a transaction target chain in a public chain network according to the query transaction, and sending a query result to the transaction initiating chain further includes:
[0030] extracting, by the public chain, a token amount in the transaction condition and designated by a current transaction;
[0031] determining, by the public chain, whether a token balance owned by a transaction node meets the token amount;
[0032] if the token balance owned by the transaction node meets the token amount, sending the query result to the initiating parallel chain; and
[0033] if the token balance owned by the transaction node does not meet the token amount, canceling, by the public chain, sending the query result to the initiating parallel chain, and sending prompt information to the transaction node.
[0034] Optionally, if the token balance owned by the transaction node does not meet the token amount, the method further includes:
[0035] querying, by the public chain according to the query transaction, a transaction target chain in the public chain network again;
[0036] comparing token amounts designated by the queried transaction target chains one by one, and determining a transaction target chain with a smallest designated transaction token amount as a preferred transaction target chain; and
[0037] sending address information and a transaction condition of the preferred transaction target chain to the initiating parallel chain.
[0038] Optionally, the step of the synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service transaction to conform to a canonical form of the public chain, and initiating the service transaction to the public chain includes:
[0039] converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the transaction condition to 5 conform to the canonical form of the transaction initiating chain, and sending the converted transaction condition to a transaction node in the transaction initiating chain;
[0040] determining, by the transaction node, whether to accept the transaction condition; and
[0041] after the transaction node accepts the transaction condition, initiating the service transaction to the public chain by the transaction node through the initiating parallel chain.
[0042] Optionally, the step of the synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service content to conform to a canonical form of the transaction initiating chain, and sending the service content to the transaction initiating chain includes:
[0043] extracting a transaction parameter in the service content by the initiating parallel chain;
[0044] creating notification information by the initiating parallel chain according to the extracted parameter; and
[0045] sending, by the initiating parallel chain, the notification information to a transaction node in the transaction initiating chain, to notify a final transaction result.
[0046] Optionally, the service transaction includes transferring, by the transaction initiating chain through the public chain network, public-chain tokens with an amount designated by the transaction condition to the transaction target chain; and the step of the forwarding, by the public chain, the service transaction to the transaction target chain according to the address information, and transmitting service content returned by the transaction target chain to the initiating parallel chain includes:
[0047] locking, by the public chain, tokens paid by the transaction initiating chain, and initiating a request transaction to the transaction target chain according to the service transaction;
[0048] providing a returned transaction for the public chain by the transaction target chain according to the request transaction;
[0049] verifying the returned transaction by the public chain, and releasing a locking state of the transferred tokens if the returned transaction is consistent with the service transaction; and
[0050] transferring, by the public chain, the tokens paid by the transaction initiating chain to the transaction target chain, and transmitting the service content to the transaction initiating chain.
[0051] According to another aspect, this application further provides a parallel chain-based blockchain system, including: a transaction initiating chain, a parallel chain, a public chain, and a transaction target chain, wherein the parallel chain is composed of some nodes in a public chain network; the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain are connected to the public chain through the parallel chain;
[0052] the transaction initiating chain is configured to: initiate a query transaction to the public chain through the parallel chain; and create a service transaction according to a query result of the public chain;
[0053] the public chain is configured to: query the transaction target chain in the public chain network according to the query transaction, and send the query result to the parallel chain, wherein the query result includes address information and a transaction condition of the transaction target chain;
[0054] the parallel chain is configured to: synchronously convert the service transaction, and initiate the service transaction to the public chain; and convert service content, and send the service content to the transaction initiating chain;
[0055] the public chain is further configured to: forward the service transaction to the transaction target chain according to the address information, and transmit the service content returned by the transaction target chain to the initiating parallel chain; and
[0056] the transaction target chain is configured to: return the service content to the public chain according to the service transaction.
[0057] It may be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that this application provides a parallel chain-based transaction method and blockchain system.
According to this method, in actual applications, the transaction node first initiates the query transaction to the public chain through bridging of the parallel chain, so that the public chain queries the transaction target chain and then returns the query result to the transaction node through the parallel chain. After receiving the transaction condition, the transaction node further initiates the service transaction to the public chain through the parallel chain. The parallel chain synchronously converts the service transaction and transmits the same to the public chain, so that the public chain continues to transmit the service transaction to the transaction target chain. The transaction target chain further sends the corresponding service content to the public chain, and the public chain transmits the service content to the parallel chain. The parallel chain synchronously converts the service content and sends the same to the transaction node, so that the transaction node obtains a result of the transaction. According to the method, through bridging of the parallel chain, a transaction in the transaction initiating chain is transmitted to the transaction target chain through the public chain, to achieve a cross-chain transaction, thus solving a problem that a conventional transaction method does not support a cross-chain transaction.
[0058] To more clearly describe the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings to be used in the embodiments are briefly illustrated below. Obviously, persons of ordinary Skills in the art can also derive other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings without creative work.
