MXPA98007562A - Electrolytic process to clean and cover surfaces electrically conduit - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrolytic process for cleaning the surface of a work piece of an electrically conductive material is presented, said process comprises: (i) equipping an electrolytic cell with a cathode comprising the surface of the workpiece and an inert anode; (ii) introduce an electrolyte in the area created between the anode and the cathode making it flow under pressure through one or more holes, channels or openings in the anode and putting it in contact with the cathode in this way, the surface of the cathode is not found in another form immersed in the electrolyte, and (iii) apply a voltage between the anode and the cathode and operate in a regime in which the electric current decreases or remains substantially constant with the voltage increase applying between the anode and the cathode, and in a regime in which discrete bubbles of gas and / or vapor are present on the surface of the workpiece during the treatment

Description

ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS FOR CLEANING AND COATING ELECTRICALLY DRIVING SURFACES TO TE cZD NOR DL-INVENTION The present invention refers to a process for cleaning and metering, simultaneously with a conductive electrically conductive surface, for example, a -multéljca surface. The ffle les, espec lalmenti.1 the steel in numerous ways, require h-ib 1 tuamente of liiez and / a protection fonrura carruüióp antea of pruning used se en < = Ü FINAL USE. In the state in which it is produced, the steel has the ability to lather the film of stains of l? N? Na? _jonej black (?) On its surface that is not uniformly adhesive and returns to the material suby cente susc ible to the LOPGOSI An galvanic. The lamination enclosures must be removable before they can be painted, coated, or metallized, for example with steel. The meta.1 may also have other forms of contamination (known in the literature). mdusti ia coma "m nchan") on its surface, including o ".dacion, oil or grease, lamination compounds, burrs and cutting fluids, as well as polishing compounds» All these elements should normally be removed » Even the floodplated steel must have an excess of oxides, on its surface, which must be removed before subsequent use. - Rational methods for cleaning surface surfaces include cleaning at a lower rate. acceptable due to cost problems and environmental problems caused by waste of spent acid), abrasive jets, friction drum, wet or dry friction, incrustation in encrustation bath, and so on. acid cleaning »An operation n multistage cleaning may include, for example, t i > Calcination or solvent removal of organic materials,! p! application of sand or pellet shots to remove lamination and eje ión, and ¡i p) electrolytic cleaning as final surface preparation »The cleaned surface must receive a prole > In order to prevent corrosion by means of metal, paint or plastic coating, this must be carried out normally quickly in order to avoid renewed surface oxidation. Multi-stage treatment is effective but costly, both in terms of energy consumption as in terms of processing time »Many of the conventional treatments also present environmental problems» Are the elccfcrul lt? co3 method incorporated to clean the plastic surfaces in the L? S3 - = de sa sa ien o as, for example, gal v-tni. "- ac ion and rev s t i fool of baxidas and steel sheets» The common reversals include inc, zinc alloy. tacho, copper, nickel and chrome »Cleaning lines elect i'ul í 1 ca -julues bl ^ are also used to power numerous downstream operations» Electrolytic cleaning (or "elect rol imp leza") involves * " > usually gives an alkaline cleaning solution that forms ol electrolyte while the work piece can be either bi-ín the anode of the electrolytic cell, or bioit polarity can be alternated.The processes generally operate at a low voltage (i, íp icaiiiepLe of 3 to 12 0 volts) and current densities of i 15 Amps dm2 »Therefore the energy consumptions are located approximately 0» 01 to 0 »5 ¡-Wh / m2» The removal of blemishes are effected by the generation of gas bubbles that disengage the pollutant * or of the surface »When the surface of the piece of tile is the cathode, the supofunction can not only be cleaned but also" activated ", what it provides to any subsequent revelation Improved adhesion »The impieza, elect rol i l a is not normally practicable for the emotion or scale of heavy lamination, and this is carried out in a. separate operation with or for example cleaning with acid and / or > _ Abrasive Oils »The conventional cleaning and reagent cleaning processes operate in a low-voltage mode where the electric current increases monotonically with the applied voltage (see Figure 1 below in A) . Under some condition, when a voltage is reached, a pn is reached;? e the CU? 1 instability occurs and the comment begins to decrease the increment of the volta e. { see figure 1, below np B) - The unsteady regime marks the beginning of the electric discharges in the super f i • - t > • »one of the other cliques» These downloads. { "micro H. reos" or "me rop a; mas" > occur at any suitable non-conductive layer present on the surface, such as a gas or vapor layer. This is due to the fact that the potential gradient in such regions is very high. PREVIOUS TECHNICAL DOCUMENT GB- - 1399710 teaches that a metallic surface can be electrically cleaned without overheating and without an energetic consumption of energy. The process operates in a regime ju = > the mestalile region "The" unstable region "is defined as a region in which the region decreases with the voltage inco n» Moving towards voltage-3 slightly more altus_, > When the current increases again with the increase in voltage and a continuous gas / vapor film is established on