MXPA99001634A - Device for visually inspecting the surface condition of large-dimension surfaces to be matched - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for visually inspecting the surface condition of large-dimension surfaces to be matched, in particular painted bodywork, with substantially vertical and horizontal surfaces to be matched or painted surfaces. Provided at a lateral spacing from the object (1) are vertically disposed luminous elements (3, 4, 5) whose principal radiation direction (6), viewed in horizontal planes, is directed at an oblique angle to the substantially vertical surfaces to be matched. The luminous elements (3, 4, 5) are protected against being looked at directly from an observation position (B), located in the space between the object (1) and the luminous elements (3, 4, 5), at least from direction R2 of the normals of the vertical surface to be matched.

Description

DEVICE FOR VISUALLY INSPECTING THE SUPERFICIAL CONDITION OF LARGE-DIMENSIONAL SURFACES COMPARE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: The invention concerns a device for the visual inspection of the surface condition of surfaces of great dimension that have to be compared or equalized, especially of painted bodies of lacquer, with vertical and horizontal work surfaces. By the prior art, optical devices for judging the color of small surfaces are known, however these devices are not adaptable for appreciating large surfaces, for example complete bodies in the construction of automobiles. In addition, different lighting structures are known to recognize the faults of the surfaces, in which the corresponding person must look directly at the lamp to recognize the faults of the surface. In addition, the known arrangements cause faults by the shadows sent by people working, for which the recognition of faults is only possible in certain positions that differ greatly from one another. The known devices for recognizing surface faults do not make it possible to simultaneously recognize color faults. It is for the purpose of the present invention to create a device for the visual inspection of the REF: 29428 surface condition of the surfaces to be examined in large dimensions, with which it is possible to recognize both the faults on the surface and the surface. color faults in large-area objects, especially lacquer painted bodies, where workers are not dazzled and shade is avoided by workers. This purpose is fulfilled in the invention by the characteristics indicated in the claims. The visual inspection of the surfaces to be worked includes both the distinction of colors, color effect and brightness or the recognition of faults of the lacquer paint. The recognition of the different faults demands a specific coordination of the direction of observation and of the direction of illumination and also the conformation of the environment has great importance. To compare the color matching, for example, the radiation of the oblique incident light connected to the vertical observation is favorable, where a low light density of the delimitation of the reflected space on the bright surface is important, since a lighting structure by above defined very accurately or the light density of the environment is imposed on color printing and is prevented - recognition of color differences. This means that lights or lamps should not be reflected on the surfaces to be compared or matched.

On the other hand, for the recognition of the characteristics of the surface a reflection of the light structure is advantageous, since in the limits of darkness, clarity, reflected, faults are made visible by the variation of the course. For the invention, the following coordinates of radiation steps and types of faults or visual tasks are presented: The radiation trajectories with a reflected illumination structure allow the recognition of surfaces of which are indicated by a geometric deformation of the considered surface. In addition the evaluation of the brightness as well as the evaluation of the effect of the lacquers, becomes possible. The trajectories of radiation without being reflected allow the recognition and comparison of colors as well as the recognition of surface faults, which have no geometric deformation on the surface. By changing the lighting and / or the viewing angles, color effects are also visible. To distinguish the different radiation trajectories, the brightness angle must be taken into consideration, this brightness angle is defined as that angle, for which the observation angle in a directed reflection deviates from the direction of the reflected light beam. According to the size of the brightness angle, two observation geometries are produced: small brightness angle, for example approximately 15 ° cause radiation paths, in which the light structure is reflected, so that a surface observation of a large brightness angle, for example approximately 45 °, which prevents the reflection of a light structure is possible, what is useful for recognition • or color matching. Taking into account the above relationships, the basic purpose of the invention is reached, because several lighting elements are provided in a fixed relation with respect to the surface to be observed, whose main direction is directed at an inclined angle to the vertical arrangement seen in the horizontal plane, where the light elements are provided with screens, which are effective in a direction between the main radiation direction and the direction perpendicular to the surface to be considered, in such a way that at least in the observation of the measured from those angles close to the direction of the normals, no luminous part of the illumination elements are reflected