[0059] FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a parallel chain-based transaction method according to this application;
[0060] FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a query transaction according to this application;
[0061] FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of verifying a token amount of a transaction node by a public chain according to this application;
[0082] FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart that a token balance of a transaction node does not meet a token amount according to this application;
[0063] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of synchronously converting block data by a parallel-chain node according to this application;
[0064] FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of returning a transaction condition by an initiating parallel chain according to this application;
[0065] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of triggering a transaction target chain by a public chain to generate a transaction condition according to this application;
[0066] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of locking a payment by a public chain according to this application;
[0067] FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of generating notification information by an initiating parallel chain according to this application; and
[0068] FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel chain-based blockchain system according to this application.
[0069] Embodiments are described below in detail, and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the descriptions below relate to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise stated, same numbers in different accompanying drawings indicate same or similar elements. Implementations described in the following embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with this application. Merely examples of a system and a method that are described in detail in the claims and consistent with some aspects of this application are provided.
[0070] In technical solutions provided in this application, a blockchain network refers to a peer-to-peer (P2P) network that has a decentralized application architecture. The blockchain network can perform distributed storage, public consensus, digital encryption, transaction accounting, and verifications. In other words, the blockchain network is a transaction platform that covers a distributed technology, the cryptography, a P2P network architecture, and various consensus algorithms that may be applied. A blockchain or blockchain information refers to accounting information generated based on transaction information when a transaction occurs in the blockchain network. In other words, a plurality of specific transactions form one block, and a plurality of blocks form one ordered blockchain. The blockchain network includes nodes that establish peer-to-peer network connections with each other. Each node is configured with a corresponding consensus mechanism, such as a smart contract; and has a sufficient operation capability, to perform a transaction verification and an accounting process. Interface specifications conforming to a certain agreed standard are further provided on the nodes, so that more nodes or other types of blockchain networks are accessed through the interface specifications.
[0071] In this application, referred public chain, transaction initiating chain, transaction target chain, and parallel chain all refer to different blockchain networks that conform to a blockchain technology. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the public chain, the transaction initiating chain, the transaction target chain, and the parallel chain all refer to corresponding networks, in other words, a public chain network, a transaction initiating chain network, a transaction target chain network, and a parallel chain network. In the technical solutions provided in this application, the public chain network serves as a basic platform configured in a whole network, and a node interface thereof accesses a plurality of blockchain networks, such as an industry chain, a federated chain, and a private chain that are established based on an interface specification of the public chain. Each blockchain network may serve as a development platform, and provide corresponding services for interior of the network. Standard interface and manner are defined and specified for the public chain, thus facilitating a network interconnection with other blockchains, such as the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain. In this application, the public chain is capable of supporting cross-chain transaction as an intermediary, and further is capable of providing decentralized applications and a smart contract.
[0072] The transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain refer to blockchains accessing the public chain network. To be specific, in this application, the public chain provides a basic platform, and the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, serving as accessing networks, have respective functions and services. The transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain may be blockchain networks that are established based on standards and interface specifications of the public chain network. In other words, the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain may directly perform communication and service interconnection with the public chain network. The transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain may also be networks that are independent from each other, such as bitcoins or Ethereum in the existing blockchain network, or an industry chain and a federated chain developed in some industries, or even a private chain established for satisfying certain service requirement. These existing blockchain, industry chain, federated chain, and private chain generally cannot directly transact with each other or even cannot transact with the public chain network. Therefore, in this application, the public chain may be connected to another network through the parallel chain.
[0073] The parallel chain may be composed of some nodes in the public chain network; and through the parallel chain, bridging may be performed between the public chain and another network to which transactions cannot be directly performed. In this application, for a network to which transactions cannot be directly performed, each blockchain network corresponds to a parallel chain. The parallel chain is configured to have complete functions of the corresponding blockchain network, can synchronously convert the transaction in the blockchain network, and transmit the same to the public chain network. Therefore, in the technical solutions provided in this application, the parallel chain may be determined as a mirror image of the corresponding blockchain network. Moreover, for ease of description, the corresponding blockchain network is referred to as a parent chain. In this application, the parallel chain is composed of some nodes in the public chain network, and these nodes are also nodes in the parent chain, so as to transmit transaction information.
[0074] On the basis of the foregoing components, in actual applications, the public chain may provide cross-chain relaying, to complete a transaction verification, data proof, asset transfer, implementations of smart contract, and other work. The public chain unifies external interface specifications, so that other blockchain networks may quickly access the public chain network. The public chain further provides basic blockchain platform capabilities of quickly completing solution deployment and verifications, and completing a distributed storage process and an accounting process in the public chain network. In addition, as a basic platform, the public chain may further provide a public development function, so as to complete collaborative development and deployment of a plurality of smart contracts of the parallel chain at one time.
