NL2014630A - Composite Laminate with Reinforcement of Metal Mesh. - Google Patents

Composite Laminate with Reinforcement of Metal Mesh. Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2014630A
NL2014630A NL2014630A NL2014630A NL2014630A NL 2014630 A NL2014630 A NL 2014630A NL 2014630 A NL2014630 A NL 2014630A NL 2014630 A NL2014630 A NL 2014630A NL 2014630 A NL2014630 A NL 2014630A
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
uni
fiber layer
directional
layer
directional fiber
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NL2014630A
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Dutch (nl)
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NL2014630B1 (en
Inventor
Shin Chang Yeou
Guey Hwang Diing
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Advanced Mat Tech Innovation Company
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Priority to NL2014630A priority Critical patent/NL2014630B1/en
Publication of NL2014630A publication Critical patent/NL2014630A/en
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Publication of NL2014630B1 publication Critical patent/NL2014630B1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A composite laminate includes two composite layers, at least one metal mesh of high strength and high capability of absorbing impact energy, and multiple unidirectional fibrous layers, wherein the metal mesh and the unidirectional fibrous layers are disposed between the two composite layers. By adding the metal mesh to a composite laminate for making parts, such as front forks, frames, and seat posts of bicycles, an interlocking structure can be formed in the composite laminate. Due to the metal mesh having high strength and toughness, a part being formed of the composite laminate will have a high strength and an enhanced impact resisting capacity and thus can be prevented from brittle fracture. Furthermore, with the metal-reinforced composite laminate, a failure of the part can be warned at an earlier time, so that the part can be prevented from catastrophic damages, thus ensuring safety for users.

Description

Composite Laminate with Reinforcement of Metal Mesh (a) Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a composite laminate and, more particularly, to a composite laminate that is added with a metal mesh. (b) Description of the Prior Art
Due to brittle fracture of conventional composite materials (such as carbon fabrics or glass fabrics), mechanical parts formed of conventional composite materials may encounter a catastrophic failure upon an impact force. As an example, when the front wheel of a bicycle is subject to a violent impact, if the steering tube is made of a conventional carbon fiber reinforced material, an instant fracture may occur at the portion of the tube near the crown of the front fork, the front wheel will immediately move away from the bicycle and thus the rider may have a fatal risk.
In view of the disadvantages of conventional composite materials, there is a need to develop a composite material that has an enhanced impact resisting capacity, so that a part formed of the composite material can be protected from brittle fracture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a composite laminate, which is added with a metal mesh of high strength and toughness to increase the strength and impact resisting capacity, so that the composite laminate can be protected from brittle fracture.
To achieve the above object, the composite laminate may comprise a first composite layer, a second composite layer, a metal mesh, an upper stack of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers, and a lower stack of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers.
The metal mesh, the upper stack of unidirectional fibrous layers, the lower stack of unidirectional fibrous layers are disposed between the first composite layer and the second composite layer. The unidirectional fibrous layers in ether stack can be aligned at the same direction or different directions. A unidirectional fibrous layer of the upper stack and a corresponding unidirectional fibrous layer of the lower stack can be aligned at the same direction.
The first composite layer, the second composite layer, the unidirectional fibrous layers can be made by using glass fabrics, carbon fabrics, mats, or unidirectional pre-pregs of carbon fibers.
In one embodiment, the upper stack includes a first unidirectional fibrous layer, a second unidirectional fibrous layer, and a third unidirectional layer; the lower stack includes a fourth unidirectional fibrous layer, a fifth unidirectional fibrous layer, and a sixth unidirectional layer. The first composite layer is bonded to the third unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the second unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the first unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bounded to a top surface of the metal mesh; the second composite layer is bonded to the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to a bottom surface of the metal mesh. The fibers of the first unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at the same direction. The fibers of the second unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the third unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the second unidirectional fibrous layer and the fiber direction of the third unidirectional fibrous layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer. The fibers of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer and the fiber direction of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer.
In another embodiment, the upper stack includes a first unidirectional fibrous layer, a second unidirectional fibrous layer, a third unidirectional layer, a seventh unidirectional fibrous layer, and an eighth unidirectional fibrous layer; the lower stack includes a fourth unidirectional fibrous layer, a fifth unidirectional fibrous layer, a sixth unidirectional layer, a ninth unidirectional fibrous layer, and a tenth unidirectional fibrous layer. The first composite layer is bonded to the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the seventh unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the third unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the second unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the first unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to a top surface of the metal sheet. The second composite layer is bonded to the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to a bottom surface of the metal sheet.
