NL2025507B1 - Method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as raw material - Google Patents
Method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material and belongs to the field of extraction and separation of natural plant components. According to the method, after fresh burdock root is subjected to steps and technologies of pretreatment, extraction, separation, concentration and drying, the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is prepared. The burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared in the present invention may reach yield of 25.3% and total sugar content of 97.2% and can serve as a functional component of health products and functional food. The present invention simplifies steps of raw materials of burdock soluble dietary fibers, such as pretreatment, extraction and separation, avoids the use of ethanol and other organic solvents, obviously reduces production cost, and is an energy - saving and efficient preparation method of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder.
Description
TAKING BURDOCK ROOT AS RAW MATERIAL Technical Field The present invention relates to a method for extracting and separating natural components in burdock root, belongs to the technical field of extraction and separation of natural plant components and in particular to a method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material. Background A soluble dietary fiber is also known as a soluble viscous fiber and is a special nutrient. The nature of the soluble dietary fiber is a class of polysaccharides that cannot be digestively absorbed by the human body in carbohydrates. The soluble dietary fiber is soluble to water and capable of absorbing water to swell and may be subjected to glycolysis by microbes in the human intestinal tract. The polysaccharides are often present in plant cell sap and intercellular substances, and mainly include viscose, vegetable gelatin, pectin, and the like. The soluble dietary fiber is capable of stimulating intestinal tract movement of the human body, facilitating excrement discharge, and preventing multiple diseases such as constipation, rectal cancer, hemorrhoids, gallstones, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. The soluble dietary fiber can produce satiety and may serve as diet food for obese patients, and the soluble dietary fiber may further improve human intestinal flora and glucose tolerance of diabetic patients, and may serve as functional food of regulating blood glucose levels of the diabetic patients. Therefore, moderate increase of the soluble dietary fiber level in the diet is very beneficial to the crowd suffering from constipation and obesity and may further prevent multiple diseases such as the rectal cancer, hemorrhoids, gallstones, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. By fully utilizing the soluble dietary fiber, developing health products and functional food enriched in the soluble dietary fiber may achieve a very positive effect of improving the human health level. In recent years, in domestic and foreign health product and functional food markets, products enriched in soluble dietary fibers continuously appear and are all soluble dietary fibers extracted from plants. Burdock is a biannual herb belonging to Arctium in the composite family, is also called
Japanese ginseng, burdock seed and the like, and is a traditional medicinal and edible plant in China.
The planting area of the burdock is wide in Shandong, wherein Zhuangwu Town in Lanling County has the reputation of "Hometown of Burdock in China'. Burdock root products are mainly exported to Japan and South Korea.
Both the burdock roots and seeds can be used as medicine,
are capable of improving body circulation, and particularly have obvious curative effects on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, sexual hypofunction, rheumatism, hepatotoxicity, constipation, and the like.
The burdock root is spindle - shaped and is fleshy and upright.
Skin of the burdock root is black brown, has wrinkles, is yellowish white insides, and the burdock root has a little bitter taste but viscous nature.
In folk, the burdock root serves as a specific health vegetable with effects of defying age, regulating the blood sugar level, and invigorating the kidney and strengthening Yang.
The burdock root is full of nutriments, is a typical high - protein low - fat vegetable, and is enriched in components such as dietary fibers, polyphenols, amino acids, mineral substances, and vitamins.
The burdock root contains lots of available high - quality dietary fibers, particularly the soluble dietary fiber.
The soluble dietary fiber in the burdock root has effects of preventing constipation, colon cancer and heart diseases caused by coronary sclerosis, is capable of lowering serum cholesterol, regulating the blood glucose level of the diabetic patients, improving a food digestion process and preventing obesity and the like caused by overeating, and is an ‘all
- rounder’ of maintaining human gastrointestinal health.
The burdock root is a high - quality plant resource of extracting and preparing the soluble dietary fiber, and burdock soluble dietary fibers with excellent functional characteristics may be obtained.
At present, methods for extracting the burdock soluble dietary fibers mainly include extrusion, chemical methods, microwave treatment and enzyme methods.
Problems that extraction efficiency is low, organic solvents are adopted more or less, the environment is easily polluted and the like commonly exist in the above several extraction methods.