on it. The luminous elements are shielded here in such a way that the rays, which strike against the luminous elements from the directions of the normal surfaces. they have to be compared and an angular margin around the normal, either directly or after reflection on the light baffles coordinated to the luminous elements, collide against the absorbent screens of the light. By means of the device according to the invention, in which the luminous elements radiate in an inclined manner, for example at an angle below 45, on the surfaces to be compared or compared, elbow-type surface faults are recognizable as well as color faults as well as other surface effects, for example, detachment in the metallic lacquer, where the observer, preferably during the comparison of the object will be between it and the luminous elements, and changing position or by a change in the direction of its Look can perform all the radiation emissions and observation steps that are necessary. The luminous elements are shielded against a direct view from the direction of the normals of the considered surfaces and in a certain angular field around the normals against a direct view, and remain with them in those directions without light radiation. A dazzle of the observer or an overlap of the field of observation by the reflections of the illumination, does not occur, in the case of the inspection of the colors. By means of the measures indicated in the subordinate claims, other cat-signings and improvements are possible. The surfaces to be observed can be placed horizontally, vertically or also inclined. Under the concept of substantially vertical or horizontal surfaces that are to be observed, as they appear in the bodies painted with lacquer, those surfaces that are easily assembled must be understood, where a corresponding adjustment of the lighting geometry, if desired, is possible. The quality of the comparison or equalization of the horizontal surfaces, for example the surfaces of the roof in the bodies, can be improved by a ceiling lighting, which preferably sends the light in an inclined manner and is advantageously shielded from vertical directions below and in a angular zone around that direction. The observation of the vertical surfaces, for example the side surfaces of the bodies, can be improved in the area close to the floor by illumination from the floor radiated upwards, especially in a direction transverse to the illuminated surface. The luminous elements of the floor and ceiling can be replaced by mirrors on the floor or ceiling to continue the geometry of illumination of the side walls. In the simplest case, according to the invention, the distribution of light and the shading of the luminous arrangement by a luminous wall or a plurality of individual lights can be realized., possibly already with a distribution of light in bundles, of which vertical or inclined lamellae essentially parallel to the desired main radiation direction, are arranged so close together, that a direct reflection in the angular zone around the surface is not possible. the normal of the surfaces to be compared. By the configuration of the luminous elements as lights with a reflector preferably curved by an axis, which the light of one or more lamps extending longitudinally parallel to the axis of the reflector, joins in bundles in planes transverse to the axis of the lamps, where preferably a disc-shaped screen is arranged parallel to the main radiation direction of the lamps, a lighting installation with lights with integrated baffle devices and a flat structure with a high degree of light effect being established. In addition, these lights can be established as individual modules. In addition, the shielding can be improved because a plurality of screens are arranged in the middle of a reflector parallel to the first screen. The comparison or equalization of the colors is improved and established in a variable manner because at least the screen surfaces that face the part of the reflector, in which they are reflected. the radiations of the incident light, absorbent and neutral to the color, for example black or gray, with which a reduction of the glare and irritations is reached by the sufficient reduction of the density of the light during the inspection. A greater decrease in the constructive depth of the lights occurs because one half of the reflector that is turned towards the observer is cut off, the central screen being then able to represent the wall of the reflector box. In addition, it is advantageous to provide a light collector reflector around the lamp. This light collector reflector can either send the light back to the lamp with the effect of reaching a small basic dispersion of the system, but with lower efficiency, or it can go around the lamp with the effect of a larger basic dispersion and greater efficiency . In an advantageous embodiment, the lights can be dimmed, where a drop in the light flux of the lamps "can be compensated for by the use because the lamps are operated in an attenuated state and with the increase in the fall of the light flow decreases the Extra attenuation has the advantage that by multiple inspection lights a desired lighting profile can be established on a surface to be inspected, in an advantageous way, in order to reduce the losses by absorption, in external surfaces to a minimum, external reflectors can be placed directed to the external lateral surfaces of the light box, and preferably as a continuation of the reflector of the lights arranged there, where the reflectors can at least partially be integrated in the box shape On the other hand these surfaces can also be neutral to the color with a low degree of reflection, to