In a further embodiment, the composite laminate may comprise a first composite layer, a second composite layer, a first metal mesh, a second metal mesh, an upper stack of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers, and a lower stack of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers. The upper stack includes a first unidirectional fibrous layer, a second unidirectional fibrous layer, a third unidirectional layer, a seventh unidirectional fibrous layer, and an eighth unidirectional fibrous layer. The lower stack includes a fourth unidirectional fibrous layer, a fifth unidirectional fibrous layer, a sixth unidirectional layer, a ninth unidirectional fibrous layer, and a tenth unidirectional fibrous layer. The first composite layer is bonded to the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the seventh unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the first metal mesh which is in turn bonded to the third unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the second unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the first unidirectional fibrous layer. The second composite layer is bonded to the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the second metal mesh which is in turn bonded to the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer which is in turn bonded to the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer. The fibers of the first unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at the same direction. The fibers of the second unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the third unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the second unidirectional fibrous layer and the fiber direction of the third unidirectional fibrous layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer. The fibers of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer and the fiber direction of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer. The fibers of the seventh unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the seven unidirectional fibrous layer and the fiber direction of the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer. The fibers of the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer and the fibers of the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer and the fiber direction of the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer.
By adding a metal mesh with high strength and high capability of absorbing impact energy to a composite laminate (for making parts, such as front forks, frames, and seat posts of bicycles) , an interlocking structure can be formed in the composite laminate. Due to the metal mesh having high strength and toughness, a part being formed of the composite laminate will have a high strength and an enhanced impact resisting capacity and thus can be prevented from brittle fracture. Furthermore, with the metal-reinforced composite laminate, a failure of the part can be warned at an earlier time, so that the part can be prevented from catastrophic damages, thus ensuring safety for users .
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a composite laminate according to a first embodiment of the FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a composite laminate according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a composite laminate according to a third embodiment of the present invention .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, a composite laminate according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, which generally comprises a first composite layer 11, a second composite layer 12, a metal mesh 20, an upper stack 3 of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers, and a lower stack 300 of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers. As shown, the metal sheet 20, the upper stack 3, and the lower stack 300 are disposed between the first composite layer 11 and the second composite layer 12.
More specifically, the metal mesh 20 is disposed between the upper stack 3 and the lower stack 300/ the first composite layer 11 is disposed on an outer surface of the upper stack 3 distal from the metal mesh 20; the second composite layer 12 is disposed on an outer surface of the lower stack 300 distal from the metal mesh 20.
Preferably, the first composite layer 11 and the second composite layer 12 can be formed by using glass fabrics, carbon fabrics, or mats. The unidirectional fibrous layers in the upper stack 3 and the lower stack 300 can be formed by using unidirectional prepregs of carbon fibers. The composite laminate can be used to manufacture various parts, such as frame and front fork of bicycle, that meet the strength, weight distribution, and rigidity required for an application
More specifically, the upper stack 3 includes a first unidirectional fibrous layer 31, a second unidirectional fibrous layer 32, and a third unidirectional layer 33; the lower stack 300 includes a fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34, a fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35, and a sixth unidirectional layer 36.
In this embodiment, the unidirectional fibrous layers 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36 can be aligned at the same direction or different directions. Particularly, a fibrous layer of the upper stack 3 and a corresponding fibrous layer of the lower stack 300 can be aligned at the same direction; namely, the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31 and the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34 can be aligned at the same direction, the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 and the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 can be aligned at the same direction, the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 and the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 can be aligned at the same direction.
As shown in FIG. 1, the first composite layer 11 is bonded to the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 which is in turn bonded to the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 which is in turn bonded to the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31 which is in turn bounded to a top surface of the metal mesh 20; the second composite layer 12 is bonded to the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 which is in turn bonded to the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 which is in turn bonded to the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34 which is in turn bonded to a bottom surface of the metal mesh 20. A bonding between two adjacent layers of the composite laminate (including the bonding between the metal mesh and an adjacent fibrous layer) can be achieved by an adhesive resin.
More specifically, the fibers of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31 and the fibers of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34 are aligned at the same direction, for example, they can be aligned along a longitudinal direction of the composite laminate, which can be referred to as a direction of zero degree. The fibers of the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 and the fibers of the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 and the fiber direction of the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31. The fibers of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 and the fibers of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 and the fiber direction of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34.