With continuous discovery of nutritive values and medicinal values of the burdock, health products and functional food enriched in the burdock soluble dietary fibers will be continuously favored by people, and development and utilization prospects of the burdock soluble dietary fibers are extremely wide.
Therefore, by taking the burdock root having rich plant resources as raw material, researching and developing a preparation method of the burdock soluble dietary fiber which is simplified in processing steps, high in overall yield of burdock soluble dietary fiber and low in cost and has proprietary intellectual property rights is undoubtedly a research and development job having significances and values.
Summary A purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material.
According to the method, loss of the burdock soluble dietary fiber may be decreased, processing steps are simplified, overall yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is increased, preparation cost of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is decreased, and large - scale industrial production of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is realized.
The present invention adopts technical solutions as follows:
The method for preparing the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking the burdock root as the raw material includes the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh burdock root, boiling the burdock root in boiling water for 5 - 10 minutes, taking out the burdock root, draining off, removing the peel, and cutting the burdock root into diced burdock root of which the length, width and height are all 3 - 8mm;
(2) putting the diced burdock root obtained in the step (1) into a blasting cavity of a steam blasting machine, maintaining the pressure under a steam pressure of 0.5 - 1.5 MPa for 5 - 10 minutes, then automatically opening a blast valve by a control system, rapidly discharging a steam blasting material into a cyclone separator, and collecting a burdock root semisolid obtained by steam blasting;
(3) performing aqueous extraction on the burdock root semisolid obtained in the step (2) and deionized water according to a feed liquid mass ratio of 1 kg:(10 - 20 kg), performing plate - frame pressure filtration after extraction is ended, and performing refined filtration by adopting a micro - filtration membrane having a pore diameter of 0.25 - 0.45 um after pressure filtration is ended,
thereby obtaining an extracting solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber;
(4) filtering and separating the extracting solution obtained in the step (3) by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane, then filtering and separating the solution by adopting a nanofiltration membrane so as to obtain a concentrated solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber, wherein solid material content in the concentrated solution is 1 - 5%;
(5) performing membrane evaporation on the concentrated solution obtained in the step (4) until the solid material content is 20 - 30% so as to obtain a highly concentrated solution; and
(6) performing high - speed centrifugal spray drying on the highly concentrated solution prepared in the step (5), thereby obtaining the final product, that is, the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder.
Preferably, in the step (1), time of boiling the burdock root in the boiling water is 6 - 8 minutes, and the length, width and height of the burdock root are all 4 - 6 mm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the steam pressure is 0.8 - 1.2 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 6 - 9 minutes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the extraction temperature is 65 - 85°C, the extraction time is 1 - 3 hours, and the extraction frequency is 2 - 4 times.
Preferably, in the step (3), an operating pressure of plate - frame pressure filtration is 0.2 -
0.6 MPa, and a feed liquid temperature is 60 - 80°C.
Preferably, in the step (3), when refined filtration is performed by using the micro - filtration membrane, a feed liquid temperature is 20 - 40°C, and an operating pressure is 50 - 250 KPa. Preferably, in the step (4), a molecular weight cut - off of the ultrafiltration membrane is 10,000 - 50,000 Da, a feed liquid temperature is 20 - 40°C, and an operating pressure is 0.1- 0.5 MPa; and a molecular weight cut - off of the nanofiltration membrane is 300 — 800 Da, a feed liquid temperature is 20 - 40°C, and an operating pressure is 0.2 - 0.8 MPa.
Preferably, in the step (5), a vacuum degree of the membrane evaporation operation is 0.05 - 0.08 MPa, and an evaporation surface temperature is 100 - 120°C.
Preferably, in the step (6), during the high - speed centrifugal spray drying, the rotation speed of a centrifugal atomizer is 25,000 - 35,000 rpm, an inlet air temperature is 180 - 190°C, and an outlet air temperature is 80 - 90°C.