avoid the same Examples of embodiment of the invention, which will be explained in the following description, are presented in the drawings. Sample: Figure 1 a view of a device according to the invention with a body as object of inspection; Figure 2 a side view of the device according to the invention; Figure 3 a view on a second embodiment of the device according to the invention; Figure 4 a view on a third embodiment of the device according to the invention; Figure 5 a side view of a horizontal surface, for example the roof of a body by means of a ceiling lighting; Figure 6 a side view of the illumination of the upper side surface of a body with overhead lights; Figure 7 a view on the lights with pre-connected lamellae as a screen; Figure 8 a section through a first light used in the invention with its radiation trajectories; Figure 9 a section through a second embodiment of a light used; Figure 10 a section through another example of embodiment of a light with radiation trajectories; Figure 11 and 12 cut through another light with a different embodiment with multiple deflectors; Figure 13 the surface of a deflector with a grid or absorption sensor; Figure 14 a section and the view on a light with parallel lamellae or discs arranged transverse to the axis of the lamp; Figure 15 a cut through two lights that are next to each other; Figure 16 is a section through another embodiment of a light, which is used in the invention; Figure 17 a view of a part of the array of lights used in the invention, in two embodiments; Figures 18 and 19 a section through another embodiment of a light used in the invention with different radiation or emission trajectories; Figure 20 a section through a light as used for the ceiling illumination in Figure 5 and in Figure 6; and Figure 21 a schematic representation of a light most used in the invention, in section with different emission trajectories. The device according to the invention shows the ground plane of an inspection area 1 in Fig. 1 and in the diagram correspondingly is a cross section of the area in Fig. 2. The object to be verticated is, in the modality given by way of example, a fully painted body 1, which consists subetancialmente of vertical and horizontal surfaces to be inspected, including also slightly arched or curved surfaces. The object is located in the center of area 2 and is illuminated by a lighting arrangement 3, 4 which is provided on the limiting walls of area 2, a distance or space is left between lighting arrangement 3, 4 which is at least large enough for an observer B to be able to move comfortably in space. The lighting arrangement 3, 4 consists of vertically arranged lights 5 which are in this mode around the corners, in order to save space, the light arrangement 3 is arranged opposite to the light arrangement 4. The lights 5 whose modes are they will describe later in detail, they radiate at an inclined angle to the perpendicular surfaces of the object, in the direction of emission indicated by the arrows 6. The radiation angle is preferably 45 °, the direction of the radiation is achieved in the case more simple by lamellae that are arranged parallel to each other and spaced, in front of a luminous wall or in front of any radiation lamps 5. However, these lamellae require a relatively large amount of space since they have to have sufficient depth, so that the lights special 5, with certain radiation characteristics being used, as will be described later. The vertical partial surfaces of the object are always illuminated obliquely and the light arrangements 3, 4 are configured so that looking directly from the direction of the normals, the perpendicular partial surface of the object is avoided. In Figure 1, an observer B stands in the space or path between the object 1 and the light installations 3, 4, and observes the side wall in different directions, which are indicated by the arrows R1, R2, R3. When the observer looks in the direction R2, he sees the side wall of the body at a 45 ° angle of view, by which means it is possible to compare the color. Direct glare is prevented by the opposing light array 3 on account of the screen, for example by the lamellae not shown. Through the incident light radiation, the observer does not cast shadows on the visual field. When the observer B looks in the direction Rl, due to the small angle of the look, the illumination structure, that is, the structure of the lights, is reflected, whereupon the faults of the surface and the effects of the structure of the surface of the body can be recognized. By observing in the direction R3 the observer B can more recognize the effects of the surface, for example the detachment. If desired, inspection as regards color as well as surface and structural faults can be performed, the observer is located during the inspection in a vertical alignment between the object and the lighting arrangement. In Fig. 2, the area according to Fig. 1 is shown in section, here in addition to the side lighting or lighting arrangements 3, 4 there is provided a light arrangement 7 on the ceiling and a lighting arrangement 8 on the floor. By means of such additional lighting arrangements 7, 8, the surface faults in the region of the floor and in the lower region of the body are especially better noted, this also applies to the engine compartment and the trunk or the horizontal surfaces that they are below. The lighting arrangement or lights 7 consists of either deep radiation ceiling lights with a small radiation angle or ceiling lights that radiate light obliquely on one or both sides and are preferably shielded in the perpendicular directions from below and in a angle range around that direction. In Figs. 5 and 6 a