MXPA04010378A

MXPA04010378A - Electro-active multi-focal spectacle lens.

Info

Publication number: MXPA04010378A
Application number: MXPA04010378A
Authority: MX
Inventors: P Duston Dwight
Original assignee: E Vision Llc
Priority date: 2002-04-25
Filing date: 2003-04-23
Publication date: 2005-03-07
Also published as: BR0309517A; AU2003231046A1; WO2003090611A1; JP2005523483A; CA2482695A1; EP1499230A1; CN1662172A; AU2003231046B2; EP1499230A4

Abstract

Electro-active multi-focal spectacles are disclosed. The spectacles have a stack of at least two electro-active regions (5560), (5565) and (5570). The electro-active regions produce a plurality of viewing correction zones. The spectacles also have a controller for independently activating the electro-active regions to produce viewing correction zones. An electro-active multi-focal spectacle having a blending zone is also disclosed. The blending zone provides a transition of optical power between viewing correction zones.

Description

European patent (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ??, For two-Utter codes and other abbreviations. Re / er to thc "G id- ES, H, hR, CiB, GR, HU, 1E, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, RO, anee Notes on Codes and Abbreviations "appearing at the begin- SF, SI, SK, TR), OAPT patent (BF, BJ, F. CG, CT, CM, no of the regular issuance of the PCT GazeUe GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR, E, SN, TD, TG). Published: - with intemational search repon MULTIFOCAL ELECTROACTIVE LENS FOR GOGGLES Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of optics. More particularly, the present invention relates to the correction of vision with a multifocal electro-active eyeglass lens.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one embodiment of the invention, multifocal electroactive spectacles are described. The spectacles comprise an electroactive lens that includes a stack of at least two electroactive regions that produce a plurality of zones with different vision corrections and a controller that independently activates each electroactive region in order to produce the plurality of areas with different vision corrections. According to another embodiment of the invention, multifocal electroactive spectacles are described. Electroactive glasses comprise an electroactive lens that includes at least one electroactive region that produces a plurality of zones with different vision corrections and at least one mixing zone between the plurality of vision correction zones and an activating controller, independently , each electroactive region in order to produce the REF. 159281 plurality of vision correction zones and at least one mixing zone. According to another embodiment of the invention, an electroactive lens is described. The lens comprises two electroactive stacked regions, in which a first region produces an intermediate close and near vision correction zone when activated and in which a second region produces an intermediate far vision correction zone when it is activated. The lens also comprises a controller that activates, independently, each electroactive region.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description of the currently preferred embodiments together with the accompanying figures, in which the same reference indicators are used to designate the same elements. , and in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a modality of a phoropter / refractor system 100. Figure 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an electrophoretic phoropter / refractor system. 200. Figure 3 is a flow diagram of a practical conventional distribution sequence 300. Figure 4 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the distribution method 400. Figure 5 is a perspective view of a modality of the electroactive glasses 500. Figure 6 is a flowchart of a modality of prescription method 600. Figure 7 is a front view of a modality of a hybrid electroactive spectacle lens. Figure 8 is a sectional view of a modality of a hybrid electroactive spectacle lens 700 taken along the cut line AA of Figure 7. Figure 9 is a sectional view of a modality of an electroactive lens 900. , taken along the cutting line ZZ of Figure 5. Figure 10 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an electroactive lens system 1000. Figure 11 is a sectional view of a modality of an electroactive lens. diffractive 1100, taken along the cutting line ZZ of Figure 5. Figure 12 is a front view of a modality of an electroactive lens 1200. Figure 13 is a sectional view of a modality of the electroactive lens 1200 of FIG. Figure 12, taken along the line of cut QQ.

Figure 14 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tracking system 1400. Figure 15 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an electroactive lens system 1500. Figure 16 is a perspective view of a modality of a electroactive lens system 1600. Figure 17 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 1700. Figure 18 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 1800. Figure 19 is a perspective view of a embodiment of an electroactive refractive matrix 1900. Figure 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2000. Figure 21 is a perspective view of an embodiment of electroactive glasses 2100. Figure 22 is a front view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2200. Figure 23 is a front view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2300. Figure 24 is a front view of a modality of a lens. electroactive 2400. FIG. 25 is a sectional view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2500 taken along the Z-Z cut line of FIG. 5.

Figure 26 is a sectional view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2600 taken along the cut line ZZ of Figure 5. Figure 27 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the 2700 distribution method. 28 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2800. Figure 29 is a perspective view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 30 is a perspective view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 31 is a perspective view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 32 is a perspective view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 33 is an exploded view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 34 is an exploded view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention.

Figures 35a-35e illustrate the assembly steps that can be completed according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figures 36a-36e illustrate the assembly steps that can be completed according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figures 37a-37g illustrate assembly steps that can be completed according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 38 is an exploded perspective view of an integrated circuit scope finder and an integrated controller according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 39 is an exploded perspective view of an integrated controller battery and an integrated controller according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 40 is an exploded perspective view of a scope finder of the integrated controller according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 41 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accordance with still another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 42 is a perspective view of an optical lens system according to yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 43 is a perspective view of an optical lens system in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 44a is an exploded perspective view of an integrated power source, controller and scope finder according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 44b is a side section view of the integrated power source, the controller and scope finder of Figure 44a along the line Z-Z 'according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 45 is a side view of a scope finder transmitter of Figure 44b according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 46 is a side view of a range finder receiver of Figure 44b according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figures 47a-47c are side views of a user of an optical lens system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 48 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention.

Figure 49 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 50 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 51 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 52 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 53a is a front view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 53b is a side view of electroactive glasses according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 53c is a side view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 53d is a side view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 54 is a front view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 55 is a front view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 55a is a side view of electroactive glasses according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 55b is a side view of electroactive eyeglasses according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 55c is a side view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 56 is a side view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 57 is a front view of electroactive glasses according to an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description of Preferred Modalities In 1998, there were approximately 92 million eye exams performed in the United States alone. The vast majority of these exams involved a complete review or verification of the pathology of the eye, both internal and external, the analysis of muscle balance and binocularity, the measurement of the cornea and in many cases, the pupil, and finally, an examination refractive, which was objective and subjective. Refractive tests are performed to understand / diagnose the magnitude and type of refractive error in a person's eye. The types of refractive error that are actually capable of being diagnosed and measured are nearsightedness (ie, short vision), hyperopia (ie presbyopia), astigmatism (ie asymmetric cornea), and presbyopia. (that is, the inability to focus on nearby objects that is developed with age). Current refractors (phoropterous) try to correct the person's vision at a distance of 20/20 (ie, the normal value of perfect vision) and almost, in some cases, the vision of distance 20/15 can be achieved; however, this is by far the exception. It should be noted that the theoretical limit at which the retina of the person's eye can process and define vision is approximately 20/10. This is much better than the level of vision that is currently obtained by means of both the current refractors (phoropters, that is, the devices where the visual refraction test is performed) and the conventional spectacle lenses. What is missing from these conventional devices is the ability to detect, quantify and correct non-conventional refractive error, such as aberrations, irregular astigmatism or irregularities of the ocular layer. These aberrations, irregular astigmatism and / or irregularities of the ocular layer could be as a result of the visual system of a person or as a result of the aberrations caused by the conventional glasses or by a combination of both. Therefore, it would be extremely beneficial to have a means that can detect, quantify and correct the vision of a person as close to 20/10 or better, as possible. In addition, it would be beneficial to do this in a very efficient and user-friendly way. The present invention uses a new method to detect, quantify and correct a person's vision. The procedure involves several innovative modalities that use an electroactive lens. In addition, the invention employs a new method for the selection, distribution, activation and programming of electroactive glasses. For example, in an inventive embodiment, a new electrophoretic phoropter / refractor is used. This electrophoretic phoropter / refractor uses lens components of lesser distance than the phoropters of today and is a fraction of the total size and / or weight of the phoropters today. In fact, this exemplary embodiment consists only of a pair of electroactive lenses housed in a frame assembly that provides, either through its own structural design and / or through a network of conductive wires, the necessary electrical energy to allow the electroactive lenses to work properly. To assist with the understanding of certain embodiments of the invention, explanations of various terms are provided below. In some situations, these explanations are not necessarily intended to be limiting, but should be read in light of the examples, descriptions and claims provided in this document. An "electroactive zone" may include or may be included in a structure, layer and / or electroactive region. An "electroactive region" may be a portion and / or the entirety of an electroactive layer. An electroactive region may be adjacent to another electroactive region. An electroactive region can be linked to another electroactive region, either directly or indirectly, for example, with an isolator between each electroactive region. An "electroactive refractive matrix" is both an electroactive zone and an electroactive region and can be joined with another electroactive layer, either directly or indirectly, for example, with an isolator between each electroactive layer. A "bond" can include known methods of bonding, deposition, adhesion and other well-known methods of bonding. A "controller" may include or be included in a processor, a microprocessor, an integrated circuit, an IC, a computer integrated circuit and / or an integrated circuit. A "refractor" can include a controller. An "autoref actor" can include a frontal wave analyzer. The "near distance refractive error" may include the refractive error of presbyopia and other refractive errors necessary to be corrected by someone who observes clearly at close distance. An "intermediate distance refractive error" may include the degree of presbyopia necessary to correct an intermediate distance and any other refractive error necessary to be corrected by someone who observes clearly at an intermediate distance. The "distant distance refractive error" may include any refractive error necessary to be corrected by someone who clearly observes a distant distance. The "near distance" can be approximately 15.24 to 55.88 centimeters (6 to 22 inches), and more preferably, 35.56 to 45.72 centimeters (14 to 18 inches). The "intermediate near distance" can be approximately 55.88 centimeters (22 inches) to 1.52 meters (5 feet). The "intermediate far distance" could be approximately 1.52 to 4.57 meters (5 to 15 feet). The "far distance" could be any distance between approximately 4.57 meters (15 feet) and an infinite distance, and more preferably, an infinite distance. The "conventional refractive error" can include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and / or presbyopia. The "unconventional refractive error" may include irregular astigmatism, aberrations of the ocular system and any other refractive error not included in the conventional refractive error. The "optical refractive error" may include any of the aberrations associated with a lens optic. In certain modalities, some "glasses" may include a lens. In other modalities, "eyeglasses" may include more than one lens. A "multifocal" lens may include a bifocal, trifocal, quadrifocal lens and / or a progressive addition lens. A "finished" lens blank may include a lens blank having a finished optical surface. A "semi-finished" lens blank can include a lens blank that has, on one side only, a finished optical surface, and on the other side, a non-optical finished surface, the lens further needs modifications, such as, for example, the pre-polished and / or polished, so that a usable lens can be made. The "enlistment or surface finish" may include pre-polishing and / or polishing the excess material to finish an unfinished surface of a semi-finished lens blank. Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the electrophoretic phoropter / refractor system 100. The frames 110 contain the electroactive lens 120, which are connected by means of a network of conductive wires 130 with an electroactive lens controller 140 and with a 150 electric power source.