According to the present invention, after the fresh burdock root is cleaned, boiled with the boiling water, taken out, drained off, peeled and diced, hemicellulose and cellulose structures of cell walls are directionally destroyed by virtue of steam blasting; the burdock soluble dietary fiber in the semisolid obtained by steam blasting is extracted with deionized water, and the refined filtration is performed by adopting the micro - filtration membrane after the plate - frame pressure filtration so as to obtain the extracting solution; the impurities in the extracting solution such as macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins and the impurities such as small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids are respectively filtered, separated and removed by adopting the ultrafiltration membrane and the nanofiltration membrane, thereby obtaining the concentrated solution enriched in the burdock soluble dietary fiber; the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is further concentrated by membrane evaporation; and the solution is subjected to high - speed centrifugal spray drying so as to obtain the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder.
5 The steam blasting is a hemicellulose and cellulose pretreatment method with rapid development in recent years. The raw material enriched in hemicellulose and cellulose is heated to a certain temperature with steam; after the pressure is maintained for a certain time, sudden pressure relief discharge performs so as to produce secondary steam; steam molecules seeping into tissues of the raw materials instantaneously release; a volume of the raw material rapidly increases under an effect of converting steam internal energy into mechanical energy, and the hemicellulose and cellulose structures in the raw material are destroyed. Therefore, the steam blasting method may be used for directionally destroying the hemicellulose and cellulose structures of the cell walls in the burdock root, so as to increase an extraction ratio of the soluble dietary fiber in the burdock root.
Both ultrafiltration and nanofiltration separation are novel membrane separation unit operations, and may be used for separation, purification, and concentration of natural plant components. The ultrafiltration membrane and the nanofiltration membrane having a certain pore size are respectively adopted during the ultrafiltration and nanofiltration separation operations. When a certain operating pressure is applied to one side of the membrane, natural components in a certain molecular weight range may penetrate or be cut off, and molecular weight cut - off ranges of the ultrafiltration membrane and the nanofiltration membrane are respectively 1,000 - 300,000Da and 200 - 1,000Da. Therefore, the impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution, such as the macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins, may be separated and removed by adopting the ultrafiltration membrane; the soluble dietary fiber in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution may be intercepted by adopting the nanofiltration membrane; impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution, such as small - molecule monosaccharides, amino acids, mineral substances and vitamins, are separated and removed; and the solution may be concentrated so as to obtained the concentrated solution enriched in the burdock soluble dietary fiber. By virtue of an organic composition of the ultrafiltration membrane and the nanofiltration membrane, the concentrated solution enriched in the burdock soluble dietary fiber may be effectively separated, an alcohol precipitation process in the separation process may be avoided, ethanol and other organic solvents are not used, production cost may be obviously decreased, and environmental pollution is obviously reduced. Membrane evaporation is a method for enabling to - be - concentrated liquid to form a membrane so as to rapidly evaporate, that is, under a reduced pressure condition, the to - be - concentrated liquid forms the membrane on an evaporation surface so as to obtain an extremely large vaporization surface area, thereby enabling a solvent in the to - be - concentrated liquid to rapidly evaporate. In the membrane evaporation process, heat transfer is rapid and uniform, an effect of liquid pressure biasing is avoided, and a phenomenon that the to - be - concentrated liquid is overheated may be well avoided. The membrane evaporation has advantages of achieving low heating temperature of the to - be - concentrated liquid, short time, rapid evaporation, continuous operations, shortening of the production cycle, and the like. Therefore, by adopting the membrane evaporation, the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution with appropriate solid content may be obtained by rapid concentration, thereby facilitating the subsequent drying operation process.
High - speed centrifugal spray drying is a novel efficient drying method. According to the method, to - be - dried solutions, emulsion, pasty liquid, and other heat - sensitive materials may be rapidly dried, and dried micro powder having a certain particle size distribution is obtained. In the high - speed centrifugal spray drying process, a to - be - dried material is pumped into a centrifugal atomizer rotating at high speed, spreads into a membrane on a rotation surface under a centrifugal action of the centrifugal atomizer rotating at the high speed, and continuously moves to the edge. While leaving the edge of the centrifugal atomizer, the membrane is atomized into small droplets, and the surface area is obviously increased. Under a heating effect of hot air in a drying tower, water in the droplets rapidly evaporates and is dried to form micro powder particles having a certain particle size distribution. The high - speed centrifugal spray drying method is high in drying speed, generally needs 5 - 20 seconds only, and has the characteristic of instantaneous drying. The to - be - dried material may rapidly finish the drying process in a short time and can keep the characteristics of the materials such as color, aroma and taste; and the drying method is suitable for drying of the heat - sensitive materials. The high - speed centrifugal spray drying method is simple and convenient in production process and applicable to continuous production.
