NL1043996B1 - Aluminium frame building, build element and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

UITTREKSEL De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een constructief element zoals ligger, in het bijzonder staander of kolom in aluminium, het element voorzien van een langwerpig hol, 5 grotendeels rechthoekig profiel zoals genomen in dwarsdoorsnede, in het bijzonder door middel van extrusie, waarbij het element een verlenging heeft van een lengte die typisch ten minste wordt aangenomen tot gemeenschappelijke vloerafstanden in de woningbouw, de dwarsdoorsnede toont laterale holle profielwanden die zich over een bepaalde breedte uitstrekken, en dwarse holle profielwanden met een bepaalde diepte, die zich uitstrekken 10 tussen de twee zijwanden, het element bij één dwarswand voorzien van een profilering voor een passende verbinding van het element met daarin een verder elementdeel gespiegeld ten opzichte van het element. 1043996

Description

ALUMINIUM FRAME BUILDING, BUILD ELEMENT AND METHOD THEREFOR [aoe] The present invention relates to large buildings erected by means ofan alomimn stands and girders framework, structural elements such as girders for the same and method of building in aluminum. The type of buildings the present invention relates to comprises multilayer parking garages and/or office and domestic structures, capable of supporting considerable weight in a long lasting safe, and sufficiently five withstanding manner, yet enabling the application of aluminum material as at least part of the building, 1 [0092] Such type of large structures are known in other material such as wood, concrete and iron or steel, op. from the 2099 publication in Technisch Weekblad "Tijdelijke parkeergarage bidet de oplossing’ (Temporary parking garage provides the solution}, in which a demountable parking building is proposed, using a construction frame in steel elements and light weight parking floor parts in glass fiber composite. However, the IS material shuninum up to date, for as far in connection with building, is mostly applied in the form of so called profiles, e.g. in the form of window or door frames. When it comes to real building, aluminum building elements are known for relatively small, Le. often single layer buildings such as in horticulture or in event podiums or stands. Girders in such buildings are in the form of profiles, hollow tubes or at best in the form of built up trusses.

[03] In cases where heavy loads are carried by aluminum structures, these typically are of dedicated such as military nature, rather than as g desired economic basic building element such as girder or stand, Henee the known ahiminam building elements are incapable, certainly not typically suited or desired for use in large structures such as multilayer dwelling blocks, office buildings and garages. Yet the aluminum material not only has the value of being light weight, bol also of being entirely and relatively easily re useable as is in these day highly desired for realizing a cirenlar economy.

[0004] In the present invention hence, a fundamental improvement is made in the 3 practice of constructing buildings, whether temporary or permanently or seny permanently, by providing one or more of newly developed designs for construction elerpent designs including for realiving at least part of a framework for a building in aluminum material, and a building method suitable for applying this material.

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[0905] One such new clement or method developed in view of realizing the goal of the present Invention relates to a so called stand or Column, Le. a to be vertically included aluminium element for supporting a building, which has in accordance with this invention been defined as a constructive element such as girder, in particular stand or column in ghoniniug, the element provided in an elongated hollow, largely rectangular profile as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the element having an elongation of a length at least adopted to one of common flooring distances in domestic building, the cross section showing lateral hollow profile walls extending over certain width, and transverse hollow profile walls of certain depth, extending between the two lateral walls, the element at one transverse wall provided with a profiling for matching connection of the element with a finther element part included mirrored to said element, With this measure, the invention achieves that very tall buildings may be erected oven when the ahumintam profiles as extruded in their largest form as available in the world, would stil! not be strong enough for such application. Using a profile as described in conjunction with enlarging the cross section thereof in a smart manner, i.e, as defined in practice, despite long standing prejudice, allows for using columns in aluminium in even large buildings, Le. typically more than 4 stories of height, foaos] Ia such column design and element profiling according to the invention, the connection profiling is included at and transverse to 8 transverse wall of the hollow profiling. In such design, the transverse wall remote from the connection profiling may favourably be of a thickness larger than the thickness of another inner or outer wall part of the hollow profile. More in detail, the clement may be composed, as taken in cross section, of two clement sections connected to one another, cg. by bolting or welding.

[0007] Ina favourable embodiment, the transverse wall at the connection profiling is of smaller thickness than the lateral hollow profile walls. According to a further development, the connection profiling is based on an at least partial continuation of a lateral wall. In such, the continuation may be of reduced thickness, typically to about 50% of thickness, the reduction in particular realised at an outer wall side of the continuation.

[0008] Also, one continuation may he slightly longer than the continuation at the opposite lateral outer wall continuation, typically over a length matching the thickness of the continued wall section, and protruding directly along the inner side of a projection of

Zn the inner wall face of the lateral wall, In a further elaboration thereof the shorter lateral wall continuation is provided with an end face bevelled with an outward facing plane, This feature facilitates welding of the two projections in that it forms a receiving basis as it were for the material that becomes soft during welding, and it may in principle § contribute to the strength of the welding through attachment of material to it.

[ooo] In yet further elaboration of a particularly suited profile in accordance with the invention, the element, at the transverse wall opposite the transverse wall with none identical connection profiling, is provided with a profiling in the form of a continuation of the lateral side walls. The continuation may be at least about half the distance between the two transverse walls of the hollow profile. At the opposite wall side, the connection profiling is of a length extending over at least about a quarter of the distance between the transverse walls of the element profile. It may be clear henze, that an clement in accordance with the invention may be composed of two hollow element sections, included mutually mirrored as taken in cross section, and connected by a welding seem, in particular at the bevelled end face of one of the two lateral wall continuations.

[0910] Further, especially at end walls of a building, an outermost face of a profile according to this invention may be completed by a further, either hollow or else open profiled element, extending over at least virtually the entire length of the element, thus also forming or providing a re-enforcing of one or more column elements, however without having the full space occupation as in the cross section of two clement profiles. Tu this respect, an end profiling may be shaped in the U form that is defined by the rejuvenated projections and the in principle rejuvenated transverse side wall, hence by only part of an element in accordance with the invention. Such further profiling sets forth a re~enforcement of the element by being firmly connected to the element, e.g. by bolting or welding. H goes without saying in this context that the further profiling is at least largely U-shaped, and of a thickness matching the thickness of the outward continuation of the lateral walls of the element. fo011} The construction system according to the invention includes as outcome a durable and flexible modular construction work such as a packing garage, with which an above-ground building as for mobile or permanent living, shop and/or offices complex,

Ae may be realised, Le. erected, with or without or entirely as parking garage, quickly and with ttle inconvenience to the surroundings.

[0012] A building according to the invention may at a later stage, simply and with relatively little cost be taken down, deleted, moved, modified, or fitted into a permanent situation on location or elsewhere.

[00131 At least tf implemented as parking garage Parking, actually as a Modular Parking Concept (MPC) a building according to the invention is at this time g, if not the most future-proof, durable and most economical solution. Because of the inherently representative design and low-maintenance construction, the concept is also well suited asa permanent parking facility, which will be with low running, i.e. exploitation costs.

[0014] A building sccording to the invention is, partly to increase the commercial feasibility, may also be used in combination with other features, such as commercial spaces in the form of shops, offices, bieycle parking and other social facilities, e.g. on the ground floor. Also storages and/or self-storage may be integrated, e.g. as in a middie {3 floor, A building on the basis of the present invention may typically also be equipped with leisure, sports and/or green facilities, in particular applied to the roof level

[0015] A building on the basis of the present invention is also well suited for having finished the facades in various forms of architectural appearance, allowing an optimal urban integration could be achieved, and may also casily be used for advertising 23 purposes. {001s} Ina favourable implementation a building according to the invention is based on a concept for a system garage for demountable, preferably but not necesarily coated aluminium components such as columns and main carriers, equipped with again, preferably coated aluminium floors, These are typically provided in a standard master of

16.20 metres x 5.40 m, The building according to the invention is further characterised in that at least the structural components and hence also the floor elements completely reusable "cradle-to-cradle" aluminium system components. The components are preferably finished with a sustainable, environmentally friendly, low-maintenance and fire-retardant coating, well-known in itself, however up to now only, yet already for decades, applied the offshore. With a layer thickness of 2 mm or less, such coating guarantees a fire retardancy of the entire main supporting structure of at least 60 minutes.

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[10017] The system components are mutually coupled by so-called "click-and-plug” connections, and trimmed/imposed with rubber system profiles. W&E transit facilities may be integrated in the hollow spaces of the columns.

[0918] The headroom in the framework, hence also at application as a garage provides below the main joints, Le. main girders, 2.60 mand below the in between floor construction ca. 3.10 m, The hollow aluminium floorboards are typically 0.15 cm high and are typically provided in cartridges of 2.00 x 5.00 m according to a "click" floor connection system. The are preferably, e.g. by way of finishing, mutually fixed by means of aluminium welding, seam welding in particular. In a parking dedicated pan of the 18 building the standard subjects or parking lots are typically of an arca of 2.50 by 5.15 m. The roads in the concept according to the invention preferably have one-way traffic between the parking bays.

{60191 The coating of the main supporting structure is available in multiple colours, as well as the rough coating of the parking floors, making the experience of the car park up to the expectations of the contemporary user, the operator, the owner and the surrounding area.

{00201 This protective coating is very durable, with a warranty for a period of 10 years, and therewith takes il, compared to the average coating with the same purpose in existing parking garages, to relatively much lower annual operating costs.

[0023] The framework of the building consists of light weight, smartly prefabricated and "40-foot"-containerproof ® transportable system components, allowing fast realisation with less associated noise pollution, The result is a sustainable and high-quality parking garage which later, if necessary, is casy to increase, reduce, to move or remove.

[0022] The basic concept of a building in accordance with the present invention, that is to say, without additional reinforcements or bracing, provides for a standard parking of up to at least 4 parking levels in a simplified, first extrusion parts only embodiment, ie. without e.g. cast alaminium intermediate elements, and considerably higher in a further elaboration of the invention involving cast aluminium intermediate elements, Certainly with reinforcement braces in the facades the garage may simply be adjusted to any height.

Incidentally, also the span of a main joist, alternatively denoted girder according to the invention, or the load capacity thereof may relatively easily be increased usmg further

Ge measures in accordance with the invention, in particular by means of appropriate internal, as hollow profile executed elements, 100231 The parking lots “on the roof", ie. on the top deck, may separately be provided with a roof awning. In thelr combination with solar panels, the garage may completely provide in ity own energy needs.