[0075] In addition to recording own blockchain information, the public chain may further be configured to store information digest, that is, transaction digest, of a corresponding cross-chain transaction, and record relevant content of the cross-chain transaction through formatted transaction data. Meanwhile, to occupy less distributed storage space on the public chain, when recording some information, the public chain may further record information about a third-party blockchain through a particular compression algorithm. For example, block data formed and stored in the public chain may include the following content: a block identifier (such as a sequence number, a time stamp, a block hash value, and a previous block hash value), block attribution (that is, a block generator), other block information (such as a random value, a difficulty value, and additional information), block weight, information digest (such as a transaction tree, a state tree, a receipt tree, and a data tree), transaction fees, rewards, sizes, and the like.
[0076] Refer to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a parallel chain-based transaction method according to this application. It may be learned from FIG. 1 that the transaction method provided in this application includes the following steps.
[0077] S1: A transaction initiating chain initiates a query transaction to a public chain through an initiating parallel chain.
[0078] In a technical solution provided in this application, an operation of initiating the query transaction by the transaction initiating chain is completed by one or more nodes in the transaction initiating chain. To be specific, in this application, a node that is in the transaction initiating chain and initiates a transaction is referred to as a transaction node. The transaction node, as a network node, may be a terminal device having data processing and operation capabilities, such as a computer, a server, and the like. According to own service requirements, the transaction node may create a service transaction and a query transaction. The query transaction needs to include information about service type required by the transaction, so as to determine a transaction target chain or a service node in the transaction target chain that can provide the service. In addition, the query transaction may further carry other additional query information, such as an acceptable transaction condition, a location range of the transaction target chain, and the like.
[0079] In this application, the query transaction basically does not relate to a corresponding specific transaction, such as token transferring, transmission of transaction result data, and the like. Therefore, the node in the transaction initiating chain may initiate two types of query transactions, one type of which is sending data information only. To be specific, service content required by the transaction node is transmitted in an information data transmission manner, so that when the query transaction is sent to a public chain network, the transmitted information data can be directly identified by the public chain. Therefore, in this case, the initiating parallel chain only needs to forward the information data corresponding to the query transaction to the node in the public chain network. Such a query transaction manner has a simplest data transmitting process and highest transmitting efficiency.
[0080] A second manner for the node in the transaction initiating chain to initiate the query transaction is that the transaction node generates a transaction in a designated form according to a canonical form of a blockchain transaction of the transaction initiating chain. To be specific, the query transaction is a special transaction, and a transaction form thereof is same to that of a normal transaction in the transaction initiating chain. However, a specific transaction manner needs to be specially agreed, for example, a transaction carrying information about a smart contract of the query transaction, or a transaction of which an amount of tokens agreed to be transferred is O. The transaction node generates a query transaction according to actual transaction requirements, specifically expressed as creating and broadcasting a query transaction, generating block data including the transaction by a verification node, and broadcasting the block data in the transaction initiating chain to form an integral blockchain. After the block data is further broadcasted to a node in the initiating parallel chain, the node in the initiating parallel chain in one aspect verifies and stores the block data to form a blockchain, and in another aspect further synchronously converts the block data to form a transaction conforming to a canonical form of the public chain, and broadcasts the same to a node in the public chain network. Subsequently, the transaction is packed by a maintenance node in the public chain to enter new block data. By initiating a query transaction in such a manner, a cross-chain transaction may be performed between the transaction initiating chain and the public chain. Moreover, after the query transaction is initiated, a certain amount of tokens carried therewith may serve as query awards of the public chain. Therefore, more nodes in the public chain may be invoked to participate in a query transaction process, thus improving transaction verification and result query efficiencies.
[0081] In addition, in the technical solution provided in this application, generally there manly are two types of transactions, that is, token exchange and information service, required to be performed by the transaction node. The token exchange refers to exchanging one type of tokens for another type of tokens in equal value. The information service refers to a transaction process in which the transaction initiating chain transfers a certain amount of tokens to a certain transaction target chain, and the transaction target chain sends corresponding information data to the transaction initiating chain.
[0082] In this embodiment of this application, the token exchange is first used as an example. There are five blockchain networks, which respectively are blockchain networks A-E that access a public chain network P. A network B includes 100 nodes which are respectively marked as BO001 to B100. In actual applications, if a node B25 in the network B needs to exchange for tokens Ta in equal value through 100 tokens Tb, the node B25 serves as a transaction node, creates a query transaction according to requirements, and forms block data BC25. A service type included in the query transaction is token exchange. The node B25 may first broadcast the query transaction in the network B, in other words, broadcast the block data BC25 to other nodes, such as B24 and B26, by transmitting between nodes. Other nodes in the network B store the block data BC25 of the query transaction in a distributed manner, thus completing accounting.