the treated surface, effective cleaning is obtained. However, the energy consumption of this p r c & aa is high. { 1 to 30 tWh / mü? compared with the energy consumption for acid cleaning »3.8! Wh m2). SU-A-15994 6 discloses an erosion-liming process with joists to voltage loops for welding rods using extremely high densities of the order of 10000 A dm2, in a solution of acids gives phosphorus; "A» Document SU-A-Í244216 describes a cleaning treatment with micraarcos pat machine parts operating between 100 and 35C < V using an anode treatment »No method for the management of electricity has been taught» Other trolitic cleaning methods are described in GB-A -1306337 where a spark erosion step is used and combined with a step > ie Chemical cleaning or elect chemistry separated to remove scalds from ??? do; in document US-A-5232563 where low-voltants of 1.5 to 2V are removed from semiconductor disks by the production of gas bubbles on the surface of the disks which contaminate them. > - > n the document EP -? - 0657564, where it is taught that the invention. The normal voltage or normal voltage is ineffective in removing grease, but electrolytically metals are ax_? Da Las_ as for example aluminum can be defatted successfully ba or high voltage conditions fmi? _roar or > by anodisation »The use of elect rollers to locate > . The electrodes in cleaning and ecological baths to create a turbulent or high flow in the cleaning area are taught, for example, in documents JP-8003797 and DE-4031234. The elec- Ioactly contaminated by the use of a single stream of electrolyte without total immersion of the object is taught in EP -? - 0037190 »The cleaned object is anodic and the voltage ol ^ ao - > e found between 30 and 5C < V »Of recommended short treatment times of the order of t sec-to avoid the erosion of the supe ficie and it is considered that the complete removal of the oxide is not feasible» ^ e as well as the non-immersion in the document CA- - J 165271 where the electrolyte is pumped or emptied through a cation-shaped anode with a set of holes in its base. The purpose of this rule is to allow a metal band to be coated with poly.3. metal for electrolysis on one side only and specifically for the use of an anode eonsu ih le »DE -? - 3715454 describes the cleaning of wires by means of an electric and polar treatment to pass The wire through the first wire will be cathodic and through a second channel in which the wire is an anodic wire. In the second chamber a layer of plasma is formed on the an? di surface of the wire by the ionization of a layer of gas that contains igneous. The wire is submerged in the electrolyte of the t ra t am e t EP-A-0406 17 discloses a continuous process for drawing a feeder wire from a copper rod where the rod is cleaned by plasma before the drawing operation. The "plasmatron" frame is the anode and the wire is also surrounded by an internal coaxial anode and the shape of a perforated U-shaped angane. In order to start the plasma production, the voltage is maintained at an unspecified ba or stop value, the electrolyte level above the submerged wire is decreased, and the flow rate is decreased >The object of stimulating the initiation of a discharge on the surface of the wire. As far as the reverse is concerned, processes of. microar > For the deposition of unusable silicate rovost and nest on metals. In these processes, the coating is carried out at the anode, and its anvil is true even when the polarity is inversely reversed. { References Patent Ño tea a icaria 3834999 ^ A.V »Ti osher a et al, Prolcctioi! of Metals,. { Protection of Metalas), Vol. 30, No. 2, 1944, pages 175-180). The Certificate of Russian Authors Ua. USSR 5_44D44 described a method for depositing a metallic coating on a metal surface by using a separate cathode and periodically contacting it with the surface or body and treating it. The deposited metal is supplied by erosion of the metal, but the method it is mechanically awkward, slow to inefficient. Otherwise, the coating is carried out invariably on a prelimated surface, by known methods such as tormoadhe ion in the case of plastic coating. and electrospray electolysis or deposit for metal reversals. While the cleaning eJ e > The voltage or voltage is used extensively to prepare metal surfaces for elec- trode or other reverse treatments, it can not handle deposits; Thicknesses such as lamination flakes without an unacceptably high energy expenditure. Such electrolytic cleaning processes must be normal in emulation, therefore, in combination with another cleaning process in an operation stage ion? 1 ip is »Even if you can use the elec- trolaric barrier in your line to prepare metallic surfaces for prototyping of electrolytic reversal or another type, there is no process described in the prior art by which I was able to achieve cleanliness and reverse in one stage. "metal i ation ''). We have now developed a process by which a piece of work can be cleaned and metallized in a single step» The metallic reverse obtained by this process merges into the underlying body motai for frec-T a progressive progression in terms of composition, instead of offering a clearly defined mlerfaz between each other and the reva rce obtained by means of electrodapósi o, which in turn offers uip 3aihes optimal between The following shows, in one aspect, the present invention offers an elliptical process for cleaning and depositing a metal simultaneously on the surface of a work surface. A matte or elect Lp c amento conductor »d?