In certain embodiments, the pins or legs (not shown in Figure 1) of the frame 110 contain batteries or sources of electrical energy such as, for example, a micro-fuel cell. In other inventive embodiments, the leg or legs of the frame 110 have the necessary electrical components, so that a power cord is directly connected to an electrical outlet and / or the controller / programmer of the electroactive refractor 160. Still others In inventive embodiments, the electroactive lenses 120 are placed in a housing assembly that is suspended, so that someone could simply place the person's face in a suitable manner in order to look through the electroactive lenses while they are refracted. While the first inventive mode uses only one pair of electroactive lenses, in other certain inventive modalities, multiple electroactive lenses are used. In still other inventive embodiments, a combination of conventional lenses and electroactive lenses is used. Figure 2 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of an electroactive refractor system 200 including the housing assembly 210 containing at least one electroactive lens 220 and several conventional lenses, specifically, the diffractive lens 230, the prismatic lens 240 , the astigmatic lens 250 and the spherical lens 260. A network of conductive wires 270 connects the electroactive lens 220 to a source of electric power 275 and to a controller 280 that provides a prescription display 290. In each inventive embodiment, wherein they are By using multiple electroactive lenses and / or a combination of conventional and electroactive lenses, lenses can be used to test a person's vision in a sequence, one at a time, randomly and / or non-randomly. In other inventive embodiments, two or more lenses are aggregated together providing a power (the power is the reciprocal of the focal length of a lens) total corrective in front of each eye, as required. Electroactive lenses, which are used both in electrophoretic forpters and in electroactive glasses, are comprised of a construction, either hybrid and / or non-hybrid. In a hybrid construction, a conventional lens optic is combined with an electroactive zone. In a non-hybrid construction, no conventional lens optics are used. As discussed above, the invention differs from the current practice sequence of current distribution 300, which is shown as a flow diagram in Figure 3. As shown in steps 310 and 320, a traditional examination of the eye that Involves a conventional refractor is followed by obtaining the prescription of someone and taking this prescription in a dealer. Then, as shown in steps 330 and 340, in the distributor the frames and the lens of someone are selected. As shown in step 350 and 360, the lenses are fabricated, bevelled and assembled in the frames. Finally, in step 370, the new prescription glasses are distributed and received. As shown in the flow chart of Figure 4, in an example embodiment of an inventive dispensing method 400, in step 410, the electroactive glasses are selected by and for the user. In step 420, the frames are placed on the user. With the user wearing the electroactive goggles, in step 430, the electronic devices are regulated by the electrophoretic phoropter / refractor control system, which in most cases is operated by a professional and / or care technician. the eyes (an ophthalmologist or optometrist that is, eye specialists). However, in certain inventive modalities, the patient or user can actually operate the control system and in this way, can control the prescription of their own electroactive lenses. In other inventive modalities, both the patient / user as the professional and / or eye care technician work together with the controller. In step 440, the control system, whether operated by the professional, eye care technician and / or by the patient / user, is used to objectively or subjectively select the best correction prescription for the patient / user. Based on the selection of the appropriate prescription to correct the vision of the patient / user in its optimal correction, the eye care professional or technician then programs the electroactive glasses of the patient / user. In an inventive embodiment, the selected prescription is programmed in an electroactive eyeglass controller and / or one or more controller components, before the selected electroactive eyeglasses are disconnected from the electrophoretic phoropter / refractor controller. In other inventive modalities, the prescription is programmed into the selected electroactive glasses at a later time. In any case, the electroactive glasses are selected, placed, programmed and distributed in step 450 in a completely different sequence than conventional glasses are currently. This sequence allows for improved efficiencies in manufacturing, refraction and distribution. By means of this inventive method, the patient / user can literally select his glasses, wearing them while the vision test is taking place, and subsequently, they can be programmed for the correct prescription. In most cases, but not all, this is done before the patient / user leaves the examination chair, thus ensuring the complete accuracy of the manufacturing and programming of the patient's final prescription, as well as, the accuracy of the refraction of the eye itself. Finally, in this inventive modality, the patient can literally wear his electroactive glasses when he leaves the examination chair and also from the office of the eye care professional. It should be noted that other inventive modalities allow the electrophoretic phoropter / refractor to simply present or print the best corrected prescription of the patient or user, which is subsequently filled in the same way as in the past. Currently, the process involves taking a written prescription at a distributor location where electro-active eyeglasses (frames and lenses) are sold and distributed. Still in other inventive modalities, the prescription is sent electronically, for example, via the Internet, to a distribution position where the electroactive glasses (frames and lenses) are sold. In the case where the prescription is not filled at the point where the refraction of the eye is performed, in certain inventive modalities, an electroactive eyeglass controller, and / or one or more of the controller components, is programmed and installed in the Electroactive glasses, or it is directly programmed while it is installed in the electroactive glasses, next to the refraction. In the case where nothing is added in the electroactive glasses, the controller of the electroactive glasses, and / or one or more components of the controller, is an intricate construction part of the electroactive glasses and does not need to be added at a later time. Figure 27 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of another inventive distribution method 2700. In step 2710, the patient's vision is refracted using any method. In step 2720, the prescription for the patient is obtained. In step 2730 the electroactive glasses are selected. In step 2740, the electroactive glasses are programmed with the user's prescription. In stage 2750, electroactive glasses are distributed. Figure 5 is a perspective view of another inventive embodiment of electroactive glasses 500. In this illustrative example, frames 510 contain electroactive lenses 520 and 522, which are electrically coupled by connecting wires 530 to the eyeglass controller electroactive 540 and with a power source 550. The cutting line ZZ divides the electroactive generic lens 520. The controller 540 acts as the "brain" of the electroactive glasses 500 and may contain at least one processor component, at least one component of memory to store the instructions and / or data for a specific prescription and at least one input / output component, such as a port. The controller 540 can perform computing tasks, such as reading and writing in memory, calculating the stresses that will be applied to the individual grid elements based on the desired refractive indices, and / or can act as a local interface between the glasses of the patient / user and the associated equipment of the refractor / phoropter. In an inventive mode, the controller 540 is previously programmed by the eye care specialist or technician so as to meet the convergence and accommodating needs of the patient. In this embodiment, this prior programming is performed in the controller 540, while the controller 540 is located outside the patient's glasses, and subsequently, the controller 540 is inserted in the glasses after the examination. In an inventive mode, the controller 540 is of a "read only" type, supplying the voltage to the grid elements to obtain the necessary series of refractive indices in order to correct the vision of a specific distance. As the patient's prescription changes, a new 540 controller should be programmed and inserted into the glasses by the specialist. This controller would be from a class of ASIC's circuits, or the specific application integrated circuits, and its memory and processing commands would be printed permanently. In another inventive embodiment, the controller of the electroactive glasses could be originally programmed by the eye care specialist or technician when they are first distributed, and subsequently the same controller, or a component thereof, can be reprogrammed to provide a different correction as the patient's needs change. This electro-active eyeglass driver could be removed from the glasses, which is placed in the refractor controller / programmer (shown in Figures 1 and 2) and can be reprogrammed during the exam, or it can be reprogrammed in the place of origin by means of the refractor without the removal of the electroactive glasses. The controller of the electroactive glasses in this case could be, for example, an FPGA architecture class, that is, a serial architecture of field programmable gateways. In this inventive embodiment, the controller of the electroactive glasses could be permanently constructed in the eyeglasses and would only require an interface link with the refractor which sends the programming commands to the FPGA. Part of this link would be to include an external alternating current (AC) supply to the controller of the electroactive glasses that would be provided by an AC adapter embedded in the refractor / phoropter or in its controller / programmer unit. In another inventive embodiment, the electroactive glasses act as the refractor, and the external equipment operated by the eye care specialist or technician consists simply of a digital and / or analogous interface in the controller of the electroactive glasses. In this way, the controller of the electroactive glasses can also serve as the controller for the refractor / phoropter. In this modality, the necessary electronic processing devices are available to alter the series of grid voltages in the electroactive glasses and to reprogram the controller of the electroactive glasses with this data after the optimal correction for the user is empirically determined. In this case, the patient reviews the diagrams or graphs of the eye through their own electro-active glasses during the examination and could not realize that they are selecting the best corrective prescription, the controller in their electroactive glasses is being reprogrammed in a simultaneously electronic way . Another innovative modality uses an electronic autorefractor that can be used as a first stage and / or in combination with the electroactive refractors (shown in Figures 1 and 2) such as by way of example, but are not limited to the Humphreys Autorefractor and the Nikon Autorefractor, the autorefractor that has been developed or modified to provide feedback that is compatible and programmed for use with the electroactive lenses of the invention. This innovative modality is used to measure the refractive error of a person, while the patient or user is wearing their electroactive glasses. This feedback is entered automatically or manually into a controller and / or programmer, who then calibrates, programs or reprograms the controller of the electroactive glasses of the user / the person wearing them. In this innovative modality, a person's electroactive glasses can be recalibrated as necessary without requiring total eye examination or refraction of the eye.