[0083] When the block data BC25 is broadcasted to a parallel-chain node RO1, the parallel-chain node R01 first performs a verification process and a storage process in same forms as those of other nodes in the transaction initiating chain, to generate an integral blockchain used for accounting; and then synchronously converts the block data BC25, such as extracting transaction information, converting a transaction format, or writing the transaction information into new block data according to a block data template of the public chain, to generate block data GBC25 conforming to the canonical form of the public chain. The parallel-chain node R01 further broadcasts the block data GBC25 in the public chain, to generate a blockchain conforming to the canonical form of the public chain.
[0084] S2: The public chain queries a transaction target chain in a public chain network according to the query transaction, and sends a query result to the transaction initiating chain, wherein the query result includes a transaction manner, address information, and a transaction condition of the transaction target chain.
[0085] In the technical solutions provided in this application, after receiving the query transaction initiated by the transaction initiating chain, the public chain extracts information about service type in the query transaction, and queries in the public chain network according to the information about the service type, to find a blockchain network that can provide a service corresponding to the information about the service type to serve as the transaction target chain. Similarly, the network that serves as the transaction target chain also includes a plurality of nodes. In other words, the transaction target chain is composed of a plurality of nodes. Therefore, in the transaction target chain, there may be one or more nodes that can provide services. In the technical solutions provided in this application, a result queried by the public chain may be a transaction target chain, or may be a node that is in the transaction target chain and can provide a service. In the technical solutions provided in this application, it is preferred that the result queried by the public chain is a manner of querying a transaction target chain, so as to quickly determine the transaction target chain, thus avoiding a case in which the transaction target chain does not support to be queried by the public chain.
[0086] Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the step of querying, by the public chain, the transaction target chain in the public chain network according to the query transaction, and sending the query result to the transaction initiating chain includes the following steps.
[0087] S201: The public chain extracts a service type in the query transaction.
[0088] S202: The public chain traverses, in the public chain network according to the service type, a blockchain network conforming to the service type, to determine the transaction target chain and obtain address information corresponding to the transaction target chain.
[0089] S203: The public chain initiates a triggering transaction to a transaction target chain conforming to the service type.
[0090] S204: The transaction target chain generates a transaction condition according to the triggering transaction, and sends the transaction condition to the public chain, wherein the transaction condition includes a token amount designated by a current transaction.
[0091] In this embodiment, querying the transaction target chain in the public chain network may be completed through a smart contract configured in the public chain, or may be completed through a decentralized application in the public chain network. A specific query process may include querying in information about an accessing blockchain network stored in the public chain network. According to such a query manner, the public chain is required to communicate through an accessing node when being accessed with a blockchain network, to obtain information registered by the accessing blockchain network. The registered information may include: a service type that can be provided, a type of tokens that can be exchanged, a transaction manner, a transaction condition, and the like. A program in the public chain correspondingly stores the registered information and corresponding network addresses, and broadcasts the same in a whole network.
[0092] The query process may also be completed according to the following manner. To be specific, after receiving the query transaction, the public chain broadcasts a transaction for providing a service in the whole network once. After receiving the transaction for providing a service, the blockchain network accessing the public chain may correspondingly reply for the transaction. Replied information may include the transaction condition and the transaction manner. The public chain selects a blockchain network that replies earliest as the transaction target chain, or determines a most suitable (such as, requiring a smallest required token amount, or having the best circulation of transaction tokens) transaction target chain for the transaction condition.
[0093] After querying the transaction target chain, the public chain may obtain the address information, the transaction manner, the transaction condition, and other information of the transaction target chain, to serve as the query result. Obviously, the public chain may obtain the foregoing information from the registered information stored in the public chain, or the information may also be provided by the transaction target chain by means of forwarding the query transaction to the transaction target chain. To improve query efficiency, in this application, it is preferred to obtain the foregoing information by means of the registered information stored in the public chain. After obtaining the information of the transaction target chain, the public chain may send the obtained information of the transaction target chain to the transaction initiating chain, so that the transaction initiating chain determines whether to perform a transaction with the transaction target chain according to the information of the transaction target chain.
[0094] In the technical solutions provided in this application, an address of the transaction target chain is an address thereof registered in the public chain network, or an address of a node for providing an interface when the transaction target chain accesses the public chain. The transaction manner is transaction time set by the transaction target chain, a format (template) of blockchain information, a type of tokens supporting transactions, and the like. The transaction condition may not only include a designated amount of tokens to be charged for providing a service, but may also include requirements on qualification of the transaction initiating chain, such as requirements on an amount of tokens owned by the transaction initiating chain, scoring for a reputation of the transaction initiating chain, and the like.