light arrangement 7 for the roof is shown in diagram, the direction of radiation is also 45 ° to the surfaces of the object i. In Figure 6, the ceiling lighting 7 is also used to observe the side surfaces. The light arrangement 8 on the floor consists of floor lights, which radiate the light obliquely on one or both sides and are preferably shielded from the perpendicular directions from above and at an angle margin around that direction. The lights of the lighting arrangement on the floor are arranged transversely, for the object to be pursued, to the surface of the object 1. In another embodiment, the lighting arrangement 7, 8 on the ceiling or on the floor are replaced by mirrors that they are arranged on the floor and on the ceiling, and they reflect the lighting geometry of the side lighting arrangements 3, 4. If necessary, the lighting arrangements 7 and 8 can be omitted, the side arrangements 3, 4 can realize their function. In Figure 3, another embodiment with a different geometry of Figure 1 is shown, where here the lighting arrangements 3, 4 are only deposed on the opposite side walls extending along. The object 1, for example, the body, is located in a conveyor belt 9, where essentially the lateral surfaces of the object must be inspected here. Such an arrangement is for example also suitable as mounting lighting. Another embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4, where the lighting arrangement 4 is divided into the lighting arrangement 4.1 and 4.2 and correspondingly the lighting arrangement 3 is divided into the lighting arrangement. 3.1 and in 3.2. Here they emit each of the lights 5 of the lighting arrangement 4.1 and 4.2 or 3.l and 3.2 in the directions of radiation 6, which are perpendicular to each other, but both have an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the vertical surfaces of object i. In this arrangement the inspection can be carried out around the object, where the vertical surfaces can be illuminated in two directions one after the other or simultaneously, in order to decrease with the simultaneous illumination the color effect dependent on the direction and in the separate illumination. all effects are recognizable. In this way it is possible that the vertical lighting arrangements 3, 4 consist of lights that measured in the horizontal plane, radiate on both sides in an inclined manner, preferably below an angle of + 45 °, and because of their optical system or by means of a corresponding arrangement of lamellae act against a direct impression of the direction of the normals of the vertical surfaces being examined. i a In this case, they can by change d direcic! and r * -i A: also to establish radiation trajectories with and without reflection of the illuminating structure, however the detachment effects can already be recognized in a metallic lacquer paint. In the lighting arrangements 3, 4, the separation of the lights 5 and the screening device by the ID lamellas in FIG. 7 is cosirisa and makes füt? I1 have SC-t-cácpes VE-CL-ÜLES, where the lighting elements are combined modularly. In addition, relatively large constructive depths are produced, which are disadvantageous. Therefore, specially adapted lights should be used, which are described below. The geometric parameters r for the optical system dimension of a light 5 are produced from the consideration of the radiation of the test light, whose course is taken into account in the optical system. A light 5 with such a radiation path is shown in Figure 8. Light 5, shown in cross section, consists of a monoaxial curved reflector 11, which in the embodiment of the example is parabolically constructed, but can also be elliptical , or be composed of a polygon trace and an elongated lamp 12, for example a fluorescent lamp, J the reflector 11 gathers the light of the fluorescent lamp 12 in planes transverse to the axis of the lamp. The address d? main radiation of the light 5 by an arrow 17, where the main direction 17, as described above, has an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the vertical lateral surfaces of the object to be inspected 1. To protect the direction of the observer B observes against the radiation of the light 5, a baffle 13 is arranged over the entire height of the light 5, preferably in the vertical symmetry plane of the reflector 11 before the lamp 11. Here the depth of the reflector 11 is determined. to the width and the position of the deflector 13 in such a way that, with a view tilted against the main radiation direction 17, the lamp neither directly nor by reflection can be seen on the surface of the reflector. The dimensions of the optical system must be such that all light beams in the direction of the observer placed obliquely with respect to the radiation or main direction 17 are either directly captured by the screen 13 or after reflection on the reflector 11. For this, the following conditions must be maintained, which are explained in relation to the trajectories of the beams. A beam of light 16, which enters the reflector obliquely to the main radiation direction 17 at the leading edge 11.1, must fall on the screen 13 opposite the trailing edge 13.1 thereof. A beam of light 15 of the same direction as the light beam 16, which strikes the reflector 11 after the front edge 13.2 of the screen 13, is reflected there and must touch the screen 13. A beam of light 14 thereof direction that the light rays 15 and 16 touch the front edge 11.2 of the reflector 11, is reflected there and should touch the screen 13. These beam paths are shown in FIG. 8. By means of this measure it is guaranteed that from the directions described the reflector always appears in the color of the defleeor, i-e. dark, and