In other certain inventive modalities, a person's vision correction is arranged by means of electro-active lenses of the person to a 20/20 vision. This is obtained in most cases by correcting the conventional refractive error of the person (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and / or presbyopia). In other certain inventive modalities, the unconventional refractive error such as aberrations, irregular astigmatism and / or irregularities of the ocular layer of the eye are measured and corrected, as well as, the conventional refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and / or presbyopia). In the inventive modalities, by means of which the aberrations, the irregular astigmatism and / or the irregularities of the ocular layer of the eye are corrected in addition to the conventional refractive error, the vision of the person can be corrected in many cases better than a vision of 20/20, such as 20/15, better of 20/15, of 20/10 and / or better of 20/10. This advantageous correction of the error is achieved by using the electroactive lenses in the glasses, in an effective manner, as an adaptive optics. Adaptive optics has been demonstrated and the use for many years corrects the atmospheric distortion in astronomical telescopes that are located in the earth, as well as the transmission of the laser through the atmosphere for communications and military applications. In these cases, segmented mirrors or "rubber" mirrors are normally used to make small corrections in the frontal wave of the image or the laser light wave. These mirrors are manipulated by mechanical actuators in most cases. Adaptive optics, which is applied to vision, is based on the active test of the ocular system with a beam of light, such as a laser safe for the eye, and measures the distortion of the frontal wave either from the reflection of the retina or the image created on the retina. This form of frontal wave analysis assumes a flat or spherical test wave and measures the distortion transmitted on this frontal wave by the ocular system. By comparing the initial frontal wave with a distorted wave, the expert examiner can determine which are the abnormalities in the ocular system and determine an adequate corrective prescription. There are several competing designs for frontal wave analyzers, however, the adaptation of the electroactive lenses described herein for use, whether in a transmissive or reflective spatial light modulator to perform this frontal wave analysis is included within the invention. . Examples of frontal wave analyzers are provided in U.S. Patent Nos. 5, 777,719 (Williams) and 5,949,521 (Williams), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. However, in certain embodiments of the present invention, small corrections or adjustments are made in the electroactive lenses, so that a wave of image light is transmitted by a series of grid of electrically excited pixels whose refractive index can be altered by accelerating or decreasing the speed of the light that passes through them through the alterable index. In this way, the electroactive lens becomes an adaptive optics, which can compensate for the spatial imperfection inherent in the optics of the eye itself in order to obtain an image almost free of aberration in the retina. In certain inventive embodiments, because the electroactive lens is completely two-dimensional, the fixed spatial aberrations caused by the optical system of the eye can be compensated for by incorporating a small index of refractive correction at the top of the needs of the eye. prescription correction of vision of the patient / user. In this way, the vision can be corrected to a better level than would be achieved with the common convergence and accommodation corrections, and in many cases, could originate a better vision of 20/20. In order to achieve this better 20/20 vision correction, the patient's eye aberrations can be measured, for example, by means of a modified autorefractor that uses a front wave sensor or analyzer that is designed specifically for measurements of aberration. Once ocular aberrations and other types of non-conventional refractive error have been determined both in magnitude and in spatial direction, the controller in the glasses can be programmed to incorporate second-dimensional changes in the refractive index that depend spatially for the purpose to compensate for these aberrations and other types of non-conventional refractive error in addition to the total correction of myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and / or astigmatism. In this way, the embodiments of the electroactive lens of the present invention can correct in an electroactive manner the aberrations of the eye system of the patient or created by the lens optics. In this way, for example, a certain power correction of -3.50 diopters could be required in a certain electroactive divergent lens in order to correct the myopia of the user. In this case, a series of different voltages, Vi ... VN / is applied to the M elements in the grid series to generate a series of different refractive indexes N2 ... NM, which provide the electroactive lens with a power -3.50 diopters. However, certain elements in the grid series could require up to more or less a change of 0.50 units in their Ni ... NM index to correct ocular aberrations and / or unconventional refractive error. The small deviations of tension that correspond with these changes are applied in the appropriate element of grid, in addition in the tensions of correction of myopia of base. In order to detect, quantify and / or correct as much as possible the non-conventional refractive error, such as irregular astigmatism, ocular refractive irregularities, such as, for example, the tear layer on the front of the cornea, irregularities watery from the front or rear of the cornea, vitreous irregularities of the front or rear of the particular lens or other aberrations caused by the ocular refractive system itself, the electroactive refractor / phoropter is used according to one embodiment of the inventive method of prescription 600 of Figure 6. In step 610, either a conventional refractor, an electroactive refractor having conventional and electroactive lenses, or an electroactive refractor having only electroactive lenses, or an autorefractor, is used to measure the refractive error of the person using conventional lens powers such as a minimum power (for perso myopic), an additional power (for hipéropes people) a cylindrical and shaft power (for people with astigmatism) and a prism power when necessary. Using this procedure, what is known today as the best visual acuity (BVA) of the patient by means of a conventional corrective refractive error will be achieved. However, certain embodiments of the invention allow to improve the vision of the person beyond what the conventional refractor / phoropter will achieve today. Therefore, step 610 provides further refinement of the person's prescription in an unconventional inventive mode. In step 610, the prescription, which achieves this end point, is programmed into the electroactive refractor. The patient is suitably placed to observe through the electroactive lenses that have an electroactive structure of multiple grids in a modified and compatible autorefractor or in a frontal wave analyzer, which accurately measures, in an automatic way, the refractive error. This measurement of the refractive error detects and quantifies as much as possible the non-conventional refractive errors. This measurement is taken through a small objective area that is approximately 4.29 mm from each electroactive lens, while automatically calculating the prescription needed to achieve the best focus on the fovea along the line of sight while the patient is observing through the target area of the electroactive lens. Once this measurement is made, this unconventional correction is stored in the memory of the controller / programmer for future use or is later programmed in the controller that regulates the electroactive lenses. Obviously, this is repeated for both eyes. In step 620, the patient or user could now in their choice of option use a control unit that will allow them to further refine the conventional correction of the refractive error, the unconventional correction of the refractive error, or a combination of both and therefore , the final prescription with your link or union. Alternatively or additionally, the eye care professional could refine it, until in some cases without further refinement it is performed. At this point, an improved BVA for the patient, better than any of the conventional techniques available, will be described. In step 630, any additional refined prescription is then programmed into the controller, which regulates the prescription of the electroactive lenses. In step 640, the programmed electroactive glasses are distributed. While the preceding steps 610-640 present a modality of an inventive method, depending on the judgment or procedure of the eye care professional, numerous different but similar procedures could be used to detect, quantify and / or correct the vision of the patient. person simply using electroactive refractors / phoropters or in combination with frontal wave analyzers. Any method, no matter in which sequence, which uses an electroactive refractor / phoropter to detect, quantify and / or correct a person's vision, either in conjunction with a frontal wave analyzer or not, is considered part of the invention. For example, in certain inventive embodiments, steps 610-640 could be performed either in a modified mode or even in a different sequence. In addition, in embodiments of other certain inventive methods, the objective lens area referred to in step 610 is within the range of about 3.0 to 8.0 millimeters in diameter. In still other inventive embodiments, the target area may be any approximately 2.0 millimeters in diameter to the total lens area. Although this discussion has focused more on refraction using various forms of electroactive lenses alone or in combination with frontal wave analyzers to perform the eye examination of the future, there is another possibility in which a new emerging technology could simply allow objective measurements, potentially eliminating, in this way, the need for a response or communicated interaction of the patient. Many of the inventive modalities described and / or claimed in this document are intended to work with any type of measurement system, be it objective, subjective or a combination of both. Next, by returning to the electroactive lens itself as discussed above, one embodiment of the present invention relates to an electroactive refractor / phoropter having a new electroactive lens, which may be of hybrid or non-hybrid construction. The term "hybrid construction" means a combination of a conventional single-vision or multifocal lens, at least with an electro-active zone located on the front surface, the rear surface and / or in the middle of the front and rear surfaces, the area consisting of an electroactive material that has the electroactive medium necessary to change the focus, electrically. In certain embodiments of the invention, the electroactive zone is specifically positioned either within the lens u or on the rear concave surface of the lens to protect it from scratches and other normal wear. In the modality where the electroactive zone is included as part of the frontal convex surface, in most cases a scratch resistant coating is applied. The combination of the conventional single-vision lens or a conventional multifocal lens and the electro-active zone provides the total lens power of the hybrid lens design. The term non-hybrid means a lens that is electroactive, by means of which mostly 100% of its refractive power is generated only by its electroactive nature. Figure 7 is a front view and Figure 8 is a sectional view taken along line AA of an embodiment of a hybrid lens of example electroactive glasses 700. In this illustrative example, the lens 700 includes an optical lens 710. Coupled with lens optics 710 is an electroactive refractive matrix 720, which may have one or more electroactive regions occupying all or a portion of the electroactive refractive matrix 720. Also bonded to lens optics 710 and at least partially surrounding the electroactive refractive matrix 720, the reinforcing layer 730 is located. The lens optic 710 includes an astigmatic power correction region 740 having an astigmatic axis AA rotated, only in this specific example, approximately 45 degrees in the direction of Turn the hands of the clock from the horizontal plane. Covering the electroactive refractive matrix 720 and the reinforcing layer 730 is an optional cover layer 750. As will be discussed further, the electroactive refractive matrix 720 may include a liquid crystal and / or a polymer gel. The electroactive refractive matrix 720 may also include an alignment layer, a metal layer, a conductive layer and / or an insulation layer. In an alternative embodiment, the astigmatic correction region 740 is eliminated, so that the lens optics 710 only corrects the power or sphere power. In another alternative embodiment, the lens optics 710 can correct either the far distance refractive error, the near distance and / or both, and any conventional refractive error, including spherical, cylindrical, prismatic, and / or aspherical errors (eg. say, imperfect spherical shape). The electroactive refractive matrix 720 can also correct near and / or unconventional refractive error such as aberrations. In other embodiments, the electroactive refractive matrix 720 can correct any type of conventional or non-conventional refractive error and the lens optics 710 can correct the conventional refractive error. It has been found that an electroactive lens, having a hybrid construction method, has certain different advantages with respect to the advantages of a non-hybrid lens. These advantages are lower needs for electrical power, a smaller size of the battery, a longer expectation of battery life, less complex electrical circuits, a smaller number of conductors, a smaller number of insulators, lower costs of manufacturing, the increase in optical transparency and the increase in structural integrity. However, it should be noted that non-hybrid electroactive lenses have their own set of advantages, including manufacturing with reduced thickness and mass. It has also been discovered, that in the non-hybrid modality and in some modalities, the total hybrid field procedure and the partial hybrid field procedure, will allow the mass manufacture of a very limited number of Inventory Maintenance Units (SKUs) when for example, the electroactive structural design used is an electroactive multi-grid structure. In this case, it would only be necessary when the mass manufacturing is mainly focused on a limited number of differentiated characteristics such as the curvature and the size of the user's anatomical compatibility. To understand the meaning of this improvement. , the number of traditional lens primordia that are necessary to address most prescriptions must be understood. Approximately 95% of the corrective prescriptions include a sphere power correction within a range of -6.00 to +6.00 diopters, in 0.25 diopter increments. Based on this interval, there are approximately 49 commonly prescribed sphere powers. Outside of these prescriptions that include an astigmatic correction, approximately 95% falls within the range of -4.00 to +4.00 diopters, in increments of 0.25 diopters. Based on this interval, there are approximately 33 commonly prescribed powers of astigmatism (or cylinder power). Because astigmatism has an axis component, however, there are approximately 360 degrees of astigmatic axis orientations, which are commonly prescribed in increments of 1 degree. Therefore, there are 360 different prescriptions of the astigmatic axis. In addition, many prescriptions include a bifocal component to correct presbyopia. Apart from these presbyopic prescriptions, approximately 95% falls within the range of +1.00 to +3.00 diopters, in increments of 0.25 diopters, resulting in approximately 9 commonly prescribed presbyopic increases. Because some embodiments of the invention can provide spherical, cylindrical, shaft and presyopic corrections, a non-hybrid electroactive lens can serve the 5,239,080 different prescriptions (= 49 x 33 x 360 x 9). In this way, a non-hybrid electroactive lens can eliminate the need for mass manufacture and / or inventory of numerous lens priming SKUs and of possibly greater importance, it can eliminate the need for pre-polishing and polishing of each primer. lens for a particular patient prescription. To count the different lens curvatures that might be necessary to accommodate anatomical points such as the shape of the face, the length of the eyelash, etc. in some ways more than one non-hybrid electroactive lens SKU could be mass-produced and / or stored. However, the number of SKUs could be reduced from millions to approximately five or less. In the case of the hybrid electroactive lens, it has been found that by correcting conventional refractive error with lens optics and using a mostly centered electroactive layer, it is also possible to reduce the number of SKUs needed. With reference to Figure 7, the lens 700 can be rotated as required to place an astigmatic axis A-A in the required position. In this way, the number of primordia of the hybrid lens that are necessary, can be reduced by a factor of 360. In addition, the electroactive zone of the hybrid lens can provide presbyopic correction, which reduces by a factor of 9 the number necessary of lens primordia. Therefore, a hybrid electroactive lens modality can reduce from more than 5 million to 1619 (= 49 x 33) the necessary number of lens primordia. Because it may be reasonably possible to mass manufacture and / or store this number of hybrid lens blank SKUs, the need for pre-polishing and polishing could be eliminated. However, the pre-polishing and polishing of hybrid lens semi-finished primordia in finished primordia of the lens remains a possibility. Figure 28 is a perspective view of a modality of a semi-finished lens blank 2800. In this embodiment, the semi-finished lens blank 2800 has a lens optics 2810 with a finished surface 2820, an unfinished surface 2830 and a refractive matrix partial field electroactive 2840. In another embodiment, the semi-finished lens blank 2800 may have an electroactive full field layer. In addition, the electroactive structure of the semi-finished lens blank 2800 can be a single or multiple interconnect grid. further, the semi-finished lens blank 2800 may have refractive and / or diffractive characteristics. In any hybrid or non-hybrid modality of the electroactive lens, a significant number of necessary correction prescriptions can be created and adapted by the electroactive lens, which can be adjusted and regulated by a controller that has been adapted and / or programmed for the needs specific prescription of the patient. Therefore, the millions of prescriptions and numerous lens styles, single-vision lens primordia, as well as the numerous multifocal semi-laser primordia could no longer be required. In fact, most lens and frame manufacturing and distribution operations, as we know them, could be revolutionized. It should be noted that the invention includes both non-hybrid electroactive lenses, as well as full-field and partial-specific hybrid electroactive lenses that are pre-fabricated electronic goggles (the frame and / or lenses) or are electronic goggles adapted at the time of delivery to the patient or client. In the case that the glasses are previously manufactured and assembled, both frames and lenses are previously made with lenses already beveled and placed in the frames of the glasses. Also considered as being part of the invention, is the controller capable of being programmed and reprogrammed, as well as the mass production of frames and lenses that have the necessary electrical components that can be prefabricated and sent to the site or some other site of the eye care professional, either for the installation, for example, of a programmed controller and / or one or more components of the controller due to the prescription of the patient.