The material may be dried into the micro powder particles at a time. Crushing and screening procedures are not needed. The product is excellent in dispersity, fluidity, and solubility. The particle size of the micro powder particles, a loose degree and moisture content may be regulated in a certain range by changing operating conditions (such as feeding flux, the inlet air temperature, the outlet air temperature, the rotation speed of the atomizer and the like). Therefore, the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution may be dried by adopting the high - speed centrifugal spray drying method, thereby obtaining the dried burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder.
The present invention has beneficial effects as follows: the yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared in the present invention may be 25.3%, the total sugar content may be 97.2%, and the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder may serve as a functional component of the health products and functional food.
The raw material adopted in the process method in the present invention is readily available, and the application range is wide.
By adopting the optimal raw material pretreatment method and dissolving and extracting the burdock soluble dietary fiber with the deionized water, the extraction process steps of the burdock soluble dietary fiber are simplified, and the extraction yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber is obviously increased.
By performing fractional separation with the ultrafiltration membrane and the nanofiltration membrane, the impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as the macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins and the impurities such as the small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids may be efficiently removed, the concentrated solution enriched in the burdock soluble dietary fiber is obtained, use of the ethanol and other organic solvents is avoided, the production cost is obviously decreased, and the purity of the burdock soluble dietary fiber is increased.
After the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is further concentrated by adopting the membrane evaporation, the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is obtained by adopting the high - speed centrifugal spray drying, energy utilization efficiency in the concentrating and drying processes is improved, the production cost is obviously decreased, and the characteristics of the burdock soluble dietary fiber, such as the color, aroma and taste, are efficiently maintained.
Moreover, the concentrating and drying procedures are simplified, and industrial scale - up production is facilitated.
Description of Drawings Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a photo of a burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder product 1 prepared in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a photo of a burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder product 2 prepared in the present invention; Fig. 4 is a gel permeation chromatogram of a burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder product 1 prepared in the present invention; and Fig. 5 is a gel permeation chromatogram of a burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder product 2 prepared in the present invention. Detailed Description The technical solutions in the present invention will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments. However, the embodiments do not form a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 A method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material includes the following steps: (1) weighing 10 kg of fresh burdock roots, cleaning the fresh burdock roots with running water, and removing impurities on surfaces of the burdock roots such as soil; boiling the cleaned burdock roots in boiling water for 5 minutes, taking out the burdock roots, draining off, removing the peel, and cutting the boiled burdock roots into diced burdock roots of which the length, width and height are all 3 mm; (2) putting the diced burdock roots into a blasting cavity of a steam blasting machine, maintaining the pressure under a steam pressure of 0.5 MPa for 10 minutes, automatically opening a blast valve by a control system, rapidly discharging a steam blasting material into a cyclone separator, and collecting burdock root semisolids obtained by steam blasting; (3) extracting burdock soluble dietary fibers in the burdock root semisolids with deionized water, wherein a mass ratio of the burdock root semisolids to the water amount is 1 kg: 20 kg; performing extraction for 4 times for 3.0 hours at an extraction temperature of 65°C; and performing plate - frame pressure filtration, and then performing refined filtration by adopting a micro - filtration membrane so as to obtain an extracting solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fibers, wherein an operating pressure of plate - frame pressure filtration is 0.2 MPa, and a feed liquid temperature is 60°C; and a pore size of the micro - filtration membrane is 0.45 pm, the feed liquid temperature is 40°C, and the operating pressure is 50 KPa;
(4) filtering and separating the extracting solution by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 1,0000 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 20°C, and the operating pressure is 0.5 MPa; then filtering and separating the solution by adopting a nanofiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 300 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids so as to obtain a concentrated solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 20°C, the operating pressure is 0.8 MPa, and solid material content in the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is 1%; (5) further concentrating the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution by membrane evaporation until the solid material content is 20%, wherein a vacuum degree of the membrane evaporation operation is 0.05 MPa, and the temperature of an evaporation surface is 120°C; and (6) performing high - speed centrifugal spray drying on the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution, thereby obtaining the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal atomizer is 25,000 rpm, an inlet air temperature is 190°C, and an outlet air temperature is 90°C.
