MXPA97002288A

MXPA97002288A - Fabric arrangement and method for controlling the flow of the flu

Info

Publication number: MXPA97002288A
Application number: MXPA/A/1997/002288A
Authority: MX
Original assignee: Nels Terry E
Priority date: 1994-09-30
Filing date: 1997-03-26
Publication date: 1997-06-01

Abstract

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a material (115) for an element of a power transmission-absorption assembly and the method for producing this material (115). The material (115) comprises a plurality of first yarns (45, 55, 60) woven with a plurality of second yarns (47a, 47b, 50) to form a preselected channel configuration (46, 48, 65, 70) to allow the flow of a cooling medium transversely or through the same

Description

"FABRIC DISPOSAL AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF THE FLUID" BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fabric arrangement and a method for controlling fluid flow and, more particularly, to a fabric arrangement and method for controlling fluid flow that can be used with friction elements. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNIQUE In clutches, brakes, automatic transmissions, limited slip differentials, cranes and similar friction power and energy absorption devices, it is usually provided with one or more sets of cooperative members, wherein one of the members of cooperation drives the other. It is not uncommon for these cooperating members to move in a liquid cooling medium, which is usually a certain type of lubricating oil and often the oil is forcibly circulated around and between the mating surfaces of the cooperating members in order to to lubricate and continuously cool them. In order to achieve circulation of the cooling medium within the blocking rings, clutch plates, transmission belts and the like, the prior art has provided grooves or notches directly in the mating surfaces one to both of the cooperating members with the friction material fixed to it. For example, this friction material may be a brass coating or a paper liner or is seen in U.S. Patent No. 4,267,912 issued to Bauer et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,878,282 issued to Bauer and U.S. Patent No. 4,260,047 issued to Neis The formation of grooves within the friction material (ie the cooperating members not only adds complexity to the manufacture of this friction material and the power transmission-absorbing device but is also limited in its ability to circulate the medium. In order to reduce or eliminate the hydrodynamic friction deriving from the cooling medium or oil remaining on the surface of the friction material coupling the impeller member, an improved friction material is required to circulate the cooling means especially one that can be varied according to the desired methods.

The prior art friction materials include: also certain pyrolytic carbon friction materials as seen in U.S. Patent Number 4,700,823 issued to Inckler and in U.S. Patent 5,291,794 issued to Bauer. In this friction material, a mesh fabric substrate formed of carbon fibers is provided with a coating of carbon or other material that is deposited on the fibers by chemical vapor deposition. This type of friction material has the characteristic of a relatively open mesh that allows easy penetration through an improved bonding adhesive as well as a certain degree of porosity therethrough. However, as noted in Patent Number '794, the grooving of This material is still provided in order to allow the flow of cooling fluid between the friction faces and the cooperating members of the power transmission or energy absorption assembly. This type of friction material can not easily provide fibers either highly bonded on a friction surface of the material, nor achieve a highly controlled texture as needed. Furthermore, it has been found that this friction material is difficult to compress to a desired thickness, such as during the process of ligating it to a member.