In certain cases, the controller, and / or one or more components of the controller, may be part of the premanufactured frame assembly and electroactive lenses and subsequently, it may be programmed either on the site or in another site of the care professional. eyes The controller, and / or one or more components of the controller, may be in the form of, for example, an integrated circuit or a thin film and may be housed in the frame, on the frame, on the lens, or on the lens. eyeglasses. The controller, and / or one or more controller components, can be reprogrammed or not reprogrammed based on the business strategy that will be implemented. In the case where the controller, and / or one or more components of the controller, can be reprogrammed, this will allow the repeated updating of the prescriptions of the person, provided that the patient or client is happy with their spectacle frames. , as well as the cosmetic appearance and functionality of electroactive lenses. In the case of the latter situation, the non-hybrid and hybrid electroactive lens modalities just described, the lenses must be structurally sound tested in a manner sufficient to protect the eye from injury of a foreign object. In the United States, most eyeglass lenses must pass a required impact test called the FDA. In order to meet these requirements, it is important that a support structure be constructed in or on the lens. In the case of the hybrid type, this is achieved for example, using either a single vision lens with or without a prescription or a multifocal lens optic as a structural basis. For example, the structural basis for the hybrid type can be made of polycarbonate. In the case of the non-hybrid lens, in certain embodiments, the selected electroactive material and thickness count for this necessary structure. In other embodiments, the base or carrier substrate without prescription on which the electroactive material is placed counts for this necessary protection. When electroactive zones are used in spectacle lenses in certain hybrid designs, it may be essential to maintain proper distance correction when an energy break occurs in the lenses. In the case of a battery or connection failure, in some situations it could be disastrous if the user were driving a car or were piloting an airplane and its distance correction was lost. To avoid this type of event, the inventive design of the electro-active eyeglass lenses can provide the distance correction that will be maintained when the electroactive zones are in the OFF position (ie, the inactive or no power state). In one embodiment of this invention, this can be achieved by providing distance correction with a conventional optical device of fixed focal length, either of the refractive or diffractive hybrid type. Therefore, any additional energy is provided by the electroactive zone (s). Therefore, there is a safe failure of the electro-active system because conventional lens optics will preserve the correctness of the user's distance. Figure 9 is a side view of an example embodiment of another electroactive lens 900 having a lens optic 910 which is an index coupled with an electroactive refractive matrix 920. In this illustrative example the diverging lens optics 910 has a Refractive index, nlr provides the distance correction. Coupled with the lens optics 910 is the electroactive refractive matrix 920, which may have a non-activated state, and a number of activated states. When the electroactive refractive matrix 920 is in its non-activated state, does it have a refractive index ¾, which is approximately combined with the refractive index?, of the lens optics 910. More precisely, when the matrix is deactivated, n2 is within 0.05 refractive units of ni. Surrounding the electroactive refractive matrix 920 is the reinforcing layer 930 having a refractive index, n3, which is also approximately combined with the refractive index, nor, of the lens optics 910 within 0.05 refractive units of n. Figure 10 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of another electroactive lens system 1000. In this illustrative example, the electroactive lens 1010 includes a lens optics 1040 and an electroactive refractive matrix 1050. A range search transmitter 1020 is located on the electroactive refractive matrix 1050. Likewise, a range search detector / receiver 1030 is located on the electroactive refractive matrix 1050. In an alternative embodiment, either the transmitter 1020 or the receiver 1030 can be located in the electroactive refractive matrix. 1050. In other alternative embodiments, either the transmitter 1020 or the receiver 1030 may be located in or on the lens optic 1040. In other embodiments, either the transmitter 1020 or the receiver 1030 may be located on the outer cover layer 1060. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the transmitter 1020 and the receiver 1030 can be placed on any combination of the precedents. Figure 11 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a diffractive electroactive lens 1100. In this illustrative example, lens optics 1110 provides distance correction. The attack on a surface of the lens optic 1110 is the diffractive pattern 1120, which has a refractive index, n.sub.l. Coupled with the lens optic 1110 and covering the diffractive pattern 1120 is the electroactive refractive matrix 1130, which has a refractive index, n.sub.2, which approximates n.sub.l when the electroactive refractive matrix 1130 it is in its non-activated state. Also attached to the lens optics 1110, is the reinforcing layer 1140 which is constructed of a material largely identical to the lens optics 1110, and which at least partially surrounds the electroactive refractive matrix 1130. A cover 1150 is bonded to the electroactive refractive matrix 1130 and reinforcing layer 1140. Reinforcement layer 1140 may also be an extension of lens optics 1110, in which no current layer is added, however, lens optics 1110 is manufactured so that reinforce or circumscribe the electroactive refractive matrix 1130. Figure 12 is a front view, and Figure 13 is a side view, of an example embodiment of an electroactive lens 1200 having a multifocal lens 1210 attached to the electroactive reinforcing layer 1220 In this illustrative example, multifocal optics 1210 is a progressive addition lens design. Further, in this illustrative example, the multifocal optics 1210 includes a first optical refractive focus area 1212 and a second progressive refractive optical refractive focus zone 1214. Attached to the multifocal optics 1210 is the electroactive backing layer 1220 which it has an electroactive region 1222 which is located on the second optical refractive focus zone 1214. A cover layer 1230 is joined to the electroactive reinforcing layer 1220. It should be noted that the reinforcing layer can be either electroactive or non-electroactive . When the reinforcing layer is electroactive, an insulation material is used to enclose the activated region of the non-activated region. In most of the inventive cases, although not all, in order to program the electroactive glasses to correct the vision of a person in its optimum degree, correcting in this way the non-conventional refractive error, it is necessary to trace the visual line of each eye by tracking the movements of the patient's or user's eye. Figure 14 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a tracking system 1400. The frames 1410 contain the electroactive lens 1420. Attached to the back side of the electroactive lens 1420 (which is the side closest to the user's eyes)., also referred to as the "near side"), are signal tracking sources 1430, such as light-emitting diodes. Also connected to the back side of the electroactive lens 1420 are the signal tracking receivers 1440, such as light reflection sensors. The receivers 1440, and possibly the sources 1430, are connected to a controller (not shown) that includes in its memory instructions that activate the tracking. The use of this procedure is possible to position the ascending, descending movements to the right, to the left of the eye and any of the variations thereof with great precision. This is necessary since certain, but not all, types of non-conventional refractive error need to be corrected and isolated within the line of sight of the person (for example, in the case of an irregularity or specific protrusion of the cornea that travels to as the eye also moves). In various alternative embodiments, the sources 1430 and / or the receivers 1440 can be attached to the rear side of the frames 1410, they can be embedded in the rear side of the frames 1410 and / or they can be embedded in the rear side of the lenses 1420. An important portion of any eyeglass lens, which includes the electro eyeglass lens, is the portion used to produce the brightest image quality within the user's field of view. While a healthy person can see approximately 90 degrees on each side, the brightest visual acuity is located within a smaller visual field, which corresponds to the portion of the retina with the best visual acuity. This region of the retina is known as the fovea and is approximately a circular region that measures 0.40 mm in diameter on the retina. In addition, the eye imagines the scene through the total diameter of the pupil, so that the diameter of the pupil will also affect the size of the most critical portion of the spectacle lens. The critical region that originates from the spectacle lens is simply the sum of the diameter of the pupil diameter of the eye added with the projection of the visual field of the fovea on the lens of the glasses. The common range for the diameter of the pupil of the eye is 3.0 to 5.5 mm, with a more common value of 4.0 mm. The average diameter of the fovea is approximately 0.4 mm. The common range for the size of the projected dimension of the fovea on the spectacle lens is affected by parameters such as the length of the eye, the distance from the eye to the lens of the glasses, and so on. The tracking system of this specific inventive modality then locates the regions of the electroactive lens that correlate with the movements of the eye relative to the foveal region of the patient's retina. This is important since the software of the invention is programmed to always correct the non-conventional refractive error that can be arranged as the eye moves. In this way, it is necessary in the. most of the inventive modalities, although not all, than the correction of the non-conventional refractive error to electroactively alter the area of the lens in which the visual line is passing through, the eyes that remain fixed in their objective or stare. In other words, in this specific inventive modality, the vast majority of the electroactive lens corrects the conventional refractive error and as the eye moves, the focus of the target electroactive area is also moved by means of the tracking system and the software corrects the Non-conventional refractive error taking into account the angle at which the line of sight intersects different sections of the lens and divides it into the final prescription for this specific area. In most, but not all, of the inventive modalities, the tracking system and software activation are used to correct a person's vision to its maximum, while it observes or keeps its gaze fixed on distant objects. When observed at close points, the tracking system, if used, is used both to calculate the range of approach of the near point in order to correct the accommodation of the person and the approach needs of the near convergence or intermediate range . Obviously, this is programmed into the controller of the electroactive glasses, and / or one or more of the components of the controller, as part of the prescription of the patient or users. In still other inventive modalities, a search and / or range tracking system is incorporated in the lenses and / or frames. It should be noted that in other inventive modalities, such as those that correct certain types of non-conventional refractive error, for example, irregular astigmatism, in most but not all cases, electroactive lenses do not require tracking of the patient's or user's eye. . In this case, the entire electroactive lens is programmed to correct this, as well as the other conventional refractive error of the patient. Also, since the aberrations are directly related to the distance of vision, it has been discovered that they can be corrected in relation to the distance of vision. That is, once the aberrations or aberrations have been measured, it is possible to correct these aberrations in the electroactive refractive matrix by means of the segregation of the electroactive regions to correct in an electroactive way the aberrations of specific distances such as distant vision, distant intermediate vision, intermediate near vision and / or near vision. For example, the electroactive lens can be segregated in a distant vision, in an intermediate distant vision, in an intermediate near vision and in corrective zones of near vision, each software controls each zone causing the zone to correct these aberrations that impact the corresponding distance of vision. Therefore, in this specific inventive modality, where the electroactive refractive matrix is segregated for different distances, whereby each segregated region corrects the specific aberrations of a specific distance, it is also possible to correct the non-refractive error without a system of follow up. Finally, it should be noted that in another inventive modality, it is possible to achieve the correction of non-conventional refractive error, such as that which is caused by the aberrations, without physically separating the electroactive regions and without a tracking system. In this modality, using the viewing distance as an input, the software adjusts the focus of a given electroactive area to account for the necessary correction of an aberration that otherwise impacted vision at the distance of vision provided. Furthermore, it has been discovered that a hybrid or non-hybrid electroactive lens can be designed so as to have a total field or partial field effect. The term total field effect means that the electroactive refractive matrix or the layers cover the vast majority of the lens region without a spectacle frame. In the case of a total field, the total electroactive area can be adjusted to the desired increase or power. Likewise, a total field electroactive lens can be adjusted to provide a partial field. However, a specific design of the partial field electroactive lens can not be adjusted in a total field, because the necessary circuits to make the partial field specific. In the case of a total field lens set to become a partial field lens, a partial section of the electroactive lens can be adjusted to the desired power. Figure 15 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of another electroactive lens system 1500. The frames 1510 contain the electroactive lenses 1520, which have a partial field 1530. For comparison purposes, Figure 16 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of yet another electroactive lens system 1600. In this illustrative example, the frames 1610 contain the electroactive lenses 1620, which have a total field 1630. In certain inventive modalities, the multifocal electroactive optics is previously manufactured and in some cases, due to the significantly reduced number of SKUs that are required, they are even inventoried in the distribution positions as a finished primordium. of electroactive raultifocal lens. This inventive modality allows the distribution site to only perform the placement and beveling of the inventoried multifocal electroactive lens primordia in the frames that activate the electronic devices. While in most cases this invention could be a partial-field type electroactive lens, it should be understood that this would also work for full-field electroactive lenses. In a hybrid embodiment of the invention, a conventional single vision lens optic is an aspheric design or design of a non-aspherical shape having a toric surface for correction of astigmatism and a spherical surface is used to provide the magnification or distance power needed. If astigmatic correction was necessary, the proper optics of the single vision lens would increase and rotate the proper position of the astigmatic axis. Once this is done, the single-vision lens optics could be beveled to the style and size of eyeglass frame. Next, the electroactive refractive matrix could be applied over the single-vision lens optics or the electroactive refractive matrix could be applied before beveling and the entire lens unit could be subsequently beveled. It should be noted that, for beveling by means of which the electroactive refractive matrix is fixed in the lens optics, be it a single-vision or multifocal electro-active optic, before beveling, an electroactive material such as a polymer gel could be advantageous with respect to a liquid crystal material. The electroactive refractive matrix can be applied in compatible lens optics by means of various technologies known in the art. Optical lens optics are optical devices whose curves and surfaces will accept the electroactive refractive matrix in an appropriate manner from the point of view of the union, aesthetics and / or adequate power of the final lens. For example, adhesives can be used by applying the adhesive directly on the optics of the lens and placing it below the electroactive layer. Also, the electroactive refractive matrix can be manufactured so that it is joined with a release film, in which case, it can be removed and can be reattached in an adhesive manner with the lens optics. It can also be joined with a two-way film carrier of which the carrier itself is adhesively bonded to the lens optics. In addition, it can be applied using a surface molding technique, in which case, the electroactive refractive matrix is created in the workplace. In the aforementioned hybrid embodiment, see Figure 12, a combination of a static and non-static procedure is used to satisfy the vision needs of the midpoint and near of a person, a progressive multifocal lens 1210 having the correct correction of distance required and which has, for example, approximately a diopter of +1.00 (or "D") of almost total additional power is used instead of a single-vision lens optic. During the use of this mode, the electroactive refractive matrix 1220 can be placed on either side of the multifocal progressive lens optic, as well as it can also be buried inside the lens optics. This electroactive refractive matrix is used to provide additional added power. When a lower additional power is used in the lens optics that is required by the total multifocal lens, the final additional power is the total additive power of the lower multifocal aggregate and the additional required near power that is generated by the electroactive layer. For example, only if the multifocal progressive additional lens optic had an aggregate power of +1.00 and the electroactive refractive matrix could create a close power of +1.00, the total close power for the hybrid electroactive lens would be + 2.0D. Using this procedure, it is possible to significantly reduce the perceived unwanted distortions of multifocal lenses, specifically, progressive addition lenses. In certain hybrid electroactive modalities, by means of which a multifocal progressive additional lens optic is used, the electroactive refractive matrix is employed to subtract unwanted astigmatism. This is achieved by substantially reducing or reducing the unwanted astigmatism through an increase in neutralization compensation created in an electroactive manner simply in the areas of the lens where the unwanted astigmatism exists. In certain inventive embodiments, decentering of the partial field is necessary. When applying a partial-field electroactive refractive decentered matrix, it is necessary to align the electroactive refractive matrix in such a way as to accommodate the proper position of the astigmatic axis of the single vision lens optic in a way that allows correction of the person's astigmatism, if it exists, as well as the positioning of the electronic field of variable energy in the right position for the eyes of the person. Also, it is necessary that the partial field design can align the position of the partial field so as to allow the proper placement of the off-center with respect to the patient's pupillary needs.