>. o process comprises: i) offer an electrolytic cell with a cathode that includes the suparf ia of the piece, work and an anode comprising the metal for the ect odep? si to on l a_supply of work? ii) the introduction of an electrolyte -in the area created between the anode and the cathode causing its flow or pressure through one or several orifices, carsalu or openings, at the anode and which comes in contact with this form with a cathode 5 and 1O iii) the celeio, ation of a voltage between the node and the cathode and the operation in a regime in which the electric current decreases or remains constant and constant with the increase in the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode, and in a regime in which discrete bubbles of gas and / or vapor are present on the surface of the workpiece during the treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 illustrates the first scheme in the operating regime where the electric current decreases, or does not increase with the increase of the applied voltage; Figure 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate operating parameters where the desired operating conditions are achieved. Figure 3 schematically illustrates the purpose of the present invention: Figure 4 is an osmotic device to carry out the cleaning process of the invention on one side of an object | Figure 5 schematically illustrates an apparatus for carrying out the process of prüiittí invention for the apl? > ación da c? ps -? of reversal of equal thickness in both two of an object.5 Figure e illustrates as such an apparatus p =? rj carrying out the purpose of the invention for the application of reversing layers of different thicknesses on both sides of an object; and Fig. 7 schematically illustrates an ipstall-i? n for coating the internal surface of a pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In carrying out the method of the present invention, the workpiece has a surface that forms an integral part of the invention. e-Stodo in a lime di olí ica. The anode is found > The amount of material that is given to apply or incorporates the material that is going to apply, that is, the metal that is going to be deposited on the cathode. The process operates in a regime in which the electric current Minor to good ffl less ncr increases significantly, with an increase of voltage and applied to the synod and the cathode »The process of the pre-invention invention can be carried out as a continuous process or it can be done. ~ ont inua by arranging pan. the re izacióp to a rotating movement gives the workpiece in relation to the anode or anodes »A ternively, - ~, e can treat article, park in accordance with the process of the invention» W l electrolyte is introduced in the area gives work z? nr < to the anode and olc all causing its flow under pressure through * at least one orifice, channel or opening in the anode, thereby coming into contact > or the cathode (the surface c? pt ra 3? »an i, or" The ale t rol i to e * contain op? gically, a compound the soluble ash gives the reverse metal. it is also the metal of_sno or).

These characteristics are described in more detail »Cathodic arrangement of the surface to be treated The work can be of any shape including sheet, plate, pipe, wire or rod» The surface of the treated workpiece according to the process of the present invention is the cathode surface »For safety reasons, the cathodic workpiece is normally connected to ground» This does not prevent the use of a polarity aliornaln j, for the transport of metal ions of the cathode. The anode on the work foot can only occur when the treated surface is cathodic. The positive voltage applied to the anode can have a puma-like shape. The cathodic processes involved in the treated surface are complex and can vary between ol or effects »the chemical reduction of? been, cavitation, destruction of the crystalline order by shock waves, to implantation of iCines» Composition of the anode El The anode is formed to one or several conductive materials affected by erosion during the processing of the present invention in such a way that the eroded material is deposited as a coating on the treated surface. If the anode is made of the same material as the cathode material, then the cleaning as the result is effective since any reversals of the same nature as the surface on the bad is deposited. It is also possible to use consumable anodes in normal electrostatic processes such as steel galvanization? in order to maintain the concentration of metal ion in the electrolyte. { see, for example, the ocean CA 1165271 >However, in the normal low-voltage operation, the reverse metal is deposited from the electrolyte, not directly from a sacrificial angle or in a single invention. Unlike the alec? "Normally," it is not normal, in the process of the present invention, that the electrolyte has a salt of a coating coating when low concentrations of such sland can improve the surface finish obtained, as it will be discussed later) »The anode can be a pure metal, or an alloy of two or more metals» If the anode is an alloy, the obtained revetment is also an alloy of the same constituent metals but the ev stim it will not have to gain the same composition as the anode alloy, because the fact that, among other things, the transport rates of the different cranial ions differ »The anode p ^ e be a microco this or a mac ecompue to two or more matals that will also result in an alloy reversal, provided that the composite structure of the anode is on an appropriate scale. Multiple layers measured to fita the arrangement according to which the anode The well series of anodes consist of two or more metals arranged in sequence along the direction of relative aspacity & l. Node and workpiece »An unlimited casx range of alloy structures can be achieved in the cladding by combining different metals in dif- ferent proportions in a compound anode without the limitations normally imposed by equilibrium phase diagrams.» Other possibilities they include parallax bands to good metala, of different reverses that are found along said direction of