NL2019658B1 - A method and an apparatus for adding an annotation to a web-based document - Google Patents
A method and an apparatus for adding an annotation to a web-based document Download PDFInfo
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- NL2019658B1 NL2019658B1 NL2019658A NL2019658A NL2019658B1 NL 2019658 B1 NL2019658 B1 NL 2019658B1 NL 2019658 A NL2019658 A NL 2019658A NL 2019658 A NL2019658 A NL 2019658A NL 2019658 B1 NL2019658 B1 NL 2019658B1
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- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/10—Text processing
- G06F40/166—Editing, e.g. inserting or deleting
- G06F40/169—Annotation, e.g. comment data or footnotes
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Abstract
A method for annotating a Web-based document, WBD; in a WBD browser, comprising: displaying the WBD on the WBD browser; detecting by the WBD browser a position in the WBD for inputting an annotation by a first user; requesting the WBD browser a WBD part corresponding to the position by a WBD browser add-on; generating metadata comprising information related to the WBD part by the WBD browser add-on; inputting the annotation; embedding the annotation in the WBD to form an integrated WBD comprising the annotation by the WBD browser add-on; displaying the integrated WBD with the annotation by the WBD browser; and storing the annotation and the metadata in an annotation database by the WBD browser add-on.
Description
A method and an apparatus for adding an annotation to a web-based document
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for adding an annotation to a web-based document.
Background art
Conventionally, a web-based document, such as a web page (e.g. an HTML document) from a web server can be displayed by a browser on an electronic display. The web page can be viewed by a user. Certain web pages, such as a newspaper web page, can contain a specific area on the web page, usually in the bottom part, for the user to leave an annotation. The annotation can be a comment about complete content of the web page. The comment can be anonymous (i.e. without labelling an identity of the user who added the comment), or labelled with an identity of the user so that other users of the web page can view who has left the comment. When the comment is labelled with the identity of the user, the specific area can comprise a first area for the user to input his identity, and a second area for the user to input the comment. Alternatively, the browser can fetch identity metadata from another web server, e.g. the web server of Facebook, if the user is logged in on Facebook, so that the Facebook identity can be displayed together with the comment on the web page. This approach requires the user to enter credentials (at least once) for every web-based document in order to make an annotation.
However, if the web page does not have a dedicated area designed for adding an annotation by the user, the user cannot add an annotation, and other users cannot view annotations related to a web page.
Recent proposals indicate a method to add an annotation as a separate layer on top of a web page layer. However, a format or content on a web page might change over time, thus annotation added some time ago might be shown on a wrong position on the web page, or the annotation relates to a deleted paragraph on the web page, leading to an inconvenient user experience and an inferior user-machine interface. The user will use more computing resources to navigate through the web pages to make sure whether the annotation is still relevant.
There is therefore a need to provide a more efficient method and an apparatus for adding and/or viewing an annotation added to a web-based document, thus reducing the computing resources needed and increase the user-machine interface.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect, the invention provides a method for annotating a Web-based document, WBD, in a WBD browser, comprising: displaying the WBD on the WBD browser; detecting by the WBD browser a position in the WBD for inputting an annotation by a first user; requesting the WBD browser a WBD part corresponding to the position by a WBD browser add-on; generating metadata comprising information related to the WBD part by the WBD browser add-on; inputting the annotation; embedding the annotation in the WBD to form an integrated WBD comprising the annotation by the WBD browser add-on; displaying the integrated WBD with the annotation by the WBD browser; and storing the annotation and the metadata in an annotation database by the WBD browser add-on.
Advantageously, by applying the method, the annotation is embedded or integrated in the WBD and linked to a specific part of the WBD, if there is a change in the format of the WBD over time, the annotation will be at the desired position remaining linked to that specific part of the WBD. In this way the annotation remains relevant over time. Furthermore if the specific part (e.g. a text paragraph) of the WBD is relocated from one URL to a different URL, according to the present invention, the linked annotation will still be correctly displayed on the updated URL. The invention provides a method for adding an annotation to a WBD in a WBD browser and viewing the annotation in a WBD browser.
Further advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the attached claims.
