NL2015107B1

NL2015107B1 - Foam comprising an active compound.

Info

Publication number: NL2015107B1
Application number: NL2015107A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Koop Fuite Johannes
Original assignee: Olus Plus B V
Priority date: 2015-07-07
Filing date: 2015-07-07
Publication date: 2017-01-31

Abstract

The present invention is in the field of a foam comprising an active amount, such as an prophylactic compound, and a method for applying this foam to animals, and in particular chicken. The foam is a non-toxic liquid foam further corn- prising a solvent, typically water, and a foam forming compound, wherein the active compound is selected from naturally occurring compounds.

Description

Foam comprising an active compound

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is in the field of a foam comprising an active amount, such as an prophylactic compound, and a method for applying this foam to animals, and in particular chicken.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In general eggs in the poultry industry are hatched in a hatchery. After a few days, typically 4-6 days, the young animals are transported to a farm, typically a chicken farm, to grow further. In the hatchery the young animals typically no or minimum amounts of food and water are provided to the young animals. A disadvantage thereof is that the animals can not be prepared for the first stressful event in their lifetime, namely the transport from the hatchery to the farm. The stress the immune system is compromised and gets about 3% of the chicks or chickens in the farm an infectious disease or condition. A common infectious disease for chickens is coliba-cillosis. Colibacillosis is one of the main causes of economic losses in the poultry industry because the animals get sick, the uniformity disappears in a brood, production decreases, the number of chickens that is rejected at the slaughterhouse increases, and the overall mortality rate of the chicken increases. The cause of colibacillosis is an avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). For an overview: "An update of colibacillosis in chickens or chickens," D. Persoons et al., Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 2011, 80, 161-165.

To reduce the risks related to (multi) resistant bacteria, the use of antibiotics in the Netherlands, and also in Germany, France, Denmark, has been strongly limited for the last few years. In many cases, the antibiotic use as a preventive means is prohibited. For instance, in the farm chickens may no longer be treated with preventive antibiotics. It is thus desirable to improve resistance of animals against stressful situation without the use of antibiotics and in general to prevent that an animal will get an infectious disease or condition. For this purpose it would be beneficial to the animals to administer an active ingredient already in an early or very early stage of life, i.e. within a few days, which helps to prevent the animals getting an infectious disease or condition.

At present one or more active ingredients are often added in the drinking water of (young) animals in order to increase the resistance of the animals. The earliest stage in life when such can take place is, however, in the stage of life in which the animals are already full-grown to such an extent that they are capable of making use of a drinking water system; which stage is too late for most purposes. A problem in the administration of an active ingredient in this (or any) respect to very young animals, in particular one day old chickens, is that they are not yet sufficiently mature to drink. An further problem is that the space in which this one day-old chickens are placed is not suited for a drinking water system. In fact it is only later on in the farm where they eventually are fed and where water may be co-administered with optionally an active ingredient therein. Administration of active ingredients via the drinking water is found not to be possible for one day-old chickens.

Incidentally various documents recite administering active ingredients to food for animals. Clearly none of these can be administered to very young animals.

For instance, EP 2 070 427 Al recites the use of essential oil compounds as histomonastats. An example of an essential oil compound of the invention is cinnamaldehyde. These compounds are typically added to the feed or premixture thereof for animals EP 2 666 364 A recites additives for animal food, such as a combination of organic acid salts with at least one active ingredient of plant origin, preferably essential oils, partially protected with vegetable fats and/or oils, which prevent these active ingredients from being digested by stomach enzymes during the digestive process. The sodium salts of short-chain acids, preferably salts of butyric, acid are preferred. The preferred essential oils are ginger, piperine, oregano, garlic, thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and/or any combinations thereof. The combination of organic acid salts and the essential oils protected with vegetable fats and/or oils, are used as powerful promoters or stimulants for animal growth, as organic bactericides against pathogenic bacteria present in said animals and as modulators of immune response thereof. WO2001/058466 A recites biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microspheres encapsulating Salmonella enter-itidis are administered to chickens to provide the chickens with sustained protection against S. enteritidis infections. WO1999/011145 A recites a food composition for young chicks, which food composition contains a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide or a mixture thereof. The food composition is especially provided for feeding young chicks during the first days after hatching. Thereafter, they can be fed with the usual food for chickens. US 6,228,355 B recites a method and compositions for controlling food borne enteric bacterial pathogens in poultry populations. The incidence of the colonization of poultry by enteropathogenic bacteria, and/or the populations of entero-pathogenic bacteria within colonized poultry, may by substantially reduced by providing particles of an expanded matrix material to the locus or vicinity of the animals, particularly during the period of feed removal prior to slaughter. The method and compositions are particularly useful for the control of Salmonella species, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter species.

With respect to use of essential oils, as mentioned in some of the above documents, contradictory information is available, some of which is clearly discouraging. In general for essential oils it is preferred to use a high level or grade of purity, e.g. >99%, preferably > 99.5%; these may be referred to a therapeutic grade oils. It is noted that some of these oils can cause severe irritation, provoke an allergic reaction and, over time, prove hepatotoxic. It is noted that it is considered that essential oils should not be used with animals, as they possess extreme hepatotoxicity, dermal toxicity, may cause nausea and irritation, may inflict skin sensitivity, etc. for animals. Also in view of pregnancy concerns exist. Even further, for some oils estrogenic and antiandro genic activity have been reported by in vitro study of tea tree oil and lavender essential oils. Further, there is some concern about pesticide residues in essential oils, particularly those used therapeutically.

