MXPA06008830A - Device for removably fixing two mechanical parts to one another - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for removably fixing two mechanical parts to one another. The inventive device comprises:a pin which locks a first part in relation to a second part in a detachable manner, and a retaining element which is associated with the pin and an elastically-loaded tension element which co-operate in order to prevent the pin from leaving the locking position thereof. The invention is characterised in that the device also comprises at least two inclined surfaces which essentially take the form of a projection that extends along the axial axis of the pin, such that, when the pin rotates, the retaining element moves across said inclined surfaces and the pin moves between the locking position and the release position against the force exerted by the tension element in the direction of the axis of the pin. Moreover, the parts,which are solidly and securely fixed to one another during the earthmoving work, can be easily assembled and disassembled.

Description

AMOVIBLE FIXING DEVICE OF TWO MECHANICAL PIECES The present invention relates to a removable fastening device of two mechanical parts, which comprises a pin that removably blocks a first piece with respect to a second piece, a retainer element associated with the pin and an elastically loaded tensioning element, which collaborate to prevent the pin from getting out of its blocking position.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Excavator and similar machines, such as those used in public works and mining, are used to start, move and load earth and stones. Normally these machines are equipped with a spoon attached to a mechanical arm. The spoon is provided with a beveled blade or lip at a leading edge intended to impinge and penetrate the mass of earth and stones. To avoid excessive wear of the blade and to help penetrate the earth, it is common to mount teeth associated with the blade that protrude in front of it. However, said teeth are also subject to wear and tear, so they must be replaced often, and also, depending on the work to be done by the machine, it may be desirable to change the type or shape of the teeth. To facilitate said replacement, a tooth holder is used, which is fixed to the blade of the spoon in a more or less permanent manner, and teeth, so that each tooth is removably mounted in the tooth holder by means of a pin. Usually said pin passes through holes in the tooth and a passage that passes through the tooth holder in order to fix the tooth to the tooth holder.