It will also be seen that this pyrolytic friction material uses as its substrate a simple weave of the type illustrated in Figure 6, where both the filling and weft yarns of the material are brought into contact with the cooperation element. This arrangement leads to increased wear of the friction material due to the effect on the yarns oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement for the cooperation element. Therefore, an additional desired feature not found in the prior art devices is a friction surface texture that reduces wear of the friction material.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a material having a plurality of first yarns and a plurality of second yarns woven with the plurality of first yarns to form a predetermined arrangement in order to control the flow of the fluid is disclosed. . A second aspect of the present invention is a friction power absorption assembly or power transmission of the type having means for changing the relative position between a friction material and an opposite surface material from a complete coupling position to a position of complete decoupling, the assembly including a first member, or second opposing member, a friction lining material affixed to one of the first and second members, the friction lining material is a woven fabric having a plurality of first yarns placed in relation essentially parallel one with respect to the other and a plurality of second threads woven in a serpentine manner with above and below the first threads to form a texture having a plurality of plates and valleys and wherein only the plates of the woven fabric they couple the other of the members, and a means to introduce a liquid cooling medium gone between the first and second members. In addition, a method for producing a friction coating material for use in a power absorption-transmission assembly is disclosed which involves the steps of weaving a plurality of yarns in a predetermined pattern in order to form a woven fabric having a texture with a plurality of plates and valleys therein, fixing the yarns of the woven fabric in position and providing an adhesive to the woven fabric. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a friction coating material for use with cooperating members of a power transmission-absorbing device that is capable of circulating the cooling medium therethrough without the need for styling. to machine additional grooves or notches. A further object of the present invention is to provide a friction coating material for use with cooperating members of a power transmission-absorbing device that can be oriented with respect to the direction of movement between the cooperating members in order to reduce the wear and loss of spinning them. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a friction coating material for use with cooperating members of a power transfer-absorber device that can be woven to include desired flow channels of desired size and orientation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Even when the specification comes to the conclusion with the claims that point out with particularity and distinctly claim the present invention, it is believed that it will be better understood from the following description taken together with the accompanying drawing in which: Figure 1 is a front view of a locked ring: having a friction coating material bonded thereto in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the blocking ring in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a detailed perspective view of the blocking ring illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 with its cooperation elements in a typical power transmission-absorption assembly; Figure 4A, which is shown on the same sheet as Figure 2, is an amplified diagrammatic side view of the friction lining material of Figures 1 to 3 before being bonded; Figure 4B, which is shown on the same sheet as Figure 2, is a partial amplified view of a single yarn in the friction lining material of Figure 4A; Figure 4C, which is shown on the same sheet as Figure 2, is a partial diagrammatic side view of the channels defined in the friction facing material of Figure 4A, where the plates and low spots are illustrated in their state after the bond; Figure 5 is a photograph of the friction liner material illustrated in Figure 4A: Figure 6 is a photograph of a prior art friction lining material having a simple weave; Figure 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of several exemplary fabric styles that can be employed in the friction lining material of the present invention; Figure 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of the friction lining material of the present invention that is circumferentially positioned as non-interlaced arched segments in a clutch plate; Figure 9 is a diagrammatic illustration of the friction lining material of the present invention that is circumferentially positioned as arcuate segments of entanglement in a clutch plate; Figure 10 is a diagrammatic illustration of the friction lining material of the present invention that is placed as a single cut complete ring on a clutch plate; Figure 11 is a diagrammatic illustration of the friction lining material of the present invention that is placed as a complete ring wound on the edge in a clutch plate; Figure 12A is a diagrammatic illustration of a strip of the friction lining material herein. nvention, wherein a plurality of notches have been formed therein; Figure 12B is a diagrammatic illustration of the strip of friction lining material shown in Figure 12A, placed on a clutch plate; Figure 13A is a diagrammatic illustration of a strip of the friction lining material of the present invention, wherein a plurality of lances have been formed therein; Figure 13B is a diagrammatic illustration of a strip of the friction lining material shown in Figure 13A, placed on a clutch plate; Figure 14 is a diagrammatic illustration of the friction lining materials having different fabric patterns, including some with several caOas of different fabric patterns, which are positioned circumferentially as arched segments of non-slip in the clutch plate; Figure 15 illustrates an amplified diagrammatic side view of an alternative embodiment for the friction coating material of the present invention; Figure 16 is a diagrammatic amplification side view of a third embodiment of the friction coating material of the present invention; and Figure 17 is an enlarged diagrammatic side view of a fourth embodiment of the friction liner material of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to the drawing in detail, in which the identical numbers indicate the same elements through the figures, Figure 1 illustrates a blocking ring 10 including a friction lining material 15 fixed to the internal annular wall 12 thereof together with the present invention. It will be understood that the blocking ring 10 is an element of a power transmission or absorption assembly, such as that used in clutches, brakes, automatic transmissions, limited slip differentials, cranes and other friction and absorption power transmission devices.; í > n of energy. An example of the environment in which the blocking ring 10 can be used is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,732,247 issued to Frost, which is incorporated herein by reference. Although the blocking ring 10 and the friction liner 15 discussed herein can be used with these friction power transmission and energy ablating devices, it will be understood that the friction lining material 15 of the present invention is not It limits to these specific devices. For example, the friction lining material 15 can be used in other friction devices such as clutch plates, seizures torque converters and transmission bands. In addition to proposes that the material of the present invention could be used in other devices where the control of the flow of the fluid is required such as: «couplings, filters, nozzles and the like. As can be seen in Figure 1, the blocking ring 10 includes three projections 14 raised equally spaced at 