that neither the luminance of the lamp nor the ambient clarity that penetrates the reflector will have radiation in the directions 14, 15 and 16. With structured surfaces or with facets of the reflector 11, the rays of light expand in beams of light so that the screen has to be enlarged until all the light rays are captured by the screen 13. When the above conditions are fulfilled, from the respective direct observation direction, the view of the surfaces of the lamp 12 is no longer possible either directly or after reflection by the surface of the reflector. The surfaces of the screen 13 must on the one hand be shaped in such a way, that the luminous flux that falls directly causes a small clarity in the direction of the observers that are deviated from the main radiation direction 17, but on the other hand, confirms a good quality of the inspection. This is given, if both sides of the screen are made so that they are absorbent, and in the case of color inspection they are designed in a neutral color, for example black or gray. In order to cause a uniform gloss distribution on the surface of the screen 13, which is rotated out of reach of the observer. In another embodiment provided with a light absorbent course grating, which is made stronger in the near region of the lamp. Such sensor or absorption grid 18 is presented in Figure 13. Here it is on the left side of the drawing plane, the one in front of the lamp 12. In Figure 9 another light 5 is shown in section, where two lamps 12 they are used to enlarge the radiated luminous flux. The lamps are covered by a reflector 19 disposed transversely to the screen 13 for improved glare removal. In Figure 10 another mode of light is represented with beam paths, here the screen 13, in contrast to FIGS. 8 and 9, extends as far as the closing front edge of the reflector 11. It is presented that in the oblique gaze or orientation to light 5, from the directions outside the main direction of radiation, different shields for both sides of the reflector '11 are presented. These relations are shown in Figure 10, the light rays 20 show that simulate a look striking the absorbing screen 13 after reflection on the upper side of the reflector in the plane of the drawing, while the light beams 21 strike against the lamp 12 from the same direction and thus illuminate it. The light rays 22, which pass the front edge 11.1 of the reflector 11, collide with the .71a screen 13 and remain dark. Thus the removal of the glare for the half of the reflector that is farthest from the observer and higher in the plane of the drawing, is more favorable than the half of the reflector turned towards the observer and which is the lowest in the drawing. The recognition of this is presented in Figures 11 and 12, where other screens 23 are arranged parallel to the screen 13 in the middle of the reflector, which for example protects the light rays corresponding to the light beam 21 in Fig. 10. Its depth can be configured so that the light beam 22 serves co or the boundary or boundary. The additional screens 23 which are aligned parallel to the central screen 13, in order to prevent the radiation of the reflector 11 as little as possible, can correspondingly to Fig. 12 be bent at its turned end toward the lamp 12, with the object to increase its stability. Preferably the side facing the lamp of the bent portion 24 of the lamellae 23 is designed to be reflective, especially highly bright, whereby the degree of efficiency of the light reaches a maximum. The central deflector 13 can also be bent correspondingly. In another exemplary embodiment not shown, all deflectors 13, 23 are wedge-shaped, with their widest end facing the lamp, which have the advantage of greater mechanical stability. For the question of the surfaces it is valid for the remaining baffles as for the central baffle 13, in any case the sides of the baffles 23 turned towards the lamp can be made in reflective form, especially with a high brilliance. In Figure 14 another measure is shown to bring the light radiation of the lights 5 to an optimum. In the lamps 12 that extend along the length, the beam connection of the reflector 11 always refers to the planes transverse to the axis of the lamp. Further optimization can be achieved by the union of the light rays also in the vertical planes, if by means of light-absorbing lamellae, which are known per se, or reflective lamellae directed with parabola bending, which are arranged parallel to one another transversely to the other. lamp shaft before the reflector or in the internal space of the reflector. In order to direct a lot of light especially on the body, such lamellae can also be arranged inclined with a simultaneous alignment transverse to the axis of the lamp. This is also advantageous when the lights are arranged vertically on the head, whose usable light flow is directed downwards. The effect of the lamellae can be made or enlarged by means of prismatic discs, as shown in FIG. 14. The discs 25 are in that embodiment curved directly before the lamp 12 between the lamp and the screen 13, arranged over the entire height . In the upper part of Fig. 14, the light 5 is represented and in the lower part, the iateral view. The discs 25 may be provided with triangular prisms running transversely to the axis of the lamp, on the side opposite the light exit surface, preferably at an angle of 120 °., because this does not disturb the distribution of light traneversally to the axis of the lamp. In Fig. 15 two lights 5"are arranged side by side, their main radiation direction is again 45 ° to the side surfaces of the object 1 to be inspected.With the illumination of large surfaces, as shown in Fig. i a large number