On the other hand essential oils are used extensively as flavoring agents in foods, beverages and confectioneries. Therapeutic grade essential oils are generally safe for human consumption in small amounts. Still some oils may be toxic to some animals.

Despite the above methods and foods there still is a need for an improved method, and likewise food composition, which overcome one or more of the above disadvantages, without jeopardizing functionality and advantages. In particular a method and food composition for administration of an active ingredient to very young animals, such as day-old chickens, wherein the very young animals uptake a sufficient amount of the active ingredient, is highly desirable. It is in particularly desirable to increase the resistance of the very young animals, such that a chance of getting an infectious disease or condition in a later stage of life is minimized. In the case of day-old chickens, it is necessary that such a method can be carried out in a hatchery, such that they are more resistant e.g. to stress in a first time in their lives, namely the transport from the hatchery to the farm.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates in a first aspect to a foam composition according to claim 1, that can be administered to young animals, in particular a few day old chickens, such as one day old chickens. Therewith the present invention solves the above mentioned problems and provides further advantages. For instance it has been found that upon testing the present composition on a number of farms and hatchery important differences where found. It is noted that these differences were typically found in a later life stage, such as after a couple of weeks. At that later life stage no measure could be taken anymore to solve the situation. The testing related to application of the present foam with or without an active compound. On some farms no infections or negative conditions were established at all; hence in these cases no differences were observed between administration of a foam with or without an active compound. In one case the results were unreliable. However in the cases were infections and negative conditions were found, the chickens that were administered the present active compound were significantly less affected by these infections and negative conditions than chickens who were administered the foam per se. In fact the chickens that were administered the present foam showed no detrimental effects at all, whereas the other chickens of the comparative group showed losses of 1-3% relative to a total number; such relates, in other words, to an improvement of a few percent. The present foam therefore provides a solution to losses in farming chickens. A foam is considered to be a substance that is formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid; the present invention relates to entrapment of gas in a liquid; in particular the present foam relates to a so-called closed cell foam. In a closed-cell foam, the gas forms discrete pockets, each in principle completely surrounded by the solid material. A gas is present in relatively large amounts; likewise the liquid fraction is present in a relatively small amount, typically below 35 v/v%, and preferably below 10 v/v%, such as 0.01-5 v/v%, preferably 0.02-2 v/v%. It is divided into gas bubbles which typically may have different sizes; such a material may be considered polydisperse. For the present invention it is preferred to form a so-called stable foam. The foam is preferably stable for at least 15 seconds, and preferably for at least a few minutes, such as 5-30 minutes. Typically some aspects of a foam relate to thin films, which separate bubbles; plateau borders, where films meet along a line or curve, there is a liquid-filled interstitial channel called a plateau border; and junctions, where several plateau borders meet to form an interconnected network, they do so at a junction. In a preferred example for the present dry foam typically only three films meet at the plateau border, and they typically meet at equal angles; and only four plateau border meet at a junction, and these also meet at equal angles. Such a stable foam is found to be attractive to young animals. In particular it is found that young animals tend to pick foam from other young animals, thereby up taking the foam and its active components. Such is a surprise. With this peculiar behavior it is now possible to provide ingredients in the form of a foam or the like to very young animals, i.c. chicken. With the presence of other means, such as a drinking water system, such provision is now possible. As such provision of the present foam provides advantages also in cases when other means of application, such as a drinking water system, are not available or can not be used for whatever reason. It is noted that typically mobility of very young animals is rather limited, especially of one day old chickens. Also in such cases the present invention provides the advantages mentioned.

The present foam may have a prophylactic action. Preferably, the active ingredient will help prevent an infectious disease or condition in the animal. The present foam provides many different ingredients of which it is determined that these help to prevent an infectious disease or condition in an animal. An infectious disorder may be any condition that prevents the functioning of the very young animal and/or which will hinder the functioning in a later stage of life. For example, an infectious disease is a bacterial infection that may lead to the death of the animal. As an example of an active ingredient a fatty acid may be. Preferably, the composition comprises a mixture of these fatty acids. It is known that the medium-chain fatty acids, lauric acid, caprylic acid and capric acid have anti-viral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as butyric acid, in particular, have an antibacterial effect against Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli.

The present solvent may be water, or any other suitable solvent, such as an alcohol, or combinations thereof. Typically 5-95 wt.% of a solvent is present, preferably 10-93 wt.%, more preferably 20-92 wt.%, even more preferably 40-91 wt.%, such as 60- 90 wt.%, or 70-88 wt.%.

The present foam forming compound may be a surfac- tant or the like. It is provided in an amount sufficient to form a stable foam, the amount depending on the type of solvent used, other ingredients being present, the type of foam being formed, etc. The amount of foam forming compound is relatively high, especially compared to other foams, in order to form an appropriate foam have desired characteristics. Typically 0.5-40 wt. % of foam forming compound is present, preferably 1-35 wt.%, more preferably 2-30 wt.%, even more preferably 4-25 wt.%, such as 5- 20 wt.%, or ΙΟΙ 5 wt. % .