According to another aspect, the invention provides a device for annotating a Web-based document, WBD, in a WBD browser, comprising: a output device configured to: display the WBD on the WBD browser; a processor configured to perform the following: detecting by the WBD browser a position in the WBD for inputting an annotation by a first user; requesting the WBD browser a WBD part corresponding to the position by a WBD browser add-on; generating metadata comprising information related to the WBD part by the WBD browser add-on; inputting the annotation; embedding the annotation in the WBD to form an integrated WBD comprising the annotation by the WBD browser add-on; displaying the integrated WBD with the annotation by the WBD browser; and storing the annotation and the metadata in an annotation database by the WBD browser add-on.
According to a further aspect, the invention provides a computer program product comprising instructions for causing a computer system to perform the method.
Short description of drawings
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described hereinafter, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings which are schematic in nature and therefore not necessarily drawn to scale. Furthermore, like reference signs in the drawings relate to like elements.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a block diagram depicting an internal structure of a user’s computer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a block diagram depicting a network architecture that facilitates the storing, searching, and transfer of annotations according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3a schematically shows an addition of an annotation to a WBD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3b schematically shows an addition of an annotation to a WBD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3c schematically shows an addition of an annotation to a WBD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 schematically shows an addition of an annotation to a WBD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of an addition of an annotation to a WBD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 schematically shows a preview of annotations according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 schematically shows a preview of annotations according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 schematically shows an overview of annotations and WBD’s according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of embodiments
Figure 1 is a block diagram depicting the internal structure of a user’s computer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Eiser computer 100 may be a personal computer, smartphone, tablet computer, handheld personal digital assistant (“PDA”), or any other type of microprocessor based device. Eiser computer 100 may include a processor 110, input device 120, output device 130, temporary storage device 140, resident storage device 150, and communication device 180. Input device 120 may include a keyboard, mouse, (pen-operated) touch screen, voice recognition device, and any other device that provides input from a user. Output device 130 may include a monitor, printer, disk drive, speakers, or any other device that provides tangible output to user. Temporary storage device 140 may include RAM, caches, and any other volatile storage medium that temporarily holds data while processing it. Resident storage device 150 may include a solid state drive, hard drive, CD-ROM drive, tape drive, removable storage disk, or any other nonvolatile data storage medium. Annotation software 170 and software for a Web browser 160 may reside in resident storage device 150. Annotation software 170 may include, among others, a Web browser plug-in or addon, independent software program or a feature of an operating system. Web browser 160 may include, among others, Google’s Chrome, Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, Edge, Mozilla’s Firefox, and Apple’s Safari. Optionally, the web browser add-on 170 and the web browser 160 can be combined in one software program (web browser). Communication device 180 may include a modem, network interface card, or any other device able to transmit and receive signals over a network. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the components of user computer 100 may also be connected wirelessly, possibly through an infrared connection.
Figure 2 is a block diagram depicting a network architecture that facilitates storage, search and transfer of an annotated Web-based Document (WBD) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. According to one embodiment, after user annotates a WBD through Web browser 160, annotation software 170 transmits it to annotation repository 240 (i.e., server arrangement) via network link 210a, Internet service provider 220, network link 210b, Internet 230, and network link 210c. Network link 210 may include telephone lines, DSL, cable networks, T1 lines, ATM/SONNET, wireless networks, or any other arrangement that allows for the transmission and reception of network signals. It should be noted that, technically, user computer 200, Internet service provider 220 and Web server cluster 250 are also part of the Internet 230 because of their connectivity. The WBD can be a web page.
In an embodiment, the annotation repository 240 is a Website that receives the annotation and metadata comprising information related to a WBD or/and a WBD part through a Web server cluster, which may comprise a collection of Web server computers working in tandem to distribute the load of network traffic. These Web servers include processors and memory for executing program instructions as well network interfaces. Annotation repository 240 also comprises annotation database 242, user information database 244. The annotation repository 240 may also comprise a search server 246 for searching the annotations and a display server 248 for configuring a display of the annotation.
Those skilled in the art realize that these single-record databases may be represented in many different ways, such as individual tables in one or more relational databases. Although all annotation related information is sent to annotation repository 240, this information may also be stored in temporary storage device 140 or resident storage device 150 for efficiency reasons.
Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 4 show schematically how an annotation can be added to a WBD according to an embodiment of the present invention. The web browser add-on 170 enables user to add an annotation directly into a WBD displayed by the web browser 160. The annotation together with metadata of the WBD or/and a WBD part are saved in an annotation repository. The annotation can be viewed by other users who have the web browser add-on 170 installed in their web browser 160. Optionally, users, with or without the annotation software 170 installed in the recipients’ computers, can go to a specific website to view the annotations corresponding to the WBD or a plurality of annotations corresponding to a plurality of WBDs.