displacement. By means of the placement of anodes in any of the ladaa of the p cup, of work it is also possible to metallize the opposite sides of a band. or a metallic article with different backs and / or thicknesses, different upside down 11 see it ». This ability to control the composition and shape of the metallic coating is useful in several industrial applications, such as for example elastic applications. _ Physical form of the node The amphiode will have genera ln »nt > * a form such that its surface is at a substantial constant distance (the "working distance") of the cathode and the surface to be treated). This distance can be physical in approximately 1 mm. Therefore, if the treated surface is flat, the surface of the anode will also be ganerally flat, for the treated surface is curved, the anode can also be, preferably curved in order to maintain a tight distance n > - to the constant blanket. Guides or non-conductive separators can also be used to maintain the distance of work in cases in which they distance it? The lock can not be easily controlled by other me- diums. The anode can be of any convenient size, even when large effective anode areas can be obtained better by using a plurality of smaller anodes since this fa- I ita to the flow of electrolyte and waste away from the work area and improves heat dissipation »When the anodic m an of more than one anode, different nodes can be manufactured of different mates or alloys» An aspect of essential d > = The invention is that the element is brought into the work area by means of a flow or pressure through the anode equipped with at least one and preferably several orifices, ports or openings for this purpose. Such holes may be of the order of 1--2 mm of < diameter at a distance of 1 to 2 m between them, conveniently. At a compound anode, the size and frequency of the op ers will vary from one component of the compound to the next to provide another method for controlling the composition and coating. The effect of this method of electrolyte management is that the surface d]The work that was being treated was bombarded with currents, dewdrops or jets of e-rolls. Preferably, the surface of the one below and must be treated is not submerged in any other way in the e r t rol i l. and it will be understood, however, that the process of the present invention can be carried out with the immersion of the workpiece in the elast or itc ?, if desired »The electito, together with the waste generated by the action of It is removed from the piece of work and can be collected, filtered, cooled and reci mted, depending on the fish. Arrangements for the penetration flow in the budget of the client (see documents US 4405432? US 45 486; and CA H.? 5271), but they have not been previously employed in the micropl ma regimen, with the precise purpose of carrying metal wires from an anode giving erosion to the piece of metal. So use empl a ^ v any physical form of the anode that allows the electro! i to sa manage compliance > In this way, for example, the entire anode can be made of metal or two of the coating materials ("sac rifi ca tor i os") to metal or metala sacr f icator 10? > I can fn) understand a plate of > H V3 perforated fixed by me of a quick release system on a permanent anode / non-sacrificial block) that contains holes for the passage of the electrolyte? the metal or the sacrificial metals) may comprise a wire mesh on a non-icator anode structure, the metal or a metal sacrificial ion or a) may. n) comprise wires or rods to be implanted continuously through holes in an inert anode block, allowing the electrolyte to flow through the same op- tions or biap through openings in the fo- metal or metal sacr if 1 rg tor 10 fs) pundan) to understand a: perforated band of metal that passes slowly and continuously to a work piece in motion, and transverse its direction of displacement in, using .soportas and suitable routes- * to maintain the anode at a constant tripping distance from the work piece, so that a fresh sacrificial material is always "unpacked" and in such a way that a continuous process of production can be carried out without 1 ndorrupr in »Option to the mind, an electrically isolated screen that contains more thin holes than the anode itself to interpose to the anode and the work herd. This screen serves to refine the jet or the jets that arise from the anode in finer jets that come in contact with the workpiece later. Finally, the process allows the placement of separate shafts on two sides of a workpiece. By arranging in the "sense of the placement of separate anodes on each side of the same, the coatings can be made different materials according to the composition of the respective anodes, / or the two coatings can also have eores Different methods can be achieved, for example, by placing the anodes between different electrodes of the workpiece, or by using the anodes of different lengths in accordance with the instructions in the direction of deployment. work) or else changing in another way at the time of the reading on one side is parac on with the other. moan ap ol cu.31 the electric current decreases, or the hands do not increase significantly, with an increase in volt applied between the anode and the cathode »It is region B in figure t and was mentioned previously with the" unstable region "in document U \ - A- 13997 íO. This regime is a regime in which discrete bubbles of gas and vapor are present on the surface of the workpiece that is treated, see; It gives a continuous film or layer of gas. This distinguishes the régi in employee of the regimen mentioned in the document Ui ~ -? - 1399710 which clearly teaches that the film of a = must be continuous, and the successful establishment of the desired "bubble" regime after finding a. appropriate combination of numerous