120 ° intervals around the blocking ring 10. The projections 14 can be fitted into the associated hub notches of another member 17 of the assembly (not shown). As best seen in Figure 3, the locking ring 10 also has a serrated or serrated surface 16 formed on the outer circumference thereof which is engageable with the member 17 of the power transmission-absorption assembly and is thus capable of of rotating the member 17 in accordance with a cooperative friction element 18, causing movement along the internal annular wall 12. As best seen in Figures 1 and 2, the friction coating material 15 of the present invention is affixed to the inner annular wall 12 of the blocking ring 10 by means of a layer of adhesive 20, such as phenolic nitrile adhesive. It will be understood that the cooperating friction element 18 (see Figure 3) is movable along a longitudinal axis 19 in order to engage and disengage the locking ring 10. Figure 4A illustrates a diagrammatic side view of the friction lining material 15 in its initial state, which includes a plurality of essentially linear weft yarns 25, placed essentially parallel to one another. A plurality of essentially parallel warp yarns 30 shown in a sinusoidal side view in Figure 4A are woven with the weft yarns 25 in a serpentine manner (i.e., above and below the adjacent weft yarns 25) for forming a series of high points 32 (known as "plates") and a series of low points 34 (known as "points of adhesion"). Placed between each warp yarn 30 there is a second set of warp yarns 31, which are also woven in serpentine fashion with the weft yarns 25 to form a series of plates 33 and a series of bonding points 35. However, in order to maintain the construction of the friction lining material 15, the warp threads 31 are out of phase with the warp yarns 30 so that the warp yarn plates 32 are points 35 of opposing adhesion of the warp threads 31, and the adhesion points 34 of the warp threads 30 are plates 33 opposite the warp threads 31. By weaving the warp threads 30 and 31 with the weft threads 25 in this manner, a plurality of upper channels 36 and 37 (known as "valleys") are formed between adjacent plates 32 and adjacent plates 33 respectively. Also, a plurality of lower channels 38 and 39 can be formed between the adjacent adhesion points 34 and the adhesion points 35. In addition, as best seen in Figure 5, the weft yarns 25 can be tensioned by a greater amount than the warp yarns 30 and 31, which also facilitates the formation of upper channels 36 and 37 in a woven pattern. Since the plates 32 and 33 of the warp yarns 30 and 31 extend above the weft yarns 25, it will be understood that only the surfaces 30a of the warp yarn an the plates 32 and the surfaces 31a of The warp yarn in the plates 33 (see Figure 4) of the friction lining material 15 will couple the friction member 18. Cooperation In order to reduce the wear of the friction lining material L5, it is preferred that the yarns 30 and 31 of warp are positioned so that they can be aligned essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 19 (see Figures 3 and 4A) which is also in the direction of relative movement of the blocking ring 10 in the element 18 Coolant friction to reduce wear in the friction lining material 15. It will be noted that a certain amount of the materials; of the prior art provide warp yarns and weft yarns having coupling surfaces at the same level (see Figure 6). Consequently, at least some of the yarns are oriented essentially perpendicular to the direction of movement between the cooperating friction members. This, in turn, causes the increased wear of the material and / or the cooperation friction member. It should also be noted that even when the warp yarns 30 and 31 are shown as being woven with the essentially linear weft yarns 25, the warp yarns can be essentially linear and two sets of weft yarns can be woven therewith. It will also be noted that a layer of the adhesive 20 is preferably provided so as to only engage the adhesive spots 34 and 35 of the warp yarns 30 and 31, respectively. In this manner, both upper channels 36 and 37 and lower channels 38 and 39 (see Figure 4A) are able to provide flow paths for the cooling medium, such as oil, in the power transmission-absorption assembly. . As illustrated by the side view representation in Figure 4C, it will be understood that the upper 3d and 37 channels, as well as the lower channels 38 and 39, preferably have tapered sides 41 and 42. There is an angle F between the side walls 41 and 42 and?. Q the dish :; and respective adhesion points of the warp yarns 30 and 31, with the angle F having an angle within the range of 20 ° to 70 °, and preferably of about 45 °. Having the channels 36-39 formed from this channel, the output through the channels is facilitated. of the cooling medium due to Bernoulli's theorem. It will further be seen from Figure 4C that the bonding of the friction lining material 15 in a friction element will have a flattening effect and the plates 32 0 and 33 of the wires 30 and 31 of warp, as well as in points 34 and 35 thereof. The weft threads 25 and the warp threads 30 and 31 are preferably carbonized both before and after weave, with the friction lining material 15 being preferably saturated with resin and cured to further fix the weft threads 25 and the warp threads 30 and 31 in the desired predetermined woven pattern. Even so, the friction lining material 15 will generally retain the interconnection between the upper channels 36 and the upper channels 37, while maintaining the desired strength characteristics, as long as the resin applied thereto is maintained within a scale of about 35 percent to 50 percent of the friction lining material 15. With respect to the construction of the weft yarns 25 and the warp yarns 30 and 31, it has been found that at least nine (9) twists per 2.54 centimeters provide the proper definition of the texture for the friction lining material 15. . In this way, the upper channels 36 and 37 and the lower channels 38 and 39 thereof become distinct, thereby increasing the capacity of the cooling medium to flow therethrough. It will be understood that in order for the weft yarns 25 and the warp yarns 30 and 31 to have nine twists per 2.54 centimeters, an angle T that exists between each fibril 26 and a longitudinal axis 28 (see Figure 4B), is of approximately 27 ° for a thread having a diameter of 4.57 millimeters. Because there is a direct relationship between the angle T and the twists by 2.54 centimeters of the thread, it will be understood that the angle T increases as the twists increase by 2.54 centimeters of the thread. Therefore, an angle T of 27 ° or greater for the fibrils 26 of each yarn will consequently result in the desired definition of the texture for the friction lining material 15 as well as a column strength that will desirably protect against collapse? compression. It will also be understood that during the manufacture of the yarn, the fibrils 26 of the warp yarns 30 and 31 will fracture at different points due to the elongation thereof, while they are in a charred state. Accordingly, these fibrils 26 may have a length of about 6.35 millimeters to 3.81 centimeters between the fracture points 27 (see Figure 4C). This construction allows the heat to be conducted through the length of a wire by means of the fibrils 26 to the fracture points 27, after which the heat can then be transmitted to the cooling medium contained within the channels 38 and 39 lower. Another preference of the embodiment described herein is to weave the warp threads 30 and 31 with weft threads 25 so that the plates 32 and 33 of the warp threads 30 and 31 have a maximum surface area across the material 15 of friction coating. One way to increase this surface area is to weave the warp yarns 30 and 31 over more of the adjacent weft yarns 25 than the number of adjacent weft yarns 25, which are woven below. For example, the warp yarns 30 and 31 may be woven over at least two adjacent weft yarns 25 and below at least one yarn less than the adjacent weft yarns 25 alternately to create a satin weave fabric.

