MXPA98000842A - A cleansing composition based on an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound containing at least two aromati substitute - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to: A cleaning composition containing, in volume, 1% -99% of at least one compound (a) which includes a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain which is either unsaturated or at least unsaturated and therefore minus two aryl or alkylaryl radicals, wherein the aromatic ring of at least two aryl and / or alkylaryl radicals has 6 carbon atoms, 99% to 1% of at least one polar (aprotic) compound which is least partially soluble in water and in the compound (

Description

A CLEANSING COMPOSITION BASED ON A COMPOUND OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON THAT CONTAINS AT LEAST TWO AROMATIC SUBSTITUENTS The present invention relates to a composition that allows the objects to be cleaned which have been stained with oils or fats. The first degreasing compositions used were based on a chlorinated solvent such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1: 1) or compounds of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) type. This type of solvent has several advantages, such as being effective and cheap. In addition, these compounds are lightweight and therefore are easy to remove from the substrate that has just been treated. Another advantage is associated with the fact that they are not flammable which means that they can therefore be used to treat a substrate when it is hot. However, cleaning compositions based on these solvents can cause environmental damage, more particularly to the ozone layer, and by the end of 1995 the Montreal Protocol ended the normal use of l.l.l.T and CFC. For this reason, it is important to find products that replace the aforementioned solvents. The object of the present invention is to propose a composition that is effective in cleaning any type of substrate and that can be used when it is hot or cold.

Therefore, it consists of a cleaning composition which contains, in volume: 1% to 99% of at least one compound (a) having a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain which is saturated or which has at least an unsaturation and containing at least two aryl and / or alkylaryl radicals, the aromatic nucleus of at least two aryl and / or alkylaryl radicals containing 6 carbon atoms, -99% to 1% of at least one compound (b) polar aprotic which is at least partially soluble in water and in compound (a). The composition according to the invention has several advantages. In particular, it is not flammable which allows its use without danger for treatments at relatively high temperatures. Also, it has an excellent degreasing power and can be rinsed easily, that is simply by rinsing with water. This was not obvious since one of the compounds contained in the composition according to the invention is a heavy product, insoluble in water and therefore difficult to rinse. In addition, the composition according to the invention has an excellent liposolubilization strength that allows it to clean several parts. Also, the composition according to the invention is stable over time. However, other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly from the reading of the following description and the following examples. The composition according to the invention therefore contains at least a first compound, compound (a), which has an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least two radicals of the aryl and / or alkylaryl type.

More particularly, the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain of compound (a) contains from 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferably, the chain has from 4 to 10 carbon atoms.

It should be explained that these values are given taking into consideration the longest hydrocarbon chain of the molecule, excluding the substituents. As stated, the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain of compound (a) is substituted by at least two aryl and / or alkylaryl groups. According to a particularly favorable embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic nucleus of at least two aryl and / or alkylaryl radicals contains 6 carbon atoms. The alkyl part or parts of the aforementioned radical or alkylaryl radicals are preferably C1-C4. In such a case, the bond between the alkylaryl substituent and the hydrocarbon chain of the compound (a) can be carried out by means of one of the carbon atoms of the alkyl part which substitutes the aromatic nucleus, or directly by one of the the carbon atoms of the aromatic nucleus. According to a preferred variant of the invention, the bond is made by means of one of the carbon atoms of the aromatic nucleus. A particularly favorable embodiment of the invention consists in the use of a compound (a) which contains at least two substituents of the aryl type as defined hereinabove, ie at least two of the aromatic nuclei of which They have 6 carbon atoms. Preferably, the compound (a) contains two aryl radicals, each of which contains 6 carbon atoms. The aliphatic hydrocarbon chain of compound (a), in addition to substituents of the aforementioned kind, may contain other substituents such as alkyl radicals. According to a particular embodiment, the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the methyl group being preferred. The compound (a) which is contained in the cleaning composition of the invention also has a saturated hydrocarbon chain or a chain comprising at least one unsaturation. According to a first variant, the chain of compound (a) has at least one unsaturation. A particularly favorable compound for the implementation of this variant is 2, 4-diphenyl-2-methyl-pent-3-ene. According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the compound (a) has a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain. Preferably, 2,4-diphenyl-2-methylpentane is used as this type of compound. Very clearly, it would not be beyond the scope of the present invention to use a mixture of the above-mentioned types of compound (a). The second constituent of the composition according to the invention is formed by a polar aprotic compound (b) which at least is partially soluble in water and in compound (a). For a first category of the compound (b), it is possible to cite dialkyl esters of C ^ -C ,, of at least one C4-C6 aliphatic diacid. The mixture of diacid esters consists of esters which are essentially derived from glutaric and succinic acids, the alkyl groups from the ester part being selected in particular from the methyl and ethyl groups, but also being capable of being propyl, isopropyl, butyl , n-butyl and isobutyl. As stated hereinbefore, the diacids of C4 to C6 above are in fact by-products of the preparation of adipic acid which is one of the main monomers of the polyamides and the dialkyl esters are obtained by the esterification of the by-product which generally it contains from 15% to 30%, by weight, of succinic acid, from 50% to 75% of glutaric acid and from 5% to 25% of adipic acid. Diacid esters are products available in the market. These commercial products can be cited, more particularly, as Rhodlasolv RPDE® distributed by Rhóne-Poulenc and "Du Pont Dibasic Esters®" distributed by Du Pont de Nemours. Examples of the second category of compound (b) can be cited as alkylene glycol ethers. More particularly, the ether part has a carbon number between 1 and 6 and can be aromatic and preferably aliphatic. Examples of these compounds can be cited as ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether. The compounds of this category are distributed, in particular, by Dow under the name DOWANOL®. Here again, it is quite possible to propose the use of a mixture of the two aforementioned categories of compound (b), without departing from the scope of the present invention. However, it is preferable if the composition according to the invention has, as compound (b), at least one product of the first mentioned category. As stated hereinabove, the amount of compound (a), expressed in volume, varies between 1 and 99%, the complement up to 100% being formed by compound (b).