The present foam comprises an amount of active ingredient. The active ingredient is found to prevent and/or limit sensitivity of young animals towards Infectious diseases and conditions, including stress. It is preferred to have at least an essential oil being present. In addition also allicin is found to be effective. The fatty acids and other organic compounds are believed to support the action of the essential oils and/or allicin. The active compounds is preferably provided in an effective amount to the young animals. It is a bit difficult to establish an effective amount, as the uptake of foam may vary significantly from young animal to young animal; the uptake is partly a matter of behavior, wherein some young animals have a stronger tendency picking and cleaning than others. Preferred amounts are in the order of 250-5000 ppm per day of active ingredient, or 250-5000 mgr./kg animal. A one day old chicken weighs approximately 40 gr. It is therefore preferred to provide at least approximately 0.1-25 gr of foam per day to each chicken, such as 1-5 gr. In an example 250-5000 ml, preferably 500-2500 ml, more preferably 750-1500 ml, such as 800-1200 ml or 1000 ml of pre-foam mixture (being essentially the foam without gas and solvent) is provided at least once per 10000 chickens. Typically 0.2-20 wt.% of active compound is present, preferably 0.4-17 wt.%, more preferably 1-15 wt.%, even more preferably 2-12 wt.%, such as 5-10 wt.%, or 7-8 wt.%.

The present foam may comprise a colorant, preferably in an amount to color the foam substantially, e.g. to give the foam a color. It has been found that a colorant appears attractive to the young animals, therewith encouraging them to pick and as a result up taking the foam. Especially purple, red and blue colors are preferred.

The present foam may comprise a flavor. It has been found that a flavor improves uptake of the foam. The flavor may be combined with the essential oil, may be an ester or an ether, etc. The flavor may e.g. be a vanilla flavor. The flavor may be present in a relatively low amount of 0.1-1 wt.%, such as 0.2-0.5 wt.%.

In order to have a largely neutral composition a buffer may be added. The buffer preferably keeps the pH between 4-9, such as 5-7. Due to presence of fatty acids the foam may be slightly acidic. The buffer may be present in a relatively low amount of 0.1-5 wt.%, preferably 0.2-3 wt.%, such as 0,5-1 wt.%.

Also some preservative may be present. Typically the composition is used shortly after preparation and hence no or a tiny amount of preservative is required. A batch, comprising the main ingredients apart from the solvent, e.g. water, may be stored longer and may be used over a longer period of time; hence some preservative may be required. The preservative may be present in a relatively low amount of 0.1-0.5 wt.%, such as 0.2-0.3 wt.%.

The foam comprises gas, typically air, which may be provided in the form of pressurized air.

In a second aspect the invention relates to a method of applying the present foam to young animals.

Thereby the present invention provides a solution to one or more of the above mentioned problems.

Advantages of the present invention are detailed throughout the description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates in a first aspect to a foam according to claim 1.

In an example of the present foam the foam is a so-called dry foam. As such the foam remains stable over a period of time long enough to allow young animals to uptake the foam. Typically it is preferred to have the foam stable for at least 5 minutes, but preferably for about 30 minutes. After 30 minutes the tendency to pick reduces somewhat. An interval be fore applying a next amount of foam is then preferred. The foam may be applied 1-10 times per day, typically a few times per day, e.g. 2-4 times. It is preferred to apply the foam during day light. When no natural day light is available, or when artificial light is used, other colorants may be preferred, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent colours.

In an example of the present foam the foam initially comprises gas bubbles with an average size of 50-10000 pm, preferably 100-5000 pm, more preferably 250-2500 pm, such as 750-1500 pm, and a standard deviation (σ)in size of < 90% relative to the average size. Such can e.g. be measured using light scattering, or in a more cumbersome approach by taking detailed {microscope} images of the foam and establishing a size distribution. The gas pressure applied may be between 100-500 kPa (1-5 bar}, preferably 120-300 kPa (1.2-3 bar), e.g. by using a spray gun. The opening of the spray gun may be from 0.5-3 mm; the openings preferably have an annular form. The obtained foam is slightly more stable, over a longer period of time, which is an advantage in terms of uptake.

In an example the present foam comprises 0.01-2 wt.% fatty acid, 0.1-15 wt.% essential oil, and 0.01-2 wt.% other organic compound. So mainly essential oil is present, supported by smaller amounts of fatty acid and other organic compound.

In an example of the present invention the foam forming compound is a surfactant, such as an emulsifier. Other compounds may be applied as well; however surfactants and in particular emulsifiers, especially food grade ingredients, are preferred.

In an example of the present foam the naturally occurring compound is > 95 wt.% pure, preferably > 99 % pure, more preferably > 99.5% pure, such as 99.9% pure, i.e. comprising only trace amounts of impurities. In view of toxicity over time a so called therapeutic grade is preferred. In view thereof naturally occurring compounds may be extracted from natural source, and purified thereafter, such as by standard chemical techniques. Therein it is preferred to use no toxic compounds, e.g. for extraction, or at the most slightly toxic compounds.

In an example of the present foam fatty acids are selected from acetic acid, proprionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargon-ic acid, capric acid, undecyclic acid, lauric acid, tridecy-clic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, and mono unsaturated equivalents thereof, and di unsaturated equivalents thereof, such as ω-3 unsaturated, such as α-linolenic acid (18:3), stearidonic acid (18:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), ω-6 unsaturated, such as linoleic acid (18:2), γ-linolenic acid (18:3), dihomo-Y-linolenic acid (20:3), arachi-donic acid (20:4), and adrenic acid (22:4), ω-7 unsaturated, such as palmitoleic acid (16:1), vaccenic acid (18:1), and paullinic acid (20:1), and ω-9 unsaturated, such as oleic acid (18:1), elaidic acid (trans-18:1), gondoic acid (20:1), erucic acid (22:1), nervonic acid (24:1), and mead acid (20:3), and combinations thereof. Especially short chain C2-C5 fatty acids and caprilic acid, lauric acid and sorbic acid are preferred. For some purposes also mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids are preferred.