[0024] The relatively very light weight of a building according to the invention in relation to buildings in steel or concrete, up to 45 kg/m2 per parking layer in the case of an application, cause a heavy foundation construction to be unnecessary in most cases. Also, the use of a heavy crane during the construction phase, the heaviest construction component weighs approximately 900 kg, is in a building and at a process for building according to the invention is not needed. On top of that, a fully equipped high quality parking garage may, with the inventive measures as described, be attained in a relatively short time. One which additionally may be disassembled or relocated quickly.

[0025] The flexibility and robustness of the construction elements according to the invention enables virtually each layout imaginable, and makes extension simple, both in height, length and width, In case of a gavage application, the ramps are free adaptable, inside or outside, and are standard equipped with a stiff row, Le. driving or upper coat. As an option a heating system is provided in the ramps. This construction and manner constructing according to the invention furthermore is also good for embankment, Le.

topping up of existing parking garages or buildings. : 0026] The present invention hence in fact enables in this way that necessary parking capacity is always available at any time and optimized within the spatial possibilities, also as the need changes the fisture toes, Also, investroents with a building or construction according to the invention are consequently efficiently deployed and utibized. {0027} Hence, with the present invention, to investors bet on a building according to the invention is a bet on security. This is not least instance due to the in time increasing residual value of the aluminium construction materials. Also, operators of the present invention are at a reduced risk because the parking, at least user capacity can be phased 20 out, generally aligned with the required capacity, so that revenues and costs may be proportioned in Hoe with each other.

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[0028] A building according to the invention, at least an application thereof as parking garage meets all conteraporary requirements imposed by laws and regulations, as well as the applicable design requirements. Thus, the construction is resistant to a maximum wind load 00.5 kN/m2, as is internationally put as a standard to buildings of a maximum height of 10.00 m, Starting point is "natural ventilation” in the parking garage, which means, that of the two facing facades on the long side of a garage of the invention are at least 30% “open”.

[0026] The default sizing of the Parking Bay classification is based on standards of the European Parking Association EPA and more particularly on the Dutch standard NEN 2443, revised version 2012, which goes beyond the generic quality of built parking facilities at European level. [00307 The new parking garage is as standard equipped with aluminium staircases, in a raster of 5.30 x 5.00 mn, The stairs are equipped with intermediate landings per level The steps of the stairs are standard anti slip, In a preferred design the maximum walking distance to a stairwell from any point in the garage for safety reasons, nowhere more so than 30 m. [00311 A parking garage or ~ part of a building according to the invention includes an identifier in the form of a line warking of the parking bays, on top of the rough coating on the parking floors. On the upper level light post are provided, as well as energy-efiicient lighting at each level, The light level on average is 75 lux on the car floor, 200 lux at the entrances and exits and stairwells and on average 19 tux at the upper deck, measured on

1.00 m above the ground level, therefore meets the General lighting in Europe-wide requirements for parking garages.

[0932] The edges of a building according to the invention, whether or not excecuted as with parking garage, can feature a fall prevention in the form of a 8.95 m high, secure, and anodized aluminium two barrier work, whether or not In colour, and on the ramp for a parking deck is an edge protection,

[0033] An important advantage of a building according to the invention is that the material aluminium may now be applied. Aluminium can be reused, making it a durable construction material, and in economic terms has the advantage of being a residual value of meaning. This may afler long-term use even exceed the original investment value. In the recent decade, the value of aluminium as raw material has risen quite consistent by

8e approximately 10%. With regard to sustainability and economic efficiency, at least running costs it also applies that the coating that is used on the parking floors is highly abrasion resistant, so needs replacement of just once every 10 years, and even then only partly, indicatively about 25% needs to be replaced.

[0034] In an preferred embodiment such floor plate is furthermore coated with a finishing coating, protecting said inturoescent layer during use of the floor plate, thus securing its proper, in particular well distributed fonction when needed. In a further elaboration of such ermbodiment, said layer is composed of an elastic synthetic material, allowing e.g. stretch thereof in case of dimensional change of the floor plate due to change in environmental temperature. The coating is in yet a further elaboration provided with a fire retardant material. At the same time it is embodied as an anti-slip coating, in particular by providing superficial roughness, more in particular to an extend that peeping sound of car tires, as may be encountered in many sleekly coated garage floors, is obviated, 10035]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0636] The invention, aspects thereof and certain embodiments are by way of example illustrated in the drawings in which:

[0037] FIG, 1 provides a figurative comparison between building in Aluminum as enabled by the present invention "weighed” to building in steel ot concrete;

[0038] FIG, 2A is a perspective exploded view of a module by which a building according to the mvention, in this case with application as a parking garage may at any time and at wish be extended, while FIG. 2B illustrates the effect in case of parking garage application,

[0038] FIG, 3 is a schematic, perspective view of a building as may be erected in accordance with the present invention, useable for domestic purposes, e.g. in the first layer here left open for insertion of cubical dwelling parts, and/or as a parking, e.g. as represented by the second layer;

[0049] FIG. 4, ina schematic compilation and according to a first embodiment, represents a side elevation of an aluminum building element according to the invention, a cross section thereof as well as a particular manner in which it may be applied in a

9.

construction, perspective views illustrating aspects of its connection into a so called square element, one part of which may be applied as colony 10041] FIG. SA and SB illustrate an alomiman building clement in accordance with the invention, embodied for specific application as a column, formed by extrusion, in which the outer sides are made relatively thick; In figure 5A the clement is represented in connection with a re~enforeing single chamber profile in aluminum, whereas in figure in 3B, two extruded building clements are combined in columm so as to form a single building clement, stronger than may be provided directly by extrusion, and as may typically be applied in a centre post, Le. in between side edges of the building; 0042] FIG, 6, in line with the representation of FIG. 5 provides a further embodiment of an extruded element which is set into a larger building element, in particular larger than can be extruded, equally by mutually interconnecting connecting oppositely positioned, Le. mirrored extruded parts, in this example by welding; [00431 FIGTA and 7B provide in exploded perspective view and in side elevation IS respectively a manner of applying the invention and embodiment of FIG. 6, in a manner and with elements inventive in itself

[0044] FIG. 8 illustrates the principle representation of FIG. 6 in accordance with an elaborated embodiment; fonds] FIG. 9 in a 90 degrees rotation, in side elevation illustrates the lower section of a colunm n accordance with the second embodiment; foods] FIG. 10A represented in a 90 degrees rotation is a longitudinal section of a main girder, while FIG, 10B provides a transverse cross section thereof;

[0047] FIG. 11 provides a perspective view of application possibilities of an element according to the invention, in this case along the embodiment of FIG 4 in which column parts may be shaped in the form of squares, however with equal validity of use in the embodiment according to FIG. 7 in which girders rest on a console of the cola in both embodiments girder parts may according to this invention be interconnected by way of an elongated, fitting inner element part; and a so called traverse element extending transverse to a column part, e.g. in between two squares, is applied;

[0048] FIG. 12 represents a specific embodiment of the element of FIG. 11 in a cross sectional view, in particular is a sectional view of part of a building and an element according to FIG, 11;

“10 [00481 FIG. 13A illustrating the same of FIG. 11 ins so called exploded, perspective view from a different angle, in an application with Hoor panels, and a water discharge gutter such as m a garage application; and FIG. 138 illustrates figure 134 in assembled state; § [mso] FIG, 1dA in exploded and perspective view illustrates application of an element according to the invention in a buildings corner situation, in particular of a gavage or platform application, and provides an example of application of a re-enforcing element at a length exceeding that of the relevant part of a square; joost] FIGURE 148, in perspective view illastrates application of an element in integrated form in a building at an edge part thereof: joes] FIG. TAC is a vertical section at an edge situation of a building, additionally showing inclusion of a railing, e.g. as In FIG. 144;

[0053] FIG. 14D represents the cross section of & farther embodiment of the traverse girder design, e.g. as m FIG, 140, according to the invention;

[0084] FIG 153A is aside elevation of the garage according to the present example; {oassy FIG, 15B is, in a perspective and schematie representation, an example of a building in accordance with the invention, which is party used for office and/or dwelling purposes, and partly for parking purposes; pose FIG. 15C in a perspective view illustrates the relative Bght weight of a floating building in accordance to the invention by way of inclusion there on a pontoon, here anchored in an urban environment to provide parking spaces, the upper deck provided with terraces and restaurant;

[0057] FIG, 16A and 16B in slightly different views provide an example m the form of a vertical section of an element and building according to the invention transverse to a 23 traverse of FIG s 14C and 14D as oxtending between two squares, with floor plates resting on edges of the girder, aside to the U-shaped profiling, which combines girder reinforcement with receiving a gutter element, in this example for draining water; [oss] FIG, 174 and FIG, 178 provide examples of light systems devise for the garage according to the invention; [mss] By way of exemplifyivg a typical context of the present invention, a principle and relatively simple manner of enabling the application of aluminum in utilitarian or at

„TE least relatively large and height carrying constructive building applications will be elucidated. joo60] Firstiy, by FIG. 1, a figurative illustration is provided of one particular 3 advantage of aluminum as a building material over other material like concrete.

The drawing illustrates by way of a balance that in fact with less building material by weight, considerably more, typically double the number of cars may be acconunodated in a building out of aluminum.

Where this fact per se had naturally been known since the beginning of contemporary industry, certainly since the beginning of industrial

16 application of aluminum, no solution has been available to allow full application of aluminum in the construction of buildings larger and wore versatile and loadable than greenhouse buildings, As the figure Hustrates to it's left side in concrete and to it's right side in aluminom, the present mvention rather allows the erection of multi-level, ie. multistory buildings, Le. with at least one multipurpose useable opper floor.

Various typical applications may be enabled by the present invention; [oost] FIG ZA and 2B provide a basic scheme of a possible manner of constructing in accordance with the present invention.

Building 1 in figure 2A is erected with aluminum column sections 2, with main girders 3, jointly forming an arc as ft were, the girders connected directly to a column or via intermediate, alternatively denoted extending girder pieces 5, Columns are transversely, over shorter distance mutually alse connected via a traverse or traverse girder 4, A floor is created by means of floor slabs or floor panels 6, which are supported by two main girders 3. The panels are of relatively Hmited width and may lock onto one another, comparable to nwtual clicking of domestic floor panels.

In the present case the panels ave formed as extruded aluminum panels and may additionally welded to one another, it being recognized that welding over a scam may be performed relatively easily by automatically progressing welding apparatuses. [e082] Tn a plane in line with the orientation of a traverse 4, re-enforcement braces 7 may optionally be included, as in this case cross wise between two columns.