(See, v, gr., the satin fabric of Figure 7 wherein the dark portions represent dishes 32 and the white portions represent valleys 36 and 37 between them.This type of fabric creates rectangular dishes of increased surface area for get in touch with a cooperative pressure element, which is particularly useful in a dry friction element such as brake and clutch liners, whereby an improvement in both wear resistance and thermal conductivity is achieved. It will be understood, however, that any number of fabrics can be used or provided with the friction lining material 15, including the exemplary fabrics shown in Figure 7 (e.g., simple, satin crow's feet, basket of 2 x 2, 5 HS, 8 HS, Log, 2/2 twill, 2/1 twill, not curled, + 45 ° simple, + 45 ° of 8 HS, and + 45 ° of satin of leg rooster). In fact, these fabrics can be selected, designed or used to control the size, number and orientation of the upper channels 36 and 37 and the lower channels 38 and 39, and consequently the flow paths through the L material 15 friction. Accordingly, the amount of speed of the oil or other cooling medium that is forced through the friction lining material 15 can be controlled. Although a preferred material for the friction coating material 15 is carbon, it will be understood that fiberglass, silicon carbide, copper, ceramic, Kevlar, asbestos, or any other material having the required strength, strength, may be used. of temperature, friction characteristics and processability for the application to which it is intended. It will also be seen from Figures 15 and 16 that the friction coating material of the present invention may have several layers of warp and weft yarns. This multi-layer arrangement not only improves the durability of the friction lining material 15 but may also include internal cooling ventilation ducts which further improves the flow of cooling oil or air therein. Specifically, as seen in Figure 15, the friction lining material 115 contains weft yarns in a double-layer, single layer, which is an alternative arrangement. A first set of warp threads 45 is woven over the double layer weft threads 47a and 47b and below the single layer weft threads 50 in a serpentine fashion so as to form a plurality of high points or stitches. plates 52 and points 54 low. A second set of warp yarns 55, which is placed between the first adjacent warp threads 45, is woven in a serpentine manner under the double layer weft threads 47a and 47b and above the weft threads 50 of a single weft. layer (that is, essentially at 90 ° C out of phase with the first warp yarns 45) to form high points or plates 56 and low points or adhesion points 58 that are opposite to the low points 54 and the plates 52 , respectively. A third set of warp yarns 60 is woven between the double layer weft yarns 47a and 47b and alternatively above and below the single layer weft yarns 50 and is preferably placed between each first and second yarns 45. and 55 adjacent warp, respectively. Accordingly, a plurality of upper cooling ventilation ducts 65 and lower cooling ventilation ducts 70 are formed within the friction lining material 115. In this way, not only the upper channels 46 between the adjacent plates 52 of the first warp threads 45, and the lower channels 48 between the adjacent adhesion points 58 of the second warp threads 55 present means for the flow of the discharge of oil through them, but the internal cooling ducts 65 and 70 can also be used for the flow of oil or cooling air. Another embodiment of the friction coating material (designated by No. 215) is illustrated in Figure 16, wherein the multi-layer material thereof can be provided or woven to include internal cooling ventilation conduits 75 of predetermined size and shape. As seen in the present, the multiple layers of essentially linear weft yarns 77 are placed in an essentially parallel configuration. It will be seen that the two sets of warp yarns 78 and 80 are provided for each layer of weft yarns 77 wherein the first warp yarns 78 and the second warp yarns 80 are woven in a serpentine fashion with the warp yarns 77. but in juxtaposition with respect to each other so that plates 82 and 84 and valleys 86 and 88 thereof are approximately 90 ° out of phase. In order to form a channel 75 or relatively large internal fluid flow or cooling vent, certain specified filaments or weft yarns (such as 77A and 77B shown in outline in Figure 16) are omitted from the various sites and layers for facilitating the proportioning of cooling channel or duct 75 having a predetermined configuration. Accordingly, the first warp threads 78A, 78B and the second warp threads 80A, 80B normally woven with these omitted weft yarns 77A and 77B can be woven with weft threads 75 of a different layer (e.g., the layers). L and L4 of upper and lower weft yarn as shown in Figure 16). Even when the warp threads 78A, 78B, 80A and 80B are shown as being woven with the upper and lower layers L] _ and L of the weft threads 77, thereby providing the largest height h dimension available for the duct of internal cooling ventilation 75, it will be understood that the weft wires 77 for any given layer may be omitted to provide inner cooling ventilation conduits 75 of greater or lesser height h as long as at least two layers of the weft filaments 75 remain for weaving purposes. In addition, any numbers of adjacent frame threads 77 may be omitted to provide the internal cooling ventilation duct 75 of greater or lesser width. To simplify the fabric, it is preferred that the ventilation ducts or internal cooling channels 75 be of the same size and shape and be repeated symmetrically; however, the internal cooling ventilation ducts 75 may be different and asymmetric according to the needs of a specific application. Still another alternative embodiment for the friction coating material of the present invention, which is identified by the number 315, is illustrated in Figure 17, wherein only a plurality of essentially parallel yarns (indicated as weft yarns 25 but can also be warp threads) will be provided along with a chambray cape 21 in ring 10 blocker. In this arrangement it is preferred that the scrim 21 is saturated with the adhesive or the resin (even though separate adhesive layers 20 a and 20 b can be used), whereby the wires 25 can be fixed thereto and the shank 21 can be fixed to the inner annular wall 12 of ring 10 blocker. It will be understood that a plurality of substantially linear channels 23 will be formed between adjacent weft threads 25 that can be used to drive the lubrication / cooling fluid through the friction lining material 315. Depending on a particular application, it will be understood that the channels 23 can be oriented in a friction element so as to be at an angle between 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the surface of the friction element. Even though the friction lining material 15 is illustrated as being placed on the internal annular wall 12 of the locking rod 10, it could just as easily be placed on the external annular wall 22 of the cooperating friction element 18 (see Figure 3) . Furthermore, as seen in Figures 8-11, 12B, 13B and 14, the friction lining material 15 can be used with other types of friction members such as the clutch plate 90, where it is placed circumferentially around the a front or rear surface 92. There are several ways to place the friction lining material 15 on the surface 92 of the clutch plate, such as the arcuate non-interlacing segments 94 (see Figure 8). This arrangement forms the channels 