By adding the metal mesh 20 with high strength and capability of absorbing impact energy to the unidirectional fibrous layers of the composite laminate, interlocking structures between the metal mesh 20 and the adjacent fibrous layers can be formed. Due to the high strength and toughness of the metal mesh 20 within the composite laminate, the strength and the impact resistance of the composite laminate can be increased significantly, so that the composite laminate can be prevented from brittle fracture. Thus, a part being formed of the metal reinforced composite laminate will have an enhanced strength and impact resistance. Furthermore, a failure of the part can be warned at an earlier time, so that the part can be prevented from catastrophic damages, so that the safety of users can be guaranteed.
Referring to FIG. 2, a composite laminate according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown, which generally comprises a first composite layer 11, a second composite layer 12, a metal mesh 20, an upper stack 3 of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers, and a lower stack 300 of multiple unidirectional fibrous layers. The upper stack 3 includes a first unidirectional fibrous layer 31, a second unidirectional fibrous layer 32, a third unidirectional layer 33, a seventh unidirectional fibrous layer 37, and an eighth unidirectional fibrous layer 38. The lower stack 300 includes a fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34, a fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35, a sixth unidirectional layer 36, a ninth unidirectional fibrous layer 39, and a tenth unidirectional fibrous layer 30.
As shown in FIG. 2, the first composite layer 31 is bonded to the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer 38 which is in turn bonded to the seventh unidirectional fibrous layer 37 which is in turn bonded to the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 which is in turn bonded to the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 which is in turn bonded to the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31 which is in turn bonded to a top surface of the metal sheet 20. The second composite layer 12 is bonded to the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer 30 which is in turn bonded to the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer 39 which is in turn bonded to the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 which is in turn bonded to the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 which is in turn bonded to the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34 which is in turn bonded to a bottom surface of the metal sheet 20. A bonding between two adjacent layers of the composite laminate (including the bonding between the metal mesh and an adjacent fibrous layer) can be achieved by an adhesive resin. More specifically, the fibers of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31 and the fibers of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34 are aligned at the same direction, for example, they can be aligned along a longitudinal direction of the composite laminate, which can be referred to as a direction of zero degree. The fibers of the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 and the fibers of the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 and the fiber direction of the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31. The fibers of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 and the fibers of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 and the fiber direction of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34. The fibers of the seventh unidirectional fibrous layer 37 and the fibers of the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer 38 are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the seven unidirectional fibrous layer 37 and the fiber direction of the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer 38 are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the firth unidirectional fibrous layer 34. The fibers of the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer 39 and the fibers of the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer 30 are aligned at different directions such that the fiber direction of the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer 39 and the fiber direction of the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer 30 are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34.
The second embodiment functions similar to the first embodiment. However, the second embodiment has additional unidirectional fibrous layers, including the seventh unidi rectional fibrous layer 37, the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer 38, the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer 39, and the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer 30.
As an example, in the first embodiment (see FIG. 1) and the second embodiment (see FIG. 2), the unidirectional fibrous layers 32, 33, 35, 36 can be aligned at specific directions, wherein the fiber direction of the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 is at an angle of 30 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 is at an angle of -30 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 is at an angle of 30 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34; the fiber direction of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 is at an angle of -30 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34.
As another example, in the first and second embodiments, the unidirectional fibrous layers 32, 33, 35 and 36 can be aligned at specific directions, wherein the fiber direction of the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 is at an angle of 45 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 is at an angle of -45 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 is at an angle of 45 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34; the fiber direction of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 is at an angle of -45 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34.
As a further example, in the second embodiment (see FIG. 2), the unidirectional fibrous layers 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 30 can be aligned at specific directions, wherein the fiber direction of the second unidirectional fibrous layer 32 is at an angle of 30 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 is at an angle of -30 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the fifth unidirectional fibrous layer 35 is at an angle of 30 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34; the fiber direction of the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 is at an angle of -30 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34; the fiber direction of the seventh unidirectional fibrous layer 37 is at an angle of 45 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the eighth unidirectional fibrous layer 38 is at an angle of -45 degrees to the fiber direction of the first unidirectional fibrous layer 31; the fiber direction of the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer 39 is at an angle of 45 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34; the fiber direction of the tenth unidirectional fibrous layer 30 is at an angle of -45 degrees to the fiber direction of the fourth unidirectional fibrous layer 34.