Depending on embodiments of the present invention support elements 8 may be present for laying up and shoring a main girder 3, be it in single piece or with an extension part § thereof, Being identical in shape the term girder 3 and extension part 5 are denonunated and used interchangeably.

Alternatively, the invention may be embodied with columns shaped in a

“12 square element 12 as depicted in figure 2B, Le. with a main girder part § affixed, ie. pre- connected to and forming a whole with a column 2. feoe3] Figure 2B further illustrates that over the length of a floor plate, typically two parking lois 9 may be created, and that over the length of an extended girder two parking bays may be created with an in between or central, in principle one way lane 10. Figures 2A and 2B further illustrate that such aluminum building units may be extended im any one of sideways, longitudinal and vertical, at least upward direction.

[0064] Figure 3 provides a schematic example of the latter, in which the building is extended in all of the pre-mentioned, alternatively denoted X, Y and Z directions, The drawing conceptually demonstrates that the main girders are mutually interconnected by means of a so called cassette system, in which a so-called cassette part 11 is fitbiogly inserted info end parts of the main girder aud it's extension part respectively. Figure 3 also conceptually illustrates in the column at the right hand side, that girders 2 are set opposed to each other and mutually interconnected, so as fo increase the stiffhess and 13 strength thereof to values beyond what may be expected by mere addition of the relevant values of two colunms. {0065} Figure 4, in a schematic compilation represents a side elevation of an aluminum building element according to one embodiment of the invention in which the columns are fabricated into square shaped constructive parts 12. Figure 4 further shows a cross section ofthe girder part of such square, as well as a particular manner in which it may be applied in a construction, perspective views illustrating aspects of its connection into a so called square clement, one part of which may be applied as column. The girder part 5 depicted is an extruded alominum profile with at least one, however preferably two, side walls connecting internal walls 5B and SC, preferably in parallel with upper girder wall SA and lower girder wall SD. In a preferably middle open section of such girder, a further internal, preferably also hollow aluminum profile and sub-girder part may be inserted for connecting two main girder parts. Such infernal girder part may be bolted or otherwise affixed to each of the two connected main girder parts, in figure 2A depicted as parts 5 and 3. An upper hollow section of the girder according to the invention may be used to bolt constractive building parts such as fences. [oss] Figure 4 in fact alse illustrates a further means, in fact element for a novel method of constructing a building, in which a part of a girder according to the vention

~13- is connected in square relationship to another girder part which then forms a column. Two of such square building elements, in combination with a girder to be connected in between using the mentioned internal and connecting element may form an arc. Two of such aves, with in between so called traverse girders 4 or traverses may form as it were a table element, or basic building block.

[00671 Two of the columns according to the invention may be included and connected in “back to back” to form as it were a T shaped constructive or building part as depicted in figure 4. The square element parts 12 are provided in a measure by which they may be transported within a standard shipping container. The concept according to the invention allows for largely off site preparation of the building elements, including coating thereof, Thus a very constant and secure quality may be secured while work at site may be clean and of relatively very short duration.

[0068] The drawing shows that while the sidewalls of a girder 5, in fact lugs SL thereof extend to the rear side 20 of coluran part of a square element 12, and ends in Une therewith. The lower, Le. inner corner wall SD of a girder ends at the front, 1.6. inner corner side of a square element 12. The one or two imer walls SB and 5C of a girder extend up to an imaginary line between the inner corner Hine or wall connection between girder 5 and an upper column part 2 of a square element 12. (00691 The left hand side perspective schematic drawing of figure 4, illustrates that that one of the two square clement 12 parts, preferably as depicted the colamn 2 forming girder, ends with a straight, ie. square cut, so that the lower end of the side walls SL of the other girder may support on and be welded to the same. Welding may with such 3 construction be performed both at the outside and the inside, all around. The open end of the one girder “laid” as it were on or else against the other one, in this example on the column 2 forming part, is in accordance with further measure according to the invention closed of with a matching aluminum plate 2L of corresponding element wall thickness, and welded at all four sides thereof, so that it forms a further connection between the two square clement parts, Le. girder parts, as well as a re-enforcement between the two parts. 00701 As indicated by the right hand perspective view, a further —reinforcement may be and is preferably provided by a finther plate SN, extending diagonal between the inner and the outer corner of the connection between the twe side walls of the one girder of which the side walls, together with the upper wall, extend over the other, in this example

“14 column forming square element part. This diagonal, inner reinforcement plate SN is equally welded all around. Alternatively such reinforcement plate may be provided externally between the inner corner walls of the two square element parts. In this case additional, triangular side skirts or wall parts will be welded along, in alignment with the side walls of the two connected girder parts. Such external reinforcement may simultaneously be provided with one or more light openings or windows.

[0071] The central part of figure 4, depicts two square elements 12 in side elevation, couneeted back to back, with at the top side in striped line, the level at which floor elements may reach in height when positioned upon the girder parts of two squares.

ID Centered at the top side of the two squares 12 a cross section is depicted of a U-shaped support element 4U, connected to the squares 12 via flanges, here bolted to the respective side walls of the two square elements 12. Such support clement supports a so called traverse 4, Le, transverse girder 4, connecting two ares 2; 12 ~ 5 ~ 2; 12 as for ranking a component for a building block. To the right hand upper side of figure 4, a cross section ofa girder in accordance with the invention is schematically provided.

[0072] The central part of figure 4 furthermore conceptually demonstrates that a column part, Le. column forming part of a square is at its end, ie. foot provided with a foot part in the form of a flange 12E, to be used for bolted connection to a column base plate or else foundation part, In the present depiction it is used for connection of the cohumm for a second layer to the upper side wall of a square on top of which it is to be placed, and preferably also to a flange part of a traverse support.

[0073] FIG. 2 conceptually and in perspective view provides an elucidation of the type of building, at least the framework therefore as may be erected in accordance with the novel aluminum building elements in accordance with the present invention, and as 24 described in the preceding along figure 1. Such a novel type of building or framework is useable for various purposes, such as domestic purposes, e.g. in the first layer here lef open for insertion of cubical dwelling parts, and/or as a parking, e.g. as represented by the second layer, which is provided with a floor of aluminom floor elements formed by so called cassette plates that are welded together after having been laid down between the girders of a building module, Such plates may come in a width of 2 m and favorably in view of parking garage application at a length of 5.4 m, In an advantageous embodiment for the same purpose, a building module comes at a length of 16 m so that 8 elements

~15~ may be laid side by side, Especially in case of a parking application, the floor plates 6, however equally inserted dwelling cubicles have a rubber or synthetic insert so as fo prevent propagation of and dampen contact sounds, [oo7a] FIG, 5 illustrates an aluminum building element, further in accordance with the 3 mvention, in which a girder according to the invention is adapted for specific application gs a column. In such application the outer transverse walls or sides 15A and profiled outer transverse wall 158, at least compared to any mntemmal reinforcement transverse walls 15C between two side walls 14, may be made relatively thick, In figure SA the element is represented in connection with a reeenforemg single chamber profile 16 in aluminum such as may typically be applied at outer sides of a building to be erected, Le. when “hack to back” inclusion of two square elements ZA is not possible, Rather than the example provided, the width, 1,6, depth of the single chamber profile 16 may correspond to the form and depth of the column part at the opposite facing side of the column 2A as taken in this cross section, tS [975] In such colaom, either dedicated or as colunm forming girders, a side wall may be provided with door parts 14A for servicing of electric and other leads that may be accommodated in the colin 2. In this example merely a circular drain is schematically depicted by a fitting circle, leaving room for cabling and the lke. Also depicted are screws, representing the removable incladed door in a side wall of the colunu or colon girder. Preferably, the nner section of the column is provided with a further internal wall in parallel with a side wall,

[0075] fn gure m SB, two of the building slemenis 2A are combined in colum as may typically be applied in a contre post, Le. m between side edges of the building. They are interconnected by bolts 18, one of which is depicted. As depicted, the back sides are 23 preferably provided with a profile 13A for receiving a strip element 17 partly extending in a corresponding profile of the connected clement 24; 15, for instance provided ina synthetic material, Such profiling and strip amongst others prevents mutual shifting ofthe slements, As depicted in FIG. SB the column may equally be reinforced by a fitting hollow profiled insert, provided in the same material as the colunm,

[0077] FIG 6, in line with the representation of FIG. 3 provides the principle ofa further embodiment 2B of an extruded construction element according to the present invention, which is to be set, Le. used into a larger building element such as a column,

-16- The extruded elements 2A and 2B may however in principle equally be used as a girder, The present invention does however, also proposes extruded elements in aluminum, specifically, i.e. purposely designed for use as a girder, be it a main girder or girder part 3 and 5, or a smaller girder, such as a traverse girder 4. As in Figure 3B, the present embodiment, as is here depicted, is designed to applied with sections of the element connected over a longitudinal side thereof forming a so called composed column as it were, i.e. composed of two separately extruded girder or column, at least hollow profile sections, In this way larger, in particular stronger elements, here in particular columns may then relatively easily be made than can commonly be extruded. As m the preceding embodiment, this is here equally performed by mutually connecting oppositely positioned, Le. mirrored extruded parts using specifically thereto designed faces. In this example the connection face is provided with protrusions 13B design for rautoal connection. While, a cover or interconnecting plate may be used in conjunction with connection members, welding is ber proposed. Equally to the embodiment of Fig. §, 8 side face 14 of the girder or colunm 2, as taken in cross section, may be provided with a smaller or larger transitional part 14D directionally deviating from the lateral plans in transition a transverse wall 28 of the element 2B. Transverse walls 2T and 28 here compare to transverse wall 154 and 158 respectively in the embodiment of Fig. 5B. Considering that the column section 2B will mostly be applied connected fo another section, as here depicted, the transverse wall 25 at the intended connection side, i.e. with profiles 138 may be produced in a ower thicknes, e.g. up to around 50% of the thickest lateral wall 27. In case the clement 2B is used as is, Le. in singular form, e.g. at outer sides of a building, a re-enforcement element, preferably m hollow form may be attached to this side of the element 2B.

23 [0078 Finally this embodiment 2B is provided with one face having the side faces extending well beyond a transverse wall 27, such that an open chamber, at least recess as it were is formed, which may be used to accommodate cables and drains. The space may be covered is so desired. In this case a id 19 is proposed, shaped in a manner to effectively enlarge the volume of covered space. A further elaboration of this embodiment and concept design is discussed along Figure 8.