[0095] Using the foregoing token exchanging transaction as an example, if a public chain P extracts service content of exchanging tokens Tb for tokens Ta after receiving the query transaction, the public chain searches in the public chain network the blockchain network A that can provide an exchange of the tokens Ta to serve as the transaction target chain. Subsequently, the public chain obtains address information of the network A, and a transaction condition required by the network A, for example, requiring the transaction node to have at least 1,000 tokens Tb or whether a transaction manner supported by the network A can directly exchange the tokens Tb for the tokens Ta. The public chain packs the information and sends the same to a transaction node B25 as a query result. It should be noted that because the query result is transmitted between the public chain and the transaction initiating chain, to improve transaction efficiency, the query result may be directly sent to the transaction node in a data transmission manner.
[0096] In some embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 3, the step of querying, by the public chain, the transaction target chain in the public chain network according to the query transaction, and sending the query result to the transaction initiating chain further includes the following steps.
[0097] S211: The public chain extracts a token amount in the transaction condition and designated by a current transaction.
[0098] S212: The public chain determines whether a token balance owned by a transaction node meets the token amount.
[0099] S213: If the token balance owned by the transaction node meets the token amount, the query result is sent to the initiating parallel chain.
[00100] S214: If the token balance owned by the transaction node does not meet the token amount, the public chain cancels sending the query result to the initiating parallel chain, and sends prompt information to the transaction node.
[00101] It may be learned from the foregoing steps that in this embodiment, qualification of the transaction initiating chain may be verified by the public chain, to determine, through the token balance, whether the transaction initiating chain is capable of completing the service transaction. If the token balance owned by the transaction node meets the token amount, the query result is further sent to the initiating parallel chain. Or otherwise, it is determined that the transaction initiating chain does not have the token amount for completing the transaction, in this case the public chain may cancel sending the query result to the initiating parallel chain, and send prompt information, such as “Your token balance is insufficient, transaction cannot be completed” to the transaction node. In addition, for a case of insufficient balance, other transaction target chains may also be searched in the public chain, to find a transaction target chain conforming to the token balance. To be specific, as shown in FIG. 4, if the token balance owned by the transaction node does not meet the token amount, the method further includes the following steps.
[00102] S215: The public chain queries a transaction target chain in the public chain network according to the query transaction again.
[00103] S216: Token amounts designated by the queried transaction target chains are compared one by one, and a transaction target chain with a smallest designated transaction token amount is determined as a preferred transaction target chain.
[00104] S217: Address information and a transaction condition of the preferred transaction target chain are sent to the initiating parallel chain.
[00105] In this embodiment, when relatively more blockchain networks access the public chain, for a same query transaction, there may be a plurality of blockchains that may complete the transaction. Therefore, a transaction target chain whose transaction condition, for example, a transaction condition of requiring a smallest amount of tokens to be transferred, is easiest achieved may be determined in all blockchain networks accessing the public chain through a public-chain node according to the service type, so as to make sure that the transaction initiating chain can successfully complete the cross-chain transaction.
[001086] S3: The transaction initiating chain creates a service transaction according to the query result.
[00107] In the technical solutions provided in this application, after receiving the query result returned by the public chain, the transaction initiating chain may analyze the query result, and extract the transaction manner and the transaction condition in the query result. For the transaction manner, the transaction initiating chain may determine whether to support the transaction manner provided by the transaction target chain; and for the transaction condition, the transaction initiating chain may automatically or manually determine whether the transaction condition proposed by the transaction target chain can be accepted. If the transaction condition can be accepted and the corresponding transaction manner can be supported, the transaction initiating chain may initiate a service transaction meeting the transaction condition to the public chain according to the designated transaction manner.
[60108] S4: The initiating parallel chain synchronously converts the service transaction to conform to the canonical form of the public chain, and initiates the service transaction to the public chain.
[00109] After creating the service transaction, the transaction initiating chain may send the service transaction to the initiating parallel chain, to initiate the service transaction to the public chain through the initiating parallel chain. It is specifically included that: the transaction initiating chain creates a transferring transaction, and forwards the transferring transaction to the public chain through the parallel-chain node, to trigger execution of a contract. The transferring transaction includes an amount of designated transaction tokens paid to the transaction target chain. In steps S3 and S4, the manner of forwarding the transferring transaction (the service transaction) through the initiating parallel chain is basically same to that in step S1. However, an actual transaction occurs in step S3, in other words, a predetermined amount of tokens are transferred. Therefore, in steps S3 and S4, the parallel-chain node can merely complete the synchronous conversion by means of transmitting a transaction.
[00110] To be specific, as shown in FIG. 5, in some embodiments of this application, the step of synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service transaction to conform to the canonical form of the public chain, and initiating the service transaction to the public chain further includes the following steps.
[90111] S401: The parallel-chain node receives the service transaction, and verifies and stores the service transaction, to generate integral blockchain data conforming to a canonical form of the transaction initiating chain.
[00112] S402: The parallel-chain node performs a format conversion to the service transaction, to generate a service transaction conforming to the canonical form of the public chain.