Referring to FIG. 3, a composite laminate according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown, which functions similar to the previous embodiments, wherein two metal meshes 20 are employed. The upper metal mesh 20 is disposed between the third unidirectional fibrous layer 33 and the seventh unidirectional fibrous layer 37 of the upper stack 3, whereas the lower metal mesh 20 is disposed between the sixth unidirectional fibrous layer 36 and the ninth unidirectional fibrous layer 39 of the lower stack 300. By adding additional metal sheets to the composite laminate, the strength and the impact resisting capacity of the composite laminate can be further increased.
For increasing the bonding between the metal mesh 20 and its adjacent fibrous layers, the size of the metal mesh 20 has to match the diameter of the fibers of the adjacent fibrous layers. Preferably, the size of the metal mesh 20 is between 80 and 500 of ASTM standard.
Preferably, the metal mesh 20 is coated with a primer or priming agent for conditioning the surface to improve the bonding between the metal mesh and the adhesive resin, so that the metal mesh 20 can be effectively bonded to the adjacent fibrous layers. For conditioning a stainless steel mesh, the primers including a phosphate monomer (10— methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; MDP), such as Alloy Primer and Estenia Opaque Primer (both manufactured by Kuraray Medical Inc.) can be used.
The metal mesh 20 can be a woven or knitted product of metal threads. The material of the metal threads can be selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and copper alloy.
The composite laminates of the present invention can be used to manufactures various parts of bicycles, such as front fork, frame, seat post, handlebar, rim, and crank shaft.
As described above, the first composite layer 11 and the second composite layer 12 can be formed by using glass fabrics, carbon fabrics, or mats, while the unidirectional fibrous layers can be formed by using unidirectional pre-pregs of carbon fibers.
The following paragraphs will describe four tests (Testl, Test 2, Test 3 and Test 4) being conducted to show the effects of the composite laminates of the present invention .
Test 1 is concerned with an impact resistance test for a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate without any metal meshes and a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a metal mesh, both of which can be used to manufacture the steering tube of a bicycle. Specimens involved in this test are divided into two categories: category A and category B.
Category A is concerned with the specimens of a composite laminate without any metal meshes, which has a total thickness of 2.2 mm. The laminate is structured as: glass fabric/45 degrees fibrous layer/-45 degrees fibrous lay-er/30 degrees fibrous layer/-30 degrees fibrous layer/ zero degree fibrous layer/zero degree fibrous layer/-30 degrees fibrous layer/30 degrees fibrous layer/-45 degrees fibrous layer/45 degrees fibrous layer/ glass fabric, wherein the glass fabric is a plain weave fabric having a weight of 164 g/m2; each of the fibrous layers is a unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg having a weight of 150 g/m2 and being aligned at a direction as specified, wherein two of the fibrous layers are aligned at a direction of zero degree. Each specimen of Category A has a dimension of 12.7 mm (width) * 63.5 mm (length).
Category B is concerned with the specimens of a composite laminate with a metal mesh, which has a total thickness of 2.2 mm. The laminate is structured as: glass fab ric/45 degrees fibrous layer/-45 degrees fibrous layer/30 degrees fibrous layer/-30 degrees fibrous layer/ zero degree fibrous layer/metal mesh/zero degree fibrous layer/-30 degrees fibrous layer/30 degrees fibrous layer/-45 degrees fibrous layer/45 degrees fibrous layer/glass fabric, wherein the glass fabric and the fibrous layers are same as the counterparts of the specimens of Category A; the metal mesh, being made of stainless steel, is of 150-size according to ASTM standard. Each specimen of Category B has a dimension of 12.7 mm (width) * 63.5 mm (length).
The impact resistance test is performed by a testing machine according to ASTM D256 Izod method.
The results of Test 1 are listed in the following table :
The above test results shows that the impact resistance of the specimens of a composite laminate being added with a stainless steel mesh is increased by 25% when compared with the impact resistance of the specimens of a composite laminate without any metal meshes.
Test 2 is concerned with an impact resistance test for a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate without any metal meshes, a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a metal mesh, and a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with two metal meshes. Specimens involved in this test are divided into threes categories: category A, category B, and category C.
Category A of this test is concerned with the specimens of a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate without any metal meshes, wherein the composite laminate is structured the same as the specimens of Category A of Test 1.