95 between each arcuate segment 94 that can allow a greater flow of the cooling oil than the channels 36 and 37 depending on the width of the channels 95. Alternatively, the friction coating material 15 can include arcuate segments 96 of entanglement to form a complete ring around the surface 92 of the clutch plate, as seen in Figure 9 and disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,260,047 issued to Neis, which is incorporated herein by reference. As seen therein, yielding segment 96 of entanglement includes a male extension 98 and a first end and a female receptacle 99 at a second end that can be matched together. The advantages of using the arcuate segments 94 or 96 for a ring-shaped object similar to the surface 92 of the clutch plate are that it saves material during the process and allows the yarn to cooperate with the matched surface to remain approximately parallel to the direction of coupling and uncoupling between the friction elements. However, the friction lining material 15 can be a simple coil, or as a complete añilo 100 (see Figure 10) Alternatively, a strip of the friction lining material 15 can be formed into a flattened ring 102 so that it can be wound on the edge around the surface 92 of the clutch plate as seen in Figure 11. This strip of friction lining material 15 preferably includes a single male extension 104 at one end and a single receptacle 105 female at the other end so that each end of the ring 102 can be properly matched.As seen in Figures 12A and 13A, the strips 106 and 107 of the friction lining material 15 can have notches 108 or lances 109 formed in them., the strips 106 and 107 can be placed on the surface 92 of the attachment plate as seen in Figures 12B and 13B, whereby the notches 108 are placed together or the lances 109 are separated. In any case, the strips 106 and 107 form a multiple-sided configuration that is dimensioned to fit the surface 92 of the clutch plate. As shown in Figure 14, it will be understood that the friction coating material of different fabrics can be used. There, the multi-fabric friction lining material 110, 111 and 112 is fixed to the surface 92 of the clutch plate 90 in the form of arcuate segments of non-interlacing. It will be seen that the friction lining material 110 has the greatest number of flow paths as defined by the upper channels 3 (5 and 37 (indicated by the white areas 116), thus allowing the largest amount of cooling flow. The friction lining material 111 has some flow paths but smaller than the friction lining material 110. Finally, the friction lining material 112 does not have rescue or leakage trilleries, therefore, depending on the amount As a result of the desired flow rate of the cooling or leakage medium for a specific area, the friction coating material can be tailored to the measure.This can be taken as an additional step wherein the friction lining material 110, 111 and 112 of different fabrics, It can be radially aligned in several layers as shown in Figure 14. In this way, full control of the flow characteristics for u A given application can only be controlled by the fabric and the arrangement of the friction coating material. With respect to producing the friction coating material 15, it will be understood that the weft yarns 25 and the warp yarns 30 and 31 are preferably initially carbonized in a high temperature furnace. Then, the weft thread 25 and the warp yarns 30 and 31 are woven in a pattern designated for the specific application so that the channels 36, 37, 38 and 39 and possibly the cooling vents 65, 70 or 75 , are formed to provide the required flow paths. In order to fix or hold the woven pattern of the weft threads 25 and the warp threads 30 and 31, the friction lining material 15 is preferably carbonized again in a high temperature furnace. To further improve the clamping process, the friction coating material 15 is preferably saturated with a resin, such as a phenolic resin, and cured to an appropriate amount initially in an oven and subsequently to an appropriate amount during the process of link that will be described below: .on. Once the aforementioned steps have been carried out, the adhesive 20 is then applied to a surface of the saturated fabric such as by rolling. The friction lining material 15 is ready for cutting, where either the arched segments, the complete rings or the strips are cut from the rolls of material. Lastly, the friction lining material 15 is bonded to a desired friction element, such as the locking ring 10 or the clutch plate 90. It has been found that a punch die arrangement works well to press the friction liner material 15 into place in the blocked ring 10. For example, the punch can provide pressure within the range of 3.52 to 56.24 kilograms per square centimeter for about 40 to 100 seconds. In order to prevent the adhesive 20 and the phenolic resin from embedding in the friction lining material 15 during this process, since the adhesive 20 will tend to be attracted towards the element having a higher temperature, a differential of temperature between the punch and the matrix, e.g., preferably having a temperature of about 287 ° C and the punch having an initial temperature of about 121 ° C increasing to about 204 ° C during the bonding cycle as the heat moves. from the matrix through the adhesive layer of the ring, and the friction coating material towards the punch). Having shown and described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein a friction coating material of the invention, the method for producing the friction coating material and the friction element including the friction coating material therein, have been made known, it will be understood that additional adaptations thereof may be achieved by appropriate modifications by a person skilled in the art without deviating from the scope of the invention. In particular, even though the embodiments of the friction coating material of the invention have been described herein including preferably warp yarn fabric with a plurality of essentially linear weft yarns, the opposite of this is Dropone (i.e. wherein the weft yarns can be woven with a plurality of essentially linear warp yarns). In addition, the specific fabrics and materials disclosed herein are also preferred embodiments since the threads may also be braided but should not be considered as limiting the intent of the present invention. It should also be appreciated that the invention could be applied to a dry moist environment wherein control of fluid flow is required, and the channels defined by the predetermined wire arrangement can be used to channel heating or cooling fluids including gases and liquids.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A friction coating material for use in power absorption-transmission assemblies of the type adapted to be operated with a lubricating medium having at least one set of cooperating friction members, a means for moving the friction members within and outside of operation coupling and a means for selectively introducing a liquid lubricating medium between the cooperating friction members, the friction coating material is fixed to at least one of the cooperating friction members, comprising: (a) ) a plurality of first yarns placed in substantially parallel relation to one another, and (b) a plurality of second yarns woven above and below the first yarns to form a texture having a plurality of plates and dots, wherein only the plates of the second threads engage the other of the cooperating friction members.