In addition, it has been discovered that unlike conventional lenses, where the bifocal, multifocal or progressive bifocal regions are always placed so that they are always below the person's fixed distance vision, the use of a lens Electroactive allows certain manufacturing freedoms that are not available in conventional multifocal lenses. Therefore, in some embodiments of the invention, the electroactive region is located where the distant, intermediate and near vision regions of the conventional non-electroactive multifocal lens would normally be located. For example, the electroactive region can be positioned above the meridian 180 of the lens optics, thereby allowing the multifocal near vision zone to be occasionally provided above the meridian 180 of the lens optics. The provision of the near vision area above the meridian 180 of the lens optics can be especially useful for those eyeglass wearers working at distances close to an object directly in front of or above the wearer's head, such as persons who work with a computer monitor or who put picture frames above the head. In the case of a non-hybrid electroactive lens or both a full-field hybrid lens and, for example, a partial-field hybrid lens of 35 mm in diameter, the electroactive layer as noted above can be directly applied to the optics of the single-vision lens or can be premanufactured with a lens optic that creates finished primers of electro-active muitifocal lens, or the multifocal progressive lens optics, before beveling the lens in the shape of the lens mount of the frame. This allows a previous assembly of the electroactive lens primordia, as well as having the capacity of a finished inventory warehouse, although without electrode lens bevelled primordia, thus allowing the manufacture of glasses in the required time or just time in any distribution channel, which includes the offices of the doctor or ophthalmologist. This will allow all the optical distributors to be able to offer a fast service with minimum needs of expensive manufacturing equipment. This benefits manufacturers, retailers and their patients, that is, consumers. Considering the size of the partial field, it has been shown for example, in an inventive embodiment, that the specific partial field region could be of a centered or off-centered round design with a diameter of 35 mm. It should be noted that the diameter size may vary depending on the needs. In certain inventive embodiments, round diameters of 22, 28, 30 and 36 mm are used.

The size of the partial field may be a function of the structure of the electroactive refractive matrix and / or the electroactive field. At least two of these structures are contemplated within the scope of the present invention, namely, a single interconnected electroactive structure and an electroactive multiple grid structure. Figure 17 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 1700 having a unique interconnection structure. The lens 1700 includes a lens optic 1710 and an electroactive refractive matrix 1720. Within the electroactive refractive matrix 1720, an isolator 1730 separates an activated partial field 1740 from an activated booster field (or region) 1750. A single wire interconnection or driving strip 1760 connects the activated field with a power supply and / or controller. It is noted that in most, if not all, modes, a single interconnection structure has a single pair of electrical conductors that is coupled with a source of electrical power. Figure 18 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 1800 having a multi-grid structure. The lens 1800 includes a lens optics 1810 and an electroactive refractive matrix 1820. Within the electroactive refractive matrix 1820, an isolator 1830 separates an activated partial field 1840 from a non-activated reinforcement field (or region) 1850. A plurality of wire interconnects 1860 couples the activated field with an electrical power supply and / or controller. When the smaller diameters are used for the partial field, it has been found that the differential of the electroactive thickness from the edge to the center of the partial field specific region can be minimized when a single interconnected electroactive structure is used. This has a very positive role in minimizing electrical power needs, as well as the required number of electroactive layers, especially for the single interconnection structure. This is not always the case for the specific region of partial field, by means of which it uses an electroactive structure of multiple grids. When a single-interconnected electroactive structure is used, in many, but not all, inventive embodiments, single-interconnect electroactive multiple structures are layered in or on the lens in a manner that allows multiple electroactive layers to create, for example. , an increase or combined electroactive total power of + 2.50D. In this inventive example, only five single interconnect layers of + 0.50D could be placed one on top of the other separated only in most cases, by layers of insulation. In this mode, adequate electrical power can create the necessary change in the refractive index for each layer by minimizing the electrical needs of a single thick layer of interconnection, which in some cases would be impractical to feed with energy. Furthermore, it should be pointed out in the invention, that certain embodiments having multiple electroactive layers of single interconnection, can be energized in a programmed sequence so as to allow the person to have the ability to focus with respect to a range of distances. For example, two electroactive layers of unique + 0.50D interconnection could be energized, creating an intermediate approach of + 1.00D to allow a presbyopia of + 2.00D to observe at a distance from the tip of the finger and subsequently, two additional electroactive layers of + 0.50D single interconnect could be energized to provide presbyopia of + 2.00D in order to have the ability to read as close as 40.64 centimeters (16 inches). It should be understood that the exact number of electroactive layers, as well as the increase or power of each layer, can vary depending on the optical design, as well as the total power needed to cover a specific range of near and intermediate vision distances. for a specific presbyopia. In addition, in certain other inventive embodiments, a combination of one or more single-interconnect electroactive layers are present in the lens in combination with an electro-active multi-grid structural layer. Again, this provides the ability to focus for a range of intermediate and near distances assuming the appropriate programming. Finally, in other inventive embodiments, only one electro-active structure of multiple grids is used in either a hybrid or non-hybrid lens. In any case, the electroactive structure of multiple grids in combination with a properly programmed electroactive eyeglass controller, and / or one or more controller components, would allow the ability to focus with respect to a wide range of intermediate and close distances. Also, semi-finished primers of electroactive lens that would allow surface finishing are also within the scope of the invention. In this case, any of a central-field, decentralized partial-field electroactive refractive matrix incorporated with the primordium, or a total field electroactive refractive matrix is incorporated with the primordium and subsequently provided with a surface finish for the correct prescription required. In certain modalities, the electroactive field of variable power is located with respect to the whole lens and adjusts as a constant change of spherical power with respect to the total surface of the lens to accommodate the near vision focus needs of the person's work. In other embodiments, the variable power field is adjusted with respect to the entire lens as a constant change of spherical power while at the same time creating an aspherical peripheral power effect in order to reduce distortion and aberrations. In some of the modalities mentioned above, the distance power is corrected by means of the multifocal lens, single vision, or the multifocal progressive lens optics. The electroactive optical layer mainly corrects the focusing needs of the working distance. It should be noted that this is not always the case. It is possible, in some cases, to use either a single-vision multifocal ended lens optic or a multifocal progressive lens optic only for the spherical distance power and to correct the power of the working near vision and the astigmatism through the electroactive refractive matrix or by using the optics of the single-vision or multifocal lens to correct only the astigmatism and to correct the sphere power and the increase in close working vision through the electroactive layer. Likewise, it is possible to use a single-vision soft multifocal lens optics or a progressive multifocal lens optics and correct the spherical power distance and astigmatism needs by means of the electroactive layer. It should be noted that with the invention, the necessary power correction, be it a prismatic, spherical or aspherical power, as well as the total distance power needs, the medium power power requirements and the near point power needs, they can be achieved by any number of additive power components. These include the use of a multifocal or single-vision lens optic that provides all the spherical distance power needs, some spherical distance power requirements, all astigmatic power needs, some of the astigmatic power needs , all prismatic power needs, some of the prismatic power needs or any combination of the above when mixed with the electroactive layer, will provide the person's total approach needs. It has been discovered that the electroactive refractive matrix allows the use of techniques similar to adaptive optical correction to maximize the person's vision through their electroactive lenses either before or after the final fabrication. This can be achieved by allowing the intended patient or user to observe through the lens or electroactive lenses and to perform the adjustment themselves manually, or by means of a specially designed automatic refractor that will almost instantaneously measure the conventional refractive error and / or unconventional and will make the correction of any remaining refractive error whether spherical, astigmatic, aberrations, etc. This technique will allow the user to get a 20/10 vision or better vision in many cases. Furthermore, it should be noted that in certain embodiments, a Fresnell power or surge lens layer is used in conjunction with the multifocal or multi-focal multifocal lens optic or optic, as well as the electroactive layer. For example: the Fresnell layer is used to provide a spherical power and thereby reduces the thickness of the lens, the optics of the single vision lens corrects the astigmatism and the electroactive refractive matrix corrects the needs of intermediate and near distance focusing. As discussed previously, in another modality, a diffractive optics is used together with the optics of the single vision lens and the electroactive layer. In this procedure, the diffractive optics, which provide the additional focus correction, further reduces the need for electrical power, electrical circuits and thickness of the electroactive layer. Again, the combination of any two or more of the following can be used in an additive mode to provide the total additive power necessary for the correction power needs of the person's glasses. These are a Fresnell layer, a single or multifocal vision lens optic either conventional or non-conventional, a diffractive optical layer, and a matrix or electroactive refractive layers. In addition, it is possible through a chemical etching process to transmit a form and / or effect of a diffractive or Fresnell layer on the electroactive material to create a non-hybrid or hybrid electroactive optics having a diffractive or fresnell component. Also, it is possible to use the electroactive lens to create not only a conventional magnification or lens power, but also a prismatic power. It has also been found that the use of either a 22-mm or 35-mm round-centered hybrid partial-field specific electroactive lens design or an off-center hybrid electroactive partial field design that can be adjusted approximately to a diameter of 30 mm is possible to minimize the needs of electric power circuits, battery life and battery size, reducing manufacturing costs and improving the optical transparency of the final lens of electroactive glasses.

In an inventive embodiment, the partial field specific electroactive decentral lens is positioned so that the optical center of this field is approximately 5 mm below the optical center of the single vision lens, while at the same time having the electroactive partial field of close distance, of work that is decentralized in nasal or temporal form to satisfy the distance the correct pupilarity of the patient of scope of work, from a close distance to close intermediate and close intermediate to distant intermediate. It should be noted that this design procedure is not limited to a circular design, but could be virtually any form that would allow the proper area of the electroactive visual field for the person's vision needs. For example, the design could be oval, rectangular, square, octagonal, partially curved, etc. What is important is the proper placement of the viewing area, either for the specific designs of partial hybrid field or for the total hybrid field designs that have the ability to achieve partial fields, as well as for the total field designs not hybrid that also have the ability to get partial fields. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 53a, the electroactive zone may be vertically off-center, such that a pupil 5310 is in or near the top of the near vision zone 5320 when the lens is worn. for a patient. A lens in this configuration can be advantageous by requiring only a slight movement of the eye or head to observe the items through zone 5330, which could provide either a near or intermediate far vision correction or both. A patient may also have access to a near vision for reading without the need or only a slight need for the downward movement of the eye. In yet another exemplary embodiment the electroactive zone can be horizontally off-center as shown in Figure 53b. In this embodiment, the near vision zone 5320 and an intermediate vision zone 5330, which could be intermediate near or far in between, are off-centered in the nasal form as shown for a patient's right eye as seen when looking towards the patient. patient. Nasal decentering may allow a natural inward rotation of the eye that occurs during reading tasks. In this modality, nasal decentration is approximately 2 mm, although this distance is only by way of example and could vary depending on the patient. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the off-center electroactive zone, the electroactive zones 5320 and 5330 can be off-centered in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction as shown in Figure 53c. This example mode could provide access to a near intermediate and far intermediate vision without much or no movement of the head or eye, while at the same time taking into account the natural rotation into the eye during the reading tasks. Still another example modality is shown in Figure 53d. This embodiment demonstrates the off-centering of the electroactive zones 5320 and 5330 to place the pupil 5310 outside the limits of the near vision zone 5320 and within the 5330 zone. This modality provides access to a near intermediate or distant intermediate vision without any movement of the head or eye to directly visualize the objects in the front of the pupil, such as the visualization, for example, of a computer monitor. The patient who uses the lens of this modality could still have access to the near vision zone for reading through a light movement of the eye or head. It should be appreciated that these modalities are only by way of example and could be varied, for example, according to the patient's habits or vision needs. Other placements of the electroactive zones with respect to the patient's pupil are easily created and fall within the scope of this invention. In the same way, the electroactive zones can be decentralized independently by different amounts. In the same way, it is possible to completely rotate the nearby area during the intermediate near and far intermediate tasks, so that the placement of the pupil with respect to the intermediate vision is less critical, because the total area of the 5330 area and 5320 may possess only a near or intermediate intermediate gain or power. However, in modalities where it may be desirable to have a near vision and an intermediate near vision or an intermediate far vision, so that they are available simultaneously, the placement of the pupil within the electroactive zone will need to be chosen carefully. based on the considerations described above to maximize the operation of the glasses. It has been discovered that the electroactive refractive matrix is used in many cases (though not all) with an irregular thickness. That is, the surrounding metallic and conductive layers are not in parallel and the thickness of the gel polymer has a variation that creates a convergent or divergent lens shape. It is possible to employ an electroactive refractive matrix of non-uniform thickness in a non-hybrid mode or in a hybrid mode with a single-vision or multifocal lens optic. This presents a wide variety of adjustable lens powers through various combinations of these fixed and electrically adjustable lenses. In some inventive embodiments, the single-interconnected electroactive refractive matrix uses non-parallel sides creating a non-uniform thickness of the electroactive structure. However, in most, but not all, inventive embodiments, the electroactive structure of multiple grids utilizes a parallel structure that creates a uniform thickness of the electroactive structure. To illustrate some of the possibilities, a converging single vision lens optic could be linked with a convergent electroactive lens in order to create a hybrid lens assembly. Depending on the material used in the electroactive lens, the electrical voltage could increase or decrease the refractive index. The adjustment of the voltage increase to reduce the refractive index would change the final power of the lens assembly to provide more or less power, as shown in the first row of Table 1 for different combinations of fixed and electroactive lens power. If the adjustment in the increase of the applied voltage raises the refractive index of the electroactive lens optics, the final power of the hybrid lens assembly changes as shown in Table 2 for different combinations of fixed and electroactive lens power. It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, only a single voltage difference applied across the electroactive layer is required.