In an example of the present foam essential oils are selected from berry oils, such as allspice oil, black pepper oil, cubed oil, juniper oil, and schisandra oil, seed oils, such as anise oil, buchu oil, caraway oil, cardamom oil, carrot oil, celery oil, coriander oil, cranberry oil, cumin oil, dill oil, fennel oil, fenu-greek oil, hickory oil, moringa oil, mustard oil, neem oil, nutmeg oil, parsley oil, rosehip oil, and star anise oil, bark oils, such as, cassia oil, cinnamon oil, myroxylon oil, and sassafras oil, wood oils, such as agarwood oil, camphor oil, cedar oil, palo santo oil, rosewood oil, and sandalwood oil, rhizome oils, such as galangal oil, ginger oil, nard oil, orris oil, and tumeric oil, leaf oils, such as agathosma oil, ajwain oil, basil oil, bay leaf oil, bitter orange oil, buchu oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, common sage oil, costmary oil, cypriol oil, eucalyptus oil, fir oil, goldenrod oil, guava oil, henna oil, helichrysum oil, laurus nobilis oil, ledum oil, lemon balm oil, lemon grass oil, majoram oil, melaleuca oil, mugwort oil, myrtle oil, oregano oil, patchouli oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil, perilla oil, pine oil, ravensara oil, rosemary oil, spearmint oil, spruce oil, tarragon oil, tea tree oil, thyme oil, tsuga oil, vetiver oil, and wintergreen oil, resin oils, such as benzoin oil, copaiba oil, frankincense oil, galbanum oil, and myrrh oil, flower oils, such as cannabis oil, chamomile oil, cistus oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, davana oil, scented geranium oil, hops oil, hyssop oil, jasmine oil, lavender oil, lotus flower oil, manuka oil, marjoram oil, neroli oil, orange oil, rose oil, savory oil, yarrow oil, and ylang- ylang oil, peel oils, such as bergamot oil, citron oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, lime oil, litsea cubeba oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, tangerine oil, and root oils, such as angeli ca oil, asafoetida oil, calamus oil, horseradish oil, valerian oil, zedoary oil, and combinations thereof. So many essential oils may be applied. Eucalyptus oil, cinnamon oil, oregano oil, mint oil, acetic acid oil, lemon oil and chamomilla oil, either alone or in combination, have been found to be more attractive for especially chickens.

In an example of the present foam the foam forming compound is selected from poly sorbates, such as poly sorbate 20, poly sorbate 40, poly sorbate 60, and poly sorbate 80, cellulose, cellulose derivative, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, gums, such as xanthan gum, poly saccharides, gels, such as alginate, lecithin, agar, propylene glycol, stearyl citrate, carrageenan, poly glycerol, and combinations thereof. Especially polysorbates are preferred, more particular the ones with a higher molar mass, such as polysorbate 60 and -80.

In an example of the present foam the natural colorant is selected from betanine (E162), anthocyan (E163), cap-santhin (E160c), lycopene (E160d), amaranth, saffron, and safflower. In particular, in day light conditions, betanine and anthocyan have been found to be attractive for young animals. The amount of natural colorant may be relatively low, preferably from 0.05-1 wt.%, such as from 0.1-0.25 wt.%.

In an example of the present foam the flavour is selected from esters and ethers, such as isoamyl acetate, cin-namaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, limonene, ethyl decadieno-ate, allyl hexanoate, ethyl vanillin, methyl salicylate, and combinations thereof.

In an example of the present foam the other natural occurring organic compound is selected from anethol, L-limonene, thymol, terpine limonene, linalyl acetate, linalole, methyl salicycate, eucalyptol, eugenole, diallyl disulphide, geraniol, campher, methol, orange terpene, D-limonene, vitamins, allicin, allantoin, and combinations thereof. Especially allicin, allantoin, thymol and eugenol are preferred. Some of these compounds relate to food additives and may provide further action. For instance allantoin supports healing of skin wounds (i.c. a cell proliferation enhancer), which may be present in an amount of 0.2-5 wt.%. Various components, such as allicin, benzoates, proprionates, nitrite, acids, Daafit aqua, and nisin, may provide antimicrobial action, sometimes in combination with preservative action. These antimicrobial components may be present in a combined amount of 0.5-15 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.%, such as 2-5 wt.%, either alone or in combination. Also 0.2-5 wt.%, preferably 0.5-3 wt.%, such as 1-2 wt.% of vitamins may be present.

In a second aspect the present invention relates to a method according to claim 13.

Therein a composition is provided, which may be regarded as a pre-mixture of the present foam. A solvent, typically water, and optionally 0.1-10 wt.% alcohol (ethanol), e.g. 1-5 wt.%, and air are added, in order to form a foam. The foam is simply spread over the chickens. In an example the chickens are very young, from 0-6 days old, typically from 1 hour-4 days, such as 2 hours-3 days. The foam is typically applied during early life, such as in a hatchery.

In an example of the present method a spray gun or the like is located above a conveyor belt or other transport mechanism for transporting one day-old chicks. The one day-old chicks may for example be located in a crate which is positioned on a conveyor belt, e.g. in order to be directed to a truck. The one day-old chicks receive once, prior to transport, the active ingredient which is administered in the form of foam particles. An advantage thereof is that the transport of the one day-old chicks is experienced as less stressful.