of lights of this class 5 are placed side by side as modular lights, in order to reduce to a minimum the losses by absorption on the outer surfaces of the lights 5, the reflective reflectors 26 they are disposed on the lateral outer surfaces of the light box, which can be said to form the continuation of the internal reflector 11 of the light 5. These reflectors can be integrated at least partially in the shape of the box. of the colors the reflections of the environment have to be reduced, the surfaces 26 preferably neutral to the color and of an absorbent color of the black or gray light, for example. and 12, a plurality of screens 23 are arranged in the middle of the reflector pointing towards the observer, to improve the screen effect, the reduction of the glare is remarkably improved with this, however the efficiency of the lamp is also reduced. With this, in fig. 16 shows an embodiment of the light 5, which is a continuation of the idea of removing the glare, but with an improved lamp efficiency, wherein the construction depth of the light assembly can be further reduced. For this, half of the reflector towards the observer is cut off and the light 5 consists of an arched reflector 27 that can be continuously formed as the reflector 11 or is composed of flat or curved strips, and whose surface can be of high gloss or structured slightly with the object of increasing the uniformity of the light radiation, wherein the arc-shaped part in the cross section is connected to the part which is curved in the cross section 28 and the lamp 12 is taken in the part 28 in its cross section in the shape of a circular arc. At the end of the arc-shaped part 28 the baffle 13 is joined, which likewise has the limiting surface facing outwards. The reflector part 28 in the form of an arc in the cross section thus represents a light collector reflector, which sends light back to the lamp with the effect of a small basic dispersion of the system but a lower degree of efficiency, but also it conducts light around the lamp with the effect of a greater basic dispersion and a high degree of efficiency. The reflector material is preferably of high brightness with the highest possible degree of reflection of the directed reflection. In Figure 16 a light 5 with an asymmetric light distribution is shown, which is cut off on the side facing the observer, abruptly, and on the side opposite the observer can radiate at any width, with several beam trajectories . The radiations of the test light from the direction 29 meet the desired screening conditions, when they collide with the baffle 13 which is constructed correspondingly to the dazzle. The direction of the test light rays is outside the light distribution 30 of the reflector 1 determined by the light rays coming from the lamp 12. A direct view on the lamp 12 from the directions to which the side is opposite outside of deflector 13, it is not possible. The reflector part 28 accumulates the light of the lamp and reflects it into the lamp, so that the average luminescence is increased. In this case, the basic dispersion that arises from the size of the lamp remains.

In Figures 18 and 19 an embodiment is represented in which the reflector part 28 has a greater distance to the lamp 12, whereby optically the lamp means 12. In this case, the reflector part 28 is formed in a circular sector in the cross section, as are the light rays 31, which collide in a certain area behind the lamp 12, and the light rays 32 which do so. before the lamp 12, in the reflector part 28, after the reflection they reach the lamp 12. In this way, the lamp apparently grows and a greater basic dispersion of the reflector is achieved. Since the light rays are not reflected back into the lamp and thus can not be absorbed, this reflector has a high degree of efficiency. The shape of the part of the arc reflector 27 is determined for the purpose pursued in such a way that a closed illumination between 31 and 32 is produced, and preferably so that all the light rays are reflected when passing at the starting point 13.2 of the deflector. The part of the reflector 28 in the form of a semicircle is preferably arranged so far from the lamp and on the baffle 13, so that the baffle 13 is not under the rays of the lamp 12. The edge 13.1 of the baffle 13 can be placed at will. the shadows of the reflector part 28, but it must be placed directly next to it. In Figure 19 another radiation path is shown, and the deflection effect for the light rays 33, 34 and 35. These light rays touch precisely the reflector part 28 - semicircular in cross section, but are driven from the part of the reflector 28 without touching the lamp 12, so that the test light rays can not be added to the luminescence of the lamp 12. The dark test light rays 33, 34, 35 remain outside the light beam 36. A baffle perpendicular to the surface of the reflector part 28 between it and the lamp 12 can be additionally provided, whereby the passage or trajectory of the rays will be interrupted within the light-collecting reflector part 28. By means of the light absorbent qualities of the additional deflector, the glare removal of the lights 5 is further improved. The lights 5 are preferably enclosed at least approximately transversely to the main radiation direction 17 with exclusion discs, with the object to prevent interference reflections on the surface of the cover discs. Preferably such exclusion discs are made non-dispersing. In order to achieve a smooth transition between the light distributions of the adjacent lights, it may be advantageous to realize the somewhat dispersing exclusion discs. In special cases a strong dispersion can be selected, if the limitation of the glare is not