Category B of this test is concerned with the specimens of a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a 150-size, stainless steel mesh, wherein the composite laminate is structured the same as the specimens of Category B of Test 1.
Category C of this test is concerned with the specimens of a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with two 150-size, stainless steel meshes, wherein one stainless steel mesh is disposed at 1/3 of the thickness of the composite laminate, while the other stainless steel mesh is disposed at 2/3 of the thickness of the composite laminate.
The specimens (i.e., the steering tubes) of the above categories of this test are formed by a conventional blowmolding process under pressure of 12 kg/cm2 and temperature of 145 degrees C.
The impact resistance test is performed by a testing machine according to the rearward impact test of EN 14781 4.9.5 standard, wherein the hammer of the testing machine has a weight of 22.5 kg and is arranged at a height of 640 mm; a specimen (steering tube together with a front fork) to be tested is rigidly mounted on the machine (see FIG. 4) . A tested steering tube of Category A (without any metal meshes), wherein the steering tube is fractured at the portion about 6 to 8 cm from the crown .of the front fork. When such a fracture occurs at the steering tube of a bicycle, it is quite likely that the rider will have a fatal risk. A tested steering tube of Category B (with a 150-size, 3.5 g, stainless steel mesh added to the steering tube at the portion about 5 to 15 cm from the crown of the front fork), wherein the steering tube is not fractured into two separate pieces, but only a surface crack is produced at the portion about 8 cm from the crown. Obviously, the use of a metal mesh into a composite laminate can prevent a catastrophic breakage of the composite laminate, thus ensuring safety for users. A tested steering tube of Category C (with two 150-size, 3.5 g, stainless steel meshes added to the steering tube), wherein only a small impression is produced at the portion about 8 cm from the crown of the front fork. Obviously, the use of two metal meshes into a composite laminate can further increase the safety.
The above test results show that the addition of one metal mesh (total weight 3.5 g) or two metal meshes (total weight 7g) into a composite laminate, which occupies only 1% or 2 % of a front fork (about 360 g), can significantly improve the impact strength, and this demonstrates the advantages of the composite laminates of the present invention .
Test 3 is concerned with a tensile strength test for a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate without any metal meshes, a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a metal mesh being not coated with a primer, and a steering tube formed of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a metal mesh being coated with a primer. Specimens involved in this test are divided into threes categories: category A, category B, and category C.
Category A of this test is concerned with the specimens of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate without any metal meshes, which is structured the same as the specimens of Category A of Test 1.
Category B of this test is concerned with the specimens of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a 150-size, stainless steel mesh being not coated with a primer, which is structured the same as the specimens of Category B of Test 1.
Category C of this test is concerned with the specimens of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a 150-size, stainless steel mesh being coated with a primer, which is structured the same as the specimens of Category B of Testl.
The tensile strength test is performed by a testing machine according to ASTM D3039 standard.
The results of Test 3 are listed in the following table :
The above test results show that the tensile strength of the specimens of Category B (with a stainless steel mesh without a primer) is increased by 4 % when compared with the tensile strength of the specimens of Category A (without any metal meshes) ; the tensile strength of the specimens of Category C (with a stainless steel mesh being coated with a primer) is increased by 45 % when compared with the tensile strength of the specimens of Category A (without any metal meshes). The reason is that the adhesive resin used in the composite laminates cannot effectively bond the stainless mesh to the adjacent fibrous layers. The primer used in the specimens of Category C can help the stainless steel mesh be bonded to the adjacent fibrous layers.
Test 4 is concerned with a compression test for a steering tube formed of a carbon reinforced composite laminate without any metal meshes, a steering tube formed of a carbon reinforced composite laminate with a metal sheet near an outer surface of the laminate, and a steering tube formed of a carbon reinforced composite laminate with a metal sheet near an inner surface of the laminate. Specimens involved in this test are divided into three categories: Category I, Category II, and Category III.
Category I is concerned with the specimens of a steering tube of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate without any metal meshes.
Category II is concerned with the specimens of a steering tube of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a metal mesh, wherein the metal mesh is disposed in the composite laminate, near its outer surface.
Category III is concerned with the specimens of a steering tube of a carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with a metal mesh, wherein the metal mesh is disposed in the composite laminate, near its inner surface.