[0979] FIG. 7A provide in exploded perspective view and in side elevation respectively a manner of applying the invention and concept of FIG. 6, in a manner and with elements

“17 inventive in itself, while FIG, 7B provides a side elevation of the assembly of the elements of FIG. 7A; In this respect, while the along FIG, 4 pre-describe manner construction may equally well be applied using the embodiment of column 28, an alternative manner of supporting a girder is here provided.

A column is here shown to support a girder part 3 using a bracket part 88, attached, here welded to an end face of a column 2, i.e. whether type 2B or 2A, for receiving a support of console B for supporting girder part 5 by way of a large support surface area.

To this end the support 8 is produced as a hollow profile which may be open at its upper side, where it is designed to contact a girder end part, preferably attached, more preferably by welding, The bracket SB may consist of two side walls, positioned preferably in line with a lateral wall of the column 2, and extending the latter somewhat as it were, be it by a width no more than the width of a lateral wall of a column, the side wall at their ends facing away from the column connected by an in between transverse plate, or wall as it were, The transverse bracket wall is preferably centrally, preferably provided with a recess SR for receiving a notch SN applied to the bottom face of the support 8, so as to facilitate and speed up normally centered, at least proper positioning of a support 8 on a bracket 88, whether in factory or on building site.

In this respect a support is preferably first attached to the bottom side of an end part of a girder § or girder section 3. A girder end part 5 is in this design provided with an extended upper girder wall part SM, which is attached to the end face of a column

2 and, where a girder is alse to be provided to the other side of the colunm to a similarly extended upper girder wall part SM of the girder section on the other side of the column 2 or 2B as here depicted.

A reinforcing column cap 22 may be provided, inthe form of a hat or cap comprising at least a top plate with circumferential dimensions matching that of the colurnn 2, Le. either 2A or 2B, here depicted in the so-called back-to back comnected form, at least a form with the lateral sides considerably larger than the transverse sides.

The plate part of cap 22 is hence oriented transverse to the column axis.

The cap 22 is attached to the end part, here the end face of a column 2, in this case by welding.

The cap 22 is preferably provided with lateral side faces extending downwards from the plate, positioned in line and to be connected with the lateral wall ends of a column 2. Equally the cap 22 may be provided with transverse faces in between its lateral wall, positioned in line with lateral walls of the column 2. A cap 2 provides both a reinforcement of a column 2 as well as an improved basis for supporting and connecting,

~18- in the field typically by bolting of a pole part Le lower end of farther column section 2 on top of the depicted, girder supporting column section.

[00807 In farther elaboration, the here depicted column embodiment 2B mey be provided with a cut out end part 21, which is in this example pre-fabricated as a separate section and welded in line to a column section, The om! section 21 is provided with an opening 23, which may be used for access to bolt or nuts for attaching a further colamn to the girder end section 3M and/or any on top of a column applied cap 22. The opening 23 ts created by cutting away an end scetion of a lateral wall 14, 1e. in between the transverse walls 2T and 25, Ideally, in the cut-out also and end section of the centrally positioned transverse wall 28 is cut-out. More ideally, at the end of the thus shaped column section, a largely similar width of transverse wall is present at cach side of the thicker, at least outer transverse wall 2T.

[0081] According to yet further claboration, a cohunn 2B may comprise an intermediate part 30 largely comparable to the cap 22, however also comprising upward facing lateral and transverse wall parts, Equally to that of the top cap, the plate is of a square dimension matching the circomfersuce of the composed column ZB. The intermediate part 20 at least this lower one of these three upper colonm sections Is preferably provided in cast ziuminum or else a high grade quality of alamimum compared to the remainder of the coluron alommmun material. With proper positioning within a colomn 2B, an intermediate column element, in particular the plate part thereof may take up bending forces trom a givder 3 via a support 8, A support 8 thereto comprises a lower wall section which in normal application may be oriented transverse to a column axis, and which may, as depicted in FIG. TH, be included in Hoe with the transverse plate of intermediate column part 20.

253 [0982] Application of one or both of the transverse plate consisting intermediate column part 20 and the column cap part 22, enables to erect either temporary, semi-permanent and permanent aluminum buildings including parking spaces or garages in heights of over four stories buildings. Bven very high level buildings can be erected in case both intermediary part 2 and cap part 22 are applied. with even as is specifically provided in case relatively high buildings, ie. high columns are to be erected, typically more then a number, ie. more than four stories high are to be put one on top of the other. Yet,

-19. buildings may also be erected without such specific, relatively expensive part 20. eg. in a manner of the pre-described embodiment. [00831 As may be further taken from the side elevation and assembled representation of FIG. 7B, a bracket SB is included partly extending beyond a lower column section, at least over a distance matching the depth of recess BR, preferably to larger extend, at least twice the depth of recess ER, so as to allow for a fair amount of body, available for attachment to the intermediate 20, normally by welding.

Brackets 8B may come pre- fabricated with, Le. welded or firmly connected otherwise to a lower column section 28, whether in composed form or in a form as extruded.

FIG, 78 further indicates a second colamm section 2B mounted on top of a lower column section ZB, in this case embodied with pre/described end parts 20, 21, and 22, covered with extensions SN of the upper wall of two girder sections 3 included on opposite sides of the lower cohumn 2B.

The depicted lower end of a column section is provided with an end plate, in the form of base plate 25, which in this embodiment may be formed without externally stretching flange part for reason that nuts and bolts may be accomodated and accessed within the perimeters of a colunm.

A lower section of a column to that end comprises access ports 24 in the form of cut outs from a lower end of a lateral wall of an extruded column part, In this respect FIG. 9 shows a closer detail of such a lower column end, with port holes 24, and a bottom end or support plate 25, as it were an inwardly extending flange, provided with bore holes

2M for passing fastener bolts.

Figure 9 once more shows a composed colonm to be composed of two welded together, extruded girders, at least hollow profiles, with relatively thin transverse walls 28 near a connected side of an extruded profile, compared the relatively thicker transverse walls 2T, at least almost matching the thickness of support plate 25 and that of lateral walls 14 of an extruded profile, as may be taken from the column cross section in FIG. 8, The latter figure, in further elaboration shows the protrusions 13B from a transverse wall here to be formed by way of extensions from the lateral walls 14. The protrusions 138 are formed as were they rejuvenated extensions thereof, in this embodiment by way of a rejuvenation at the outer side of the lateral wall projection, here showing a short transition starting right beyond the external face projection of transverse wall 2S and showing a rejuvenation of at least 50% compared to a lateral wall thickness.

In a particular embodiment, ong of the protrusions 138 is provided with a small elongation, bent inwards, so as to stretch along the mer wall of

-30- any oppositely to be connected extrusion profile. Such extension, in a conposed column naturally is present at both lateral faces, and may serve as a material support in case of welding together of the protrusions, which protrusions thereto are provided with a beveled part, e.g. end part, forming a V-shaped welding groove with an oppositely composed profile.

[0084] FIG. 10A and 108 provide a cross sectional and a longitudinal section view of an aluminum construction element, here in the form of a main girder §, in principle also useable as a stand or column, Constructive element § may be used both as gieder for which it is primarily designed and as a stand in alominium material, The element 3 18 provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, e.g. as in FIG. 104, in particular favourably produced by way of extrusion, in which the hollow cross section is provided with at least one inner wall part SB, 5C, freely extending between the two lateral walls of the element, i.e. commected to a lateral or side wall but vot otherwise supported or connected. The construction element is rectangolar shaped as taken in cross section. The longer sides as in cross section, here FIG, 10A, form the lateral walls 26 of the element 5. The inner walls SB and SC extend in parallel to an upper and a lower wall SA and 513 respectively of the element §, and extend over at least substantially the full length of the element or girder 5. The distance between the inner walls SB and SC is in the preferred embodiment of FIG, 10A larger than between an inner wall part 3B, 5C and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part SA and 3D of the girder. The distance between the inner walls 5B, 5C preferably is between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an inner wall 5B, $C and an outermost upper or lower wall SA, 5D of the element. [oss] The upper and the lower wall 3A, SD of the element 5 ats of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an ner wall SB, SC. The thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall SA, 513 is twice the thickness of an inner wall SB, 53C. The thickness of a lateral wall part or section 27 above and below an inner wall 3B and 5C respectively is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part. The thickness of a lateral wall part between the inner walls 5B and 5C is smaller than an upper or lower section 27 of a lateral wall 26. At least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall or wall part 26 is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall 26, The thickness of the at least one of the upper or lower

“21 section 27 of the lateral wall is smaller than the thickness of an upper or lower wall 5A, SD) of the element 5. A to be nominated upper wall SA of the element is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending rim SR, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall 58, 5C, At least one of the upper and lower sections 27 of a lateral wall 26 is provided with a groove 27, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an mmer wall 5B, 5C. The groove 28 is incorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection of the relevant upper or lower wall SA, SD, 10086] The element § is further constructed with a view of at least capable of being constructed as 4 longitudinally composite element in which two clement parts 5 ate in line interconnected by a fitting inner element part 11, the element 11 not shown in FIG, 10 extending in a corresponding hollow section of the element parts. The inner element part is preferably included in between two nner wall parts 58, SC. The inner element is provided as a hollow element in aluminium, and is fixed, preferably in a releasable i$ manner such as by bolting, to the in line element composed element end parts. While it is intended to connect or elongate extruded girder section of maximum extrusion length, the inner element 11 in principle also be used for re-enforcement purposes, at least it may extend over at least virtually the full length of 4 composite element.

FIG. 11 provides a perspective view of application possibilities of an clement according to the invention, including application thereof in a square 12, connection therewith of an intermediate girder piece § by way of an elongated, fittingly included inner element part 11, back to back commection with a second square 12, partly depicted here, yet forming a so-called T post or column section, and in conjunction with so called traverse elements 4 extending transverse to a square 12, in between two squares, in fact in between two support arcs as may be devised by an element in accordance with the invention, It also depicts a rim SR included at the upper side of a girder 5 and girder part 3, so as to allow abutment, at least positioning of an element to be supported such as a floor & or dwelling or other utility container or cubicle, uos7} FIG, 11 represents elements of the invention as may integrated into a building or to form au ideally pre-fabricated constructive part, e.g. square or T-element according to the invention, with FIG. 12 being a sectional view of part of a building and an element 5, each according to the vention. The new elements according to the present invention,

27e irrespective of the embodiment preferred, may be favorably be integrated in a pre- fabricated square element 12 with column section 2, with a pole part of any second, at least further layer square connected to the square 12, here depicted with traverse elerents 4 connected to the square 12 at each lateral side thereof and showing part of supported floor panels 6. A pre-fabricated square 12 in practice comes with a U-shaped bracket 4U pre-mounted, so as to allow quick on-site fastening of a traverse 4. In the depicted cross section of the girder, af least one insert element 11 may be accommodated, e.g. with relatively thick lateral walls for receiving a profile in which a nut LIN may be received in a rotationally locked manner.