To prevent the pin from coming out of its mounting position, a retaining device is used, which fixes the pin in said mounting position. Normally the retaining device includes elastic elements that usually apply a force that pushes the pin towards its mounting position. When the usual arrangements work under difficult conditions, the pin has a tendency to move against the pushing force of the retaining device. Then the pin can get out of the adapter and the pin and the tooth can be lost. The loss of a tooth and / or pin can become very important depending on the place of work of the same, since they can break down other machines, such as crushers, that work in the same place of production as the machine that uses teeth such as mines or quarries. US Pat. No. 4918843 describes an arrangement in which the retaining device is an elastic washer, which is placed in a cavity of the tooth bar defining a housing that receives said washer and positions it concentrically with respect to the corresponding holes of the tooth and the adapter, working and therefore deforming said washer in a direction normal to the axial axis of the pin. The diameter of the pin is greater than that of the hole of the washer, so that the pin is fitted into the washer by means of a recess in the surface of the pin when a mechanical stress is applied, which normally consists of hitting the pin with a hammer or mallet. This requirement to strike the pin to fit it in the washer is obviously uncomfortable and laborious since it is usually necessary to hit the pin horizontally, a difficult operation since the space between adapters placed in the blade of a bucket is limited, which requires the use of auxiliary tools that do nothing but hinder the assembly and disassembly of the pin, increasing the risk of accident for the operator or operators. This retaining device is influenced by the quality of the material of the elastic washer used since the pin is retained by it and as a function thereof the retention of the pin will be more or less reliable. Also the existing recess in the pin for the introduction of the washer weakens the pin, being able to be broken due to the work done by the tooth-tooth adapter assembly and the concentration of existing stresses in said recess. US Patent No. 5983534 discloses a pin locking system that is rotatable and does not require hammering. In this system, the pin incorporates an elastic element capable of exerting a force against a part of the tooth or the tooth bar, in order to tighten the coupling between both, and an elastically-loaded retention element radially projecting from a cylindrical wall of the pin. and it is susceptible to being inserted in a cavity of the tooth or tooth bar when the pin, once inserted, is rotated at a predetermined angle by the application of a tool at an axial end of the pin. A notch allows the insertion of the retaining element when the pin is inserted axially into a passage defined jointly by the tooth and the tooth bar when both are engaged. Once the pin is inserted, a ramp surface acts as a cam to push the retaining element into the pin as it is rotated until it reaches the angular position of said cavity, where the retaining element is fired at inside the cavity due to the aforementioned elastic load. For dismantling, the breakage of the retaining element by the action of hammer blows in the axial direction on the pin, or the cooperation of inclined surfaces of the housing with corresponding inclined surfaces of the head of the retaining element to push This inward, either by an axial force exerted on the pin or by a torque applied to it. This arrangement involves a high complexity for the pin, since it incorporates two moving parts housed and retained in respective cavities of the body of the pin and elastically loaded by coil springs, which has an unfavorable impact on its production cost. In addition, the moving parts and the elastic springs lodged in the pin are highly susceptible to being affected by the accumulation of dust and dirt, which, in combination with moisture, can form a clayey type paste that when dried can block the springs and the possibilities of movement of the moving parts, which implies the need for their destruction by hammering when it is necessary to dismantle the teeth. In this type of systems the efforts required for the disassembly are greater than those of the assembly, since in addition to the difficulties of the design and construction, the disassembly is influenced because during the work the pin and the retention element can be deformed and in addition Ground can be introduced into the pin housing, all of which makes it difficult to remove.