2. The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the second wires are oriented essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the cooperating friction members.

3. The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the first yarns are tensioned to a greater degree than the second yarns.

4. The friction coating material according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of upper channels defined between the adjacent plates and a plurality of lower channels defined between the adjacent low points.

5. The friction lining material according to claim 4, wherein the low points are interconnected.

The friction coating material according to claim 4, wherein the upper and lower channels are configured in such a way as to control the amount and speed of flow of the cooling medium through the material during the coupling of the members. of cooperation.

The friction coating material according to claim 4, wherein the upper channels have tapered side walls.

The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the first and second threads have at least 9 twists per 2.54 centimeters.

The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the second yarns are woven above a plurality of first adjacent yarns and below at least one lower yarn of the first yarns alternatively, in where a surface area of the dishes is maximized.

10. The friction coating material according to claim 1, wherein the first yarns are essentially linear.

The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the angle between a longitudinal axis for each of the first and second threads and each twist of the threads relative to it is 27 ° or more.

12. The friction coating material according to claim 1, wherein the material is saturated with resin to fix the first and second huios in position.

The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the first and second threads are carbonized by heat treatment before being weathered.

14. The friction coating material according to claim 1, the first and second threads comprising a material selected from the group consisting of glass fiber, silicon carbide, copper, ceramic, Kevlar, carbon and asbestos.

15. The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the first and second rovings are woven in a pattern that is selected from the group consisting of simple weave, rooster leg satin, basket of 2 x 2, 5 HS, 8 HS, Log, twill 2/2, twill of .1 / 1, not curled, + 45 ° simple, + 45 ° 8 HS and + 45 ° of satin of leg of rooster.

16. The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the first are weft threads and the second threads are warp threads.

The friction coating material according to claim 16, wherein the warp yarns include a first set and a second set, the first and second sets of warp yarns are woven with the weft yarns essentially at 90 °. out of phase.

18. The friction lining material according to claim 1, wherein the first yarns are warp yarns and the second yarns are weft yarns.

19. The friction coating material according to claim 18, wherein the weft yarns include a first set and a second set the first and second sets of weft yarns are woven with the warp yarns essentially at 90 ° out of phase .

20. The friction coating material according to claim 1, wherein the material has a plurality of layers of first and second strands.