Figure 3 a shows a web browser add-on 170 installed in a web browser 160 according to an embodiment. The web browser 160 consumes internet content comprising a WBD in a typical fashion. The WBD is hosted on a web server 210 and when a user navigates within the web browser 160 using an internet service provider 220 to an internet address corresponding to the WBD, the web server 210 delivers the WBD to the web browser 160 over internet 230 to appear in the web browser 160. The WBD comprises a WBD part 372. The WBD part can be a HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) element such as a text paragraph, a word, or a picture, a video, an audio comprising content.
The web browser add-on 170 displays an annotation toolbar or icon 370 in the top-right corner of the web browser 160. Alternatively the annotation toolbar 370 can be at any position on the web browser 160. The position can be determined by the user or by the web browser 160. The annotation toolbar 370 allows, for example, a user to enable the annotation function. Alternatively, the annotation toolbar can be not visible to the user, but the functionality of the web browser add-on is still present.
According to an embodiment, when the user wants to input annotation, the user controls a mouse cursor 380 and right-clicks on a position of the WBD. That is, the WBD browser 160 detects the mouse cursor 380 and the right click. The web browser add-on 170 requests the WBD browser 160 a WBD part 372 corresponding to the position. That is, in an embodiment, the HTML element (directly) at the position of the mouse click. The browser 160 displays a drop down menu after the mouse click, optionally at the position of the mouse click. If the WBD comprises a WBD part 372 corresponding to the position of the mouse click, the user can select an option “annotate” in the drop down menu. Optionally if is the WBD does not comprise the WBD part corresponding to the position of the mouse click (that is, no HTML element at the mouse click), the user cannot select the option “annotate” in the drop down menu. The web browser add-on 170 generates metadata comprising information related to the WBD part 372. That is, optionally, a checksum of the clicked WBD part is generated for further reference/linking. When the option “annotate” is selected, the web browser add-on 170 determines to display an area for inputting the annotation. This can be a pop-up window 390. The pop-up window can be displayed at the position of the mouse click or a position predetermined by the user. After the confirmation that the annotation input is finished (e.g. by press or click “enter”), the pop-up disappears; the web browser add-on 170 embeds the annotation in the WBD to form an integrated WBD comprising the annotation. The web browser 160 displays the integrated WBD with the annotation, and the web browser add-on 170 stores the annotation and the metadata in an annotation database.
In an embodiment, instead of using the mouse cursor, the user can provide another command, for example a single or multi touch on a touch screen, a hover gesture, an audio command or/and a video command, or use a keyboard to determine the position in the WBD to add the annotation.
In an embodiment, the right mouse click can be replaced by a left mouse click, or/and middle mouse click, or/and a scroll wheel click, or/and a scroll wheel movement, or/and any other mouse click or a combination of mouse clicks, or a keyboard input, or a combination of a keyboard input and a mouse click. Optionally, the confirming inputting the annotation (selecting “annotate” in the drop down menu) comprises a mouse click longer than a pre-determined duration, or/and a single or multi touch on a touch screen, or/and a swipe on a touch screen, or/and a hover gesture, or/and an audio command or/and a video command or a keyboard input, or click on the annotation toolbar 370, or a combination of these.
To input the annotation, the user can type/input a text phrase, or upload a picture / video / audio. The embedding of the annotation in the WBD comprises adding the annotation before or after or at a position relative to the WBD part 372. This option can be controlled by the user.
The WBD part 372 can be linked to the annotation via the metadata generated, for example via a (unique) identifier, or a checksum or a unique text identifier.
According to an embodiment, the metadata comprises information related to the WBD, for example a title, URL (Uniform Resource Locator), picture URL of the WBD. The metadata may further comprise a (unique) identifier of the WBD part.
Figure 3a shows the web browser 160 displaying a WBD comprising two text paragraphs. The web browser 160 comprises the annotation toolbar 370 that can be a web browser add-on icon. In case the user wishes to annotate the first paragraph the mouse cursor 380 is placed by the user at the first text paragraph. The user can right click the mouse and confirm inputting the annotation for the first paragraph.