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to simplify the assembly and disassembly of a tooth in a tooth holder, and more generally, of two mechanical parts, a female and a male, with each other, the device for fixing according to the present invention is characterized in that it further comprises at least two inclined planes whose general shape is that of a projection oriented in the axial direction of the pin, so that, when the pin is rotated, the retainer element traverses said planes inclined and the pin moves between two positions, the locking position and the unlocking or insertion position of the pin, against the axial force to the pin shaft exerted by said tensioning element. Said retaining element has four parallel faces two to two, the two upper and lower faces being those which allow to realize the pressure on the tensioning element as well as facilitate the sliding of the retaining element, and therefore the turning of the pin, to reach the position of blocking. The tensioning element must not be significantly elastically loaded once it has been placed in its mounting position, since if it were heavily loaded it could have the following consequences: Possible loss, over time, of the elastic qualities of the tensioning element in low wear systems, The fact that the relaxed tension element is found allows the retainer element to return to its rest position, in the presence of forces with random components, however, if the tension element is elastically loaded in its working position, it would be subjected to repetitive forces (compression and rotation) that could accumulate in time and eventually displace the retaining element from its blocking position to its insertion position. Thanks to these characteristics, both the assembly of the two parts and the dismantling operation are carried out in a simple manner without the need to hit the pin, but at the same time the fixing during the work is solid and reliable. This is possible, in addition to its constructive characteristics, because the dirt to which the disposilivo is subjected during the work does not affect its operation. This is so since the tensioning element occupies a space that is not affected by said dirt and thus allows it to develop its compression function independently of the existing dirt, since when the tensioning element is compressed a previously non-existent space is opened allowing the displacement of stored dirt. Also, by not requiring the device for fixing hammer blows for assembly or disassembly, it allows mounting a larger number of adapters or male parts in the bucket of a machine. The two inclined planes, in combination with the elastic load of the tensioning element and the retaining element, make it very difficult for the pin, with said retaining element, to move out of its locking position. During its working operation, the pin can receive both longitudinal and transverse stresses, but it will hardly receive efforts that cause a turn thereof, so that the pin retainer will not be able to move from its blocking position to that of inserting the pin in the formed cavity. for the male part and the female part. A feature of the present retention device is that it can be adapted to existing retention systems. In one embodiment, the inclined planes are formed on one face of the tension element. In an alternative embodiment, the inclined planes are formed on at least one of the contact surfaces between the male part and the female part, that is, on at least one of the internal surfaces of the female part or in at least one of the outer surfaces of the male part. In this case, the same surface of the part containing said inclined planes can be provided with a cavity that receives the retainer element of the pin in its blocking position.

Preferably, the inclined planes form a double ramp facing each other, with a projection between them, and one of whose slopes is more pronounced than the other. In this way, it is easier to assemble during the rotation of the pin from the insertion position of the pin to the blocking position, and the opposite movement is hindered, in order to prevent the pin from detaching from the housing between the male part and the insert. female piece causing one of the pieces to detach from the other during work. In one embodiment, the pin comprises a body whose shape is that of a surface of revolution. Said body can be frustoconical, to facilitate the introduction and extraction of the pin, or cylindrical; the cylindrical shape will be more suitable in the embodiments in which the pin moves axially during the assembly or disassembly operation. Likewise, the pin is preferably through, that is, it crosses the two sides of the female part, facilitating the extraction of the pin by pressing on the opposite side to the insertion side in case the pin is stuck. The retaining device object of the present invention can also be used in fastening systems between a male part and a female part in which the pin is not through. The section of the pin can have different geometrical shapes, preferably having a circular section due not only to a better resistance to the stresses to which it is subjected as well as to a better adaptation to the retention device, but also for a more simple. Another section that can present the pin is oval or elliptical, so that when turning the pin after its introduction, the area of greater length comes into contact with the wall of the housing of the male part. Other geometric sections whose vertices are rounded can also be used in the present retaining device.