The invention is further detailed by the accompany- ing figures and examples, which are exemplary and explanatory of nature and are not limiting the scope of the invention. To the person skilled in the art it may be clear that many variants, being obvious or not, may be conceivable falling within the scope of protection, defined by the present claims.

EXAMPLES/EXPERIMENT S

The invention although described in detailed explanatory context may be best understood in conjunction with the accompanying examples and figures.

Composition 1

_

Solumul E433 comprises mainly E433 Polyoxyethyleen-20-sorbitaan mono-oleate (polysorbate 80); Allicin is mainly 3-prop-2-enylsulfinylsulfanylprop-l-ene; triethylanolamine functions as a buffer; sodium benzoate as a preservative; the beat root is mainly betanine; and Daafit aqua comprises E200 Sorbic acid, Ξ260 Acetic acid, E280 Propionic acid, E295 Ammonium formiate, E236 Formic acid, caprilic acid, lauric acid, and butyric acid.

To 2 kg of this composition 3 liter water is provid- ed in order to form a foam.

Composition 2_

To 2 kg of this composition 3 liter water is provided in order to form a foam.

Composition 3

To 2 kg of this composition 3 liter water is provided in order to form a foam. _Composition 4__

To 2 kg of this composition 3 liter water is provided in order to form a foam. _Composition 5_

To 2 kg of this composition 3 liter water is provided in order to form a foam.

Note that on a dry weight basis of the compositions per se (without solvent and without gas) the wt.% surfactant is relatively high, typically > 20 wt.%, preferably > 30 wt.%, and more preferably > 40 wt.%, such as 50-60 wt.%.

Experiment

The various compositions were applied on a variety of hatcheries according to the following scheme. In a blind experiment the compositions were provided both with or without active ingredient, batch wise per substantially equal groups of one day old chickens. The size of these groups varied somewhat. To a group 5 1/10000 chickens of mixture was sprayed over the chickens during 5-30 seconds when they were passing in a crate on a conveyer belt. The chickens kept picking for at least 5 minutes, and typically until about 1 hour after provision of the spray.

Table 1. Comparison of effects of active ingredients.

Losses may relate to death, sick animals, or otherwise animals unsuited for further breeding. The total population is a rough estimate (±10%) based on counts of crates and number of chicken per crate (which latter may vary somewhat}. The losses are on the other hand accurate. Farm 7 had to be disregarded due to unreliable results. Possibly other issues occurred there. The following section is added to support searching of the prior art of the patent. 1. Non-toxic liquid foam for applying an active com pound to a young chicken comprising 5-95 wt. % of a solvent, 0.2-50 wt.% of a foam forming compound, 0.1-15 wt.% of at least one active compound, wherein the active compound is selected from naturally occurring compounds, the naturally occurring compounds being selected from saturated and unsaturated C2-C18 fatty acids, essential oils, and other organic compounds, 0.0-2 wt.% naturally occurring colorant, 0.0-2 wt.% naturally occurring flavour, 0.0-1 wt.% buffer, 0.0-1 wt.% preservative, and 0.2-90 wt.% gas, wherein all wt.% are relative to a total weight of the foam. 2. Foam according to claim 1, wherein the foam is a so-called dry foam. 3. Foam according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the foam initially comprises gas bubbles with an average size of 50-5000 pm and a standard deviation (D)in size of < 90% relative to the average size. 4. Foam according to any of the preceding claims, comprising 0.01-2 wt.% fatty acid, 0.1-15 wt.% essential oil, and 0.01-2 wt.% other organic compound. 5. Foam according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the foam forming compound is a surfactant. 6. Foam according to any of the preceding claims wherein the naturally occurring compound is > 95 wt. % pure. 7. Foam according to any of the preceding claims wherein fatty acids are selected from acetic acid, proprionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecyclic acid, lauric acid, tridecyclic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, and mono unsaturated equivalents thereof, and di unsaturated equivalents thereof, such as ω-3 unsaturated, such as α-linolenic acid (18:3), stearidonic acid (18:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), ω-6 unsaturated, such as lin-oleic acid (18:2), γ-linolenic acid (18:3), dihomo-y-linolenic acid (20:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), and adrenic acid (22:4), ω-7 unsaturated, such as palmitoleic acid (16:1), vaccenic acid (18:1), and paullinic acid (20:1), and ω-9 unsaturated, such as oleic acid (18:1), elaidic acid (trans-18:1), gondoic acid (20:1), erucic acid (22:1), nervonic acid (24:1), and mead acid (20:3), and com-binations thereof. 8. Foam according to any of the preceding claims wherein essential oils are selected from berry oils, such as allspice oil, black pepper oil, cubeb oil, juniper oil, and schisandra oil, seed oils, such as anise oil, buchu oil, caraway oil, cardamom oil, carrot oil, celery oil, coriander oil, cranberry oil, cumin oil, dill oil, fennel oil, fenu-greek oil, hickory oil, moringa oil, mustard oil, neem oil, nutmeg oil, parsley oil, rosehip oil, and star anise oil, bark oils,' such as, cassia oil, cinnamon oil, myroxylon oil, and sassafras oil, wood oils, such as agar-wood oil, camphor oil, cedar oil, palo santo oil, rosewood oil, and sandalwood oil, rhizome oils, such as galangal oil, ginger oil, nard oil, orris oil, and tumeric oil, leaf oils, such as agathosma oil, ajwain oil, basil oil, bay leaf oil, bitter orange oil, buchu oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, common sage oil, costmary oil, cypri-ol oil, eucalyptus oil, fir oil, goldenrod oil, guava oil, henna oil, helichrysum oil, laurus nobilis oil, ledum oil, lemon balm oil, lemon grass oil, majoram oil, melaleuca oil, mugwort oil, myrtle oil, oregano oil, patchouli oil, pennyroy- al oil, peppermint oil, perilla oil, pine oil, ravensara oil, rosemary oil, spearmint oil, spruce oil, tarragon oil, tea tree oil, thyme oil, tsuga oil, vetiver oil, and wintergreen oil, resin oils, such as benzoin oil, copaiba oil, frankincense oil, galbanum oil, and myrrh oil, flower oils, such as cannabis oil, chamomile oil, cistus oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, davana oil, scented geranium oil, hops oil, hyssop oil, jasmine oil, lavender oil, lotus flower oil, manuka oil, marjoram oil, neroli oil, orange oil, rose oil, savory oil, yarrow oil, and ylang-ylang oil, peel oils, such as bergamot oil, citron oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, lime oil, litsea cubeba oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, tangerine oil, and root oils, such as angelica oil, asafoetida oil, calamus oil, horseradish oil, valerian oil, zedoary oil, and combinations thereof. 9. Foam according to any of the preceding claims wherein the foam forming compound is selected from poly sorb-ates, such as poly sorbate 20, poly sorbate 40, poly sorbate 60, and poly sorbate 80, cellulose, cellulose derivative, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, gums, such as xanthan gum, poly saccharides, gels, such as alginate, lecithin, agar, propylene glycol, stearyl citrate, carrageenan, poly glycerol, and combinations thereof. 10. Foam according to any of the preceding claims wherein the natural colorant is selected betanine (E162), an-thocyan (E163), capsanthine (E160c), lycopene (El60d), amarant, saffron, safflower, and combinations thereof. 11. Foam according to any of the preceding claims wherein the flavour is selected from esters and ethers, such as isoamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, limo-nene, ethyl decadienoate, allyl hexanoate, ethyl vanillin, methyl salicylate, and combinations thereof. 12. Foam according to any of the preceding claims wherein the other natural occurring organic compound is selected from anethol, L-limonene, thymol, terpine limonene, li-nalyl acetate, linalole, methyl salicycate, eucalyptol, euge-nole, diallyl disulphide, geraniol, campher, methol, orange terpene, D-limonene, vitamins, allicin, allantoin, and combinations thereof. 13. Method of applying a foam to young chicken for improving health, comprising the steps of, providing a composition, the composition comprising 30-95 wt. % of a solvent, 0.1-50 wt.% of a foam forming compound, 0.1-15 wt.% of at least one active compound, wherein the active compound is selected from naturally occurring compounds, such as saturated and unsaturated C2-C18 fatty acids, essential oils, and other organic compounds, 0.0-2 wt.% naturally occurring colorant, and 0.0-2 wt.% naturally occurring flavour, generating a foam of the compound, and spreading the foam over the young chicken. 14. Method according to claim 13, wherein the chicken are 0-6 days old. 15. Method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the foam is applied on a hatchery.