Bolts 11B may be inserted fron the lateral walls of a girder part 3, 5 in order to firmly connect an insert 11 with either one of two, im line to be connected girder parts.

Equally this construction may be applied at either single one or multiple upper, central and lower hollow sections of the element or girder 3, §, so as to correspondingly enable receipt of connection bolt, or alternatively denoted for inclusion of so called frogs for receiving connection bolts,

[0088} FIG. 13A illustrating the same in a so called exploded, perspective view, in an application with floor panels, and a water discharge gutter such as typically In 4 garage application, with FIG. 138 illustrating figure 13A in assembled state, FIG, 13 also depicts the shape in accordance with a further enabling aspect of the present invention of aso called traverse element 4, interconnecting cach of a pair of main girders 3 or of 3 and/or 5 as normally included in an arc element, thereby in conjunction with four columns 2 forming a so called table, or building module, This in fact somewhat lighter and smaller girder 4, is also provided as a hollow aluminum element. | 5 reinforced in a surprising and advantageous manner, by inclusion of a U-shaped profile 4R at its upper side.

The U. profile 4R is open to its upper side and may therein receive an insert like an open drain

4D, possibly covered by a grid, By way of practice detail, the upper ends of each leg or side face of drain 4D is for a small part bent square so that it may be supported by the open U-shaped profile AR.

In one embodiment as in Fig 14C, the U shape may at the inner side of the element 4 extend up to just before or just beyond half way the height of the element 4 tn accordance with preference.

The larger the height of the side walls of open profile AU, the greater the reinforcement of the hollow element or traverse girder 4, thereby further enabling the application of aluminum in a building.

In this embodiment a largest part of a side wall of re-enforcement profile 4R may extend outside the main body

“33. of traverse 4, i.e, above the upper wall thereof. In another embodiment as in FIG, 4D, the largest part of a re-enforcement profile 4R extends inward of the main body, preferably, as depicted in FIG. 14D as a projection as it wers form the outward extending side faces of the U-shaped reinforcement profile, into inner walls extending between the upper and and lower face of a traverse. The bottom wall of a U-shaped reinforcement profile is in this embodiment as it were included at the level of the upper wall of a traverse, all as taken in transverse view, e.g. as in FIG, 14D. In both embodiments the side faces or walls of a U-shaped reinforcement profile are provided in a larger dimension, i.e, are of greater length than the height of a side wall of a traverse 4. A yet ID further enabling measure, as will be explained further on, is the covering of the elements and preferably also the floors with an intumescent coating.

[0089] FIG, 14A in exploded and perspective view illustrates application of element according to the invention as discussed in the preceding, in a buildings comer situations, in particular of a garage or platform application, and provides an example of application ofare-enforcing element at a length exceeding that of the relevant part of a square. FIG. 14B, in perspective view illustrates the elements of FIG. 14A in integrated form ina building at an edge part thereof; [eos] FIG. 14C and 141 show a vertical section of embodiments of an aluminum traverse 4 according to the present invention, with FIG. 14C showing the embodiment situated al an cdge situation of a building, additionally showing inclusion of a fence or railing 29 and a parking floor 6 supported by traverse 4 and abutting an outward 8 extending portion of re-enforcement profile 4R thereof.

[0091] Figures 15 illustrate some of a multitude of type of buildings 30 that is enabled by the development of the present construction elements in aluminum in view of being able to use this material not only in small constractions, but rather as a normal construction material for any type of building, Le, including large and multilevel or multistory tower buildings. FIG 154 is a side elevation of a garage according io the present invention, in this example provided with three floors, the upper one here left open, It schematically depicts 2.0. ramps, stairs and fences that are equally provided in aluminum material. FIG, 158 is, in a perspective and schematic representation, an example of a building in accordance with the invention, which is party used for office and/or dwelling purposes, and partly for parking purposes, and showing one cubicle 31,

“24 e.g. for dwelling or office use, partly slid out, after being loosened from the structure of the building, as here provided by the building elements described in the preceding and in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 15C in a perspective view illustrates the relative light weight of a building in accordance to the invention by way of inclusion there on a pontoon, i.e. embodied as a floating building, here anchored in an urban environment to provide parking spaces, the upper deck provided with terraces and restaurant, While large conglomerates often are centered around a river or water of some sort, the present invention facilitates renovation works by providing parking space ona floating building, as is economically and technical feasibly enabled by the use of any of the invented elements in aluminum as here disclosed.

[0092] FIG. 16A and 168 are vertical sections of an element and building according to the invention transverse to a traverse 4 as extending between two squares, at least between two columns 2, and additionally shows the preferred roanner of constructing asing bolting in conjunction with prefabricated bores in end sections of any element iS according to the invention, all in order to facilitate minimal usage of space and time and/or sound at building sites. The drawing also illustrate the application of isolation pads 32 or even slabs thereof, produced in a synthetic material, e.g. in the form of “Peck”, between constructive elements, here traverse 4 and traverse supporting bracket 48. The isolators 32 have multiple functionalities in that they facilitate or at least are functional thermal isolation, thermal relative expansion and in dampening of sound impulses, Such isolators 32 are applied spread on top of a girder § or traverse 4 at each side of a girder rim SR or re~enforcement profile 4R, and are preferably included pre-fabricated, e.g. by bolting or glueing, FIG, 17A and FIG, 17B provide examples of light systems and devices 33 for the garage according to the invention, with a light element bolder or base 23 for an electrical light element such as lamps or set of lamps or LED strip extending over the a largest part of the width of a lower wall of a givder or transverse. As in the embodiment 17A the light device may be attached by bolting, using a so called frog strip profile 34 applied, Le. included in the lower wall of a construction element 4, 5, and the device thereto provided with bores. In the alternative design of FIG, 178, the device 33 18 provided with so called click rims 35 which hook on to the lower part of a construction clement 4, 5, favorably making use of resiliency in the light device 33 on the one hand, a

35a hooked nature of the rims 35 and a certain softness of the aluminum material of the lower part of a construction element 4, 3. 00931 The benefits of a building according to the invention, whether or not carried out as a parking garage in whole or in part or not, generally include flexibility, speed m placement and removal, safety, durability, ability to integrated options, and favourable investment and operation possibilities, The building has a flexible layout by its roodudar and demountable structure, optimizes land use, has the ability to tailor-made aluminium system components to suit the particulars of a situation, is easily extendable, may easily be reduced in size and is mobile, It has no material loss in disassembly or reassigmment and has all the capabilities towards including any of various facade finishes, is adapted to freely locate entrances, exits and ramps, is both semi-permanent and mobile, yet may be used permanently, and enable the possibility of casy integration of different real estate features.

[0094] With respect to speed and simplicity of realization the present invention enables a short preparation time by standardisation of structural components, while often only a simple foundation is required. One typical example of the latter is the use as a building foundation of (oflen denoted Steleon) concrete plates, typically of a standard type of 2x 2 x 0, 25 m, The total construction weight of the building according to the invention amounts to only about 25% of that of a concrete comparable building, e.g. a garage.

Hence a virtually incredible amount of 75% of weight saving and fast realization is enabled. Morsover, the erection takes with Jess environmental hindrance since piling rig is most often if not at least virtually always, not needed. Hence a building in accordance with the present invention is highly suitable for busy city centres, “tight” and environmental sensitive construction sites, and is all the more also applicable on top of existing buildings or parking garages. Erection hardly gives nuisance for the environment because no heavy cranes are needed and small construction site may soon be sufficient. With this also heavy driving is strongly reduced. Construction wise no or at least significantly failures and errors in system components and construction are to be expected and inspected on site, due to the feature of pre-fabricating the construction components and the absence of margin stacking by suppliers, which also provides a favourable effect on the safety of the building and on the cost of construction. Finally also the character of logistics and optimization of construction process is herewith

26m strongly changed if not improved, which, among other things, alse favourably leads to a clean and efficient site of construction.

[0093] With regard to sustainability and innovation that is further possible with a building according to the invention, the most modern forms of lighting such as LED, LED-foil, LED fixture may be applied in an integrated manner, Le. without hindering space occupation as is, at least in view of costs, necessarily the case at concrete based buildings. The combination of aluminium and coating shows itself as a more sustainable and innovative construction-alternative to steel and concrete, enabled by the now enabled use of aluminum, providing sustainable employability of aluminium, to an finite reuse, all within a total-concept, and providing a "clean" construction site without risks of security, tuproved health by less environmental impact, and absence from gassing by concrete. A butlding according to the invention may completely be taken apart aud Te» erected elsewhere. Supportive hereto is an eco-friendly, durable and maintenance~friendly coating, which also offers maximum fre-retardaney. All materials of the new type of 1$ building are cradle-to-cradle" reusable with a rainimum of energy loss for any reuse. The building according to invention offers an open construction allowing natural ventilation, without at least extensive requirement of energy-consuming mechanical or thrust or shearing force fans.

[0096] Regarding safety and comfort the application of a fire-retardant coating to at least 60 min, is worth noting, as well as 4 coating of the floors which is safe and comfortable without that it leading to "squeak" and annoying contact sounds of tires. The coating may be applied in almost every colour so that, that what formerly often was to be accepted as drab, gritty concrete or steel colossus, now easily may be offered as a cheerful, at least crisp cut building, if desired, appropriately in the style of the operator or owner.

[0097] Tn resume the possibilities of a building according to the invention in respect of integrated options, include advertising opportunities on the facades by cloth or LED screens, facade finish of choice, the simple ability to generate solar power on the roof or at the facade elements of the garage, the fitting in of commercial premises, kiosks, housings, student housings, storage, self-storage, leisure , sports facilities and green areas on the roof, and/or canopy thereof.