TABLE 1 TABLE 2 A possible manufacturing process for this hybrid assembly is shown below. In one example, the electroactive gel polymer layer can be injection molded, molded, stamped, machined, diamond machined and / or polished into an optical network lens form. The thin metallic layer is deposited on both sides of the gel polymer layer molded by injection or molded, for example, by sputtering or vacuum deposition. In another exemplary embodiment, the deposited thin metallic layer is placed on both parts of the lens optics and the other side of the layer of injection molded or molded electroactive material. A conductive layer could not be necessary, although if it were, it could be deposited by vacuum or an ion bombardment could be performed on the metal layer. Unlike conventional bifocal, multifocal, or progressive lenses, where the near vision power segments need to be placed in a different position for different multifocal designs, the invention can always be placed in a common position. Due to distinct static power zones used by the conventional method, wherein the eye moves and the head is tilted to use this zone or zones, the present invention allows a person to look straight forward or slightly upward or downward and The entire partial or total electroactive field is adjusted to correct the necessary close working distance. This reduces eye fatigue and movements of the head and eye. In addition, when someone needs to observe from a distance, the adjustable electroactive refractive matrix, in turn, adjusts the correct power needed to clearly observe the distant object. In most cases, this would cause the close range field of electroactive work and that can be adjusted to become a smooth increase or power by converting or adjusting the hybrid electroactive lens back to a distance vision correction lens or a correction power of the multifocal progressive lens of lower power. However, this is not always the case. In some cases, it could be advantageous to reduce the thickness of the single vision lens optic. For example, the central thickness of a larger lens, or the cutting thickness of a smaller lens, can be reduced by means of some suitable compensations of distance power in the electroactive adjustable layer. This would apply to full-field or mostly full-field electroactive eyeglass lenses for all cases of a non-hybrid electro-active eyeglass lens. Again, it should be noted that the electro-refractive refractive matrix that can be adjusted does not have to be located in a limited area, although it could cover the total or multifocal single-vision lens optics, whatever the shape or size of the area that is required from anyone. The exact size, shape, and exact position of the electroactive refractive matrix is restricted only due to function and aesthetics.

It has also been discovered and is part of the invention, that by using the appropriate convex front and rear concave curves of the single vision or multifocal lens optic or optic, it is possible to further reduce the complexity of the electronic devices necessary for the invention . By means of the appropriate selection, the frontal convex base curves of the single vision or multifocal lens optic or optics it is possible to minimize the number of connection electrodes that are necessary to activate the electroactive layer. In some embodiments, only two electrodes are required since the total electroactive field area is adjusted by a set amount of electrical energy. This happens due to the change in the refractive index of the electroactive material, which creates, depending on the placement of the electroactive layer, a front, rear or intermediate electroactive layer of different power. Therefore, the proper curvature ratio of the front and rear curves of each layer influences the necessary power adjustment of the hybrid or non-hybrid electroactive lens. In most, but not all, hybrid designs, especially those that do not use a diffractive or Fresnell component, it is important that the electroactive refractive matrix does not have its front and back curves parallel to the curves of the semi-finished viewing primordium. single or multifocal or the completed primordium of single-vision or multifocal lens in which it is attached. An exception to this is a hybrid design that uses a multi-grid structure. It should be noted that one embodiment is a hybrid electroactive lens that uses less than one total field procedure and a minimum of two electrodes. Other modalities use a multi-grid electro-refractive refractive matrix procedure to create the electroactive refractive matrix, in which case, multiple electrodes and electrical circuits will be required. When using an electroactive multi-grid structure, it has been found that for grid boundaries that have been electrically activated so as to be cosmetically acceptable (mostly invisible), it may be necessary to produce a refractive index differential between the grids. adjacent to zero to 0.02 refractive index difference units. Depending on the cosmetic demands, the range of the refractive index differential could be 0.01 to 0.05 units of the refractive index differential, although in most inventive modalities, the difference is limited by means of a controller to a maximum of 0.02 or 0.03 units of refractive index difference between adjacent areas. It is also possible to use one or more electroactive layers having different electroactive structures, such as a single interconnect structure and / or a multi-grid structure, which can react as needed once energized to create the desired increase or power of final focus additive. By way of example only, the distance power of a total field could be corrected by means of an anterior electroactive refractive matrix (the electroactive layer, distant from the user's eyes) and the subsequent electroactive refractive matrix could be used (ie, next) to focus the near vision range using a specific partial field procedure generated by the back layer. It should readily become apparent that the use of this multiple electroactive refractive matrix process will allow for an increase in flexibility while maintaining extremely thin layers and reducing the complexity of each individual layer. In addition, this procedure allows the individual layers to be sequenced as much as someone can energize them at a time, to generate a simultaneous effect of variable additive focusing power. This variable focus effect can be produced in an elapsed time sequence, to correct the needs of middle-range focus and the near vision scope approach needs as someone observes from a distance to a nearby shape and subsequently creates the reverse effect as someone observes from a close distance to a distance le ana. The multiple procedure of the electroactive refractive matrix also allows for a faster response time of electroactive focusing power. This happens due to a combination of factors, one being the reduced thickness of the electroactive material that is necessary for each layer of the multi-layer electroactive lens. Also, because a multiple electroactive refractive matrix allows the breaking of the complexity of a master electroactive refractive matrix into two or more less complex individual layers which are required to be less individual than the electroactive master layer. The following describes the materials and construction of the electroactive lens, its electrical wiring circuits, the electrical power source, the electrical switching technique, the software required for the adjustment of the focal length and the fluctuation of the distance of the object. Figure 19 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of an electroactive refractive matrix 1900. Attached to both sides of an electroactive material 1910 are the metal layers 1920. Attached to the opposite side of each metal layer 1920 are the layers. Conductive 1930. The electroactive refractive matrix discussed above is a multilayer construction consisting of either a polymer gel or liquid crystal as the electroactive material. However, in certain inventive cases both an electroactive polymer gel refractive matrix and an electro-active refractive matrix of liquid crystal are used within the same lens. For example, the liquid crystal layer could be used to create an electronic dye or goggle effect for the sun and the polymer gel layer could be used to add or subtract power. Both the polymer gel and the liquid crystal have the property that their optical refractive index can be changed by an applied electrical voltage. The electroactive material is covered by two almost transparent metallic layers on either side and a conductive layer is deposited on each metal layer to provide a good electrical connection in these layers. When a voltage is applied across the two conductive layers, an electric field is created between them and through the electroactive material, changing the refractive index. In most cases, the liquid crystal and in some cases the gels are housed in a sealed encapsulating shell of a material selected from silicones, polymethacrylate, styrene, proline, ceramic, glass, nylon, a polyethylene terephthalate film of Mylar type and others. Figure 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2000 having a multi-grid structure. The lens 2000 includes an electroactive material 2010 that can define, in some embodiments, a plurality of pixels, each of which can be separated by a material having electrical insulation properties. Therefore, the electroactive material 2010 can define a number of adjacent zones, each zone contains one or more pixels. Attached to one side of the electroactive material 2010 is a metallic layer 2020 which has a series of metallic electrode grids 2030 separated by a material (not shown) having electrical insulation properties. Attached to the opposite side (not shown) of the electroactive material 2010 is a symmetrically identical metal layer 2020. Therefore, each electroactive pixel is combined with a pair of electrodes 2030 to define a pair of grid elements. Attached to the metal layer 2020 is a conductive layer 2040 having a plurality of interconnecting ways 2050, each separated by a material (not shown) having electrical insulation properties. Each interconnecting path 2050 electrically connects a pair of grid elements with a power supply and / or controller. In an alternative embodiment, some and / or all of the interconnecting paths 2050 may connect more than one pair of grid elements with an electrical power supply and / or controller. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the metallic layer 2020 is eliminated. In other embodiments, the metal layer 2020 is replaced by an alignment layer. In certain inventive embodiments, the front surface (distal) the intermediate surface and / or the back surface may be made of a material comprising a conventional photochromatic component. This photochromic component may or may not be used with a dye characteristic produced in electronic form that is associated as part of the electroactive lens. In the case that it is used, would provide an additive dye in a complementary mode. However, it should be noted in many inventive embodiments, that the photochromic material is only used with the electroactive lens without an electronic component of ink. The photochromic material can be included in an electroactive lens layer by means of the layer composition or it can subsequently be added to the electroactive refractive matrix or it can be added as part of an outer layer on either the front or back surface of the lens. In addition, the electroactive lenses of the invention may be of a hard reverse in the front, back or both may be coated with an anti-reflection coating, as desired. That construction is referred to as a sub-assembly and can be electrically controlled to create a correction for prismatic power, sphere power or astigmatic power, aspheric correction or user aberration correction. In addition, the sub-assembly can be controlled to mimic a Fresnell or diffractive surface. In one embodiment, if more than one type of correction was necessary, two or more sub-subassemblies could be juxtaposed, separated by a layer of electrical insulation. The insulation layer may be comprised of silicone oxide. In another mode, the same sub-assembly is used to create multiple power corrections. Either of the two sub-assembly modes that have just been described can be elaborated from two different structures. The first structural mode allows each of the layers, the electroactive layer, the conductor and the metal, to be contiguous, that is, to be continuous layers of material, thus forming a unique interconnection structure. The second structural mode (as shown in Figure 20) uses metallic layers in the form of a grid or series, with each sub-series area electrically isolated from its neighboring areas. In this embodiment showing an electroactive structure of multiple grids, the conductive layers are attacked to provide separate electrical contacts or electrodes in each sub-series or grid element. In this way, separate and distinct tensions can be applied through each pair of grid elements in the layer, creating regions of different refractive index in the electroactive material layer. Design details, including layer thickness, refractive index, stresses, possible electroactive materials, layer structure, number of layers or components, arrangement of layers or components, curvature of each layer layer and / or components is left for the optical designer to decide. It should be noted that either the electroactive structure of multiple gratings or the single interconnected electroactive structures can be used either as a partial field of the lens or as a total field of the lens. However, when a partial-field-specific electroactive refractive matrix is used, in most cases, an electroactive material having a near-combination refractive index such as that of the partial field-specific electroactive non-activated layer (the reinforcing layer) ) is used in an adjacent lateral direction and separated from the partial field specific electroactive region by an isolator. This is done to improve the cosmetic nature of the electroactive lens by maintaining the appearance of the electroactive refractive matrix that looks like a lens in the non-activated state. Also, it should be noted that in certain embodiments, the reinforcing layer is of a non-electroactive material. The polymer material may be of a wide variety of polymers, wherein the electroactive constituent is at least 30% by weight of the formulation. These electroactive polymer materials are well known and commercially available. Examples of this material include liquid crystal polymers such as polyester, polyether, polyamide, biphenyl penta cyano (PCB) and others. The polymer gels could also contain a thermosetting matrix material to improve the degree of gel processing, improving their adhesion with the encapsulating conductive layers, and improving the optical clarity of the gel. Only by means of examples, this matrix could be a crosslinked acrylate, methacrylate, polyurethane, vinyl polymer crosslinked with difunctional or multifunctional acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl derivative. The thickness of the gel layer may be, for example, between about 3 to 100 microns, although it may be as thick as one millimeter, or as another example, about 4 to 20 microns. The gel layer may have a modulus for example, approximately 100 to 800 pounds per inch, or as another example, 200 to 600 pounds per inch. The metal layer may have a thickness, for example, about 10 ~ 4 to 10 ~ 2 microns and as another example, about 0.8 x 10 ~ 3 to 1.2 x 10"3 microns.The conductive layer may have a thickness, example, of the order of 0.05 to 0.2 microns, and as another example, approximately of 0.8 to 0.12 microns and still as another example, approximately of 0.1 microns.The metallic layer is used to provide a good contact between the conductive layer and the electroactive material Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that suitable metal materials could be used, for example gold or silver could be used In one embodiment, the refractive index of the electroactive material could vary, for example, approximately between 1.2 and 1.9. units, and as another example, approximately between 1.45 and 1.75 units, with the change of refractive index at least 0.02 units per volt.The rate of change in the index with tension n, the current refractive index of the electroactive material and its compatibility with the matrix material will determine the percentage composition of the electroactive polymer in the matrix, although it will result in a change in the refractive index of the final composition not less than 0.02 units per volt in a base voltage of approximately 2.5 volts but not more than 25 volts. As discussed above with the inventive embodiment using a hybrid design, the mounting sections of the electroactive refractive matrix are joined with a conventional lens optic with a suitable adhesive or bonding technique that is transparent to visible light. This joining assembly can be by means of a cardboard or release film having the previously assembled and assembled electroactive refractive matrix ready for bonding with conventional lens optics. This could be produced and applied to the optical lens surface waiting at the place of origin. Likewise, it could be applied previously to the application on the surface of a wafer or lens contact plate, which is subsequently adhesively bonded with the optics of the lens in standby. It could be applied to the semi-finished primordium of the lens that is finally smoothed or beveled for size, proper shape, as well as for the adequate needs of total power. Finally, it could be molded into a preformed lens optics that uses SurfaceCasting techniques. This creates the modifiable electrical power of the invention. The electroactive refractive matrix could occupy the total area of the lens or only a portion of it.