The friction coating material according to claim 20, further comprising: (a) a plurality of first multilayer yarns and first single layer yarns in an alternative arrangement; (b) a first set of second woven yarns above the first multiple layer yarns and below the first single layer yarns to form a texture having a plurality of bowls and low points and (c) a second set of second yarns placed between the adjacent yarns of the first set of the second yarns, the second set of the second yarns are woven below the first yarns of multiple layers and above the first yarns of a single layer to form a yarn. texture that has a plurality of plates and low points; wherein a plurality of internal cooling ventilation ducts is formed between the plates of the first set of second threads and the low points of the adjacent threads of the second set of second threads, and between the plates of the second set of the second threads and the threads. low points of the adjacent threads of the first set of second threads.

22. The friction coating material according to claim 21, further comprising a third set of second yarns that are woven between the first multilayer yarns and above and below the first yarns of a single layer of a yarn. alternative way.

23. The friction lining material according to claim 22, wherein the upper and lower cooling ventilation ducts are formed in the material as defined by the third set of second wires.

24. The friction lining material according to claim 20, further comprising: (a) a plurality of first multilayer yarns; (b) a first set of second yarns woven above and below the first adjacent yarns for each layer of material; (c) a second set of second yarns placed between the adjacent yarns of the first set of the second yarns, the second set of the segmented sets of yarns is woven below and above the first adjacent yarns for layer of the yarn essentially at 90 ° out of phase, with the first set of the second threads; wherein the first threads of certain layers are omitted to form a cooling ventilation duct of desired size and shape.

25. A friction power absorption assembly or power transmission of the type having means for changing the relative position between the friction material and an opposite surface material from a complete coupling position to a complete decoupling position, the assembly comprises: (a) a first member: (b) a second opposing member; (c) a friction lining material affixed to one of the first and second members, the friction lining material comprises: (1) a plurality of weft yarns placed in substantially parallel relation to one another; and (2) a plurality of warp yarns woven above and below the weft yarns to form a texture having a plurality of plates and loops; wherein only the plates of the warp threads engage the other of the members; And (d) a means for introducing a cooling medium between the first and second members.

26. The assembly according to claim 25, wherein the warp yarns are oriented essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the first and second members.

27. The assembly according to claim 25, which further comprises a plurality of upper channels defined between the adjacent plates and a plurality of lower channels defined between the adjacent low points.

28. The assembly according to claim 27, wherein the upper channels have tapered side walls.

29. The assembly according to claim 25 wherein the warp and weft yarns have at least 9 twists per 2.54 centimeters.

30. The assembly according to claim 25, wherein the material is saturated with resin to fix the warp and weft yarns in position.

31. The assembly according to claim 25, the warp weft yarns consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of glass fiber, silicon carbide, copper, rayon, ceramic, Kevlar, carbon and asbestos,

32. The assembly according to claim 25, wherein the warp and weft yarns are woven in a pattern that is selected from the group consisting of simple weave, crowfoot satin, basket of 2 x 2, 5 HS, 8 HS , Log, 2/2 twill, 2/1 twill, not curled, + 45 ° simple, + 45 ° from 8 HS, + 45 ° satin from leg of rooster.

33. The assembly according to claim 25, wherein the warp and weft yarns are woven in such a way as to control the amount and speed of flow of the cooling medium through the material during the coupling of the first and second members.

34. The assembly according to claim 25, wherein the material has a plurality of layers of warp and weft yarns.

35. The assembly according to claim 25, the member having the friction lining material affixed thereto and being essentially ring-shaped.

36. The assembly according to claim 35, wherein the friction coating material is applied to an internal annular wall of the member.

37. The assembly according to claim 35, wherein the friction coating material is fixed to an external annular wall of the member.

38. The assembly according to claim 35, wherein the friction coating material is fixed to a side wall of the member.

39. The assembly according to claim 35, wherein the member is a blocking ring.

40. The assembly according to claim 35, wherein the member is a clutch plate.

41. The assembly according to claim 35, wherein the member is a clutch pressure plate of the torque converter.

42. The assembly according to claim 35, wherein the member is a transmission band.

43. A method for producing a friction coating material for use in a power absorption-transmission assembly, the method comprises the following steps: (a) weaving a plurality of yarns in a predetermined pattern in order to form a material that it has a texture with a plurality of plates and low points therein; (b) fixing the knitted yarns in position; and (c) laminating an adhesive in said material.

44. The method according to claim 43, further comprising the step of carbonizing the yarns by heat treatment before the passage of fabric.

45. The method according to claim 43, wherein the fixing step is carried out by carbonizing the material by heat treatment.

46. The method according to claim 43, wherein the fixing step is carried out by saturating the resin material.

47. The method according to claim 43, wherein the predetermined fabric pattern is selected from the group consisting of simple weave, crowfoot satin, basket of 2 x 2, 5 HS, 8 HS, Log, twill 2/2, 2/1 twill, not curled, + 45 ° siirple, + 45 ° C 8HS, + 45 ° satin crow's feet.