variables ", including volta e fo al al tugu > energy), the separation enters the electrodes, the flow rate of the electrolyte and the temperature of the electrolyte as well as gives external influences known in it. technique coßip pair example ultrasonic irradiation »_ _ Ba ngos de var ib 1es The ranges of the variables within Ias_ cua, 1 es sa can obtain useful results are the following» Vol ta je The range of voltage used is the range indicated by B in Figure 1 and within which the decay decreases or remains substantially constant with an increase in voltage. Numerical voltages depend on several variables, but they will be generically within the range of 10 V to 250 V, depending on the conditions. The start gives the unstable region, and by with the next-1 or lower Git aao of the voltage range that you can use (indicated See), you can .0 is represented by an equation of the following form »See ~ nf 1 fd) fl bda / al sigma H) 0.5 where n is n constant1 numerical 1 is the distance between electrodes d is the diameter of the gas / vapor bubbles in the surface of the pipe, the coefficient of heat transfer to electio to the fa is the temperature coefficient of heat transmission sigma H to the act opduct and the initial specific value of the elect The equation shows how the critical voltage for the start of the instability depends on some of the variables of the system. In the given case, a given threshold can be evaluated, but only if "n" and "d" are known, m? It does not allow a prediction of the critical voltage of my uncle »However, it shows how the critical voltage depends on the distance between the electrodes and gives the properties of the electrolyte solution» Separation between electrodes _ The separation between anode and cathode, or the working distance, is generally within the range of 3 to 30 mm, gives preference within the range of 5 to 20 m. Flow rate of the electrolyte Flow rates can vary of fairly wide range, between O.02 and 0.2 liters per minute per centimeter and idx'a of anode il min »cm2 > The flow channels through which the instrument penetrates into the working region between the anode and the work are preferably arranged to offer a uniform flow rate within this region. . It can promote an additional flow of electrolyte by jets or sprays placed in the vicinity of the anode and give the workpiece, as is known in the art, so that a certain part (not all) of the electrolyte will pass through. through the anode itself »Electrolyte temperature The electrolyte te pe has also an important effect on the achievement of the desired" bubble "regime. Temperatures within the range of 10 ° C to 85 ° > C can be used in a way? '? It will be understood that appropriate devices can be offered for the purpose of cooling the electrolyte and consequently maintaining it at the desired operating temperature. Fields of the invention The co -iposition of the trollite understand an electrically conductive aqueous solution that does not react chemically with any of the materials with which it is to be enriched. in contact, such as a solution of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate or another type of solution. The solute can be present, conveniently, even in an 8 * concentration? to 1", when this is provided only by way of example and it is not possible to determine the concentration of the electrolyte. The electrolyte may also contain an inorganic soluble compound of the anode metal. The improvement of the lining (in the crut-r direction it is easier to coat) as this second component is added to the electrolyte within a range of a concentration of 1% to saturation and preferably from Ü * Á to 0. Higher concentrations (up to saturation) can be used but do not result in any further improvement in coating performance.

Finally, if the anode consists of more than one electrode, it can be included in the electrolyte of each metal that makes up the anode. - - Appropriate combination of variables It is clearly understood that the required regime of "bubbles" can not be obtained with any arbitrary co-operation by the mentioned variables. The desired regime is obtained only when an appropriate combination of these variables is selected »A set} suitable for such values can be represented by the curves reproduced in figures 2a, 2b and 2c showing, only example title, some combinations of the variables for which the desired regime is established, using a solution of sodium carbonate to 1 OW »A chosen and fixed. The area of the anode, the working distance, the electrolyte flow velocity and the electrolyte temperature, increases to the voltage-1 while sa is measuring the current until the wat j (voltage; < -corritory) reach the children in Figures 2a, 2b and 2c the a,, parts in the morning, it will be noted that other variable co-operations not specified in figures 2a, 2b and 2c can be used to offering the regime of "bubbles" with satisfactory results. The process of the present invention can be used to treat the surface of a work piece of any desired shape or configuration. Particularly, the process can be used to treat a metal in the form of a lamella, for example, the coating of a sheet of ferrous metal to either the tin coating or metal sheet, or to treat the internal part or the metal part. the process to: - a set of a mite pipe, or to bring the surface of an object to the lab 1 o »The process of the present invention allows to achieve 1 piece and metallic coating in a single operation, Without a consumption, it means significantly more energy than to achieve the single li piara. Even when the only thing is to take a '> per f i > ~ i, for example, when you have to apply a plastic coating on the surface, it is pa- = > With no time or additional cost in terms of energy, apply a small amount of metallic coating on the surface "in order to