The refractive index of the electroactive layers can only be correctly altered for the necessary area of focus. For example, in a hybrid partial field design previously discussed, the partial field area would be activated and altered within this area. Therefore, in this embodiment, the refractive index is altered only in a specific partial region of the lens. In another modality, of a hybrid total field design, the refractive index is altered across the total surface. Similarly, the refractive index is altered through the total area in the non-hybrid design. As discussed previously, it has been found that in order to maintain an acceptable optical cosmetic appearance, the differential of the refractive index between the adjacent areas of an electroactive optic must be limited to a maximum of 0.02 to 0.05 units of the refractive index differential. , preferably, from 0.02 to 0.03 units. It is considered within the invention that in some cases the user would use a partial field and subsequently would like to change the electroactive refractive matrix to a total field. In this case, the modality would be structurally designed for a total field modality; however, the controller would be programmed to allow the exchange of the power requirements of a total field to a partial field and back again or vice versa.

In order to create the electric field necessary to stimulate the electroactive lens, the voltage is supplied to the optical assemblies. This is provided by bundles of small diameter wires, which are contained in the edges of the eyeglass frames. The wires move from a power source described below to an electroactive eyeglass controller, and / or one or more controller components, and in the direction of the frame edge surrounding each lens of the eyeglasses, where the joining techniques of wire marked from the. Techniques are used in bonding semiconductor manufacturing wires with each grid element in the optical assembly. In the structured mode, the single wire interconnection means one wire per conductive layer, only one tension per eyeglass lens is required and only two wires would be needed for each lens. The voltage would be applied in a conductive layer, while its pair on the opposite side of the gel layer is maintained at a potential ground connection. In another embodiment, an alternating current (AC) voltage is applied through the opposite conductive layers. These two connections are easily made in or next to the frame edge of each eyeglass lens. If a series of voltage grids is used, each sub-area in the array of grids is directed with a different voltage, and the conductors connect each wire conductor in the frame with a grid element on the lens. An optically transparent conducting material such as indium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) could be used to form the conductive layer of the electroactive assembly which is used to connect the wires at the frame edges with each grid element in the electroactive lens. This method can be used without considering whether the electroactive area occupies the entire region of the lens or only a portion of it. One of the techniques to achieve pixelation in the design of a series of multiple grids is the creation of small individual volumes of electroactive material, each with its own pair of excitation electrodes to establish the electric field through the small volume. Another technique to achieve pixelation uses pattern electrodes for the conductive or metallic layer, developed on the substrate in lithographic form. In this way, the electroactive material can be contained in a contiguous volume and the regions of the distinct electric field that create the pixelation are defined in their entirety by the pattern electrodes. To provide electrical power to optical assemblies, a source of electricity, such as a battery, is included in the design. The voltages that create the electric field are small and therefore, the legs of the frames are designed to allow the introduction and extraction of batteries of miniature mass that provide this energy. The batteries are connected to the wire bundles through a multiplex connection also contained in the legs of the frame. In another embodiment, the thin film forming batteries are bonded to the surface of the legs of the frame with an adhesive that allows them to be removed and replaced when their load is dissipated. An alternative would be to provide an AC alternating current adapter with a junction with the batteries mounted in the frame allowing on-site loading of the mass or thin film shaping batteries when not in use. An alternative source of energy is also possible, whereby a miniature fuel cell could be included in the eyeglass frames to provide a larger storage of energy than the batteries. The fuel cell could be recharged with a small fuel cylinder that injects fuel into the tank in the frames of the goggles. It has been found that it is possible to minimize electrical power requirements by using an inventive multi-grid hybrid structure process comprising in most cases, but not all, a specific region of partial field. It should be noted, while a hybrid structure of multiple partial field grids can be used, that a hybrid structure of multiple total field grids can also be used. In another inventive method, whereby the non-conventional refractive error such as the aberrations are corrected, a tracking or tracking system is provided which is constructed in the glasses, as discussed above, and the appropriate activation software and the programming of the electroactive eyeglass controller, and / or one or more of the controller components, housed in the electroactive goggles. This inventive modality traces the person's line of sight by tracking the eyes of the person and also applies the necessary electrical energy in the specific area of the electroactive lens that is being observed. In other words, as the eyes move, an electrically energized target area would move through the lens that corresponds to the line of sight of the person directed through the electroactive lens. This would be manifested in several different lens designs. For example, the user could have a fixed power lens, an electroactive lens or a hybrid of both types to correct the conventional refractive error (sphere, cylinder and prism). In this example, the unconventional refractive error would be corrected by means of the electroactive refractive matrix that is of a multiple grid structure, whereby, as the eye moves, the corresponding activated electroactive lens region would move. with the eye In other words, the line of sight of the eye corresponds to the movement of the eye, as it intersects the lens that would move through the lens in relation to the movements of the eye. In the above inventive example, it should be noted that the electro-active structure of multiple grids, which is incorporated in or on the hybrid electroactive lens, may be of a partial field or full field design. It should be noted that by using this inventive modality the electrical needs can be minimized by means of the electric power supply of the limited area when directly observed. Therefore, with a smaller area energized, the electric energy consumed for a given prescription is reduced at a time. The area that is not directly observed would not be energized or activated in most cases but not in all, and therefore, correct the conventional refractive error so that a 20/20 vision is achieved that corrects, for example, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia. The objective and follow-up area in this inventive modality would correct as much as possible the non-conventional refractive error, as is the irregular astigmatism, the aberrations and the irregularities of the surface or ocular layer. In other inventive modalities, the objective and follow-up area could also correct some type of conventional error. In several of the aforementioned modalities, this target and tracking area can be automatically located with the help of the controller, and / or one or more of the controller components, by means of a scope finder located in the goggles that it tracks. the movements of the eye, with a tracking system or tracking of the eye located in the eyeglasses or both a tracking system and a search range system. Although only a partial electro-active region is used in certain designs, the total surface is covered with the electroactive material to avoid a visible circular line in the user in the non-activated state. In some inventive embodiments, a transparent isolator is used to keep the electrical activation limited in the central area being activated and the non-activated peripheral electroactive material is used to keep the edge of the active region invisible. In another embodiment, a series of thin-film solar cells can be joined to the surface of the frames, and the voltage is supplied to the wires and the optical grid by the photoelectric effect using the illumination of the sun's rays or the illumination to room temperature. In an inventive mode, solar arrays are used to provide a primary energy, with batteries of miniatures discussed above that are included as backup or support energy. When electrical energy is not necessary, the batteries can be charged from the solar cells during these occasions in this mode. An alternative allows an AC adapter and the connection with batteries with this design. In order to provide a variable focal length to the user, the electroactive lenses can be exchanged. At least two exchange positions are provided, however, if necessary, more of these positions would be provided. In the simplest mode, the electroactive lenses are on or off. In the off position, no current flows through the wires, no voltage is applied to the grid mounts and only the fixed energy of the lens is used. This would be the case in a user who requires far-field distance correction, for example, obviously assuming that the hybrid electroactive lens uses a primordium or optics of the single-vision or multifocal lens that corrects distance vision as part of its building. To provide near vision correction for reading, the switch would be switched on, providing a predetermined voltage or a series of voltages in the lenses, creating an additional positive energy in the electroactive mounts. If an intermediate field correction is desired, a third switch position could be included. The switch could be controlled by the microprocessor or the user would control it manually. In fact, there could be several additional positions included. In another embodiment, the switch is analog non-digital, and provides a continuous variability of the focal length of the lens by adjusting a knob or lever that is very similar to a volume control in a radius. This could be the case where no fixed lens power is part of the design, and all vision correction is achieved by means of the electroactive lens. In this modality, a voltage or series of voltages is supplied to the lens at all times, if both the distance and near vision correction is corrected by the user. If only distance correction or reading accommodation for the user were necessary, the electroactive lens would be turned on when correction was necessary and would be turned off when no correction was necessary. However, this is not always the case. In certain modalities, depending on the design of the lens, the power off or low voltage will automatically increase the power of the distant and / or near vision zones. In an exemplary embodiment, the switch itself is located on the frames of the lens of the glasses and is connected to a controller, for example, with an Integrated Application-Specific Circuit, contained in the frames of the glasses. This controller responds to different positions of the switch regulating the voltages supplied from the power source. As such, this controller constitutes the multiplexer discussed above, which distributes several voltages to the connection wires. The controller can also be of an advanced design in the form of a thin film and can be mounted in the same way as the battery or solar cells in a fashion formed along the surface of the frames. In an example embodiment, this controller, and / or one or more of the controller components, is manufactured and / or programmed with the knowledge of the user's vision correction requirements, and allows the user to easily switch between different series of predetermined tensions adapted to your individual vision requirements. The electroactive eyeglass controller, and / or one or more controller components, may be removed and / or easily programmed by the eye care specialist or technician and may be replaced and / or reprogrammed with a new "prescription" driver. "when the user's vision correction requirements change. One aspect of the switch based on the controller is that it can change the voltage applied to the electroactive lens in less than one microsecond. If the electroactive refractive matrix were manufactured from a fast commutation material, it would be possible that the rapid change in the focal length of the lenses could be disturbed for the user's vision. A smoother transition from one focal length to the other could be desirable. As a further feature of this invention, a "delay time" can be programmed into the controller that would slow down the transition. On the contrary, a "waiting time" could be programmed in the controller that would increase the speed of the transition. Similarly, the transition could be anticipated by a predictive algorithm. In any case, the time constant of the transition can be adjusted, so that it is proportional and / or sensitive to the refractive change necessary to accommodate the user's vision. For example, small changes in focusing power could be exchanged quickly; whereas a large change in focusing power, such as a user moving his gaze quickly from a distant object to read a printed material, could be established to occur with respect to a longer period of time, i.e. 10-100 milliseconds This time constant can be adjusted according to the comfort of the user. In any case, it is not necessary that the switch is on the glasses themselves. In another example embodiment, the switch is located in a separate module, possibly in a pocket in the user's clothing and is activated manually. This switch could be connected to the glasses with a thin wire or fiber optic. Another version of the switch contains a small transmitter of short range of microwave or radio frequency that sends a signal with respect to the position of the switch to a very small receiving antenna that is comfortably mounted on the frames of the glasses. In both of these switch configurations, the user has direct but discrete control over the focal length variation of their glasses. In several exemplary embodiments, the switch is controlled automatically by means of a vision detector, such as a range search device which is located, for example, in the frame, on the frame, on the lens and / or on the lens of the glasses and pointing forward towards the object that will be perceived. Figure 21 is a perspective view of another inventive embodiment of the electroactive glasses 2100. In this illustrative example, the frames 2110 contain the electroactive lenses 2120 which are coupled by the connection wires 2130 to the controller 2140 (integrated circuit) and with the power source 2150. A range search transmitter 2160 is linked with an electroactive lens 2120 and a range search receiver 2170 is joined to the other electroactive lens 2120. In several alternative embodiments, the transmitter 2160 and / or receiver 2170 can be attached to any electroactive lens 2120, can be attached to the frame 2110, can be embedded in the lens 2120, and / or can be embedded in the frame 2110. In addition, the scope search transmitter 2160 and / or receiver 2170 can be regulated by controller 2140 and / or a separate controller (not shown). Similarly, the signals picked up by the receiver 2170 can be processed by the controller 2140 and / or a separate controller (not shown). In any case, this scope finder is an active search engine and can use different sources such as laser, light emitting diodes, radio frequency waves, microwaves, or ultrasonic impulses to locate the object and determine its distance. In one embodiment, a vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) is used as the light transmitter. The small and flat size profile of these devices makes them attractive for this application. In another embodiment, an organic light emitting diode, or OLED, is used as the light source for the range finder. The advantage of this device is that OLEDs can often be manufactured in such a way that they are mostly transparent. Therefore, an OLED could be of a preferable scope finder design if the cosmetic or appearance were a concern, because it could be incorporated into the lens or frames without it being noticeable. A suitable sensor that receives the reflected signal outside the object is placed in one or more positions on the front of the lens frames and is connected with a very small controller to calculate the interval. In another embodiment, a single device can be manufactured to operate in a dual mode, both as a transmitter and detector, and can be connected to the range computer. This range is sent by means of a wire or optical fiber to the change controller located in the lens frames or to a wireless remote carrier on itself and is analyzed to determine the correct