MXPA06009152A

MXPA06009152A - System for the quick construction of buildings using prefabricated column and beam metallic modules as well as walls and slabs using corrugated sheets.

Info

Publication number: MXPA06009152A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Federico Martinez Cepeda
Original assignee: Federico Martinez Cepeda
Priority date: 2006-08-11
Filing date: 2006-08-11
Publication date: 2008-02-11

Abstract

The present invention refers to a process for the construction of housing or industrial buildings, and more particularly to the construction of housings built in series in a period of maximum 17 days using prefabricated walls, columns and beams, where the columns and beams are formed by a stiffened profile set and the walls for forming partition walls and slabs by hydraulic concrete modules of the light type including corrugated sheets, the present invention is characterised in that it is assembled in-situ, thereby representing a process applied to the construction field. The system for the quick construction of buildings is characterised in that it comprises a first step where the metallic columns and beams and the modules including the steel corrugated sheet coated with lightened hydraulic concrete are simultaneously prefabricated for forming the walls and slab. In the aforementioned step the building foundation is obtained; in a second stage the metallic columns are attached to the foundation by connection plates at the end portions thereof; a third stage consists in raising the walls integrated by the sheet concrete modules, the modules being previously fastened therebetween and subsequently fastened with the metallic columns using self-threading screws; and in a fourth and last stage grooves formed upon attachment of the steel sheets of the modules to the whole structure are sealed using the same lightened hydraulic concrete previously used in the aforementioned modules. The present invention allows the building construction time to be reduced without decreasing the resistance of the lightened hydraulic concrete, the lightened wall structure being lighter, thereby reducing the seismic loads. The decrease in weight of the present system does not necessarily refer to a resistance restriction, since it is able to support a stress similar to that supported by conventional elements used in construction. Costs in construction materials are also optimized.

Description

SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID CONSTRUCTION OF EDD7ICATIONS BY MEANS OF THE PREFABRICATION OF METAL MODULES OF COLUMNS AND JOBS AS WELL AS WALLS AND SLABS WITH CORRUGATED SHEETS COMPENDIUM OF THE DECLARATION The present invention refers to a procedure for the construction and industrial buildings, or housing, and specifically to the construction of houses built in series in a period no greater than 17 days, where the columns and beams are formed with a set of stiff profiles and the walls that will form the walls and slabs with the use of corrugated sheets, and has as a characteristic that its manufacture takes place in the place where it is going to be built, from which it is evident that said procedure is applicable to the construction of housing areas. The modules that are prefabricated for walls can be accessed for the subsequent placement of doors and windows which are formed by means of a recoverable formwork from the casting of the same. The walls thus constructed are lightweight, modular, either rectangular or square, one-piece consisting of the combination of corrugated sheets with a multiplicity of channels or special corrugated, placed in parallel and equidistant and in one or both its two sides have a lightened hydraulic concrete layer, with its aggregates and without the need to carry inside the concrete, neither rods nor electro-welded reinforcement mesh, and where the enclosures are formed with these sheets by means of self-tapping screws conventional, joining the faces of the profiles that make up the metal structure of the building. In the case of slabs proceeds in a similar manner to the previous considerations These corrugated sheets are arranged by a series of pipes with rectangular or trapezoidal section, placed longitudinally and separated at regular intervals where the face that remains in contact with the concrete , secure and retract it in an appropriate manner and, on the flip side, the concrete will carry any coating. Both the modules for walls and slabs are cast horizontally, once a sheet of corrugated type has been placed that will serve as retention of the casting, leaving the other surface ready for polishing. The modules of the walls and slabs are manufactured with lightened hydraulic concrete and do not require reinforcement steel, according to the indications of the structural analysis study of what is going to be built, having the following benefits: 1). weight of the piece (wall or slab) as a result of reducing the volume of material to be used in the manufacture of the same. 2) .- Reduce the cost of manufacturing the piece (wall or slab) as a result of reducing the volume of material to be used in the manufacture of it. 3) .- They provide acoustic insulation within the standards to the piece (wall or slab). 4) .- Provide space to house the pipelines or pipelines of water, electricity, gas, as well as other services, placing these in advance of the laundry. 5) .- Reduce the cost of assembly of the pieces, since they handle parts with less mass and therefore with less weight. 6) .- Reduce the total weight of the superstructure by handling structural parts of lower weight, which translates into less vulnerability to earthquakes. By using this invention, it is possible to reduce the execution time of the construction of a building, without reducing the resistance of the lightened hydraulic concrete and, on the other hand, the lightened structure for the walls or walls, it is less heavy resulting in a decrease in seismic needs. This reduction of its weight does not mean a restriction in its resistance because it is capable of supporting similar efforts that those that resist the conventional elements of construction. At the same time it is possible to optimize the costs of construction materials. The present invention comprises the use of conventional construction materials such as high strength steel sheets and lightweight hydraulic concrete.