Figure 3b shows that the web browser 160 can display a pop-up window 390 at the position for annotating. The user can input the annotation in the pop-up window 390.
According to an embodiment, after the user confirming inputting the annotation (e.g. clicking to add annotation), a pop-up window 390 is displayed on top of the content of the WBD for inputting the annotation (e.g. typing or uploading a picture or video or audio). After the annotation is input, the pop-up window 390 disappears and the annotation can be embedded into the WBD, i.e. look natively as if the notation is a part of the WBD, see Fig. 3c (in this case browser automatically adjusts WBD, i.e. other content moves lower). Alternatively, see Fig. 3d, an icon 394 (e.g. balloon) gets added right after (or before) the WBD part 372 to indicate the presence of annotation and how many annotations there are (e.g. a number), Clicking the balloon brings a pop-up window over the WBD with the annotation content.
The choice between displaying the icon 394 and the integrated annotation 392 can be selected by the user, for example, by using the annotation toolbar 370.
Figure 4 shows another way of selecting a position of the WBD for inputting the annotation. Compared to Fig. 3a, instead of using the mouse cursor, the user selects a part of the WBD. The web browser add-on 170 requests the WBD browser 160 a WBD part corresponding to the selected part of the WBD. If the selection corresponds to multiple WBD parts, the annotation can be added after or before the multiple WBD parts.
The annotation can be at least one of the following items: textual data, spreadsheet data, graphical data, sound data, and video data.
Advantageously, because the annotation is embedded or integrated in the WBD and linked to the WBD part, if the format of the WBD is changed over time, the annotation will be at the desired position remaining linked to that specific WBD part. In this way the annotation remains relevant over time. Furthermore if the specific part (e.g. a text paragraph) of the WBD is changed from one URL to a different URL, according to the present invention, the linked annotation will still be correctly displayed on the updated URL.
Figure 5 shows a flowchart for annotating a WBD according to an embodiment of the present invention. A web browser add-on 170 is installed in a web browser 160. The web browser 160 consumes internet content comprising a WBD in a typical fashion. The WBD is hosted on a web server 210 and when a user navigates within the web browser 160 using an internet service provider 220 to an internet address corresponding to the WBD, the web server 210 delivers the WBD to the web browser 160 over internet 230 to appear in the web browser 160. In step 510, the WBD is displayed on the web browser 160.
In step 520, the web browser 160 detects a position in the WBD for inputting the annotation. In step 530, the web browser add-on 170 requests the WBD browser a WBD part corresponding to the position. In step 540, the web browser add-on 170 generates metadata comprising information related to the WBD part. This metadata allows to link the annotation to the WBD part. In step 550, the annotation is input. In step 560, the web browser add-on 170 embeds the annotation in the WBD to form an integrated WBD comprising the annotation. In step 570, the web browser 160 displays the integrated WBD with the annotation. In step 580, the web browser add-on 170 stores the annotation and the metadata in an annotation database. The database can be the annotation repository 240.
The metadata can comprise a (unique) (text) identifier indicating the selected WBD part, a checksum, a URL of the WBD, a picture URL in the WBD, a title of the WBD, a creating/updating time of the WBD, a creating/updating date of the WBD, a creating/updating time of the annotation, a creating/updating date of the annotation, annotation viewing options determined by a user or as default options. The annotation viewing options comprise which person can or cannot view the annotation, how long does the annotation stay visible.
Besides enabling annotations to a WBD by a user, an embodiment of the present invention also enables fetching and displaying annotations input by another user. The WBD can be the one being displayed. The WBD browser add-on 170 fetches a second annotation related to the WBD input by a second user and corresponding metadata from the annotation database, embeds the second annotation in the WBD to form an integrated WBD comprising the second annotation based on the metadata, and the web browser 160 displays the integrated WBD comprising the second annotation by the WBD browser add-on in a similar way as for the annotation in Figs. 3c - 3d.
According to an embodiment, when a user opens a WBD, the web browser addon 170 identifies/determines which parts of the just opened WBD have annotations and loads them from the annotation repository 240.