A variant embodiment of the invention with trunco-conical pin provides for the inclusion of at least two inclined planes in the form of ramps separated from each other by a flat section with self-tightening effects to compensate for the effects of wear and thus keep the assembly tensioned. By means of this embodiment, the pin, in addition to rotating, realizes an axial movement which assures the retention since the unlocking of the pin is more difficult when it requires simultaneous rotation and axial displacement. This variant lengthens the life of the coupling since it allows to use a greater number of female parts with the same male part. This is so since allowing to tighten the clamping between the male part and the female part allows to maintain the tension between both, compensating for the increase in clearance generated by the wear of the male part during its life when changing different female parts. In the line of simplifying the device of the invention as much as possible, the retaining element constitutes a transverse projection of the pin, and preferably is integral with it. It is provided that one of the ends of the pin has a coupling for a tool, by means of which a rotational movement about its longitudinal axis can be applied to said pin. A variant embodiment of the invention provides that the tension element is a curved segment of elastic material in conjunction with a metal segment that is disposed on said elastic material. By constituting a segment of washer, the tensioning element is assembled without any difficulty around the body of the pin and due to its metal part allows to facilitate the rotation movement of the retainer on the tensioning element. It is also possible that the tension element is formed by a washer either of elastic material combined with metallic material, or of metallic material only in the form of spring or spring for hot applications. In addition, the tension element may not have a metal part, but only be constituted by an elastomeric material. The tensioning element may have any shape in addition to the aforementioned curved segment or washer, as long as said tensioning element allows the rotation of the retaining element. In one embodiment, the tensioning element is mounted or constructed on the pin, specifically on the retaining element integral with the pin. Preferably, one of the two pieces comprises a cavity for receiving the tensioning element. For constructive reasons, one of said pieces may be provided with a hole with a notch to be able to introduce the pin with the projection or retaining element. In a particularly useful embodiment of the invention, said first part is a tooth and said second part is a tooth holder, especially a scoop of an excavating machine or the like. Likewise, provision is made for the construction of a tooth adapted to be used in said retention device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of what has been exposed, some drawings are attached in which, schematically and only by way of non-limiting example, several practical cases of embodiment are represented. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a tooth-tooth-holder assembly of a bucket of an excavating machine with a device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a perspective view of the tooth of Figure 1; Figure 3 are two side views of the tooth of Figure 1; Figure 4 are two sections of the tooth of Figure 2 according to A-A; Figure 5 is a section of the tooth of Figure 3 according to B-B; Figure 6 is a side view of the holder of Figure 1; Figure 7 is a section of the tooth holder of Figure 6 according to C-C; Figure 8 is a profile view, in plan and a section of a cylindrical pin; Figure 9 is a profile view, in plan and a section of a frustoconical pin; Figure 10 are three views of a tension element according to an embodiment of the invention and of application in the assembly of figure 1; Figure 11 are three successive views showing the operation of a device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 12 is a perspective view of a tooth-tooth-holder assembly of a bucket of an excavating machine with a device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 13 is a side view of the tooth holder of Figure 12; Figure 14 is a section of the tooth holder of Figure 13 according to D-D; Figure 15 is a sectional view of the tooth and the tooth of Figure 12; Figure 16 is an application tension element in the assembly of Figure 12; Figure 17 is an application tension element in the assembly of Figure 12; Figure 18 is a tensioning element for application in the assembly of Figure 12; Figure 19 is a perspective view of a tooth-tooth adapter assembly of a bucket of an excavating machine with a device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 20 is a side view of the tooth of Figure 19; Figure 21 is a section of the tooth of Figure 20; Figure 22 is a side view of the tooth holder of Figure 19; Figure 23 is a section of the tooth holder of Figure 22 according to E-E; Figure 24 are three views of a tensioning element applicable to the assembly of Figure 19; Figure 25 are three successive views showing the operation of a device according to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 19; Figure 26 is a perspective view of a tooth-tooth-holder assembly of a bucket of an excavating machine with a device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 27 is a perspective view of a tooth-tooth-adapter assembly mounted on a bucket of an excavating machine with a device according to Figure 26; Figure 28 is an application tension element in the assembly of Figure 26; Figure 29 are three successive views showing the operation of a device according to the assembly of Figure 26; Figure 30 are two views of a tension element according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 31 is a section of a tooth according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 31a is a detail of the tooth of Figure 13; Figure 31b is an enlarged detail of the tooth of Figure 13a; Figure 32 are two views of a tension element according to an alternative embodiment of the invention; Figure 33 are three successive views showing the operation of a device using the tensioning element of Figure 32; Figure 34 is a perspective view of a tooth-tooth-holder assembly of a bucket of an excavating machine with a device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 35 is a plan view, elevation and section of a pin; Figure 36 is a plan view, elevation and section of a pin; Figure 37 are three successive views showing the operation of a device according to an embodiment of the invention with the pin of Figure 35; Figure 38 is a side view of a tooth bar according to an embodiment of the invention for application with the pin of Figure 35 or Figure 36; Figure 39 are three successive views showing the operation of a device according to an embodiment of the invention with the pin of Figure 36 and the tooth holder of Figure 38; DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the invention applied, by way of example, to the assembly and disassembly of a tooth in a tooth holder of an excavating machine are described below, but it is clear that the device can be used for the removable attachment of other type of mechanical parts. With reference to figures 1 to 11, a tooth-tooth-holder assembly 1 comprises a tooth 10, a tooth holder 20, a pin 30 and an elastic tensioning element 40, formed by a metal element 43 located on an elastic element 44. The pin 30 is provided with a body, whose shape is that of a surface of revolution, and a transverse projection 31 that constitutes a retaining element for the pin itself.