FIELD OF ACTION OF THE INVON The presinvon has its field of action in the construction and construction of houses, being able to extend these principles to warehouses or similar buildings, being developed to be part of a wall or wall, armed by means of sheets corrugated and sets of profiles of high strength steel. In addition to the channeling of the sheets will allow the adhesion of concrete, stucco, plaster or similar materials to form a solid body with the appropriate hardness for a wall or concrete wall. According to the above, the presinvon can be subscribed within the methods of accelerated construction of buildings and optionally may be a self-heating system, whose manufacture of said walls for walls and slabs of mezzanines or ceilings are made immediately PURPOSES OF THE INVON The presinvon has the purpose of contributing to the construction of houses with modules for walls, floor slabs and hydraulic concrete roofs joined to the columns and steel bars, which have the function: 1). - Reduce the weight of the piece (wall or slab) as a result of reducing the volume of material to be used in the manufacture of the same. 2) .- Reduce the cost of manufacturing the piece (wall or slab) as a result of reducing the volume of material to be used in the manufacture of the same. 3.- Provide acoustic insulation to the piece (wall or slab). 4) .- Provide space to house the pipelines or pipelines of water, electricity, gas, as well as other services. 5) .- Reduce the cost of assembly of the pieces since they handle pieces with less mass and therefore with less weight. 6) Saving in foundations for a lower weight of the building; 7) Savings in time for handling lighter parts; 8) Due to the completion of the parts the maintenance cost is reduced; 9) Savings and quality for the prefabrication system. With the above it is possible to obtain cheaper and faster buildings in their construction than others built by currmethods, being more durable, better quality and lower maintenance cost than those built with convonal methods. As indicated, the main purpose of the presinvon is to have a procedure for the prefabrication of walls for walls and slabs of mezzanine and roof, and making use of these, to also have a method of construction of buildings faster than build, more durable and safer, cheaper to build. There is no comparison of this system with other systems such as the placemof partitions, blocks or through prefabricated structural materials, so we can say that they are not comparable. Therefore, it is a purpose of the presinvon, to have a construction method of modules for walls and slabs as well as metal beam columns of houses or for the construction of warehouses, offices or any other use by means of prefabrication of modules with steel sheet and lightweight hydraulic concrete. It is another purpose of the presinvon, to have modalities for the manufacture of walls for walls as well as slabs of mezzanines and ceilings in series, in plan or in the place where it is desired to build the buildings, making use of another time and another differspace who will use the walls and slabs for their service.