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the amount of compound (a) is between 5 and 70%, the complement up to 100% being formed by compound (b). A preferred embodiment of the invention consists in the use of a mixture of 10 to 50% of the compound (a). Still more preferably, the composition according to the invention contains from 10% to 40% of the compound (a), the complement up to 100% being formed by the compound (b). According to a particularly favorable embodiment, the content of the compound (a) is less than 50%, the complement being formed by the compound (b). The cleaning composition according to the present invention may also contain various additives.

These additives may include anionic or nonionic surfactants. Examples of anionic surfactants are water-soluble salts of alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl isethionates and alkyl taurates or their salts, alkylcarboxylates, alkylsulfosuccinates or alkylsuccinamates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkylated derivatives of protein hydrolysates, acylapartates, alkyl ester and / or alkyl ether phosphates and / or of alkylaryl ether; the cation being an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal (sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium), an ammonium residue which is substituted or not (methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, tetramethylammonium, dimethylpiperidinium ...) or a derivative of an alkanolamine (monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine ...). Examples of nonionic surfactants can be given as polyoxyalkylene derivatives of aliphatic or arylaliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, triglycerides, sorbitan esters, fatty amines, alkylpolysaccharides having a hydrophobic group of C6-C30, preferably C10-C16 and a group of polysaccharides , for example, polyglycoside, such as the hydrophilic group and also from 1 to 3 sugar units, alkylated derivatives of amino sugars, such as alkylglucamides produced by the reaction of formation of amides of a fatty acid in N-methylglucanic acid. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination. According to a particular embodiment, surfactants of the non-ionic type are used. Preferably, oxyalkylenated surfactants are used, ie, those containing oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated units. The number of oxyethylene units (OE) and / or oxypropylene units in these nonionic surfactants generally ranges from 2 to 100, depending on the desired HBL (hydrophilic / lipophilic balance). Preferably, the number of OE and / or OP units is between 2 and 50. The ethoxylated or ethoxyproxylated fatty alcohols generally have from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, the units of OE and OP being excluded from these numbers and are from preference ethoxylates. The ethoxylated or ethoxyproxylated triglycerides can be triglycerides of vegetable or animal origin. In this way, lard, tallow, peanut oil, milk fat, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, are suitable for the invention. grapeseed oil, fish oil, soybean oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, copra oil, coconut oil. These products are preferably ethoxylated.