very important. Figure 17 shows a plurality of lights 5 corresponding to figures 16, 18, 1 ^, which are aligned obliquely to each other, where the main direction of radiation 17 has an angle of 45 ° with respect to the surface to be inspected. It must be recognized that the constructive depth "d" is only determined by "one" half of the reflector and therefore is small. Two embodiments are shown and without a cover disk A. In FIG. 20, another embodiment of a light is shown, in which the deflector 13 is omitted, with which the anti-glare properties decrease and the environment can be reflected in the reflector. The light of the lamp 12 radiates within the radiant beam 37, while the light radiation indicated by interrupted lines remains dark. It may be appropriate to use a ceiling light, to achieve a light radiation from both sides. Such lights, are especially suitable for roof lights, which are placed laterally next to the body or surfaces to be inspected, so that the reflection of the clarity of the environment does not disturb. They are also suitable for illuminations, in which the inspection of color comparison has a secondary meaning or does not represent any role. In FIG. 21 another embodiment is shown for a light 5 in a cross section, which can be used for the side light arrays 3, 4 in FIG. i if the color comparison does not matter or has a secondary one. A reflector 39, 40 is provided to be symmetrically designed to the plane of symmetry 38, respectively a flat reflector part 39 is disposed at an angle of approximately 75 ° to the plane of symmetry 38, followed by a slightly curved reflector part 40. Another elongated lamp 12 is disposed on or in the plane of symmetry and is traneally covered with respect to the plane of symmetry 38 by a baffle 41 which is made with high brightness on the side towards the lamp 12. In FIG. Reflections of the lamp 12 and baffle 41 are represented with virtual light sources 12 'and 12"and as a virtual baffle 41' The reflector portion 40 reflects a limiting beam 42 of the lamp 12 reflected first on the baffle 41 and then on the reflector part 39, this is of the virtual lamp 12"in the direction that they have a deflection angle 43 greater than 30 ° to 40 ° to the plane of symmetry 38. The width of the reflector 39, 40 is selected, as such so that the lamp 12 and all the images 12 ', 12"only become visible at angles greater than the angle of deflection 43. The light 5 according to Figure 21 is particularly suitable for recognizing faults in bright body with a light. simultaneously oblique, and therefore weak shadows of the work field and in particular of work fields moved on transport bands. They can also be used advantageously as lights laid on the floor perpendicular to the direction of transport and as roof lights. According to the luminous intensity that is required, both can be arranged close together and also spaced apart. Fluorescent lights having a suitable spectral light distribution are preferably used as lamps 12. Such lamps should be as similar as possible to the source of comparative natural light, usually daylight. Fluorescent lamps are adequate if their so-called metamerism index is greater than 0.7. What is disadvantageous with these lamps is their severe loss of luminous flux during their duration in use. For this reason a regulating circuit and a light reducing device are provided, by means of the device the lamps can operate in a reduced state, and upon detection of the fall increase in the course of use and this is indicated to the regulating circuit, by means of which the reduction is being withdrawn. By means of the light reducing device it is also possible to establish a certain profile of luminous intensity for a plurality of lights, which is advantageous for a surface to be inspected. All dimmer lights can be configured so that a plurality of reflectors or optical systems are arranged parallel to each other in a box directly next to each other or with one. mutual space.

In addition, all the lights or reflectors can be configured so that, for example, they maintain a mirror symmetry between them, which are capable of radiation at a positive or negative angle of 45 °, being possible by these means, even an illumination especially for mounting , for example on assembly lines. In the above description, with respect to the lamp 12, lamps "extending longitudinally" are mentioned, that is linear lamps. The term also intends to cover suetancialmente lamp. puntifsrmee with corresponding reflectors that are arranged in a linear way. This results in the possibility of joining the distributions of light, not only in a plane, for example, in the horizontal plane, but in all spatial directions. The lights 5 described above can also be used for the comparison of color and surface inspection, especially for small samples, for example in the laboratory, and it is then unnecessary for the observer to be able to move between the object or sample and the lights. For example, the sample can be illuminated at a 45 ° angle and the observer sees the sample from a general observation direction of 0 °. Thus even with slight deviation in the direction of observation, the sample remains dark for the observer as a result of the light distribution curve, which has been described above, which has an abrupt cut, ie there is a clear distinction or dazzle direct. Here the lights can illuminate from above or from one side on the samples dispueetae horizontally, at an angle of 45 °, and the observer accordingly considers the sample from a direction perpendicular to the sample with the angle deviations allowed for inspection. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects or products to which it refers.