Another objective of the presinvon is to have the versatility of using modules for walls and slabs of mezzanine or prefabricated ceilings of lightweight hydraulic concrete, making use of sheets with pipes placed in a regular manner and those that are fixed in an expeditious manner to metal profiles. which form either columns or beams, counting on sufficistrength to withstand the stresses of compression and tension; without the use of reinforcing rods, leaving these walls and slabs together having a structural continuity between the differsections of the building. Finally, through the use of the proposed method, with modules of this invention can be manufactured quickly and inexpensively load or no load walls and slabs of mezzanines and roof, and can take divisions for accesses of doors and windows, in turn making use of These walls and slabs can be built quickly for different use in a safer and cheaper way, since this method optimizes the use of construction materials, eliminating the formwork, being able to build at a much higher rate than the conventional one.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As is known, the use of reinforced concrete in structural members of buildings has the characteristic of resisting loads exposed to the weather for extremely long periods, for which its durability can be considered practically eternal. However, the fact that concrete offers a high compressive strength is not when structural members work at tension. To resist it, steel rods are usually placed as reinforcement in those places where the limb typically works at tension stress. With the combination of the two elements, a set is obtained, with the particularity of working without any deterioration absorbing the bending or cutting moments, as well as their combination. The use of concrete for building, has been widespread throughout the world, having developed new techniques, as well as new materials that in some cases compete and replace the concrete. The constituent elements of the present invention are formed of already known materials such as with concrete, a steel sheet with a series of rectangular or trapezoidal channelings placed longitudinally and spaced at regular intervals, to replace the steel rods, optimized for its position, stiff steel profiles, etc. without this meaning a restriction or limitation on the scope of the invention, being able to be covered with a concrete firm to form a compact element, whose combination manages to absorb all the compression and tension efforts, present in the general built-up assembly, allowing therefore the edificación edification and in addition, can be covered with conventional materials like cement, plaster, or by similar materials. By using the present invention, dividing walls or dividing walls can be installed immediately, without requiring the use of machinery or highly qualified personnel. Due to the construction materials that are used, all the elements are light and their transportation is the easiest, in addition to their manufacture can be done in the field or workplace. Finally, with the use of the present invention, we obtain a saving in the execution time as well as a saving in the cost of its handling, by a smaller foundation and also by avoiding the use of forms and foundation caissons. With regard to its comparison with other known inventions, we can say that it competes advantageously, as they could be: a) the one referring to modular panels with lattice structures and reinforced with plastic materials, corresponding to the American patent 4,297,820 under the title "Composite" structural panel with multuayered reflective core ", because it uses synthetic plastic materials used for walls with a very limited resistance; b) that inherent to the national model 3207 under the title of "Septum model for construction" which requires the use and use of partitions of special manufacture as well as the use of threaded rods with the consequent increase in manpower. Finally, the use of the proposed modules allows a faster construction, in addition to its impact resistance is quite acceptable. Also for the materials used it turns out to be thermo-acoustic, preventing the heat from leaving the interior of the house, at the same time isolating its interior from external noise. Additional protection, to avoid noise, cold or humidity, is achieved by coating with plaster, tile, tile or paint. As it is obvious, on the walls are traced places where doors or windows or other type of enclosures will be placed. In this case, the proposed invention is not limited and competes advantageously, since the desired opening can be built in advance on the module: this avoids having to place shingles or partially destroy the wall. Indeed, the walls with holes or cavities, can be built from the beginning without it representing any problem.