In the present invention, the term "ethoxylated triglyceride" refers to both products obtained by the ethoxylation of a triglyceride with ethylene oxide, as well as those obtained by trans-esterification of a triglyceride with a polyethylene glycol. The ethoxylated or ethoxy-propoxylated fatty acids are esters of fatty acids (eg, oleic acid, stearic acid) and are preferably ethoxylated. The ethoxylated or ethoxy-propoxylated sorbitan esters are sorbitol esters cyclized with C 10 to C 20 fatty acids such as lauric acid, stearic acid or oleic acid and are preferably ethoxylated. Likewise, the term "ethoxylated fatty acid" includes both products obtained by the ethoxylation of a fatty acid with ethylene oxide, as well as those obtained by the esterification of a fatty acid with a polyethylene glycol. The ethoxylated or ethoxy-propoxylated fatty amines generally have from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, the units of OE and OP being excluded from these numbers and are preferably ethoxylated. The ethoxylated or ethoxy-propoxylated alkylphenols generally have from 1 to 2 straight or branched alkyl groups having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular octyl, nonyl or dodecyl.

Examples of nonionic surfactants from the group consisting of ethoxylated or ethoxylated ethoxylated alkylphenols, di (1-phenylethyl) phenols ethoxylated and tri (1-phenylethyl) ethoxylated or ethoxyproxylated are, in particular: di (1-phenylethyl) phenol ethoxylated with 5 units of OE; di (1-phenylethyl) phenol ethoxylated with 10 units of EO; tri (1-phenylethyl) phenol ethoxylated with 16 units of EO; tri (1-phenylethyl) phenol ethoxylated with 20 units of EO; tri (1-phenylethyl) phenol ethoxylated with 25 units of EO; tri (1-phenylethyl) phenol ethoxylated with 40 units of EO; ethoxypropoxylated tri (1-phenylethyl) phenols with 25 units of OE + OP; nonylphenol ethoxylated with 20 units of EO; nonylphenol ethoxylated with 4 units of EO; nonylphenol ethoxylated with 6 units of EO; nonylphenol ethoxylated with 9 units of EO; ethoxyproxylated nonylphenols with 25 units of OE + OP; ethoxyproxylated nonylphenols with 30 units of OE + OP; ethoxyproxylated nonylphenols with 40 units of OE + OP; ethoxyproxylated nonylphenols with 55 units of OE + OP; ethoxyproxylated nonylphenols with 80 units of OE + OP. Generally, the content of an additive of the surfactant type is between 0.1 and 10% by volume in relation to the total volume of the composition. Preferably, this content is between 0.5% and 5%, in volume, in relation to the same reference.

The composition according to the invention may also contain a thickener additive. Conventional thickeners may be used, such as cellulose derivatives (ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose), xanthan, guar or carob gums, alginates, polyacrylates, starches, modified starches and modified clays. The content of thickener additive generally varies between 0% and 10% by volume in relation to the total volume of the composition. Preferably, the amount of thickener additive is between 1% and 3%. The composition according to the invention can also contain abrasive particles. In particular, it is possible to use particles based on aluminum oxide, silica, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide or silicon carbonitride or a mixture thereof. The amount of abrasive particles varies in good part and is determined by the experienced person depending on the substrate that will be treated. Therefore, the compositions according to the invention allow any type of oil, grease or lubricant to be cleaned, whether of vegetable, mineral or animal origin. The type of substrate that will be cleaned may vary. In this way, the composition according to the invention allows metals and their alloys to be treated, such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, iron, but also plastic materials and inorganic glasses. The present invention is also suitable for cleaning printed circuits, without any risk of the substrate being destroyed. The cleaning process used by the composition according to the invention consists in contacting the substrate to be cleaned with the composition. This contact is made in accordance with conventional methods, such as spraying or immersion with or without agitation. The cleaning operation can be carried out cold or hot. In this way, temperatures in the order of 5 to 80 ° C and even higher are suitable for operation. It should be noted that the composition of the invention is very favorable since it is not flammable. Therefore, it is possible to work safely at relatively high temperatures. The contact time between the support and the composition varies greatly and depends on the type of fat that will be removed.

However, by way of example, the contact time is between a few seconds and 60 minutes. The composition of the present invention allows a complete degreasing of the substrate. Once the contact has been made, the substrate is rinsed with water.