48. The method according to claim 43, further comprising the step of cutting the material 1 into predetermined shapes and sizes.

49. The method according to claim 48, wherein the material is cut into arcuate segments.

50. The method according to claim 49, the arcuate segments include male and female accessories formed at opposite ends thereof, wherein the plurality of arcuate segments can be connected to form a ring.

51. The method according to claim 48, wherein the material is cut into rings.

52. The method according to claim 43, further comprising the step of ligating the material to a friction element of the assembly.

53. The method according to claim 52, wherein the bonding step is carried out in a punch-matrix arrangement, wherein the friction element is retained in a die and the press friction coating material towards the element. of friction by means of a punch.

54. The method according to claim 53, wherein a tempera- ture difference is provided between the die and the punch.

55. The method according to claim 48, wherein the material is cut into strips and then formed into a ring.

56. The method according to claim 55, wherein the strips have a plurality of separate notches therein.

57. The method according to claim 55, wherein the strips have a plurality of separate lances therein.

58. A method for controlling the flow of the cooling medium between cooperating friction elements of a power absorption-transmission assembly comprising the steps of: (a) determining a pattern of desired flow paths for the flow of the cooling medium; (b) providing a friction coating material in one of the friction elements having a texture with channels formed therein that conform to the desired flow path pattern.

59. The method according to claim 58 further comprising the step of controlling the orientation of the friction lining material with respect to the direction of movement between the cooperating friction elements.

60. The method according to claim 58, the friction coating material includes a plurality of weft yarns placed essentially in parallel relation with respect to each other and a plurality of warp yarns woven above and below the weft. the weft threads to form the texture.

61. The method according to claim 60 further comprising the step of tensioning the weft yarns to a greater degree than the warp yarns.

62. The method according to claim 58, the friction coating material having a plurality of layers.

63. The method according to claim 62, further comprising the step of providing a plurality of internal cooling ventilation ducts in the friction coating material.

64. The method according to claim 58, the friction coating material including a plurality of warp yarns placed in substantially parallel relationship with each other and a plurality of weft yarns woven above and below the yarns. of warp to form the texture.

65. The method according to claim 64, further comprising the step of tensioning the warp yarns to a greater degree than the weft yarns.

66. The method according to claim 58, the friction coating material includes a plurality of strands placed essentially in parallel relation with respect to each other, fixed to a cambray layer.

67. The method according to claim 66, wherein the yarns are weft yarns.

68. The method according to claim 66, wherein the yarns are warp yarns.

69. A material, comprising: (a) a plurality of first yarns; and (b) a plurality of second yarns woven with the plurality of first yarns to form a predetermined channel arrangement in order to control the flow of the fluid.

70. The material according to claim 69, wherein the first yarns are tensioned to a greater degree than the second yarns.

71. The material according to claim 69, wherein the second yarns are woven through a plurality of first adjacent yarns and below at least one less of the first yarns in an alternative manner, where the yarn is maximized. a surface area of the dishes.

72. The material according to claim 69, the first and second yarns consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of glass fiber, silicon carbide, copper, ceramic, Kevlar, carbon and asbestos.

73. The material according to claim 69, wherein the first and second threads are woven in a pattern that is selected from the group consisting of simple weave, crowfoot satin, basket of 2 x 2, 5 HS, 8 H-3, Log, 2/2 twill, 2/1 twill, not curled, + 45 ° single, + 45 ° of 8 HS, and + 45 ° satin crow's foot.

74. The material according to claim 69, the texture having a plurality of layers.

75. The material according to claim 74, further comprising a plurality therein of internal cooling ventilation ducts.

76. The material according to claim 69, wherein the first threads are weft threads and the second threads are warp threads.

77. The material according to claim 76, wherein the warp yarns include a first set and a second set, the first and second sets of warp yarns are woven with the weft yarns essentially at 90 ° out of phase.

78. The material according to claim 69, wherein the first yarns are warp yarns and the second yarns are weft yarns.

79. The material according to claim 78, wherein the weft yarns include a first set and a second set, the first and second sets of weft threads are woven with the warp yarns essentially at 90 ° out of phase.

80. A material having a texture with channels of a specified pattern that is formed therein, comprising: (a) a plurality of wires placed adjacent to each other; and (b) a cambric layer to which the threads are attached.

81. The material according to claim 80, wherein the yarns are essentially linear.

82. The material according to claim 80, wherein the chambray layer is saturated with an adhesive whereby the threads are fixed to the chambray and the chambray is capable of being fixed to the friction surface.

83. The material according to claim 80, further comprising a layer of adhesive laminated on one side of the chambray.

84. The material according to claim 80, wherein the yarns are weft yarns.

85. The material according to claim 80, wherein the yarns are warp yarns.

86. A method for controlling the flow of fluid between a first and a second area in an assembly having at least a portion thereof located between the first and second areas comprising the steps of: (a) placing a plurality of wires in a pattern that defines at least one channel; and (b) assemble the threads in that portion.