Finally, dividing walls can be placed even when a house has been built in a simple and fast way. The characteristic details of the walls and slabs for the construction of the buildings referred to in this invention are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying drawings, as an illustration of that and serving the same reference nomenclature to indicate the same. parts of the figures shown.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a front view of a sheet of steel, corrugated with a multiplicity of ducts; Figure 2 is a sectional view of the corrugated steel sheet; Figure 3 is a sectional view of a module of stiff profiles that make up both the columns or beams of the building; Figure 4, is a section of the union of the steel sheet modules with lightweight hydraulic concrete that make up a wall, to the stiffened profiles; Figure 5 is a sectional view of the set of profiles stiffened with the corrugated steel sheet module and with the lightweight hydraulic concrete; Figure 6 is a sectional view showing the manner of holding the corrugated steel sheet module and the lightweight hydraulic concrete to a stiff profile; Figure 7 is a perspective view showing how to fasten the sheet and concrete module to a stiff profile; Figure 8 is another perspective view of a module of corrugated steel sheet and hydraulic concrete lightened to a stiff profile; Figure 9 is a perspective view of the corrugated steel sheet module and the lightened hydraulic concrete.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The characteristic details of this method for the construction of buildings are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying drawings, as an illustration of that and serving the same reference signs to indicate the same parts of the figures shown Thus making reference to said figures; the wall of the present invention composed of lightened hydraulic concrete (30) formed by a monolithic piece, of square or rectangular shape according to the structural design being confined in a corrugated sheet (10) with some pipes or corrugated, the hydraulic concrete layer lightened with aggregates (30) and without the need to carry in its interior an electro-welded reinforcing mesh, whose thickness will adjust to the structural calculation. This corrugated sheet (10) comprises a multiplicity of channels of rectangular or trapezoidal section, (12) placed in a parallel and equidistant manner, followed by a straight section (16) repeating this rule across the width of the corrugated sheet (10) The enclosure of the corrugated sheet (10) are achieved by holding it against the columns, by means of conventional self-tapping screws (22) and where these columns are arranged by a set of stiff profiles, (20) which are composed of a flat surface, divided into three parts or sections: a first lower section whose ends are joined by a fold to the finials; of a stiffened intermediate section of the central axis of the skids and which confonna stiffened section; a third section, followed by the middle section, is displaced from said anterior section and coincides with the axis of the first section. When on a wall it is required to have an opening for the placement of a window or door, the wall will be built according to the structural design, being this formed with the necessary opening or opening, which will not break the wall. These openings will not affect the constituent parts of the wall because their resistance will not be affected. Only in those areas will the columns be complete; the openings will only be in the respective area of the wall. Finally, the dimensions of all the components are variable and are determined, for each case, by the project or structural design in function of the clearings between columns that have to cover, as well as the types and magnitudes of the loads that they have to support. However, a dimension more used in the exterior walls is 10 centimeters thick. With reference to the figures, of the slabs, they are manufactured in modules of variable dimensions according to the requirements of the architectural project of the building that is to be built, carrying in its lower part a corrugated sheet (10) placing hydraulic concrete lightened above the sheet, and in the case give a polished finish on the surface of the slab of mezzanine or waterproofing in the case of roof slab, BEST WAY TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION Regarding the construction method of the present invention, it is described below. A first stage in which the metal columns and beams are prefabricated simultaneously, and the modules integrated by corrugated steel sheet covered with lightened hydraulic concrete, which will serve as walls and slabs. In this same stage the foundation for the building will be worked on. The columns and metal bars will be formed by stiff profiles (20) formed of high strength steel sheet, with stiffening on skids and in the core. The prefabrication of the modules for walls and slabs, will be done by placing the corrugated steel sheet, on a flat and horizontal surface, straining the lightened hydraulic concrete, without requiring steel meshes in its interior. When the concrete starts its setting process, in the case of the slabs for mezzanines, we proceed to give it a final polishing finish whose main purpose is to achieve a surface with the appropriate smoothness that allows us to apply paint, wallpaper, decorative paste or similar materials in direct form with which the cost of the finishes is reduced. And for the case of slabs that will serve as a roof, they will only be waterproofed. In a second stage consisting of the fastening of the metal columns, with connection plates at their ends, to the foundation. Next, the main and secondary metal bars will be fastened to the columns. The whole metallic structure, which constitutes the main resistant structure, is continued by plumb, square and tailored. A third stage consists of the lifting of the walls integrated by the concrete modules with sheet, holding them together and then with the metal columns by means of self-tapping screws. The lower part of said walls, will be received in a channel prepared in the foundation, then drowning in lightened hydraulic concrete. The upper part of the walls will be fixed by self-tapping screws, joining the sheet of the module with the sheet of a perimeter trabe. The same operation will be done with the modules that integrate the slabs, subjecting them in that case to the main and secondary metal bars, also with self-tapping screws. A fourth and final stage will seal the grooves that are formed by joining the steel sheet of the modules to the entire metal structure, with the same lightened hydraulic concrete used in the modules. The corrugated sheets (10) presents in some cases, a series of cut-out areas, whose function is to serve as an element for the formation of windows or doors. The hidden ducts to carry the different services of the building, are included from the manufacture of the modules of walls and slabs; also the openings of doors, windows, skylights, etc., are included in the modules of walls and slabs, with what is achieved as an advantage a greater firmness in the building, in addition to avoiding the work of shaving and emboquillados that occur when canalisations and the assembly of doors and windows are included later. For all the above, it is a fact that all this translates into an economy of time and cost, as well as an increase in the quality of construction achieved with this invention.