Finally, mass of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared from the 10 kg of fresh burdock roots (dry matter mass is 1.98 kg) is 500.9 g, the yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is 25.3%, and the total sugar content is 91.6%.
Embodiment 2 A method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material includes the following steps: (1) weighing 10 kg of fresh burdock roots, cleaning the fresh burdock roots with running water, and removing impurities on surfaces of the burdock roots such as soil; boiling the cleaned burdock roots in boiling water for 8 minutes, taking out the burdock roots, draining off, removing the peel, and cutting the boiled burdock roots into diced burdock roots of which the length, width and height are all 6 mm; (2) putting the diced burdock roots into a blasting cavity of a steam blasting machine, maintaining the pressure under a steam pressure of 1 MPa for 8 minutes, automatically opening a blast valve by a control system, rapidly discharging a steam blasting material into a cyclone separator, and collecting burdock root semisolids obtained by steam blasting; (3) extracting burdock soluble dietary fibers in the burdock root semisolids with deionized water, wherein a mass ratio of the burdock root semisolids to the water amount is 1 kg: 15 kg; performing extraction for 3 times for 2.0 hours at an extraction temperature of 75°C; and performing plate - frame pressure filtration, and then performing refined filtration by adopting a micro - filtration membrane so as to obtain an extracting solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fibers, wherein an operating pressure of plate - frame pressure filtration is 0.4 MPa, and a feed liquid temperature is 70°C; and a pore size of the micro - filtration membrane is 0.45 pm, the feed liquid temperature is 30°C, and the operating pressure is 150 KPa; (4) filtering and separating the extracting solution by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 3,0000 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 30°C, and the operating pressure is 0.3 MPa; then filtering and separating the solution by adopting a nanofiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 600 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids so as to obtain a concentrated solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 30°C, the operating pressure is 0.5 MPa, and solid material content in the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is 3%; (5) further concentrating the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution by membrane evaporation until the solid material content is 25%, wherein a vacuum degree of the membrane evaporation operation is 0.06 MPa, and the temperature of an evaporation surface is 110°C; and (6) performing high - speed centrifugal spray drying on the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution, thereby obtaining the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal atomizer is 3,0000 rpm, an inlet air temperature is 185°C, and an outlet air temperature is 85°C.
Finally, mass of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared from the 10 kg of fresh burdock roots (dry matter mass is 1.98 kg) is 445.5 g, the yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is 22.5%, and the total sugar content is 95.6%.
Embodiment 3
A method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material includes the following steps:
(1) weighing 10 kg of fresh burdock roots, cleaning the fresh burdock roots with running water, and removing impurities on surfaces of the burdock roots such as soil; boiling the cleaned burdock roots in boiling water for 10 minutes, taking out the burdock roots, draining off, removing the peel, and cutting the boiled burdock roots into diced burdock roots of which the length, width and height are all 8 mm;
(2) putting the diced burdock roots into a blasting cavity of a steam blasting machine,
maintaining the pressure under a steam pressure of 1.5 MPa for 5 minutes, automatically opening a blast valve by a control system, rapidly discharging a steam blasting material into a cyclone separator, and collecting burdock root semisolids obtained by steam blasting;
(3) extracting burdock soluble dietary fibers in the burdock root semisolids with deionized water, wherein a mass ratio of the burdock root semisolids to the water amount is 1 kg: 10 kg;
performing extraction for 2 times for 1.0 hour at an extraction temperature of 85°C; and performing plate - frame pressure filtration, and then performing refined filtration by adopting a micro - filtration membrane so as to obtain an extracting solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fibers, wherein an operating pressure of plate - frame pressure filtration is 0.6 MPa, and a feed liquid temperature is 80°C; and a pore size of the micro - filtration membrane is 0.35 um, the feed liquid temperature is 40°C, and the operating pressure is 250 KPa;
(4) filtering and separating the extracting solution by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 50,000 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 40°C, and the operating pressure is 0.1 MPa; then filtering and separating the solution by adopting a nanofiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 800 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids so as to obtain a concentrated solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 40°C, the operating pressure is 0.2 MPa, and solid material content in the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is 5%;
(5) further concentrating the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution by membrane evaporation until the solid material content is 30%, wherein a vacuum degree of the membrane evaporation operation is 0.08 MPa, and the temperature of an evaporation surface is 120°C; and (6) performing high - speed centrifugal spray drying on the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution, thereby obtaining the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal atomizer is 35,000 rpm, an inlet air temperature is 180°C, and an outlet air temperature is 80°C.