FF

[6098] In connection with business aspects of a building according to the invention is worth noting by way of resume, a saving on foundation costs through light construction, saving on costs during the construction by standardization and prefabrication of the structural parts, limiting costs of constroction management and supervision by short construction time and prefabrication process, 8 high residual value of the building, at least of the components thereof, by ability to reuse sustainable materials, especially the aluminium floors and construction pacts, a high quality by a constant, ie. factory based manufacturing, an ability to move, reduce or enlarge the garage at low cost because of the demountable construction system, employability of the building based on one of various forms of contract: buy, sale with right of first redemption and rental, lower operating and management costs through the application of sustainable materials, whereby higher rental value and investment value of the garage, and finally, lower financing costs by the ability to re-use of construction and materials.

[0099] The present construction, apart from providing a high standard of safety to a building, especially in traffic units such as garages and bridges, has the advantage of composing a floor without the typical peeping sound of ear wheels on conventionally coated garage floors. The finishing coating easily allows for temperature expansion or contraction of floor plates, either synthetic or metal and either solid or in panel form, as does the paint and any optionally applied granulated cork layer, The latter, in the exemplified case glued to the floor plate, despite the granulstes preferably being included very dense, is in a particular embodiment bonded with an elastic synthetic bonding agent.

[00100] The present invention, apart from the preceding description, may firther be explained along a following set of claims and figures, as well as along the following sets of clauses, in which various aspects are explained or figuratively represented that are united in the present application as one invention, however the combination of which is indicated to possibly form the subject of a separate and different claim cither within the present application or as a divisional application.

[00101] The present invention may furthermore be embodied with or characterized as inthe following clauses or definitions (6) departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on the coating of the constructive elements:

S38.

[00102] Civil construction unit conprising a framework and provided with constructive elements produced in aluminium, such gs a floor system comprising a plurality of floorplates, preferably welded together, in which the element is provided with a first layer of intuminescent paint or coating, and a second layer of finishing counting, & [001631 Unit in accordance with the preceding clause, the clement preferably at least comprising a floorplate and is coated according to the preceding definition at least to its bottom side, more preferably provided with a material layer comprising granulated cork, said granulated cork layer and/or said floor plate, at least said framework being covered by intumescent paint or coating.

100164} Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein, at least in case of the floor plates, said paint or coating layer is provided with a finishing coating.

[00165] Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein said finishing coating is of an clastic synthetic material, [poids] Unit according to one of the two preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating is provided with a fire retardant material.

[00107] Unit according to anyone of the three preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating bas a rough outer surface,

[00108] Unit according to the preceding clause wherein said roughness is tactile sensible hy finger movement over said surface.

[00109] Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the rough outer surface complies with the requirements of NEN-18QO-10545 part 17. [e011] Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the total thickness of said finishing layer is of a thickness smaller than 1.5 mm

[00111] Unit according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein said optional cork layer is ofa thickness within the range of 1 to S mm.

[60112] Unit according to the preceding clause, wherein said thickness is around 3 nun. [001131 Definitions (1) departing primarily for a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called stand or Column, i.e. a to be vertically included aluminium element for supporting a building:

[00114] Constructive element such as girder, in particular stand or cohunn in aluminium, the element provided in an elongated hollow, largely rectangular profile as taken in cross

29.

section, in particular by way of extrusion, the clement having an elongation of a length typically at least adopted to common flooring distances in domestic building, the cross section showing lateral hollow profile walls extending over certain width, and transverse hollow profile walls of certain depth, extending between the two lateral walls, the 3 element at one transverse wall provided with a profiling for matching connection of the element with a further element part included raurored to said element,

[00115] Element according to clause 1, in which the connection profiling is included at a transverse wall of the hollow profiling. [00ti6) Element according to clause 1 or 2, in which the transverse wall remote from the connection profiling is of a thickness larger than the thickness of another nner or outer wall part of the hollow profile.

[00117] Element according to any one of clauses 1, 2 and 3, in which the clement is composed, as taken in cross section, of two element sections connected to one another, ¢.g. by bolting or welding,

[008] Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the transverse wall at the connection profiling is of smaller thickness than the lateral hollow profile walls, [001191 Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the connection profiling is based on a continuation of a lateral wall.

[06120] Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is of reduced thickness, typically to about 50% of thickness, the reduction in particular realised at an outer wall side of the continuation. fo0121] Element in accordance with any one of the two preceding clauses, in which one continuation is slightly longer than the continuation at the opposite lateral outer wall continuation, typically over a length matching the thickness of the continued wall section, and protruding directly along the inner side of a projection of the inner wall face of the lateral wall,

[00122] Element in accordance with any of the preceding three clauses, in which the shorter lateral wall continuation is provided with an end face bevelled in a manner with a laterally outward directed divectional component.

[00123] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element, at the transverse wall opposite the transverse wall with connection profiling, is provided with a profiling in the form of a continuation of the lateral side walls,

-30-

[00124] Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is at least abowt half the distance between the two transverse walls of the hollow profile.

[eis] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses 3 to 11, in which the connection profiling extends over a length at least about a quarter of the distance between the transverse walls of the element profile.

{eo126] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses § ia 12, in which the clement is composed of two hollow element sections muinally connected by a welding seem at the bevelled end face of one of the two lateral wall continuations,

[60127] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which an outermost face of the profile is completed by a further, open profiled element, extending over at least virtually the entire length of the element.

[001281 Element in accordance with the preceding clase in which the further profiling sets forth a re-gnforcement of the element by being firmly connected to the element, e.g by bolting or welding.

[ooi] Element in accordance with the preceding two clauses, in which the farther profiling is at least largely U-shaped, and of a thickness matching the thickness of the outward continuation of the lateral walls of the element.

{001301 Definitions (3) in the form of clauses, departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called interconnect element, ve. for safely and robustly interconnecting columns, cg. as defined in the preceding, in principle even up to highest possible levels:

[0131] Interconnect clement for interconnecting sections of a column for supporting a building, the columns formed in aluminum material, in particular as extruded aluminum profiles, the column sections provided with support elements for supporting a girder, e.g.

23 for supporting a floor, in which the interconnect element may be added to and supported by a top side of a column section, and in which the clement is provided with a profiling oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of the column section, and extending from one side of the element up to the opposite side face of the clement.

Doi] Element in accordance with clause 1, in which the profile is oriented along a 39 horizontal plane.

[001331 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the profile extends aver at least substantially the entire cross section of the element.

“3 in

[00134] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses in which the clement is produced in cast aluminum,

[00135] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses provided with longitudinally oriented profilings, at least one of which included in line with a main wall ofthe profiling of the column section.

[00136] Definitions {4} departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on a what practically might amount to a so called traverse girder, i.e, in between main girders: 100137] Clause 1: a constructive element such as girder, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section to one of its sides being provided with a U-shaped profiling, the side walls of the U shaped element extending in parallel and square to the side in which the U- shaped element is included, the U-shaped element partly extending inwards of the constructive element.

[00138] Element according to clauses, in which the U-shaped element extends up the half way the height ofthe element, Le, as taken in the longitudinal direction of a side wall of the U-shaped element.

[00139] Element according to one of the preceding clauses, in which the base part of the U-shape element is included at the inner side of the constructive element.

pat] Element according to any one of the preceding clauses, in which the element formed in aluminium, e.g. as an extruded element.

[00141] Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the clement 18 intended for application in a building such as a parking, in particular as a so called traverse, Le. in between two main girders.

[00142] Element according to the preceding clause, in which the element is intended to be provided with an insert in the form of a drain, e.g. for draining water received from a parking floor.

[00143] Element according to the preceding clauses, in which the insert, by an overhanging edge, is supported by the upper ends of the u-shaped clement.

[00144] Building provided with an clement in accordance with any of the preceding clauses.

“32 00145] Building in which the clement wall having the U-shaped element is included with said wall or side being the upper side of the clement.

(noids}] Building in accordance with the preceding clauses, in which part of the upper wall of the clement at at least one side of the U-shaped clement is utilised for supporting 3 a floor element such as a parking deck or part of a dwelling cubicle.

[001477 Building according io any of the preceding clauses, in which the upper face of the clement, at one side of the U-shaped element supports a fencing means for the building, the fencing means bolted to the element,

[00148] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses, in which the 19 clement is provided with a bore opening for passing á drain pipe, c.g. comected fo an msert in the U-shaped clement.

[001491 Building clement in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the U-shaped element is provided with a drain forming insert, with the insert via laterally extending edge parts being supported by the upper end of the side walls of the U-shaped iS clement.

(00150) Building according to any of the preceding building clauses, in which the clement is an ahuninbun element, connected to a main girder vig a U-shaped sapport to which # is bolted.

[00131] Building according to the preceding clauses, in which the U-shaped support ís provided with flanges, in particular provided with bore openings for bolted connection to 2 man girder,

[00152] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses in which the building is a parking garage, the building provided with a floor system comprising 2 plurality of cassette like flonrplates welded together.

23 [00133] Building according to any of the preceding building clauses m which at least the clement, preferably as well as said floorplate, is covered by an nfumescent coating,

[00154] Building according to the preceding clauses, wherein the upper part of said floorplates, is provided with a finishing costing, covering or integrated with any intumescent coating,

[00153] Building recording to the preceding clauses, wherein said coating is of an clastic synthetic material,

«33 [oo1s6] Building according to one of the two preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating is provided with a fire retardant material,

[00157] Building according to anyone of the three preceding clauses, wherein said finishing coating has a rough outer surface, 4 [00158] Building according to the preceding clauses wherein said roughness is tactile sensible by finger movement over said surface.

[00159] Building according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the rough outer surface complies with the requirements of WEN-IS0O-105435 past 17.

[00160] Building according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the total thickness 18 of said finishing layer is of a thickness smaller than 1.5 vom, lome] Definitions (2), also here in the form of clauses, departing primarily from a viewpoint focussed mainly on what practically might amount to a so called man girder, as especially illustrated along figures 4, 7 and 19: LL Clause Ì: Constructive element 3 such as girder or stand in aluminium, the element provided in an slongated hollow profiling as taken ín cross section, e.g. as in PIG. 10, in particular by way of extrusion, the hollow cross section provided with at least one inner wall part SB, 5C, freely extending between the two lateral walls of the element.

2. Constructive element according to clause 1, in which the element is rectangular shaped as taken in cross section, the longer sides forming the lateral walls of the element, and the inner wall extending in parallel to an upper and a lower wall of the element.

3. Element according to clause 1, in which the inner wall extends over at least substantially the full length of the element. 4, Element according to clause 1 or 2, in which the element correspondingly is provided another, parallel to the first inner wall extending inner wall part.

8. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the distance between the immer walls is larger than between an inner wall pant and the adjacent upper or lower outer wall part of the element.

6. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the distance between the inner walls is between one and a half and two and a half times, preferably at least about twice of the distance between an inner wall and an outermost upper or lower wall of the element.

„Jd

7. Blement in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the upper and the lower wall of the element are of a consistent relatively large thickness compared to the thickness of an inner wall. & Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the thickness of at least one outermost upper or lower wall is twice the thickness of an inner wall.

9. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness of lateral wall part above and below an inner wall is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part.

10. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the thickness ofa lateral wall part between the inner walls is smaller than an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part.

il. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of an upper or lower section of a lateral wall part is of a larger thickness than the remainder section of the lateral wall part.

12 Element in accordance with the preceding clause, according to which the thickness of the at lesst one of the upper or lower section of the lateral wall is smaller than the thickness of an upper or lower wall of the element.

13. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a to be nominated upper wall of the element is centrally provided with a longitudinally extending rim, in particular of 2 width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall. 14, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which at least one of the upper and lower section of a lateral wall is provided with a groove, in particular of a width and thickness corresponding to the thickness of an inner wall. is. Blement in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the groove is incorporated at a level at least largely within the thickness, at least within the projection of the relevant upper or lower wall.

16. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element is constructed, at least capable of being constructed as a composite element in which two element parts are in line interconnected by a fitting inner element part, the element extending in a corresponding hollow section of the element parts.

17. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the imer element part is included in between two inner wall parts.

“35 18, Element in accordance with any of the two preceding clauses, in which the ner glement is provided gs a hollow element in aluminum, 19, Element in accordance with any of the three preceding clauses, in which the inner element is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to the in line element parts.

20. Element in accordance with any of the four preceding clauses, in which the immer clement extends over at least virtually the fall length of the composite element.

21. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clanses, in which the element, forming a square element, is transversely connected with a transverse element part such 16 asa stand or column part, in particular by alandmuum welding, more in particular to an open end of the other transverse element part.

22. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the lateral walls of one element part are connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under omission of an end part of the onter wall facing, Le. at the side of the other transverse element.

23. Element according to any of the two preceding element claoses, in which the open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts is closed of by a plate included in Hine with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element part, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one transverse connected element part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part, 24, Element in accordance with the preceding clause, mn which the connection between the transverse element parts is re-enforced by a plated shore extending at an acute angle with each of the transverse clement parts,

25. Blement part according to the preceding clause in which the plated shore is 24 extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel to the lateral sides of the iransverse clentent parts.

26. Element according to the preceding clause, in which the side plates are formed by one of the two transverse element parts, and wherein the inner wall or walls extend up to the shore plate, is, are limited in length relative to the length of the upper, at least outer most wall pant of the relevant transverse clement part, 27, Method of constructing a builiding, conprising the use of a constructive element in aluminium in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive

“36m element part is connected to a another corresponding element part with transversely connected clement part, the transverse element part included as a column, in particular by connection to a column base, using a fitting inner element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses,

28. Method in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner part is included in the connecting part of the square element. 29, Method according to the preceding clause, in which the inner clement part is slid into the other, to be connected, aligned element past. 39, Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square clement are joint together, back to back as it were, so as to form a T shaped constructive clement, the joint parts forming a pillar or column, | 31. Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square clement part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding wethod clause.

32. Building construction with an slement or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses, [001621 Definitions (8) departing primarily from a viewpoint fooussed mainly on what practically might amount to a new method of constructing: fo0163] Constructive element such as girder or stand in aluminium, the element provided in an elongated hollow profiling as taken in cross section, m particular by way of extrusion, in which the slement is constructed, at least capable of being constructed as a composite element of at least two element parts, in which the two slement parts are in line interconnected by a fitting, equally hollow profiled inner element pars, the inner element extending in each of the two element parts a corresponding hollow section of the element parts.

[60164] Element in accordance with the preceding clause , in which the inner element is configured to extend in each element part over a length of at least one and a half time the height of the constructive element.

~37- [Dooiss] Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the clement is provided with two inner walls extending between twe lateral walls of the element, and in which the inner element part is included in between the two immer wall parts. joorss] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the distance between the two inner walls is larger than a distance between an inner wall and an outermost, upper or lower wall of the clement. (00167 Element in accordance with any of the two preceding clauses, in which both the element, hence the element parts and the inner element is provided as s hollow element in alaniniam.

oaisg] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clanses, in which the mner element is fixed, preferably in a releasable manner such as by bolting, to each of the two, m line connected element parts.

[00169] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the inner slement extends over at least virtually the entre length of the composite element.

1$ [00170] Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which an element, part is transversely connected with a transverse element part such as a stand or column part, in particular by alominium welding, more m particular to an open end of the other transverse clement part. foar] Element in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the lateral walls of one clement part ate connected to the tip end of the other transverse part, in particular under omission of an end part of the outer wall facing, i.e, at the side of the other transverse clement. {001721 Element according to any of the two preceding element clauses, in which the open tip end of one of the two transverse connected element parts is closed of by a plate included in line with the remote outer wall of the other transverse element part, connecting the upper and lateral walls of the one transverse connected element part with the tip end of the aligned outer wall of the other transverse connected element part. {001731 Element in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the connection between the transverse element parts is re-enforced by a plated shore extending at an acute angle with each of the transverse element parts.

38.

[00174] Element part according to the preceding claim in which the plated shore is extends between two transverse extending side plates, parallel to the lateral sides of the transverse element parts, [an17s] Element according to the preceding claim, in which the side plates are formed by one of the two transverse clement paris, and wherein the inner wall or walls extend up to the shore plate, Le. are limited in length relative to the length of the upper, at least outer most wall part of the relevant transverse element pan.

[00176] Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constractive element it alanumam w accordance with any of the preceding clauses, m which a constructive clement part is connected to a another corresponding element part with transversely connected element part, the transverse element part included as a coluran, in particular by connection to a colonm base, using a fitting moer elervent part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses.

[00177] Method in accordance with the preceding claim, in which the inner part is 13 included in the comecting part of the square element.

[00178] Method according to the preceding claim, in which the immer element part is slid into the other, to be connected, aligned clement pat. [001791 Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square slement are joint together, back to back as it were, zo as io form a T shaped constructive clement, the joint parts forming a pillar or column, 00180} Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square clement part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of convection with an elongated slerment part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method claim.

[00181] Building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses. 00182] Method of constructing a building, comprising the use of a constructive element in shuminiwm in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which a constructive clement part is connected to a another corresponding clement part with transversely comected clement part, the transverse element pan included as a colunm, in particular by connection to g column base, using a fitting hmer element part in accordance with one of the preceding clauses.

“3G. [001831 Method in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the inner part is cluded in the connecting part of the square element, [001841 Method according to the preceding clause, in which the inner element part is slid into the other, fo be connected, aligned element part.

[gigs] Method according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which two square clement are joint together, back to back as i were, so as to form a T shaped constractive element, the joint parts forming a pillar or colum,

[00186] Method in according to any of the preceding method clauses, in which a square element part, as such or in T form when joint with another square, is erected, in particular connected to its base, in advance of connection with an elongated element part, in particular in accordance with a preceding method clause,

[09187] Building construction with an element or method in accordance to any of the preceding clauses, fooisR] The present invention, apart from the preceding description, including clauses, definitions and/or statements, which by virtue of their relation to the same object, e.g. in the form of a specific aspect thereof or specific contribution thereto, at least relating to the same set of figures, may be freely mutually combined, is further explained along a following reference number list, set of claims and figures, in which various aspects are explained or figuratively represented that are united in the present application as one 28 invention, however the combination of which is indicated to possibly form the subject of a separate and different claim either within the present application or as a divisional application.

A.

Reference number Ist: 1 Building LIB Nut rotationally held locked by lateral 2 Column section; stand insert or cassette wall 2A first colunm embodiment 35 12 Square element; pre-fabricated ZB second column embodiment with column and givder section 2L rear side extension of column; lng 12F Column flange 2M flange openings for bolt insert 13 connection profile 3 Girder; Main girder I3A Retracted profile in transverse wall 4 Traverse or traverse girder 40 138 Protruding profile at transvers wall 4U U-shaped support for traverse 4 t4 Lateral wall 4D open drain for inserting into 4U 144A Opening access lid in lateral wall 4R U-shaped reinforcement profile in 4 148 Drain; Gutter pipe 5 Intermediate girder; extension piece 15 Transverse wall Sa upper girder wall 45 15a Outer transverse wall 5b upper inner wall connecting side walls 15b Profiled outer transverse wall 5¢ lower inner wall connecting side walls 15¢ internal transverse wall 5d Lower girder wall 15d Hollow insert 3L Tug; Girder side wall part; 16 Reinforcing profile and Cover SM Reinforcement end plate diagonal 50 17 profile insert AN extended upper girder wall 18 Bol, connection member SR Rim ontop face of girders 3 and 5 19 Cover; Gap closure 6 floor panel; slab 20 mtermediate column section 7 brace; re-enforcement brace 21 column end section & support element; for girder 3 58 22 column cap, upper end plate KB bracket or console for 8 23 column upper end section opening 8R Recess in transverse wall 8B 24 column bottom and access port 8N Notch to bottom wall of 8, positioning 8 25 Column bottom end and support plate to 8B 26 Lateral wall of girder 5 9 parking lot 60 27 Thicker upper aad or lower 10 ons way lane lateral wall section of girder 5 11 cassette part; for cassette intercomection28 Groove in lateral wall of girder 5 {1A Bolt for cassette connection 29 Fence of garage floor

WIN Building in aluminium 33 Light device - light system 31 Cubicle 5 34 Element with bolt holding profile 32 Synthetic insert - isolator 35 device clips for click connection.

CLALISES i. Constructive element such as girder, mn particular stand or colunm in alonunium, the clement provided in an elongated hollow, largely rectangular profile as taken in cross section, in particular by way of extrusion, the element having an elongation of a length typically at least adopted to common flooring distances in domestic building, the cross section showing lateral hollow profile walls extending over certain width, and transverse hollow profile walls of certain depth, extending between the two lateral walls, the element at one transverse wall provided with a profiling for matching connection of the element with a further element pact mcluded mirrored to said element.

18 2. Element according to clause 1, in which the connection profiling ts included at and transverse to a transverse wall of the hollow profiling.

3 Element according to clanse 1 or 2, in which the transverse wall remote fom the connection profiling is of a thickness larger than the thickness of another inner or outer wall part of the hollow profile, iS 4 Element according to any one of clauses 1, 2 and 3, in which the element is composed, as taken in cross section, of two element sections connected to one another, sg. by bolting or welding.

5. Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the transverse wall at the connection profiling is of smaller thickness than the lateral hollow profile walls, 8 Element according to any of the preceding clauses, in which the connection profiling is based on an at least partial continuation of 2 lateral wall

7. Element in accordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is of reduced thickness, typically to about 30% of thickness, the reduction in particular realised at an outer wall side of the continuation.

8. Element in accordance with any one of the two preceding clauses, in which one continuation is slightly longer then the continuation at the opposite lateral outer wall continuation, typically over a length matching the thickness of the continued wall section, and protruding directly along the inner side of a projection of the inner wall face of the lateral wall, 8 Element in accordance with any of the preceding three clauses, in which the shorter lateral wall continuation is provided with an end face bevelled with an outward facing plane.

Ae

16. Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which the element, at the transverse wall opposite the transverse wall with non-identical connection profiling, is provided with a profiling in the form of a continuation of the lateral side walls.

11, Element in secordance with the preceding clause, in which the continuation is at least about half the distance between the two transverse walls of the hollow profile.

12. Element in accordance with any of the preveding claoses 5 to 11, m which the connection profiling extends over a length at least about a quarter of the distance between the transverse walls of the element profile.

13 Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses § to 12, in which the clement is composed of two hollow clement sections, included mutually mirrored as taken in cross section, and connected by a welding scem at the bevelled end face of one of the two lateral wall continuations.

14, Element in accordance with any of the preceding clauses, in which an outermost face of the profile is completed by a further, either hollow or else open profiled element, extending over at least virtually the entire length of the element. is. Element in accordance with the preceding clause in which the further profiling sets forth a re~enforeement of the clement by being fomdy connected to the element, e.g. by bolting or welding.

16, Element in accordance with the preceding two clauses, in which the further profiling is at least largely Usshaped, and of a thickuess matching the thickness of the outward continuation of the lateral walls of the clement.

17. The present invention, apart from the preceding description, including clauses, definitions and/or statements, which by virtue of their relation to the same object, e.g. in the form of a specifie aspect thereof or specific contribution thereto, at least refuting to the same set of figures, may be freely mutually combined, is further explained slong a following set of clauses and figures, in which various aspects are explained or figuratively represented that are united in the present application as one invention, however the combination of which is indicated to possibly form the subject of a separate 39 and different clause either within the present application or as a divisions! application,

Claims (1)

ideidea CONCLUSIES i. Constructie!l element (2; 24, 2B) zoals staander of kolom wit ahenmium, waarbij het element, genomen in dwarsdoorsnede, is uitgevoerd met van ven langwerpig, hol, $ grotendeels rechthoekig profiel, in het bijzonder tevens geschikt voor productie door middel van extrusie, waarbij het element zich ten nunste uitstrekt over een lengte die is aangepast aan cen gangbare onderlinge vloerafstand in de woningbouw, waarbij zen dwarsdoorsnede laterale holle profielwanden {14} toont die zich over een bepaalde breedte uitstrekken, en holle profielwanden met cen bepaalde diepte (27, 28; 154, 158, 1 150), die zich uitstrekken tussen de twee laterale wanden, en waarbij het element nabij één dwarswand is voorzien van cen profilering (134; 138) voor een passende verbinding van het element met con verder elementdeel dat daarmee gespiegeld ten opzichte van het element in con aldus samengesteld element kan zijn opgenomen,CONCLUSIONS i. Structural element (2; 24, 2B) such as post or column of white ahenmium, where the element, taken in cross-section, is made with an elongated, hollow, mostly rectangular profile, in particular also suitable for production by means of extrusion, where the element extends at least over a length adapted to a common floor spacing in residential buildings, where its cross-section shows lateral hollow profile walls {14} extending over a certain width, and hollow profile walls with a certain depth ( 27, 28; 154, 158, 1 150), which extend between the two lateral walls, and wherein the element is provided with a profiling (134; 138) near one transverse wall for a suitable connection of the element with a further element part that thus mirrored with respect to the element in con thus composed element can be included, 2. Element volgens conchisie 1 in waarbij de aanshnitprofilering (134; 13B) is iS opgenomen bij, en haaks op con dwarswand (15B; 28) van de holle profilering, 3, Element volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij de van de verbindingsprofilering afpekeerde dwarswand (27; 134) een grotere dikte heeft dan de dikte van cen ander tunnen of buiten, dwars wanddeel (28; 15C) van het holle profiel.2. Element according to conchision 1 in which the joining profiling (134; 13B) is included at and perpendicular to the transverse wall (15B; 28) of the hollow profiling, 3. Element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connection profiling faces away from transverse wall (27; 134) has a greater thickness than the thickness of another tunnel or outer, transverse wall part (28; 15C) of the hollow section. 4. Element volgens een van de conclusies 1, 2 en 3, tn waarbij het element (2; 24, ZE), in dwarsdoorsnede genowen, 1s samengesteld uit twee elementsecties dic met elkaar zijn verbonden, bijvoorbeeld door nuddel van boutverbinding of zen of meer lassen.Element according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, tn wherein the element (2; 24, ZE), in cross-section, is composed of two element sections that are connected to each other, for example by means of bolting or zen or more welding. 3. Element volgens cen van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de dwarswand (28; TSB) bij de verbindingsprofilering (13A; 13B) cen geringere dikte heeft dan de laterale holle profielwanden (14).3. Element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the transverse wall (28; TSB) at the connecting profiling (13A; 13B) has a smaller thickness than the lateral hollow profile walls (14). 6. Element (2B) volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de verbindingsprofilering (13A; 13B) & gebaseerd op een althans gedeeltelijke voortzetiing van een zijwand (14).Element (2B) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the connection profile (13A; 13B) & is based on an at least partial continuation of a side wall (14). 7. Element (2B) volgens de voorgaande conclusie, waarbij de voortzetting (138) een verminderde dikte heeft, typisch tot ongeveer 50% van de dikte, waarbij de verjongiog in het bijzonder wordt gerealiseerd aan cen buitenwandzijde van de voortzetting. &, Element (2B) in oversenstenuning met een van de twee voorgaande conchusiss, waarbij zen verjongde voortzetting aan een laterale wand {13B) iets langer is dan de voortzetting aan de tegenoverliggende laterale buitenwand, typisch over con lengte die vvereenkont met de dikte van de doorlopende wandsectie,Element (2B) according to the preceding claim, wherein the extension (138) has a reduced thickness, typically to about 50% of the thickness, the reduction being particularly realized on an outer wall side of the extension. &, Element (2B) in opposition to one of the two preceding conchusiss, with its tapered continuation on one lateral wall {13B) slightly longer than the continuation on the opposite lateral outer wall, typically by a length corresponding to the thickness of the continuous wall section, 9. Element (2B) in overgenstemming toet de voorgaande conclusie, waarbij de langere voortzetting direct uitsteekt of verloopt langs de binnenzijde van een projectie & van het binnenvlak van deze zijwand. 1 Element (ZB) volgens een der drie voorgaande conchisies, waarbij de kortere verjongde zijwand-voortzeting is voorzien van een vindvlak dat is afgeschuimd met een naar buiten gekeerd aanzichtvlak, il, Element (3B) volgens sen van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het element aan de dwarswand tegenover de dwarswand met ongelijke aanstuliprofilering is voorzien van cen profilering in de vorm van ven voortzetting van de zijwanden {14}.An element (2B) according to the preceding claim, wherein the longer continuation protrudes or extends directly along the inner side of a projection & of the inner face of this side wall. 1 Element (ZB) according to one of the three preceding conchisions, wherein the shorter tapered side wall extension is provided with a finding surface that is skimmed with an outwardly facing viewing surface, il, Element (3B) according to sen of the preceding claims, wherein the element on the transverse wall opposite the transverse wall with unequal supporting profiling is provided with a profiling in the form of a continuation of the side walls {14}. 12. Element (2B} volgens de voorgaande conclusie, waarbij de voortzetting ten minste ongeveer de halve afstand tussen de twee dwarswanden van het holle profiel bedraagt. 12, Element volgens zen van de voorgaande conclusies $ tot 12, waarbij het 5 verbindingsprofiel {13B} zich uitstrekt over zen lengte van tenminste ongeveer cen kwart van de afstand tussen de dwarswanden van het elementprofiel.12. Element (2B} according to the preceding claim, wherein the continuation is at least about half the distance between the two transverse walls of the hollow profile. extends over a length of at least about a quarter of the distance between the transverse walls of the element profile. 14. Element (3B) volgens cen van de voorgeande conclusies 5 tot 13, waarbij het cloment is samengesteld uit twee in dwarsdoorsnee spiegelbeeldig tegenover elkaar opgestelde holle clemeniseeties, die onderling zijn verbonden door cen lasverbinding op het sfgeschumde eindvlak van een van de twee zijwand-voortzettngen (13E), iS. Elewent (2; 24, 2B}volgens cen van de voorgaande conclastes, waarbij ecn buitenvlak van het profiel wordt gecompleteerd door een sangebracht, verder hol dan wel Usvormig uitgevoerd profielelement {15} dat zich over althans nagenoeg de gehele langle van het element uitstrekt, 15, Element in overeenstenaniig met de voorgaande conclasie waarin het verdere profielelement (16) een versterking van het element (2, 2A, ZB) vormt door stevige verbinding wet het element, bijvoorbeeld door vastschroeven (18) of lassen,Element (3B) according to any one of the preceding claims 5 to 13, wherein the element is composed of two hollow elements arranged opposite each other in transversal cross-section, which are mutually connected by a weld joint on the foamed end face of one of the two sidewalls. continuations (13E), iS. Elewent (2; 24, 2B} according to one of the preceding conclastes, in which an outer surface of the profile is completed by a profile element {15} which is further concave or U-shaped and extends over at least almost the entire length of the element, 15, Element in accordance with the previous claim, in which the further profile element (16) forms a reinforcement of the element (2, 2A, ZB) by firmly connecting the element, for example by screwing (18) or welding, 17. Element volgens de voorgaande twee conclusies, waarbij de verdere profilering {16) althans grotendeels U-vormig is, en van een dikte die past bij de dikte van de bulenwaartse voortzetting (138) van de zijwanden (14) van het element {2B).17. Element according to the preceding two claims, wherein the further profiling {16) is at least largely U-shaped, and of a thickness that matches the thickness of the bulging continuation (138) of the side walls (14) of the element {2B ).