Claims

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the invention, it is considered as a novelty and therefore the contents of the following claim clauses are claimed as my property.

1. Metallic modules of columns and beams as well as walls and slabs with corrugated sheets, where the modules that will form the walls are arranged by the combination of a monolithic piece, of square or rectangular shape according to the structural design, being confined on a sheet corrugated and where said monolithic piece comprises a layer of hydraulic concrete lightened with aggregates does not require to have an electro-welded reinforcement mesh and whose thickness will adjust to the structural calculation; and where the module that will form a slab also arranged by a monolithic piece, carrying in its lower part a corrugated sheet, slipping with hydraulic concrete lightened on top of the sheet and with a finish or polish on the concrete or waterproofed surface for the case of work as a rooftop;

2. Metallic modules of columns and beams as well as walls and slabs with corrugated sheets, claimed according to clause one, also characterized in that the corrugated sheet comprises a multiplicity of rectangular or trapezoidal channeling, placed in a parallel and equidistant way, followed of a straight part repeating this rule across the width of the corrugated sheet.

3. Metallic modules of columns and beams as well as walls and slabs with corrugated sheets, claimed according to clause one, because when on a wall it is required to have an opening for the placement of a window or door, the wall will be constructed of according to the structural design, this being formed with the necessary opening or opening, with which the wall will no longer be broken.

4. System for the rapid construction of buildings by means of the prefabrication of metal modules of columns and beams as well as walls and slabs with corrugated sheets, characterized by comprising a series of process steps, consisting of: A first stage in which The columns and metal bars are prefabricated simultaneously, formed by stiff profiles formed of high strength steel sheet, with stiffening on skids and in the core, and the monolithic modules for walls and slabs, arranged by the placement of lightened hydraulic concrete placing the sheet of corrugated steel, on a flat and horizontal surface, and where once the setting process has begun, in the case of the slabs for mezzanines, we proceed to give a final polishing finish that has as its main object achieve a surface with the appropriate smoothness that allows us to apply paint, wallpaper, decorative paste or similar materials is directly and in the case of slabs that will serve as a roof, they will only be waterproofed; From a second stage consisting of the fastening of the metal columns, with connection plates at their ends, to the foundation, where the main and secondary metal beams will be fastened to the columns, continuing to plumb, square and measure, all the metallic structure, which constitutes the main resistant structure; From a third stage, consists of the lifting of the walls integrated by the modules of concrete with sheet, holding them together and then with the metal columns by means of self-tapping screws, where the lower part of said walls, will be received in a channel prepared in the foundation, then drowning in lightweight hydraulic concrete and 1 to the upper part of the walls, they will be fixed by self-tapping screws, joining the sheet of the module with the sheet of a perimetral trabe; A fourth and final stage will seal the grooves that are formed by joining the steel sheet of the modules to the entire metal structure, with the same lightened hydraulic concrete used in the modules and where some corrugated sheets will present, in some cases, a series of trimmed areas, whose function will be to serve as an element for the formation of windows or doors and where it can also carry concealed ducts for the different services of the building, for the openings of doors, windows, skylights, etc., included in the modules of walls and slabs.

5. System for the rapid construction of buildings through the prefabrication of metal modules of columns and beams as well as walls and slabs with corrugated sheets, characterized in that the corrugated sheeting is achieved by holding it against the columns by self-tapping screws conventional, and where these columns are arranged by a set of stiff profiles, which are composed of a flat surface, divided into three parts or sections: a first lower section whose ends are joined by a fold to the finials; of an intermediate section of the central axis of the skids and which forms the stiffened section; a third section, followed by the middle section, is offset from said anterior section and coincides with the axis of the first section.