[00113] S403: The parallel-chain node broadcasts the service transaction to the public-chain node.
[00114] For example, after the maintenance node in the public chain network P returns the query result to the transaction node B25, the transaction node B25 verifies the transaction condition and the transaction manner in the returned query result, to determine in one aspect whether the transaction satisfies a requirement, in other words, whether the transaction can satisfy a request for a token exchanging service of the B25, and determine in another aspect whether the transaction condition can be accepted, for example, whether a token exchanging rate required by a transaction target chain A is acceptable. The foregoing verification process may be automatically determined through the node B25, or whether to accept the transaction condition may be actively selected. In addition, verification to the returned query result may further include whether the transaction node B25 can transact according to a transaction manner designated by the transaction target chain A.
[00115] If the transaction node B25 accepts the transaction condition, and can transact according to the transaction manner designated by the transaction target chain A, the transaction node B25 initiates a formal service transaction. The transaction node broadcasts the service transaction in the transaction initiating chain, in other words, creates block data BF25 including the service transaction. The block data BF25 includes 100 tokens Tb to be transferred. After receiving the service transaction, the parallel-chain node R01 converts the service transaction to conform to the canonical form of the public chain, generates block data GBF25, and broadcasts the converted service transaction in the public chain network. The node in the public chain forms a blockchain for accounting after receiving the service transaction, and receives 100 tokens Tb that are transferred from the transaction node.
[00116] Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the step of synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service transaction to conform to the canonical form of the public chain, and initiating the service transaction to the public chain further includes the following steps.
[00117] S411: The initiating parallel chain converts the transaction condition to conform to the canonical form of the transaction initiating chain, and sends the converted transaction condition to a transaction node in the transaction initiating chain.
[00118] S412: The transaction node determines whether to accept the transaction condition.
[00119] S413. After accepting the transaction condition, the transaction node initiates the service transaction to the public chain through the initiating parallel chain.
[00120] In this embodiment, due to specificity of applications, some existing blockchain networks cannot directly transmit information to the public chain. Therefore, the transaction condition may also be further sent to the transaction node in a form of a transaction by the public chain through bridging of the parallel chain, so that the transaction node can determine whether to accept the transaction condition.
[00121] It should be noted that in this cross-chain transaction, the maintenance node in the public chain network takes corresponding query and storage operations, and further participates in other operations, such as transmission, value transformation, accounting, and the like in a subsequent transaction process. Therefore, when the transaction node B25 initiates the formal service transaction to the public chain, a particular amount of public-chain tokens further need to be transferred to the public chain network to serve as awards of the maintenance node in the public chain.
[00122] S5: The public chain forwards the service transaction to the transaction target chain according to the address information, and transmits service content returned by the transaction target chain to the initiating parallel chain.
[00123] In the technical solutions provided in this application, the service transaction sent to the public chain by the transaction initiating chain may not be processed in the public chain, and the service transaction is merely transmitted to the transaction target chain by the public chain network, on the premise that a cross-chain transaction can be directly performed between the public chain and the transaction target chain. A main process of the above operation includes that the public chain may extract the address information of the transaction target chain in the service transaction, obtain a location of the transaction target chain, and then send the service transaction to the transaction target chain according to the address of the transaction target chain. In addition, the public chain may also simply verify the service transaction sent by the transaction initiating chain, to avoid a data transmission error.
[00124] For example, after receiving the service transaction initiated by the transaction node B25, the maintenance node in the public chain network P verifies the 100 tokens Tb that are transferred from the transaction node, forms block data conforming to a transaction form of the public chain for the service transaction, broadcasts the formed block data in the public chain network, and then transfers the 100 tokens Tb to a Tb account corresponding to the network A.
[00125] Because transmission of the service transaction is completed based on the public chain, to achieve non-repudiation transaction effect, the public chain needs to perform a distributed storage in the public chain network when transmitting the service transaction, in other words, perform accounting in the public chain network. Therefore, when the public chain transmits the service transaction, this is also a transaction occurring in the public chain network. In actual applications, different types of tokens circulate in different blockchain networks, but generally the different types of tokens cannot be directly used for transactions. Therefore, in the technical solutions provided in this application, in a process in which the public chain transmits the service transaction to the transaction target chain, the public chain may first locks the tokens paid by the transaction initiating chain, and then transfers public-chain tokens in equal value to the transaction target chain, to trigger the transaction target chain to return the service content.
[00126] In actual applications, it is also possible that no direct transaction occurs between the public chain and the transaction target chain. For such an application scenario, the service transaction may be transmitted through a target parallel chain between the public chain and the transaction target chain. In other words, in some embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 7, if the transaction target chain accesses the public chain through the target parallel chain, the step of generating, by the transaction target chain, the transaction condition according to the triggering transaction, and sending the transaction condition to the public chain further includes the following steps.