Finally, mass of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared from the 10 kg of fresh burdock roots (dry matter mass is 1.98 kg) is 425.7 g, the yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is 21.5%, and the total sugar content is 95.8%. Embodiment 4 A method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material includes the following steps:
(1) weighing 10 kg of fresh burdock roots, cleaning the fresh burdock roots with running water, and removing impurities on surfaces of the burdock roots such as soil; boiling the cleaned burdock roots in boiling water for 5 minutes, taking out the burdock roots, draining off, removing the peel, and cutting the boiled burdock roots into diced burdock roots of which the length, width and height are all 6 mm;
(2) putting the diced burdock roots into a blasting cavity of a steam blasting machine, maintaining the pressure under a steam pressure of 0.5 MPa for 8 minutes, automatically opening a blast valve by a control system, rapidly discharging a steam blasting material into a cyclone separator, and collecting burdock root semisolids obtained by steam blasting;
(3) extracting burdock soluble dietary fibers in the burdock root semisolids with deionized water, wherein a mass ratio of the burdock root semisolids to the water amount is 1 kg: 15 kg; performing extraction for 3 times for 3.0 hours at an extraction temperature of 65°C; and performing plate - frame pressure filtration, and then performing refined filtration by adopting a micro - filtration membrane so as to obtain an extracting solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fibers, wherein an operating pressure of plate - frame pressure filtration is 0.4 MPa, and a feed liquid temperature is 60°C; and a pore size of the micro - filtration membrane is 0.25 pm, the feed liquid temperature is 20°C, and the operating pressure is 250 KPa;
(4) filtering and separating the extracting solution by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 30,000 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 20°C, and the operating pressure is 0.3 MPa; then filtering and separating the solution by adopting a nanofiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 300 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids so as to obtain a concentrated solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 20°C, the operating pressure is 0.5 MPa, and solid material content in the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is 3%; (5) further concentrating the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution by membrane evaporation until the solid material content is 20%, wherein a vacuum degree of the membrane evaporation operation is 0.06 MPa, and the temperature of an evaporation surface is 110°C; and (6) performing high - speed centrifugal spray drying on the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution, thereby obtaining the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal atomizer is 30,000 rpm, an inlet air temperature is 185°C, and an outlet air temperature is 90°C.
Finally, mass of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared from the 10 kg of fresh burdock roots (dry matter mass is 1.98 kg) is 485.1 g, the yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is 24.5%, and the total sugar content is 92.5%.