One of the ends of the pin 30 contains a recess 32 with the shape suitable for coupling a tool by means of which a rotational movement about its longitudinal axis can be applied to the pin. The tooth 10 is provided with a hole 11 with a notch 12 to be able to insert the pin 30 with the protrusion or retaining element 31. It can also include a hole lla with a notch 12a on the opposite side surface or wall, so that allows the introduction of the pin by any of the two sides. The adapter 20 includes a hole 21 for the pin 30 and a cavity 22 for receiving the tensioning element 40. It is also possible to include a hole 21a and a cavity 22a on the surface of the adapter opposite to the previous one. With the pin mounted on the assembly, the tensioning element 40 should not be loaded or significantly elastically loaded, said tensioning element 40 remaining between the cavity 22 and the retaining element 31. Said tensioning element 40 is a curved segment and has the function of hindering the recoil, possibly caused by the vibrations that take place in the excavation process, of the retaining element 31 from its mounting position (position C in figure 11) to its insertion or removal position (position A in figure 11). The tooth-tooth assembly 1 is assembled by first engaging the tooth 10 and the tooth holder 20, with the tensioning element 40 previously housed in the cavity 22 of the tooth holder 20, then inserting the pin into the holes of the tooth and the tooth holder housing and, finally, by turning the pin by a suitable tool to the blocking or mounting position, in which the retaining element 31 of the pin 30 is caught between the tooth and the tooth bar. Due to the shape of the hole 11 of the tooth 10, the pin 30 can only be inserted in the precise position in which the retaining element 31 passes through the notch 12. In this embodiment, shown in Figure 11 in three positions A, B and C , the tension element 40, formed by the metal part 43 and elastic 44, is flat and an internal surface of the tooth 10 is provided with two inclined surfaces 13 a and 13 b which culminate in a projection 14. On the same internal surface of the tooth, together To the inclined surface 13b there is a cavity 15 for receiving the retaining element 31 of the pin 30 in its blocking position (position C in figure 11). The inclined surface 13a has a first smooth ramp which does not make it difficult in excess to advance the retaining element 31 from the position A to said locking position C, and a second steep ramp 13b which makes it more difficult to retract the retaining element from the position C to said unlocked position A. The tension element 40 is housed in the cavity 22 and can not move, but being elastic it can be compressed, and this compression allows the advancement of the retaining element 31 by the inclined surfaces 13a and 13b passing through the projection 14 (position B in the figure eleven). Furthermore, as mentioned above, when the pin is in its final locking position, the tension member 40 does not maintain a significant elastic compression load. To disassemble the tooth 10 it is sufficient to rotate the pin 30 from its blocking position to the insertion or unlocking position, with sufficient force for the retaining element 31 to further compress the tensioning element 40 and overcome the steep ramp of the surface 13b; then all that remains is to easily remove the pin from the adapter and the tooth. In this embodiment, the movements of the pin 10 are translation and rotation and the body of the pin will preferably be cylindrical (see figure 8). The pin has two movements of translation to its mounting position, thereby giving greater security to the retention device since for its extraction requires a movement of translation in one direction and then a movement of translation in the opposite direction to the previous one, making this way the accidental disassembly of the pin, and therefore of the tooth, during the work. The pin in this embodiment is preferably cylindrical since the spaces for possible lodging of dirt between the pin and the housing thereof in the adapter are limited to the outer surface of the pin. If the pin used in this embodiment were frustoconical, there could be problems in extracting it since dirt introduced during the work of the device could impede the translational movement of the pin when filling the spaces between the pin and the housing. the tooth holder creating wedges of dirt around the external surface of the pin. In another embodiment of the invention, as shown in figures 12 to 18, the tension element can be instead of a curved segment a circular washer 70 composed of an elastic part 74 and a metal part 73. When the tooth and The adapters are applied to hot working operations, said tension element 70 with a metal part and another elastic part can be replaced by a metal washer, such as for example a spring 76 or a spring 75. In this embodiment the movements of the pin 30 are also of axial rotation so that the body of the pin will preferably be cylindrical, since if it were frustoconical said translation movement would only be possible at the cost of a bad adjustment of the pin 30 in the tooth 10 and the adapter 20.