Claims (22)

1. CLAIMS 1. - Device for visually inspecting the surface condition of surfaces of large dimensions that have to be compared or matched, especially painted body or painted surfaces, characterized in that a plurality of luminous elements are provided in a fixed relation to the surface to be compared or equal and whose main direction of radiation respectively runs at an acute angle with respect to the surface to be compared or matched, the luminous elements are provided with screens that are effective in a direction between the main direction of radiation and the direction towards the surface to be compared, in such a way that no luminous part of the luminous elements is reflected on the surface to be compared when viewed from angles close to the direction of the normals.
2. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the display devices for the luminous elements are configured in such a way that they strike against the luminous elements from directions of the normals to the surface to be compared and in a Angle margin around these normals collides with light-absorbing screens either directly or after being reflected in deflection reflectors aociated with the luminous elements.
3. 3. - Diepoeitive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the numerous elements cover an area that is at least as large as the total surface to be compared.
4. 4. The electrode according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the light elements shine on the surfaces to be compared at an angle of approximately 45 °.
5. 5. - Device according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the surfaces to be compared and the light elements are arranged essentially vertically with a mutual distancing, and that the observation position (B) is located in the space between the surface to be compared and the luminous elements.
6. 6. - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that, in addition, substantially horizontal surfaces to be compared are provided and the surface above the surfaces to be compared, such as the roof and / or the surface below the surfaces which are to be compared, such as the euelo, are equipped with mirrors in which the luminous elements are reflected.
7. 7. - Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the luminous elements are configured as elongated lights having a light deflector reflector and have at least one lamp laid parallel to the reflector axis, the reflector joins the radiation in planes transverse to the axis of the lamp.
8. 8. - Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the screen is configured as a laminate arranged obliquely in front of the light elements.
9. 9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a disc-shaped light-absorbing baffle is arranged parallel to the main direction of radiation of the reflector in the direction of when a lamp is placed. of light, which reach the reflector at angles inclined with respect to the direction of main radiation, directly or deepuée of the reflection on the surface of the reflector, are captured by the screen.
10. 10. - Dispoeitive according to claim 1 characterized in that at least one additional part of the screen parallel to the first screen are arranged another, and preferably, several light-absorbing screens.
11. 11. - Bishop according to one of claims 1-30, characterized in that, transverse to the axis of the lamp in the internal space of the reflector or antee of the reflector, lamellae or transparent discs with prismatic structures are arranged.
12. 12. - Device according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that a screen is disposed transvereally to the main direction of radiation before or in front of the lamp.
13. 13. - Device according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the reflector of the lights consists of a first part of reflector, which sends beams of light from when a lamp in a main direction of radiation, a second part of light collecting reflector, arranged in the vicinity of the lamp and partially around it and an absorbing and / or scattering screen of the light located opposite to the first part of the reflector and basically aligned parallel to the main radiation direction, the first part of the reflector and the second part of the reflector are interconnected and the screen is arranged after the second part of the reflector between the latter and the exit surface of the light.
14. 14. - Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the second reflector part is arranged in the immediate vicinity around at least one lamp, in such a way that an essential part of the light of the lamp is reflected on it.
15. 15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the second reflector part is arranged directly on the lamp.
16. 16. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the second reflector part is arranged at a distance from at least one lamp, in such a way that an essential part of the lamp light is reflected in the space directly. adjacent,
17. 17. - Diepsitive according to one of the claims 1-16, characterized in that the luminous elements are realizable by punctual lamp arrangements.
18. 18.. Device according to one of the claims 1-17, characterized in that the luminous elements radiate at positive or negative angles de * 45 with respect to the vertical and / or horizontal surface to be compared or compared.
19. 19. - Dispoeitive according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the lights each have a symmetrically formed reflector made of two flat reflector parts arranged behind the lamp and running respectively at an angle towards the beam, and part of slightly curved reflector that meet with the other parts at its remote end of the lamp, a screen that is highly reflective on one side disposed in front of at least one lamp, transversely to the plane of symmetry of the reflector.
20. 20. - Die according to one of claims 1-19, characterized in that light elements different from the lateral light elements are found in the ceiling and / or floor.
21. 21. - Device according to one of claims 1-20, characterized in that the lights are connected with a light reduction device, with which a lighting profile of the illuminating arrangement is adjustable.
22. 22. Diepoeitivs according to claim 21, characterized in that, the light reducer is the constituent part of a regulation circuit with sensors for measuring the luminescence of the lamps, the lamps being reduced in their luminescence, in such a way that, Regardless of the reduction in the luminous efficiency of the lamps caused by the duration of its service, the luminous flux of the lamps remains constant.