Figure 6 shows a preview of other user’s annotations regarding the current WBD displayed by the web browser 160. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the WBD browser add-on 170 detects an input from the user for viewing a list of annotations related to the WBD input by a third user, wherein the list is fetched from the annotation database, and the WBD browser add-on 170 displays the list of annotations. The user can, for example, click on the annotation toolbar 670 to select a list of annotations related to the WBD currently being displayed. The annotations can be added by various users who would like to comment on the WBD. The annotations can relate to different WBD parts or the same WBD part. The annotation toolbar 670 can allow the user to select various options for displaying different lists. The list can be in a preview format. A sequence of the annotations in the list can be based on a creating or/and updating time of the annotations. The list can be displayed in a pop-up menu. In this way, the first user can quickly browse recent annotations added to one WBD (e.g. the current displayed WBD) by different users.
Figure 7 shows a preview of annotations related to different WBD’s or different parts of a WBD, wherein the annotations are added by a single user. The WBD browser add-on 170 detects an input from the first user for viewing a list of annotations input by a further user, wherein the list is fetched from the annotation database. The list gets updated automatically in the background of the WBD browser by the WBD browser addon 170. For example, the WBD browser add-on 170 checks if there is any new annotation is available and loads the new annotation. If the new annotation is received by the WBD browser add-on 170, then a small balloon at the add-on icon 770 displays how many new annotation are received. The balloon operation is similar to the balloon operation described in relation to Fig. 3d. Then a user can click on the add-on icon 770 and the list is displayed. The list of annotations can relate to various WBD’s added by one user. This user can be the first user himself, or a different user. The list can be in a preview format. A sequence of the annotations in the list can be based on a creating or/and updating time of the annotations. The list can be displayed in a pop-up menu. In this way, the first user can quickly browse recent annotations added to different WBD’s or different parts of a WBD by one user.
In both Figure 6 and Figure 7, the user can select an annotation from the list of annotations detected by the WBD browser add-on 170, for example, by clicking an item displayed in the list corresponding to the annotation. The WBD browser add-on 170 then displays the WBD to which the annotation is added, and scrolls to a position of the WBD where the annotation is added. In this way, the user can quickly find the WBD part where the annotation is added.
Figure 8 shows an overview of a plurality of WBD’s with annotations. The overview is based on metadata of the WBD’s, the overview is generated by an annotation repository server, for example based on the first user’s friend list and annotations visibility. A user can add an annotation to each of the displayed WBD’s, or reply to an annotation from another user.
The display server 248 next to displaying overview (figure 8) allows searching annotations by any of the stored fields (WBD title, annotation) or by a user that created it. In order to search, users enter text to be searched in a search bar and the server displays all relevant results across all the different searched fields.
The display server allows adding annotations or responding to the already annotated parts of WBDs, therefore eliminating the need to install the browser add-on (assuming the user is interested only in responds).
Moreover the display server allows subscribing to other users and following their activity in the service.
The present invention has been described above with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments as shown in the drawings. Modifications and alternative implementations of some parts or elements are possible, and are included in the scope of protection as defined in the appended claims.
In the foregoing description of the figures, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as summarized in the attached claims.
In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
In particular, combinations of specific features of various aspects of the invention may be made. An aspect of the invention may be further advantageously enhanced by adding a feature that was described in relation to another aspect of the invention.
It is to be understood that the invention is limited by the annexed claims and its technical equivalents only. In this document and in its claims, the verb "to comprise" and its conjugations are used in their non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, without excluding items not specifically mentioned. In addition, reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements. The indefinite article "a" or "an" thus usually means "at least one".
Some or all aspects of the invention may be suitable for being implemented in form of software, in particular a computer program product. The computer program product may comprise a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable media. Also, the computer program may be represented by a signal, such as an optic signal or an electro-magnetic signal, carried by a transmission medium such as an optic fiber cable or the air. The computer program may partly or entirely have the form of source code, object code, or pseudo code, suitable for being executed by a computer system. For example, the code may be executable by one or more processors.
Claims (22)
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EP2306332A1 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-04-06 | NEC Corporation | Electronic sticky note system |
US20100070845A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Shared web 2.0 annotations linked to content segments of web documents |
US20170060829A1 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-03-02 | Branchfire, Inc. | Method and system for annotation and connection of electronic documents |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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KAHAN J ET AL: "Annotea: an open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations", COMPUTER NETW, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 39, no. 5, 5 August 2002 (2002-08-05), pages 589 - 608, XP004369434, ISSN: 1389-1286, DOI: 10.1016/S1389-1286(02)00220-7 * |
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