stabilize the surface against further oxidation and (in some cases) to promote the grip." the known methods - of electrolytic cleaning and coating, is necasapa to submerge the surface of the workpiece to be treated in the electrolyte »Has also found that _aj i-» Le a significant and surprising decrease- gives energy consumption (compared to the case gives the submerged workpiece) when the process of the present invention is carried out without the anode and the treated surface being immersed in the electrolyte. The present invention allows the replacement of a multiple layer process for a physical stage cause where a simultaneous metallic cleaning and reversing is achieved. The method is environmentally friendly and afielante in terms of energy consumption. in comparison with the conventional processes. When the anode is made from the same material as the workpiece, the overall process can be carried out as an uncoated cleaning process, even if at least one amount of metal coming from the anode is actually transferred to the anode. surface that is being cleaned. Cleaned surfaces have a high degree of roughness which facilitates backhand adhesion. non-metallic on them. Obtained metal coatings have an excellent adhesion to the metal surface of the workpiece because the coating material penetrates the metal of the workpiece and fuses with it. The process of the present invention offers economic advantages in comparison with the processes of 1 i i ata / revast i canto to: istantes, while also promoting the adherence of the coatings on the surface of the piece of work ». An additional characteristic is that while the process can be carried out with the? E, I work submerged in the electrolyte, the immersion is not preferred and the operation without immersion, by means of application of jets or sprays of electrolyte through channels, holes or openings in the anode, in such a way that the electrolyte comes into contact with the surface to be treated, leads to a significant reduction in energy consumption as compared to operation with immersion, offering no additional commercial advantage »Operation without immersion also releases the process gives the limitations imposed by the need to contain the electro! The process of the present invention is described ad icona! blanket with reference to figures 3 7 of the difau os naïos »With reference to these drawings, it is illustrated schematically, in Figures 3 and 4, a to tap tap 3 to implement the process of the invention, the source 1 of direct current has its positive pole connected to anode 2, which has tired 3 provided there through which SG Bambaa an electrolyte coming from a feed tank 4 »The workpiece to be coated 7 is connected to the cathode in the device and to Imanta connected to ground. The electrolyte from the 1-magnet lauque can be pumped through a distributor 10 to the anode 2 >The purpose of ensuring a regular flow of the electrolyte through the anoles 3 at the anode is a screen to the isolated smoothing tool 9, which has fine openings that the channels 3 to the anode, is placed between the anode and the anode. It is important to note that the sprayed electrolyte coming from the channels of the node is broken into sprinkler nozzles. As shown in Fig. 3, the apparatus is equipped with an iltro 5 tank to separate the waste from the electrolyte, and a pump 6 to circulate; to electiolite filtered back to the electrolyte feed tank. As shown also in the .7 3, it is considered that the workpiece 7 can pass through a working chamber 8, constructed in such a way that the longitudinal movement of the work piece through the camera can be carried out. »Also a device for directing the flow of the electrolyte towards the» filter 5 »block. Figure 5 schematically illustrates a part of a device for coating both sides of a downstream piece 7 where two anodes 2 are placed. either side of work piece 7 and both spaced equidistantly from the workpiece. Figure 6 schematically illustrates a part of an apparatus for coating the two sides of a locking part 7 with revetments of different thickness. As illustrated, the two anodes 2 are spaced at different distances from the surfaces of the workpiece 7 »Alternatively, the two joints can have different lengths (not shown) or that» causes the treatment time of the workpiece to be spread out on both sides thus providing thicknesses of different cladding- »on the two surfaces» Figure 7 schematically illustrates a part of an apparatus for coating the internal surface of a pipe that forms the work ie 7, and in this arrangement, the anode 2 is patented inside gives the pipe with arrangements .8 for the supply of the anode electrolyte »When carrying out the process of the present invention, the conditions are chosen in such a way that discrete bubbles of gas and / or vapor are formed on the surface 11 of the workpiece 7» Electrical decarnations through the bubbles of gas or vapor formed .. on the surface they cause the removal of isupure_ra ~ s from the surface during processing and est *, products are removed by the electrolyte flow and filtered to the filter block 5 »The The pressure of the surface of the workpiece 7 is also accompanied by the revetment of the cleaned surface on the material of the anode 2. The present invention also includes, within its scope, a metal workpiece > The metal has been cleaned and coated with a metal other than the metal gives the workpiece in accordance with the invention, there being a gradual transition in terms of composition, the native part of the workpiece up to the metal reves 11miento »The present invention includes within its scope a cleaned and coated metallic work piece > _an metal that is equal to ia. workpiece in accordance with the process of the invention, where ± a ^ surface of the metallic coating as porous in nature with the object 1 £? It facilitates the mechanical grasping on said surface of any coating api suido subsacuen laman re. The present invention of a > ~ r i b i t i t i 1 with 1 >refaranc ia; "> s if uí eptas e emp 1 o-». The MPLO í A band of hot-rolled mite that has a 5 micrometer cover gives black lamination foams) its surface was treated in accordance with the The method of the present invention employing a steel anode The work was kept stationary and was not immersed in the electrolyte, the parameters used were the following » Elect rol i to i I dVt in p.'