Another advantage of the composition according to the invention and more particularly of the composition containing up to 40% by volume of the compound (a), is the fact that it is soluble in the fats that will be removed. In fact, the solubility of the oils in this composition when it is hot is much greater than the solubility when it is cold. Accordingly, the object to be cleaned is initially contacted with the composition according to the invention when it is hot which is favorable since the degreasing capacity of the composition is very high in this case. Then, once the composition is saturated with oil or contains a substantial amount of oil, the bath containing the composition and fats simply has to be cooled in order to cause separation of the phases. In this manner, the recycling of the composition is facilitated because a simple decanting operation is sufficient followed by a separation step for the purpose of recovering the composition according to the invention for reuse in a new cleaning operation. Now some concrete but non-limiting examples of the invention will be described. EXAMPLE 1 This example illustrates the degreasing at room temperature of a paraffin oil (Total 200 Neutral®) whose composition contains 2,4-diphenyl-2-methylpentane. The degreasing composition is as follows (% by volume): 50% 2,4-diphenyl, 2-methylpentane, 50% RPDE, 2% nonylphenol 10 OE (relative to the total volume of the compounds (a) and (b) The present composition allows up to 50% by weight of Total 200 Neutral® paraffin oil to be solubilized The substrate used is a steel plate (type R Q-panel) which has been previously cleaned. If the plate was covered with grease, the plate was immersed in oil for two minutes and then stored for 6 hours.The greased plate was then immersed in the cleaning composition described above for 15 seconds at room temperature.This is the time required to completely remove it. The paraffin oil in the plate The solvent film is then removed by rinsing with running water for 20 seconds on each side (flow rate: 2 1 / min, temperature: 17 ° C) The cleaning of the plate is evaluated using the "Water Brea Test" Test, ASTM F22-65, 19 92. The given mark was 4 (on a scale of 0 to 4) which means that there is no indication of organic compound residue (composition and oil).

Therefore, it is pointed out that the composition according to the invention has an extraordinary capacity for liposolubilization, has an excellent degreasing power and that the solvent film can be removed in a fast and efficient manner. EXAMPLE 2 This example illustrates the degreasing of a plate when it is hot which has paraffin oil (Total 200 Neutral®) whose composition contains 2,4-diphenyl-2-methylpentane. The degreasing composition is as follows (% by volume): 30% 2,4-diphenyl, 2-methylpentane, 70% RPDE, 2% nonylphenol 10 OE (relative to the total volume of the compounds (a) and (b) The mode of operation described in Example 1 is reproduced, apart from the fact that the immersion is carried out at 60 ° C. The immersion time necessary to obtain a complete degreasing of the plate is 15 minutes. The composition allows the solubilization at the aforesaid temperature of up to 50%, by weight, at 60 ° C and 5%, by weight, of oil at room temperature.This low solubility when cold facilitates the recycling of the composition afterwards. Therefore, it is indicated that the composition according to the invention has an excellent degreasing strength and that the solvent film can be removed in a fast and efficient manner, and its liposolubilization capacity is variable depending on the of temperature , so that it is possible to solubilize large quantities when it is hot and also to carry out the recycling with ease by separating the phases when it is cold.

Claims (13)

1. CLAIMS 1. A cleaning composition containing, in volume: 1% to 99% of at least one compound (a) having a hydrocarbon chain substituted by at least two aryl and / or alkylaryl radicals, the aromatic nucleus of at least two aryl and / or alkylaryl radicals containing 6 carbon atoms, 99% to 1% of at least one polar aprotic compound (b) which is at least partially soluble in water and in compound (a) .
2. 2. A composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the content of the compound (a) is between 5% and 70%, the complement up to 100% being formed by the compound (b), the content of the compound (a) preferably being between 10% and 50%.
3. 3. A composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the content of the compound (a) is between 10% and 40%, the complement up to 100% being formed by the compound (b).
4. 4. A composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the compound (a) has an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain containing from 3 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably from 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
5. 5. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound (a) contains at least two aryl-type radicals.
6. 6. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound (a) is 2,4-diphenyl-2-methylpentane.
7. 7. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound (a) is 2,4-diphenyl-2-methyl-pent-3-ene.
8. 8. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound (b) is selected from the dialkyl esters of Ci-C ,, of at least one C4-C6 aliphatic diacid.
9. 9. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compound (b) is selected from alkylene glycol ethers.
10. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains between 0.1% and 10% by weight of at least one nonionic or anionic surfactant.
11. 11. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains at least one nonionic surfactant which is preferably selected from ethoxylated or ethoxylated alkylphenols and ethoxylated or ethoxyproxylated fatty alcohols.
12. 12. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also contains from 0.5% to 10% by weight of a thickener.
13. 13. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also contains abrasive particles.