In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 to 25, the tensioning element 80 is provided with a flat entrance surface 87 and two inclined surfaces, 85a and 85b, which culminate in a projection 81, said inclined surfaces separating the initial position of introduction or unlocking (corresponding to the flat surface 87) of the retaining element 61 together with the pin 60 (position A in figure 25), of its final mounting or blocking position, flat surface 86 of the tensioning element 80 (position C in figure 25) ). The assembly and disassembly procedure of this embodiment is analogous to that of the above detailed embodiment, and in this embodiment the locking position of the pin 60 is secure by virtue of the interaction between the elastic tensioning element 80, the retaining element 61, the surface 86 and the surface 22. In said figure 25 it can be seen how the tension element 80 is compressed with respect to the reference line RR when the pin rotates axially and said tension element is compressed by the action of the retainer element 61, without existing an axial displacement of the pin 60. In these cases in which there is only a rotation of the pin and not an axial movement, it is preferable that the pin is frustoconical since during the unlocking operation the fact of being frustoconical facilitates its removal, since the contact between the surface of the pin and the housing is smaller and therefore in case of finding the gap between the pin and the pins. If the housing is filled with dirt, the effort required to move the pin axially for removal will be less. Also in case the pin is deformed during the work of the retention device, if said pin were cylindrical the turn thereof would be more complicated since there would be greater contact between the pin and the housing in the tooth holder due to the constant section of the pin. pin, however to be truncated cone the turn will not be so difficult because there will be less contact with the housing in the adapter. In this embodiment a frustoconical pin 60 has been used (Figure 9), although as in all the detailed embodiments, frusto-conical or cylindrical pins can be used indistinctly, although obviously the use of one against the other will be more advantageous depending on the embodiment . In another embodiment of the invention, shown in figures 26 to 29, the tension element 100, with a metal part 103 and an elastic part 104, preferably in the shape of a curved segment, is provided, in its metal part 103, with two surfaces inclined 105a, 105b descendants separated from each other by a flat section 101. It also has a flat area 107 at the beginning of said tension element 100 and a third flat area 106 at the end of said tension element 100. The operation is identical to that already described for the previous embodiments, but allows different mounting positions to increase the pressure on the retaining element 61 of the pin, preferably frusto-conical, of the tooth 10. Through this configuration it is possible to move the pin inward as the tooth 10 or tooth-holder 20 wear out as a result of the shocks and vibrations generated between the tooth 10 and the adapter 20. In FIG. three positions, A, B and C in which the axial rotation displacement as well as axial translation of the pin 60 is observed along the metal surface 103 of the tension element 100. Another embodiment of the invention, represented in the figures 30 and 31, shares the same technical principle as that described in figures 26 to 29, with two descended inclined surfaces 53a and 53b, separated from each other by a flat surface 54, and said surfaces located on the wall or internal surface of the tooth 10. In this embodiment, after the inclined surface 53a, the wall or internal surface of the tooth 10 has another flat surface 55 where the path of the retainer element 61 of the pin 60 ends., said pin being preferably frustoconical. The tension element 130, formed by a metal part 133 on an elastic part 134, preferably in the shape of a curved segment, used for this embodiment has its flat, straight and inclined upper surface, corresponding to the metal part, with respect to its lower surface which is flat and straight, corresponding to its elastic part. In figures 32 and 33 another embodiment is shown, with the same operating principle as all the embodiments and similar in construction to the embodiment shown in figures 26 to 29. In this variant the tensioning element 90 has, as the remainder, of a metallic element 93 superimposed on an elastic part 94, the upper surface of the metal part 93 of the tensioning element having a first flat surface 97, followed by an inclined surface 95a, after which a second surface is arranged. inclined surface 95b and ending in a second flat surface 96. The second inclined surface 95b is almost perpendicular to the flat surfaces 97, 96. The operation of this embodiment is similar to the previous ones by providing the fastening system with a self-tightening system. This device requires the removal of the pin from its housing since, when the key is turned, the pin comes out only by the effect of the tensioning element that pushes it towards the outside. The height difference between the first flat surface 97 of the tensioning element 90 and the second flat surface 96 of said tensioning element 90, is the path of the axial displacement of the pin, previously allowing the introduction of the pin in its housing to have part of the pin outside the accommodation. This device is of preferable application in dredging systems. In another embodiment, shown in Figures 34 to 39, the tension element 113, 123 could be mounted or constructed on the pin 110, 120, specifically on the retaining element 111, 121 and having the inclined surfaces facing each other determining a projection 14, 125 either on the inner surface of the tooth 10 or on the external surface of the adapter 20. Specifically and in view of FIGS. 34, 35 and 37, the tensioning element 113 is located in the lower part of the retaining element 111 of the pin 110, locating the opposing inclined surfaces 13a, 13b determining a projection 14 on the internal surface of the tooth 10, leaving a housing 15 for the retaining element 111 in its mounting position. In this device the pin 110 performs a displacement of rotation and axial translation. However, in view of Figures 36, 38 and 39, if the tensioning element 123 is placed on the upper part of the retaining element 121 of the pin 120, the facing inclined surfaces 127a, 127b determining a shoulder 125 should be located on the surface outside of the adapter 20, preceded by both sides of respective flat surfaces 124, 126. In this case the displacement of the pin 120 is also of rotation and axial translation. Both configurations can be alternated depending on the work needs, and the movements made by the pin can vary. On the other hand, the concrete shape of the inclined surfaces can be any suitable to facilitate the rotation of the pin from the unlocking position towards the locking position and at the same time prevent the retaining element from being released from the blocking position during work Normal of the excavator. Likewise, more than two inclined surfaces can be arranged if the embodiment so requires, especially in those embodiments that allow several tightening positions between the tooth and tooth bar as the adapter is deformed. The invention has been described with reference to several specific embodiments, but one skilled in the art will be able to combine the different embodiments according to the needs of application and introduce variations and replace some elements with technically equivalent ones., which will also fall within the scope of protection defined by the appended claims.