Embodiment 5 A method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material includes the following steps: (1) weighing 10 kg of fresh burdock roots, cleaning the fresh burdock roots with running water, and removing impurities on surfaces of the burdock roots such as soil; boiling the cleaned burdock roots in boiling water for 5 minutes, taking out the burdock roots, draining off, removing the peel, and cutting the boiled burdock roots into diced burdock roots of which the length, width and height are all 8 mm; (2) putting the diced burdock roots into a blasting cavity of a steam blasting machine, maintaining the pressure under a steam pressure of 1.0 MPa for 10 minutes, automatically opening a blast valve by a control system, rapidly discharging a steam blasting material into a cyclone separator, and collecting burdock root semisolids obtained by steam blasting; (3) extracting burdock soluble dietary fibers in the burdock root semisolids with deionized water, wherein a mass ratio of the burdock root semisolids to the water amount is 1 kg: 20 kg; performing extraction for 2 times for 2.0 hours at an extraction temperature of 75°C; and performing plate - frame pressure filtration, and then performing refined filtration by adopting a micro - filtration membrane so as to obtain an extracting solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fibers, wherein an operating pressure of plate - frame pressure filtration is 0.6 MPa, and a feed liquid temperature is 80°C; and a pore size of the micro - filtration membrane is 0.45 pm, the feed liquid temperature is 30°C, and the operating pressure is 150 KPa; (4) filtering and separating the extracting solution by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 10,000 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 30°C, and the operating pressure is 0.5 MPa; then filtering and separating the solution by adopting a nanofiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 600 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids so as to obtain a concentrated solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 30°C, the operating pressure is 0.8 MPa, and solid material content in the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is 1%; (5) further concentrating the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution by membrane evaporation until the solid material content is 30%, wherein a vacuum degree of the membrane evaporation operation is 0.08 MPa, and the temperature of an evaporation surface is 110°C; and (6) performing high - speed centrifugal spray drying on the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution, thereby obtaining the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal atomizer is 30,000 rpm, an inlet air temperature is 190°C, and an outlet air temperature is 85°C.
Finally, mass of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared from the 10 kg of fresh burdock roots (dry matter mass is 1.98 kg) is 411.8 g, the yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is 20.8%, and the total sugar content is 97.2%.
Embodiment 6
A method for preparing burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder by taking burdock root as a raw material includes the following steps:
(1) weighing 10 kg of fresh burdock roots, cleaning the fresh burdock roots with running water, and removing impurities on surfaces of the burdock roots such as soil; boiling the cleaned burdock roots in boiling water for 8 minutes, taking out the burdock roots, draining off, removing the peel, and cutting the boiled burdock roots into diced burdock roots of which the length, width and height are all 8 mm;
(2) putting the diced burdock roots into a blasting cavity of a steam blasting machine,
maintaining the pressure under a steam pressure of 1.5 MPa for 8 minutes, automatically opening a blast valve by a control system, rapidly discharging a steam blasting material into a cyclone separator, and collecting burdock root semisolids obtained by steam blasting;
(3) extracting burdock soluble dietary fibers in the burdock root semisolids with deionized water, wherein a mass ratio of the burdock root semisolids to the water amount is 1 kg: 10 kg;
performing extraction for 4 times for 2.0 hours at an extraction temperature of 85°C; and performing plate - frame pressure filtration, and then performing refined filtration by adopting a micro - filtration membrane so as to obtain an extracting solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fibers, wherein an operating pressure of plate - frame pressure filtration is 0.2 MPa, and a feed liquid temperature is 70°C; and a pore size of the micro - filtration membrane is 0.45 pm, the feed liquid temperature is 40°C, and the operating pressure is 50 KPa;
(4) filtering and separating the extracting solution by adopting an ultrafiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 50,000 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as macromolecular polysaccharides and proteins, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 20°C, and the operating pressure is 0.3 MPa; then filtering and separating the solution by adopting a nanofiltration membrane having the molecular weight cut - off of 600 Da, and removing impurities in the burdock soluble dietary fiber extracting solution such as small - molecule monosaccharides and amino acids so as to obtain a concentrated solution enriched in burdock soluble dietary fiber, wherein the feed liquid temperature is 20°C, the operating pressure is 0.5 MPa, and solid material content in the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution is 3%;
(5) further concentrating the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution by membrane evaporation until the solid material content is 25%, wherein a vacuum degree of the membrane evaporation operation is 0.08 MPa, and the temperature of an evaporation surface is 100°C; and (6) performing high - speed centrifugal spray drying on the burdock soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution, thereby obtaining the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder, wherein the rotation speed of a centrifugal atomizer is 25,000 rpm, an inlet air temperature is 185°C, and an outlet air temperature is 90°C.
Finally, mass of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder prepared from the 10 kg of fresh burdock roots (dry matter mass is 1.98 kg) is 467.3 g, the yield of the burdock soluble dietary fiber micro powder is 23.6%, and the total sugar content is 93.5%.
Claims (9)
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