Claims

1. Niet-toxisch vloeibaar schuim voor het aanbrengen van een actieve verbinding bij een jonge kip omvattende 5-95 gew.% van een oplosmiddel, 0,2-50 gew.% van een schuimvormende verbinding, 0,1-25 gew.% van ten minste één actieve verbinding, waarbij de actieve verbinding wordt gekozen uit natuurlijk voorkomende verbindingen, waarbij de natuurlijk voorkomende verbindingen zijn gekozen uit verzadigde en onverzadigde C2-Cx8 vetzuren, etherische oliën, en andere organische verbindingen, 0,0-2 gew.% natuurlijk voorkomende kleurstof, 0,0-2 gew.% natuurlijk voorkomende smaakstof, 0,0-1 gew.% buffer, 0,0-1 gew.% conserveermiddel, en 0,2-90 gew.% gas, waarbij alle gew.% zijn ten opzichte van een totaal gewicht van het schuim.A non-toxic liquid foam for applying an active compound to a young chicken comprising 5-95% by weight of a solvent, 0.2-50% by weight of a foam-forming compound, 0.1-25% by weight of at least one active compound, wherein the active compound is selected from naturally occurring compounds, wherein the naturally occurring compounds are selected from saturated and unsaturated C2 -C8 fatty acids, essential oils, and other organic compounds, 0.0-2% by weight naturally occurring colorant, 0.0-2% by weight of naturally occurring flavor, 0.0-1% by weight of buffer, 0.0-1% by weight of preservative, and 0.2-90% by weight of gas, all % relative to a total weight of the foam.

2. Schuim volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het schuim een zogenaamd droog schuim is.Foam according to claim 1, wherein the foam is a so-called dry foam.

3. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het schuim omvat aanvankelijk gasbellen met een gemiddelde grootte van 50-5000 pm en een standaarddeviatie (σ) ter grootte van <90% van het gemiddelde grootte.Foam according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the foam initially comprises gas bubbles with an average size of 50-5000 µm and a standard deviation (σ) of <90% of the average size.

4. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, omvattende 0.01-2 gew.% vetzuur, 0,1-20 gew.% etherische olie, en 0.01-2 gew.% andere organische verbinding.Foam according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising 0.01-2% by weight of fatty acid, 0.1-20% by weight of essential oil, and 0.01-2% by weight of other organic compound.

5. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de schuimvormende verbinding een surfactant is.The foam of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the foam-forming compound is a surfactant.

6. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de natuurlijk voorkomende stof is> 95 gew.% Zuiver.The foam of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the naturally occurring substance is> 95% by weight of Pure.

7. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij vetzuren zijn gekozen uit azijnzuur, proprionzuur, bo-terzuur, valeriaanzuur, capronzuur, heptaanzuur, caprylzuur, pelargonzuur, caprinezuur, undecyclisch zuur, laurinezuur, tridecyclisch zuur, myristinezuur, pentadecaanzuur, palmitine-zuur, margarinezuur, stearinezuur, en mono onverzadigd equiva- lenten daarvan, en di-onverzadigde equivalenten daarvan, zoals ω-3 onverzadigde, zoals a-linoleenzuur (18:3), stearidonzuur (18:4), eicosa-pentaenoic acid (20:5) en docosahexaeenzuur (22:6), ω-β onverzadigde, zoals linolzuur (18:2), γ-linoleenzuur (18:3), dihomo-Y-linoleenzuur (20:3), arachidon-zuur (20:4), en adrenic acid (22:4), ω-7 onverzadigd, zoals palmitoleïnezuur (16:1), vacceenzuur (18: 1), en paulline acid (20:1), en ω-9 onverzadigd, zoals oliezuur (18:1), elaidine-zuur (trans-18:1), gondoine zuur (20:1) , erucazuur (22:1), nervonzuur (24:1) en Meadine zuur (20:3), en combinaties daarvan .Foam according to any of the preceding claims, wherein fatty acids are selected from acetic acid, proprionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecyclic acid, lauric acid, tridecyclic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, and mono-unsaturated equivalents thereof, and di-unsaturated equivalents thereof, such as ω-3 unsaturated, such as α-linolenic acid (18: 3), stearidonic acid (18: 4), eicosa-pentaenoic acid (20: 5) ) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6), ω-β unsaturated, such as linoleic acid (18: 2), γ-linolenic acid (18: 3), dihomo-Y-linolenic acid (20: 3), arachidonic acid (20: 4) , and adrenic acid (22: 4), ω-7 unsaturated, such as palmitoleic acid (16: 1), vaccenic acid (18: 1), and paullic acid (20: 1), and ω-9 unsaturated, such as oleic acid (18: 1) 1), elaidic acid (trans-18: 1), gondoic acid (20: 1), erucic acid (22: 1), nervonic acid (24: 1) and Meadic acid (20: 3), and combinations thereof.

8. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij etherische oliën zijn gekozen uit bessenoliën, zoals pimentolie, zwarte peperolie, cubebolie, jeneverbesolie en schisandraolie, zaadolie, zoals anijsolie, buchu olie, karwij olie, kardemom olie, wortelolie, selderij olie, korianderolie, cranberry olie, komijnolie, dille olie, venkelolie, fenegriek olie, hickory olie, moringa olie, mosterd olie, neem olie, nootmuskaat olie, peterselie olie, rozenbottel olie, en steranijs olie, schors oliën, zoals cassia olie, kaneel olie, My-roxylon olie, en sassafras olie, houtoliën, zoals agarwood olie, kamfer olie, ceder olie, palo santo olie, rozenhout olie, en sandelhout olie, wortelstok oliën, zoals laos olie, gember olie, nardus olie, Orris olie, en kurkuma olie, blad oliën, zoals agathosma olie, ajwain olie, basilicum olie, laurierblad olie, bittere sinaasappel olie, buchu olie, kaneel olie, citronella olie, gewone salie olie, costmary olie, cy-priol olie, eucalyptus olie, dennen olie, guldenroede olie, guave olie, henna olie, helichrysum olie, Laurus nobilis olie, Ledum olie, citroenmelisse olie, citroengras olie, majoraan olie, melaleuca olie, bijvoet olie, mirte olie, oregano-olie, patchouli olie, pennyroyal olie, pepermuntolie, perilla olie, dennen olie, ravensara olie, rozemarijn olie, groene munt olie, sparrenolie, dragon olie, tea tree olie, tijm olie, Tsu-ga olie, vetiverolie, en wintergroen olie, hars oliën, zoals benzoë olie, copaiba olie, wierook olie, galbanum olie, en mirre olie, bloem oliën, zoals cannabis olie, kamille olie, cistus olie, salie olie, kruidnagelolie, davana olie, geparfumeerde geraniumolie, hop olie, hysopolie, jasmijnolie, laven delolie, lotusbloemolie, manuka olie, marjoleinolie, neroli olie, oranje olie, rozenolie, hartige olie, duizendblad olie, en ylang-ylang olie, schil oliën, zoals bergamot olie, citroen olie, grapefruitolie, citroenolie, limoenolie, litsea cubeba olie, mandarijnolie, oranje olie, mandarijnolie, en worteloli-en, zoals engelwortelolie, asafoetida olie, calamusolie, mie-rikswortelolie, valeriaanolie, zedoary olie, en combinaties daarvan.A foam according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein essential oils are selected from berry oils, such as allspice oil, black pepper oil, cubeb oil, juniper oil and schisandra oil, seed oil, such as anise oil, buchu oil, caraway oil, cardamom oil, carrot oil, celery oil, coriander oil, cranberry oil, cumin oil, dill oil, fennel oil, fenugreek oil, hickory oil, moringa oil, mustard oil, neem oil, nutmeg oil, parsley oil, rosehip oil, and star anise oil, bark oils, such as cassia oil, cinnamon oil, My- roxylon oil, and sassafras oil, wood oils such as agarwood oil, camphor oil, cedar oil, palo santo oil, rosewood oil, and sandalwood oil, rhizome oils, such as laos oil, ginger oil, nardus oil, orris oil, and turmeric oil, leaf oils such as agathosma oil, ajwain oil, basil oil, bay leaf oil, bitter orange oil, buchu oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, common sage oil, costmary oil, cy-priol oil, eucalyptus oil, pine o lie, goldenrod oil, guava oil, henna oil, helichrysum oil, laurus nobilis oil, ledum oil, lemon balm oil, lemongrass oil, marjoram oil, melaleuca oil, mugwort oil, myrtle oil, oregano oil, patchouli oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil , perilla oil, pine oil, ravensara oil, rosemary oil, spearmint oil, tarragon oil, tea tree oil, thyme oil, tsu-ga oil, vetiver oil, and evergreen oil, resin oils such as benzoin oil, copaiba oil, frankincense oil, galbanum oil, and myrrh oil, flower oils such as cannabis oil, chamomile oil, cistus oil, sage oil, clove oil, davana oil, perfumed geranium oil, hop oil, hyssop oil, jasmine oil, laaf delolie, lotus flower oil, manuka oil, marjoram oil , neroli oil, orange oil, rose oil, savory oil, yarrow oil, and ylang-ylang oil, peel oils, such as bergamot oil, lemon oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, lime oil, litsea cubeba oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, mandarin oil, and carrot oils, such as angelica oil, asafoetida oil, calamus oil, horseradish oil, valerian oil, zedoary oil, and combinations thereof.

9. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de schuimvormende verbinding is gekozen uit polysorba-ten, zoals polysorbaat 20, polysorbaat 40, polysorbaat 60, en polysorbaat 80, cellulose, cellulosederivaten, zoals car-boxymethylcellulose, gomsoorten, zoals xanthaangom, polysa-chariden, gelen, zoals alginaat, lecithine, agar, propyleen-glycol, stearylcitraat, carrageen, polyglycerol, en combinaties daarvan.The foam of any preceding claim, wherein the foam-forming compound is selected from polysorbates, such as polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, and polysorbate 80, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethylcellulose, gums, such as xanthan gum, polysa charides, gels, such as alginate, lecithin, agar, propylene glycol, stearyl citrate, carrageenan, polyglycerol, and combinations thereof.

10. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de natuurlijke kleurstof is gekozen uit betanine (E162), anthocyaan (E163), capsanthine (E160c), lycopeen (E 160 d), amarant, saffraan, saffloer, en combinaties daarvan.The foam of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the natural dye is selected from betanine (E162), anthocyanin (E163), capsanthin (E160c), lycopene (E 160 d), amaranth, saffron, safflower, and combinations thereof.

11. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de smaakstof is gekozen uit esters en ethers, zoals isoamylacetaat, kaneelaldehyde, methylantranilaat, limoneen, ethyldecadienoaat, allylhexanoaat, ethylvanilline, methylsali-cylaat, en combinaties daarvan.A foam according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flavoring agent is selected from esters and ethers, such as isoamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, limonene, ethyl decadienoate, allyl hexanoate, ethylvanillin, methyl salicylate, and combinations thereof.

12. Schuim volgens één der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de andere natuurlijk voorkomende organische verbinding is gekozen uit anethol, L-limoneen, thymol, terpine limoneen, linalylacetaat, linalool, methylsalicycaat, eucalyptol, euge-nool, diallyl disulfide, geraniol, kamfer, methol, sinasappel-terpeen, D-limoneen, vitaminen, allicine, allantoïne, en combinaties daarvan.A foam according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the other naturally occurring organic compound is selected from anethol, L-limonene, thymol, terpine limonene, linalyl acetate, linalool, methylsalicycate, eucalyptol, eudenol, diallyl disulfide, geraniol, camphor, methol , orange terpene, D-limonene, vitamins, allicin, allantoin, and combinations thereof.

13. Werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van een schuim bij een jonge kip voor verbetering van de gezondheid, omvattende de stappen van, het verschaffen van een samenstelling, waarbij de samenstelling omvat 30-95 gew.% van een oplosmiddel, 0,1-50 gew.% van een schuimvormende verbinding, 0,1-25 gew.% van ten minste één actieve verbinding, waarbij de actieve verbinding wordt gekozen uit natuurlijk voorkomende verbindingen, zoals verzadigde en onverzadigde C2-C18 vetzuren, essentiële oliën, en andere organische verbindingen, 0,0-2 gew.% natuurlijk voorkomende kleurstof, en 0,0-2 gew.% natuurlijk voorkomende smaakstof, het genereren van een schuim van de verbinding, het verspreiden van het schuim over de jonge kip.A method for applying a foam to a young chicken for health improvement, comprising the steps of, providing a composition, the composition comprising 30-95% by weight of a solvent, 0.1-50% by weight % of a foam-forming compound, 0.1-25% by weight of at least one active compound, the active compound being selected from naturally occurring compounds, such as saturated and unsaturated C2 -C18 fatty acids, essential oils, and other organic compounds, 0.0-2% by weight of naturally occurring colorant, and 0.0-2% by weight of naturally occurring flavorant, generating a foam from the compound, spreading the foam over the young chicken.

14. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 13, waarbij de kippen 0-6 dagen oud zijn.The method of claim 13, wherein the chickens are 0-6 days old.

15. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 13 of 14, waarbij het schuim wordt aangebracht op een broederij.The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the foam is applied to a hatchery.