[00127] S501: The target parallel chain receives the triggering transaction and synchronously converts the triggering transaction to conform to a canonical form of the transaction target chain.
[00128] S502: The target parallel chain forwards the triggering transaction to the transaction target chain, and the transaction target chain allocates the triggering transaction to a service node.
[00129] S503: The service node generates the transaction condition according to the triggering transaction, and feeds the transaction condition back to the target parallel chain.
[00130] S504: The target parallel chain synchronously converts the transaction condition to conform to the canonical form of the public chain, and sends the converted transaction condition to the public chain.
[00131] It may be learned from the foregoing steps that when the public chain cannot directly transact with the transaction target chain, a specific transaction process in step S5 is that the node in the public chain generates, according to the service transaction, block data P25 for the transaction target chain, and broadcasts the block data P25 in the public chain network, to form a blockchain. The node in the public chain further broadcasts the block data P25 to a target node. After receiving the block data P25, the target node synchronously converts the block data P25 in a manner same to the foregoing conversion principle, to generate block data AP25 conforming to the canonical form of the transaction target chain, and then broadcasts the block data AP25 in the transaction target chain, to generate an integral blockchain in the transaction target chain.
[00132] After receiving the service transaction forwarded by the public chain, the transaction target chain returns the corresponding service content to the public chain network according to the service transaction, so that the public chain network transmits the service content to the transaction initiating chain. After receiving the service transaction transmitted by the public chain, the transaction target chain may first verify the transaction condition, to determine whether the service transaction meets the transaction condition, for example, whether an amount of tokens paid by the service transaction meets an amount of tokens required by the transaction target chain, or whether the transaction initiating chain has a transaction qualification required by the transaction target chain. If the transaction target chain verifies that the transaction condition is qualified, the transaction target chain returns the corresponding service content according to the received service transaction, in other words, provides a corresponding service for the transaction initiating chain.
[00133] In the technical solutions provided in this application, the service content may be specific service content included in a returned transaction, such as a data retrieval report, or another type of exchanged tokens with a designated amount. For the service content in the type of a data retrieval report, a result may be directly returned to the transaction node by the service node, and for the service content in the type of an exchanged token, the service content may be first bridged to the public chain from the transaction target chain in the foregoing synchronous conversion manner of the parallel chain, and then bridged to the transaction initiating chain from the public chain, to finally complete the transaction.
[00134] In actual applications, the service content may further require to establish a connection between the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain, to maintain a long-term service. Moreover, for the service content required to be maintained in a long term, the returned service content may include corresponding network accessing information, a verification code, an account number, and the like. For the service content required to be maintained in a long term, the public chain may not necessarily directly participate in a subsequent data transmission process, but only transmits the corresponding network accessing information, the verification code, the account number, and other information to the transaction initiating chain when the service content is returned, and stores the returned service content in the public chain network in a distributed manner, to complete an accounting process.
[00135] After receiving the service content returned by the transaction target chain, the public chain transmits the service content to the transaction initiating chain by means of relaying. After the public chain forwards the service content to the transaction initiating chain, it is represented that the transaction is completed. For example, in the public chain network P, after 100 tokens Tb are transferred to the Tb account corresponding to the network A, the public chain extracts tokens Ta in equal value from a Ta account corresponding to the network A after the verification of the transaction target chain passes. If an exchange rate is 2:1, the public chain extracts 50 tokens Ta and transfers the same to an account corresponding to the network B, to complete the final service transaction.
[00136] In some embodiments of this application, as shown in FIG. 8, the service transaction includes transferring, by the transaction initiating chain through the public chain network, public-chain tokens with an amount designated by the transaction condition to the transaction target chain. The step of forwarding, by the public chain, the service transaction to the transaction target chain according to the address information,
and transmitting the service content returned by the transaction target chain to the initiating parallel chain includes the following steps.
[00137] S511: The public chain locks tokens paid by the transaction initiating chain, and initiates a request transaction to the transaction target chain according to the service transaction.
[00138] S512: The transaction target chain provides a returned transaction for the public chain according to the request transaction.
[00139] S513: The public chain verifies the returned transaction, and releases a locking state of the transferred tokens if the returned transaction is consistent with the service transaction.
[00140] S514: The public chain transfers the tokens paid by the transaction initiating chain to the transaction target chain, and transmits the service content to the transaction initiating chain.
[00141] In this embodiment, the public chain first locks a transferring transaction, that is, temporarily locks the tokens paid by the transaction initiating chain, and then initiates the request transaction to the transaction target chain according to the transferring transaction. The request transaction is used to trigger the transaction target chain to return the transaction, and the public chain then verifies content of the returned transaction. If the returned transaction is consistent with the transferring transaction, the public chain releases a locking state of the transferring transaction, so that the public chain transfers the tokens paid by the transaction initiating chain to the transaction target chain, and transmits the service content to the transaction initiating chain. By locking the transferring transaction by the public chain, transaction content may be verified in the public chain network, to determine whether the transaction content meets transaction specifications, thus ensuring transaction rights of both parties of the transaction.