Claims (36)

1. Removable fixing device (1) of two mechanical parts, which comprises a pin (30, 60, 110, 120) that removably locks a first female part (10) with respect to a second male part (20), a retaining element (31, 61, 111, 121) associated with the pin (30, 60, 110, 120) and a tension element (40, 70, 75, 76, 80, 100, 90, 130, 113, 123) elastically loaded , which cooperate to prevent the pin (30, 60, 110, 120) from moving out of its blocking position, characterized in that it comprises a surface with at least two planes or inclined surfaces (13a, 13b, 85a, 85b) , 105a, 105b, 53a, 53b, 95a, 95b, 127a, 127b), so that when rotating the retaining element (31, 61, 111, 121), said retaining element (31, 61, 111, 121) traverses said inclined planes (13a, 13b, 85a, 85b, 105a, 105b, 53a, 53b, 95a, 95b, 127a, 127b) moving between at least two positions against the force exerted axially on the pin shaft (30, 60, 110, 120) by said eleme Tension indicator (40, 70, 75, 76, 80, 100, 90, 130, 113, 123).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined planes (85a, 85b, 105a, 105b, 95a, 95b) are formed on one face of the tension element (80, 100, 90).

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined planes (13a, 13b, 53a, 53b, 127a, 127b) are formed in one of said parts (10, 20) and in at least one of the contact surfaces between both pieces (10, 20).

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the same surface of said piece (10, 20) containing the inclined planes (13 a, 13 b) is provided with a recess (15) that houses the retainer element (31, 61, 111) of the pin (30, 60, 110) in its blocking position.

5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inclined planes (13a, 13b, 85a, 85b, 127a, 127b) form a double ramp facing a projection between them.

6. Device according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the tension element (40, 70, 75, 76) has its upper and lower surfaces flat, straight and parallel to each other.

7. Device according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inclined planes (105a, 105b, 53a, 53b) form at least two inclined ramps (105a, 105b, 53a, 53b) descendants separated from each other by a section flat (101, 54).

8. Device according to claims 4 and 7, characterized in that the tension element (130) has its upper surface flat, straight and inclined with respect to its flat and straight bottom surface.

9. Device according to any of claims 4, characterized in that the inclined planes (95a $ 5b) make at least two inclined ramps (95a, 95b), one after another, having one of them (95b) greater slope than the other (95a).

10. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pin (30, 60) has the form of a surface of revolution.

11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the pin (60) is frustoconical.

12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the pin (30) is cylindrical.

13. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pin has a circular section.

14. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pin has elliptical section.

15. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retaining element (31, 61, 111, 121) constitutes a transverse projection of the pin (30, 60, 110, 120).

16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the retaining element (31, 61, 111, 121) is integral with the pin (30, 60, 110, 120).

17. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the ends of the pin (30, 60, 110, 120) has a coupling (32, 62, 112, 122) for a tool by means of which can apply to said pin a rotation movement about its longitudinal axis.

18. Device according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the tension element (40, 80, 100, 130, 90) is a curved segment.

19. Device according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the tension element (70, 75, 76) is a simple circular washer.

20. Device, according to claims 18 and 19, characterized in that the tensioning element is constituted solely by an elastomeric material.

21. Device, according to claims 18 and 19, characterized in that the tensioning element (40, 80, 70, 100, 90, 130, 113, 123) is constituted by a metallic element (43.73, 33.10, 93, 133) disposed on an elastic element (44, 84, 74, 104-, 94, 134).

22. Device, according to claim 19, characterized in that the tension element (76) is a metal spring.

23. Device, according to claim 19, characterized in that the tension element (75) is a metal spring.

24. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tension element (113, 123) is mounted or built on the pin (110, 120).

25. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the male part (20) comprises a cavity (22) in at least one of its outer surfaces to house the tensioning element (40, 70, 75, 76, 80 , 100, 0, 130).

26. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the female part (10) comprises a cavity in at least one of its interior surfaces to receive the tension element.

27. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the female part (10) is provided with at least one hole (11) with a notch (12) to be able to insert the pin (30, 60, 110, 120) with the projection or retainer element (31, 61, 111, 121).

28. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said female part (10) is a tooth and said male part (20) is a tooth.

29. Female part to be coupled in a male part and having at least one hole for the introduction of a pin, characterized in that it has at least two inclined planes on at least one of its internal surfaces of application to a retaining device according to Claim 1

30. Female part, according to claim 29, characterized in that the same internal surface of the female part containing the inclined planes is provided with a cavity that receives the retainer element of the pin in its blocking position.

31. Female part, according to claims 29 and 30, characterized in that the inclined planes form a double ramp faced with a high between them.

32. Female part, according to claim 29, characterized in that the inclined planes conform at least two descending inclined ramps separated from each other by a flat and straight section.

33. Female part, according to claim 29, characterized in that said hole has a socket for the introduction of a retainer element associated with the pin.

34. Female part, according to claims 29 to 33, characterized in that it is a tooth of the type that is coupled to a tooth holder.

35. Male part, to be coupled to a female part and which has a housing inside to receive a pin, characterized in that it has at least two inclined planes on at least one of its external surfaces and is applicable to a device retention according to claim 1.

36. Male part, according to claim 34, characterized in that it is a tooth holder of the type that is coupled to a tooth.