Following table shows a photograph of a tested steering tube of Category I (without any metal meshes), a tested steering tube of Category II (with a metal mesh near the outer surface of the steering tube), a tested steering tube of Category III (with a metal mesh near the inner surface of the steering tube) .The crushing load and the stiffness of the steering tubes are listed in the following table:
From the above test results, it is proved that a metal mesh added to a composite laminate allows the compression resistance of a steering tube formed of the composite laminate to be increased. Furthermore, a steering tube formed of a composite laminate being added with a metal mesh near its inner surface will have a best compression resistance, which is almost double of the compression resistance of a steering tube formed of a composite laminate without any metal meshes.
In view of the foregoing, it is clear that the present invention has the following features and advantages: 1. By adding a metal sheet to a composite laminate, the strength and impact resisting capacity can be increased, and a failure of a part formed of the composite laminate can be warned at an earlier time, so that the part can be prevented from catastrophic damages due to brittle fracture. 2. A metal mesh being coated with a primer can improve the bonding between the metal mesh and its adjacent fibrous layers . 3. The pliability of a metal mesh allows a composite laminate incorporating the metal mesh to be formed into a desired shape for making a part.
The above embodiments are used merely for illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, but not intended for limiting the scope of the present invention. It is understood that those skilled in the art can make various modifications for the embodiments. The scope of the present invention should be interpreted by the claims hereinafter appended.

Claims (15)

1. Samengesteld laminaat, omvattende een eerste samengestelde laag, een tweede samengestelde laag, een metalen netwerk, een bovengelegen stapel van meerdere uni-directionele vezellagen, en een ondergelegen stapel van meerdere uni-directionele vezellagen, waarbij het metalen netwerk aangebracht is tussen de bovengelegen stapel van uni-directionele vezellagen en de ondergelegen stapel van uni-directionele vezellagen; en, waarbij de eerste samengestelde laag aangebracht is op een buitenoppervlak van de bovengelegen stapel, distaai van het metalen netwerk, en de tweede samengestelde laag aangebracht is op een buitenoppervlak van de ondergelegen stapel, distaai van het metalen netwerk.A composite laminate comprising a first composite layer, a second composite layer, a metal mesh, an upper stack of a plurality of uni-directional fiber layers, and a lower stack of a plurality of uni-directional fiber layers, the metal mesh being disposed between the upper pile of uni-directional fiber layers and the underlying pile of uni-directional fiber layers; and wherein the first composite layer is disposed on an outer surface of the upper stack, distal from the metal network, and the second composite layer is applied on an outer surface of the lower stack, distal from the metal network. 2. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de afmeting van het metalen netwerk tussen 80 en 500 van de ASTM standaard ligt.Composite laminate according to claim 1, wherein the size of the metal network is between 80 and 500 of the ASTM standard. 3. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 2, waarbij het metalen netwerk met een laag primer bedekt is voor het verbeteren van de binding tussen het metalen netwerk en de aangrenzende uni-directionele vezellagen.The composite laminate of claim 2, wherein the metal network is coated with a layer of primer to improve bonding between the metal network and the adjacent unidirectional fiber layers. 4. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 3, waarbij de bovengelegen stapel omvat: een eerste uni-directionele vezellaag, een tweede uni-directionele vezellaag en een derde laag uni-directionele vezellaag; de ondergelegen stapel omvat: een vierde uni-directionele vezellaag, een vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag en een zesde uni-directionele laag; waarbij de eerste samengestelde laag gebonden is aan de derde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan een bovenoppervlak van het metalen netwerk; de tweede samengestelde laag gebonden is aan de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de vijfde uni-directionele ve- zellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan een onderoppervlak van het metalen netwerk.The composite laminate of claim 3, wherein the upper stack comprises: a first uni-directional fiber layer, a second uni-directional fiber layer and a third layer of uni-directional fiber layer; the lower stack comprises: a fourth uni-directional fiber layer, a fifth uni-directional fiber layer and a sixth uni-directional layer; the first composite layer being bonded to the third unidirectional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the second unidirectional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the first unidirectional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to an upper surface of the metal network; the second composite layer is bonded to the sixth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the fifth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the fourth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded on a lower surface of the metal network. 5. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 4, waarbij de vezels van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in dezelfde richting; de vezels van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag.The composite laminate of claim 4, wherein the fibers of the first uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in the same direction; the fibers of the second uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the third uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the second uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the third uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer. 6. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 5, waarbij de vezelrichting van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 30 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -30 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 30 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -30 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag.The composite laminate of claim 5, wherein the fiber direction of the second uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 30 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the third uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -30 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 30 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -30 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer. 7. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 5, waarbij de vezelrichting van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 45 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -45 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 45 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -45 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag.The composite laminate of claim 5, wherein the fiber direction of the second uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the third uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -45 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -45 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer. 8. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 3, waarbij de bovengelegen stapel omvat: een eerste uni-directionele vezellaag, een tweede uni-directionele vezellaag, een derde uni-directionele laag, een zevende uni-directionele vezellaag en een achtste uni-directionele vezellaag; de ondergelegen stapel omvat: een vierde uni-directionele vezellaag, een vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag, een zesde uni-directionele laag, een negende uni-directionele vezellaag en een tiende uni-directionele vezellaag; de eerste samengestelde laag gebonden is aan de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de derde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan een bovenoppervlak van de metalen plaat; de tweede samengestelde laag gebonden is aan de tiende uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de negende uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de zesde uni-directionele, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan een bodemoppervlak van de metalen plaat; de vezels van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in dezelfde richting; de vezels van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de negende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de tiende uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de negende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de tiende uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van vierde uni-directionele vezellaag.The composite laminate of claim 3, wherein the upper stack comprises: a first uni-directional fiber layer, a second uni-directional fiber layer, a third uni-directional layer, a seventh uni-directional fiber layer and an eighth uni-directional fiber layer; the lower stack comprises: a fourth uni-directional fiber layer, a fifth uni-directional fiber layer, a sixth uni-directional layer, a ninth uni-directional fiber layer and a tenth uni-directional fiber layer; the first composite layer is bonded to the eighth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the seventh uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the third uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the second uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the first uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to an upper surface of the metal plate; the second composite layer is bonded to the tenth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the ninth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the sixth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the fifth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the fourth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to a bottom surface of the metal plate; the fibers of the first uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in the same direction; the fibers of the second uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the third uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the second uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the third uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the seventh uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the eighth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the seventh uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the eighth uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of fifth uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the ninth uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the tenth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the ninth uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the tenth uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of fourth uni-directional fiber layer. 9. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 8, waarbij de vezelrichting van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 30 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -30 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 30 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -30 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 45 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -45 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de negende uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 45 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de tiende uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -45 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag.The composite laminate of claim 8, wherein the fiber direction of the second uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 30 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the third uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -30 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 30 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -30 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the seventh uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the eighth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -45 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the ninth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the tenth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -45 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer. 10. Samengesteld laminaat, omvattende een eerste samengestelde laag, een tweede samengestelde laag, een eerste metalen netwerk, een tweede metalen netwerk, een bovengelegen stapel van meerdere uni-directionele vezellagen, en een ondergelegen stapel van meerdere uni-directionele vezellagen; waarbij de bovengelegen en ondergelegen stapels aangebracht zijn tussen de eerste en tweede samengestelde lagen; de eerste en tweede metalen netwerken respectievelijk aangebracht zijn in de bovengelegen en ondergelegen stapels.A composite laminate comprising a first composite layer, a second composite layer, a first metal network, a second metal network, an upper stack of multiple unidirectional fiber layers, and a lower stack of multiple uni-directional fiber layers; the upper and lower stacks being arranged between the first and second composite layers; the first and second metal networks are respectively arranged in the upper and lower stacks. 11. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 10, waarbij de bovengelegen stapel omvat: een eerste uni-directionele vezellaag, een tweede uni-directionele vezellaag, een derde uni-directionele laag, een zevende uni-directionele vezellaag en een achtste uni-directionele vezellaag; de ondergelegen stapel omvat: een vierde uni-directionele vezellaag, een vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag, een zesde uni-directionele laag, een negende uni-directionele vezellaag en een tiende uni-directionele vezellaag; de eerste samengestelde laag gebonden is aan de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan het eerste metalen netwerk, dat op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de derde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de tweede samengestelde laag gebonden is aan de tiende uni-directionele ve- zellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de negende uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan het tweede metalen netwerk, dat op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag, die op zijn beurt gebonden is aan de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in