[00142] S8: The initiating parallel chain synchronously converts the service content to conform to the canonical form of the transaction initiating chain, and sends the service content to the transaction initiating chain.
[00143] In the technical solutions provided in this application, after the public chain transmits the service content to the initiating parallel chain, if the service content is data information, the data information may be directly sent to the transaction node; and if the service content is a returned transferring transaction, the initiating parallel chain further converts the transferring transaction from the canonical form of the public chain into the canonical form of the transaction initiating chain. After receiving the service content, the transaction node may further verify the service content, to complete the cross-chain transaction.
[00144] Further, as shown in FIG. 9, when the service content includes a transaction parameter, the step of synchronously converting, by the initiating parallel chain, the service content to conform to the canonical form of the transaction initiating chain, and sending the service content to the transaction initiating chain includes the following steps.
[00145] S601: The initiating parallel chain extracts a transaction parameter in the service content.
[00146] S602: The initiating parallel chain creates notification information according to the extracted parameter.
[00147] S603: The initiating parallel chain sends the notification information to the transaction node in the transaction initiating chain, to notify a final transaction result.
[00148] By sending the notification information to the transaction node, the initiating parallel chain notifies the transaction node of the final transaction result. The transaction result may include whether the transaction succeeds, a specific transaction parameter, information about a blockchain corresponding to the transaction information, and the like. The notification information may reduce complexity of data accounting, thus further improving transaction efficiency.
[00149] On the basis of the foregoing transaction method, this application further provides a parallel chain-based blockchain system. As shown in FIG. 10, the blockchain system further includes: a transaction initiating chain, a parallel chain, a public chain, and a transaction target chain, wherein the parallel chain is composed of some nodes in the public chain network; and the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain are connected to the public chain through the parallel chain.
[00150] The transaction initiating chain is configured to: initiate a query transaction to the public chain through the parallel chain; and create a service transaction according to a query result of the public chain.
[00151] The public chain is configured to: query the transaction target chain in the public chain network according to the query transaction, and send the query result to the parallel chain, wherein the query result includes address information and a transaction condition of the transaction target chain. The public chain is further configured to: forward the service transaction to the transaction target chain according to the address information, and transmit service content returned by the transaction target chain to the initiating parallel chain.
[00152] The initiating parallel chain is configured to: synchronously convert the service transaction, and initiate the service transaction to the public chain; and convert the service content, and send the service content to the transaction initiating chain. The transaction target chain is configured to: return the service content to the public chain according to the service transaction.
[00153] In the blockchain system provided in this application, both the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain are a plurality of blockchain networks that access the public chain network. Therefore, any one of the plurality of blockchain networks that access the public chain network may serve as the transaction initiating chain, provided that the blockchain network has a sufficient amount of tokens for triggering a transaction. Similarly, each blockchain network may also serve as the transaction target chain, provided that the blockchain network supports transaction with the external, and can provide specific service content. In other words, in the technical solutions provided in this application, the transaction initiating chain and the transaction target chain are merely for ease of description, and do not limit the blockchain network.
[00154] It should be noted that in this embodiment of this application, solutions are described through the service content of token exchange as an example. Obviously, transaction processes of different forms of service content are same to a transaction process of the token exchange. Only when the transaction node initiates the service transaction, after the transaction node transfers a designated amount of tokens to the public chain (or the transaction target chain), the transaction target chain returns specific transaction content according to the service transaction, for example, returns a query result about performance of a communication device of a certain madel.
[00155] It may be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that this application provides a parallel chain-based transaction method and blockchain system. According to this method, in actual applications, the transaction node first initiates the guery transaction to the public chain through bridging of the parallel chain, so that the public chain queries the transaction target chain, and then returns the query result to the transaction node through the parallel chain. After receiving the transaction condition, the transaction node initiates the service transaction to the public chain through the parallel chain. The parallel chain synchronously converts the service transaction and transmits the same to the public chain, so that the public chain continues to transmit the service transaction to the transaction target chain. The transaction target chain further sends the corresponding service content to the public chain, and the public chain transmits the service content to the parallel chain. The parallel chain synchronously converts the service content and sends the same to the transaction node, so that the transaction node obtains a result of the transaction. According to the method, through bridging of the parallel chain, a transaction in the transaction initiating chain is transmitted to the transaction target chain through the public chain, to achieve a cross-chain transaction, thus solving a problem that a conventional transaction method does not support a cross-chain transaction.
[001586] For similar parts between the embodiments provided in this application, reference may be made to each other. The specific implementations described above are merely some examples under a general concept of this application, and do not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of this application. For a person skilled in the art, any other implementations derived according to the solutions of this application without a creative work all fall into the protection scope of this application.
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