ño of aqueous solution of carbonate of Sa io Vo11 a e; 1 0 V Sepa r ac t ion a 1 c t rodos s 12 mm A o = t da ano: 105 cm2 treated area. 8 cm2 Speed of electrolyte flow »9 1 / min total Electrolyte temperature. ° After a time of 55 seconds of cleanliness and a specific energy consumption of 0.! Wh / m2, a clean gray metallic surface was obtained that uo pra < ~ -, on t ib-t hs already e'iido, visually or when sa aramip? using an electronic signaling system using an IO X-ray analysis of dispersion »The surface topography shows numerous deep holes at a microscopic level, which offers a gripping potential for any subsequent coating. MPLO 2 The procedure of Example 1 was stopped by using a steel strip with a layer of thickness of 15 millimeters of lamination flakes. The clean-up time was 30 seconds and the specific energy consumption was .8! Wh / m2. EXAMPLE 3 The examples were repeated and the tweezers of submerged work n to the electrolyte were repeated. of 5 mm. The specific consumptions of energy required to carry out the cleaning were the following »5 micron meters of the adam-lamination system» 3 »3ó >; i-Wh / m2 15 micrometers of lamination scales; 6.83 tWh / m2 It may be noted that the immersion of the work piece had an example of raising the energy consumption by an approximate factor of 8, thus increasing the cost by concept. 1 energy »EXAMPLE 4 Reference was made to example 1 by using a steel strip with no lamination but with a layer of o; general tada and taint on -su saprorf "ic ia» Sa obtained a 1 impiaza comploLa in 2 seconds or monkeys with a consumption aspar: if ico do energy da »6 í-Wh / m2» EXAMPLE 5 A band of »ace-» The laminated sheet previously cleaned as in Example 1 was coated with spine by the use of a lead anode even at the anode. Aside from this, all the parameters of the process were as in Example 1 and The work piece is not dipped submerged in the paper. After a time of treatment of seconds, a lead coating was formed from 6 to 7 times thicker in the work piece with a specific energy consumption. 0.4R lWh / m2 An analysis with lightning flashes the presence of lead inside the metal> steel sheet at a depth of 2-3 meters or more, or the lead coating itself and forming a alloy ordered with steel »Since the mite and the plastic are usually not my sxri bl e, said alloy structures can not be obtained normally. This result also indicates that there is a progressive variation in the metallic co-operation from the metal component. body up to the composition of the coating, offering an adhesion of P ast and fool superior to that which can be achieved by conventional methods or for example, by the enclosure or by deposit, not the ctritic, immersion, etc. JEM LO Did you go to the procedure in Example 5 using a mite band that had not been pre-empted but still carried a 5 m layer? > - flake rulers lamination on its surface »All the process parameters were the same as for example 5, including the time required for coating, thickness of the coating and the physical energy consumption» None could be detected trace of ?; < Residual Dahlia or Reverse Thinning »It is evident that cleaning and simultaneous lining can be carried out at a not insignificantly higher cost of energy at the same time. MPLO 7 Repeated to the procedure of example 5 but using an anode of copper with the lead anode. The work was not immersed in the electrolyte, it was a band of acaro elg ^ Sa 0.3 n "e stained thickness and do not go through a" ready-to-read "After a treatment time of 20 seconds, you formed a goat liner. = »That the thickness of 7 to 0 micrometers and the specific energy consumption was approximately 0.5 kWh / m2» EXAMPLE 8 The procedure of example 7 was repeated except that the electrolyte was an aqueous solution containing 3 10 % a weight of sodium carbonate and% of copper sulfate »The results of example 7 were reduced, but the copper coating was significantly less than the coating of example 7. Unlike the acrodaptos i to, When the electrolyte is consumed, the concentration of the copper salt is maintained due to the erosion of the anode and does not require maintenance of another form. EXAMPLE 9 The procedure of Example 7 was repeated using a brass anode of composition of 20% zinc in weight and 80% by weight in weight »The coating resulting in the steel strip had a composition of approximately 25% zinc and 75% by weight of copper» EXAMPLE 10 The procedure of Example 9 was repeated us.m u a compound anode built from pla > Alternate inc and copper < faced in relation to the working surface of the anode), zinc and copper plates had a similar thickness and elaborated canals <Approximately 5 mm in diameter) that exited on the surface gives anode work inside each plate for the passage of the electiroli. Sa provided more holes in the cobra plates than on the zinc plates, and the What are the relative orifices in the two dalermin components? the composition gives the brass alloy deposited * In the case gives a proportion of 3; 5 proportion between the holes in the zinc plane and the holes in pla > Copper alloys »), obtained a coating composition of 20% in inc step and 80% in copper weight» Gener, 1, better control of the stimulation process is obtained by means of compound anodes river us r alloy ion anodes.