dezelfde richting; de vezels van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de tweede uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezels van de negende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezels van de tiende uni-directionele vezellaag uitgelijnd zijn in verschillende richtingen, zodanig dat de vezelrichting van de negende uni-directionele vezellaag en de vezelrichting van de tiende uni-directionele vezellaag symmetrisch zijn om de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag.The composite laminate of claim 10, wherein the upper stack comprises: a first uni-directional fiber layer, a second uni-directional fiber layer, a third uni-directional layer, a seventh uni-directional fiber layer and an eighth uni-directional fiber layer; the lower stack comprises: a fourth uni-directional fiber layer, a fifth uni-directional fiber layer, a sixth uni-directional layer, a ninth uni-directional fiber layer and a tenth uni-directional fiber layer; the first composite layer is bonded to the eighth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the seventh uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the first metal network, which in turn is bonded to the third uni -directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the second uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the first uni-directional fiber layer; the second composite layer is bonded to the tenth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the ninth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the second metal network, which in turn is bonded to the sixth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the fifth uni-directional fiber layer, which in turn is bonded to the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the first uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in the same direction; the fibers of the second uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the third uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the second uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the third uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the seventh uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the eighth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the seventh uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the eighth uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fibers of the ninth uni-directional fiber layer and the fibers of the tenth uni-directional fiber layer are aligned in different directions such that the fiber direction of the ninth uni-directional fiber layer and the fiber direction of the tenth uni-directional fiber layer are symmetrical about the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer. 12. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 11, waarbij de afmeting van elk van het eerste en tweede metalen netwerk tussen 80 en 500 van de ASTM standaard ligt.The composite laminate of claim 11, wherein the size of each of the first and second metal networks is between 80 and 500 of the ASTM standard. 13. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 12, waarbij elk van het eerste en tweede metalen netwerk met een laag primer bedekt is voor het verbeteren van de binding tussen het metalen netwerk en de aangrenzende uni-directionele vezellagen daarvan.The composite laminate of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second metal mesh is coated with a layer of primer to improve bonding between the metal mesh and the adjacent unidirectional fiber layers thereof. 14. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 13, waarbij de vezelrichting van de tweede uni-directionele vezel-laag een hoek maakt van 30 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de derde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -30 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de vijfde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 30 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de zesde uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -30 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de zevende uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 45 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de achtste uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -45 graden met de vezelrichting van de eerste uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de negende uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van 45 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag; de vezelrichting van de tiende uni-directionele vezellaag een hoek maakt van -45 graden met de vezelrichting van de vierde uni-directionele vezellaag.The composite laminate of claim 13, wherein the fiber direction of the second uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 30 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the third uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -30 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the fifth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 30 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the sixth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -30 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the seventh uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the eighth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -45 degrees with the fiber direction of the first uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the ninth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer; the fiber direction of the tenth uni-directional fiber layer makes an angle of -45 degrees with the fiber direction of the fourth uni-directional fiber layer. 15. Samengesteld laminaat volgens conclusie 1 of 10, waarbij de eerste en tweede samengestelde lagen gevormd zijn uit glasmateriaal, koolstofmateriaal of matten; de uni-directionele vezellagen gevormd zijn uit uni-directionele prepregs van koolstofvezels.The composite laminate of claim 1 or 10, wherein the first and second composite layers are formed from glass material, carbon material or mats; the uni-directional fiber layers are formed from uni-directional prepregs of carbon fibers.
NL2014630A 2015-04-14 2015-04-14 Composite Laminate with Reinforcement of Metal Mesh. NL2014630B1 (en)

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EP2085215A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-08-05 GTM Holding B.V. High-toughness fiber-metal laminate
US20130052897A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Cytec Technology Corp. Interlaminar toughening of thermoplastics
WO2014044648A2 (en) * 2012-09-18 2014-03-27 Nv Bekaert Sa Organosheet as a distance keeper in impact beam
FR3005688A1 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-21 Cera DEVICE FOR FLEXIBLE CONNECTION BETWEEN AN ENGINE AND AN EXHAUST LINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2085215A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-08-05 GTM Holding B.V. High-toughness fiber-metal laminate
US20130052897A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Cytec Technology Corp. Interlaminar toughening of thermoplastics
WO2014044648A2 (en) * 2012-09-18 2014-03-27 Nv Bekaert Sa Organosheet as a distance keeper in impact beam
FR3005688A1 (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-11-21 Cera DEVICE FOR FLEXIBLE CONNECTION BETWEEN AN ENGINE AND AN EXHAUST LINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE

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