Claims (3)

1. PE 1 V IMD I CAO I O ES í »An electrolytic process to smooth and coat simultane- ously with metal surfaces a work icon of an electrically conductive material, this process comprises» _? > the supply of an electronic cell within a cathode comprising the surface of the workpiece. or an anode comprising the metal for metal coating of the surface of the workpiece; li) the introduction of an electrolyte in the created area enters the anode and the cathode, causing it to flow through one or more orifices, channels or openings in the anode and into contact with the anode. cathode? and lii) the application of a voltage between the anode and the cathode and operating at a point where the current decreases or remains constant with the increase in the voltage applied between the anode and the cathode, and at a minimum in which discrete bubbles of damage and / or vapor are present on the surfaces of the work during the operation.
2. 2. A process in accordance with what is stated in claim 1, wherein the workpiece is made of a metal or alloy surface.
3. 3 A conformity process as claimed in claim 2. , where the anode is made of the ism badly what the 56 surface of the locking mechanism. 4 »A process of conformance with Ix r > ? iv ind i c-? c ion 2, where the anode is made of a different alloy metal from the metal or alloy from the surface of the working piezo »5» A process in accordance with any of the previous claims where- »to the anode a computer structure of a metal, non-conductive alloy material. 6 »One or bear 's conformity with which of the previous claims giving the anode is formed from wire or ex-metal or porous metal» 7 »A conformity program muu a 1 ski i was of s previous claims where the surface of the p? e_a of l? below it is not immersed in the electrolyte. 8 A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein to the anode is a plurality of holes, annals or openings. 9 »A process gives conformity with cailo-afnora of the rsi v indications 1 to 8, where sa an electrically isolated screen in the electrol. { The anode is then added to the anode for the purpose of refilling the electrolyte jets where the finer jets arise, which come into contact with the heater, according to any of the claims 1 to 6. O or 9, where the. surface of the work piece is immersed in the electrolyte »11» On procaso in accordance with any given claims 1, 2 0 3, where the electrolyte contains to the eneo a water insoluble labile compound of the metal qua dt? be da reves go on the -surface of the piece of »work» 12. A friction or conformance with any of the previous indications where »sa employs a plurality of anodes» 13 »A process according to claim 12, wherein at the hands a anode is placed on one side of a nara gives work to treat and the hands an anode is placed on the opposite side of the work to be treated, so they clean and cover iman neamen the opposite sides of said work A process in accordance with the indication 13, where the work piece is in the form of a metal band, metallic foil or metal plate. the rei indication 13, or bie n with claim 14, where the opposite sides of the workpiece are re-stitched with metal liners. different and / or different metal coatings of different weight »16» A case of conformity with any given the indications 1 to 11 where »the workpiece is a pipe» 17 »A process of conformity with any of claims 14 to 16, where the piece of work or sa made of stainless steel. 18. A process of conformity with any of the previous indications where the surface of the plant works} sa displaces the relation to the anode or b = on nodes during, the treatment »19» A clean and coated work ica il; ' On a metal other than the metal of the piece is broken by means of a process claimed in any of Claims 1, 2 or 4 to LO, where there is a progressive creep as a composition from the metal of the workpiece. »Work to the metal of the revetment» 20. A piece of work has to be cleaned and covered with a metal that is the same as the metal of the metal. work through a process of conformity with the re ject of the indication, where the metal revelation or rough or porous nature with the purpose of facilitating the > The mechanical branch there of any subsequent coatings. 59 REGUHEN DE LA LUVENClüü Sa presents an electical process to simultaneously clean and coat the surface of a work piece with an electrically conductive material, this process comprises. ti) supplying an electical cell with a cathode qua comprising the surface of the workpiece and an anode comprising the metal for metal cladding of the workpiece surface; iu) introducing an electrolyte into the ca between the anode and the cathode by means of the fact that low pressure flows through one or more orifices, channels or openings in the anode and gives such a way that between this contact with the cathode 5 and (m! voltage to the anode and the cathode and operate in a regime in which the electric current decreases or substantial constant blanket remains with the increase of the applied voltage between the anode and the cathode, and in a regime at which discrete bubbles of gas and / or steam are pressing on the surface1 of the work piece during the work »