setting of the switch for this object distance. In some cases, the scope controller and the change controller can be integrated together. It should be appreciated that in certain situations, the range search device has difficulty switching the focal length of the electroactive lens when the user wishes to move from one focusing article to another. For example, the range search transmitter and the range search receiver may require additional movement of the user's head of the lenses before the lenses change from one vision correction to the other. Alternately, "false change" could happen when the lenses change from the vision correction currently required by the user to a vision correction that is not adequate. For example, when the lenses change the correction of vision of the correction of distance to a correction of distant intermediate or near intermediate or near, instead of changing the correction of distance that was what the user actually required. Accordingly, in another example embodiment, the range search transmitter and the range search receiver may be covered, selectively, with additional lenses controlling the transmitted beamwidth produced by the transmitter, and the acceptance cone. approved by the receiver. Figure 44a is an exploded perspective view of an integrated power source, the controller and the scope finder according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 44a, the system 4400 includes a range search device 4420, which is connected to the controller 4440 which in turn is connected to the power source 4460. Figure 44b is a side section view of the 4400 system of Figure 44a along the line? -? ' according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 44b, the range search device 4420 is comprised of a range search transmitter 4424 and the range search receiver 4428. In this example embodiment, the range search transmitter 4424 and the receiver search range 4428 are transmitting diodes and receivers, respectively, which may take the form, for example, of IR laser diodes, LEDs or other sources of non-visible radiation. In this illustrative embodiment, the transmitter 4424 has been selectively covered with the transmission lens 4426 to control the transmitted beamwidth produced by the transmitter 4424. Similarly, the receiver 4428 can be selectively covered with the receiving lens 4430 to control the acceptance cone approved by the receiver 4428. It should be appreciated that the acceptance region, or cone, of the receiver 4428 includes the solid angle over which the light rays approaching the range search device will be able to reach the receiver 4428 once they pass through either a receiving lens, an aperture or another 4428 device coverage receiver. A protection window can cover the internal components of the 4420 range search device and more specifically, the transmitter and receiver, of the user's environment, as long as the function of the internal components is not affected. Figure 45 is a side view of the range search transmitter 4424 of Figure 44b according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 45, the transmission lens 4426 has a selected divergent gain or power that divides the beam B produced by the transmitter 4424 into a given width of pattern D for a given working distance L. Therefore, the width The beam produced by the transmitter 4424 is optimized for given working distances ie for intermediate reading and viewing, which minimizes the need for extra movement of the head, while avoiding false change by not making the beam excessively long. Figure 46 is a side view of the range search receiver 4428 of Figure 44b according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 46, the receiver 4428 is selectively covered with the receiving lens 4430, which has a slit aperture 4432 formed therein. The use of the receiving lens 4430 with the slit aperture 4432 decreases the received pattern in a substantially rectangular field, rather than the total view that would be detected if the receiving lens 4430 were not placed on the receiver 4428. In this embodiment, the receiving lens 4430 is constructed of a material, such as an opaque material, which would prevent the receiver 4428 from receiving any beam of reflected light, with the exception of those moving through the slit aperture 4432. It should be noted that the previous embodiments with the transmission lens 4428 that cover the transmitter 4424 and receive the lens 4430 covering the receiver 4428 are merely illustrative, and that other embodiments that manipulate the sending beam of the transmitter 4424 or the acceptance cone of the receiver 4428 could be employees to further reduce the false change or to improve the performance of the 4400 optical system. For example, other methods of res triction of the acceptance cone or of the captured pattern of the receiver include the use of other geometrically configured apertures, of variable shutters, lenses or devices that restrict the passage of light rays onto the 4428 receiver. It should also be noted that the placement of lenses on the transmitter and receiver is optional, and any combination of the above lens may be provided in accordance with the present invention. For example, at least in a further embodiment, the receiving lens 4430, which is used to selectively cover the receiver 4428, is optional. Similarly, at least in a further embodiment, the transmission lens 4426, which is used to selectively cover the transmitter 4424, is optional. In the example modalities described above, the need for additional movement of the head and the occurrence of a false change are minimized by the increase in the transmitted beam width that is produced by the range search transmitter, and thus optional, by manipulating the way the reflected beam is presented in the range search receiver. In another example embodiment, the switch can be controlled by a small but rapid movement of the user's head. This would be achieved by including another sight detector, such as a small gyroscope or a micro-accelerometer in the leg of the lens frames. A small and rapid shake or contortion of the head would activate the micro-gyroscope or a micro-accelerometer? would cause the switch to rotate through its allowed position mounts by changing the focus of the electroactive lens to the desired correction. For example, based on the detection of movement by either the micro-gyroscope or a micro-accelerometer, the controller can be programmed to provide power to the range search device, so that the observed field can be interrogated by the device of scope search to determine if a change in vision correction is required. Similarly, following a predetermined interval or period of time in which no movement of the head is detected, the range search device may be turned off. In addition, at least in one embodiment, following the detection of movement and the use of the range search device, the range search device could be turned on. In another example embodiment, another sight detector, such as a tilt switch, could be used to determine whether the user's head is tilted downward, or upward, at a given angle above or below a posture that It would be indicative that someone is looking forward in the distance. For example, an illustrative tilt switch could include a mercury switch mounted on the controller that closes a circuit that provides power to the scope finder and / or controller, only when the patient is looking up or down at a certain angle outside the horizontal plane. Since the lenses could be designed for correction of distant vision in the no-power state, at least in one embodiment, the range search device could be configured to operate and change the electroactive lens from the distance correction state to another state (such as a near or intermediate correction) when the user's head is tilted down or up at the angle determined outside the horizontal plane. In addition, the lenses may employ an additional requirement in which an object may be detected in the near or intermediate distance for some predetermined period of time before the change occurs. The tilt switch could also be used to set a high logic level that is then placed in the AND circuit (in a positive logic) with a logic level set by the scope finder that indicates whether an object is in the near or intermediate distance . Figures 47a-47c are side views of a user of an optical lens system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 47a, the user of the optical lens system can adjust his head from a horizontal angle to an angle of inclination of the head upwards (BARRIBA), and from the horizontal angle to an angle of inclination of the head downwards. (9ABAJO) · Figure 47b illustrates the user with his head tilted down at the head tilt angle downward (WRIST) · Figure 47c illustrates the user with his head tilted upward at the tilt angle of the head up (9ARRIBA) · In an example mode, the tilt change can close (and provides power to the range search device, or controller, or both) when the user's head moves up or down the horizontal plane approximately 5 to 15 degrees from the horizontal position, and preferably approximately 10 degrees from the horizontal position. In a further embodiment, the tilt switch could close when the user's head moves up or down from the horizontal position approximately 15 to 30 degrees from the horizontal position, and preferably approximately 20 degrees from the horizontal position. It should be appreciated that the previously described modes employing tilt switches can be optimized based on the user's needs or wishes. For example, the user could choose to have the angle of deviation from the horizontal position required to close the switch that differs in the up or down directions. Therefore, the angle for the upward slope that closes the switch can be equal to the angle for the downward slope, or they could differ from each other by several degrees. In addition, the tilt switch could also be optimized by providing it so that only the range finder is activated (or which provides power to the range search device, or the controller, or both) when the user tilts his head in the downward direction or, alternatively only when the user tilts his head in the upward direction. This last case is unlikely, because anyone normally tilts his head slightly down to read. In another example embodiment, the system uses a tilt switch to determine the tilt angle of the user's head. The angle of inclination, either downward or upward, could be sent to the controller which determines whether the angle is larger than a predetermined angle. In this way, the controller could power selectively the range search device based on the tilt that crosses the tilt threshold associated with the tilt switch. In a similar way, in additional modalities, a micro-gyroscope or micro-accelerometer could be employed in a similar way. For example, a micro-gyroscope or micro-accelerometer could produce an output signal that the controller could use to determine the position of the user's head and, consequently, could adjust the power to the range search device. Yet another example mode uses a combination of micro-gyroscope with a manual switch. In this modality, the micro gyroscope is used mostly to perform the reading and visual functions below 180 degrees, so that it reacts with the inclination of the person's head. Therefore, when the head of someone is tilted, the micro-gyroscope sends a signal to the controller indicating the degree of inclination of the head, which is subsequently converted into an increase in focusing power, depending on the severity of the inclination. The manual switch, which can be remote, is used to limit the micro-gyroscope to certain visual functions at or above 180 degrees, such as to work on a computer. Still in another example embodiment, a combination of a range finder and a micro gyroscope is used. The micro gyroscope is used for near vision and other vision functions below 180 degrees, and the range finder is used for viewing distances that are above 180 degrees and are from a distance of observation or vision, for example, 1.22 meters (4 feet) or less. In additional embodiments, a range search device could be used in combination with a tilt switch, a micro-gyroscope or a micro-accelerometer to determine if the electroactive lens should be changed. In these modes, the controller could use a logic level for each of the integrated components, such as the tilt switch, the gyroscope or accelerometer, with the additional requirement that the range search device must obtain a new viewing distance , for example, before the change happened. As an alternative to the design of the manual switch or scope finder to use the focusing power of the electroactive assembly, another example mode uses an eye tracker or tracker to measure the inter-pupillary distance and to detect the viewing distance . As the eyes focus on distant or near objects, this distance changes as the pupils converge or diverge. At least two light-emitting diodes and at least two adjacent photosensors, which detect the light reflected from the diodes outside the eye, are placed on the inner frame next to the bridge of the nose. This system can detect the position of the edge of the pupil of each eye and can convert the position of the inter-pupillary distance to calculate the distance of the object from the eye plane of the user. In certain modalities, three or even four emitting diodes and photosensors are used to track eye movements. It should be appreciated that, in additional modalities, any combination of the various mechanisms described in this document, which minimize false change and excessive user movements to initiate the change, can be combined in any way desired to meet the needs of the user. the expert and user of the optical lens system. Therefore, any of the logical levels or mechanisms of change can be adapted to adjust the particular needs of a given user. In addition to vision correction, the electroactive refractive matrix can also be used to provide an electrochromic spectacle lens ink. By applying adequate tension in a suitable gel polymer or liquid crystal layer, an effect of ink or sunglasses can be transmitted on the lens, which alternates the transmission of light in a certain way through the lens. This reduced intensity of light provides a "sun glasses" effect on the lens for user comfort in a bright exterior environment. Liquid crystal compositions and gel polymers with a high degree of polarization in response to an applied electric field are the most attractive for this application. In some inventive embodiments, this invention could be used in positions where the temperature variations could be sized enough to affect the refractive index of the electroactive layer. Then, a correction factor for all the voltages supplied in the grid mounts would have to be applied to compensate for this effect. A miniature thermistor, thermocouple or other temperature detector mounted on or over the lens and / or frame and connected to the power source detects temperature changes. The controller converts these readings into voltage changes necessary to compensate for the change in the refractive index of the electroactive material. However, in certain embodiments electronic circuits are actually constructed in or on the surface of the lens for the purpose of increasing the temperature of the electroactive refractive matrix or of the layers. This is done to further reduce the refractive index of the electroactive layers thereby maximizing the energy changes of the lens. The increase in temperature can be used either with or without voltage increases, providing additional flexibility to have the ability to control and change the power of the lens through changes in refractive index. When the temperature is used, you want to have the ability to measure, feedback and control the temperature that has been applied deliberately. In the case of a partial or total field grid series of individually directed electroactive regions, many conductors may be necessary to multiplex the specific voltages of the controller to each grid element. To facilitate the design of these interconnections, the invention places the controller in the front section of the spectacle frames, for example, in the area of the bridge of the nose. In this way, the power source, which is located on the legs, will be connected to the controller only by means of two conductors through the frame articulation of the front leg. The conductors that connect the controller to the lenses can be fully contained within the front section of the frame. In some embodiments of the invention, the glasses may have one or both frame legs of eyeglasses, parts of which can be easily removed. Each leg will consist of two parts: a short part that remains connected to the joint and a longer front frame section and leg that connects to this part. The part that can not be connected to each of the legs contains a source of electrical energy (battery, fuel cell, etc.) and can simply be removed and reconnected with the fixed portion of the legs. These removable legs can be recharged, for example, by placing a portable AC charging unit that charges by direct current flow, by magnetic induction or by any other common recharge method. In this way, fully-loaded replacement legs can be connected to the glasses to provide long-term continuous activation of the lenses and the scope system. In fact, several replacement legs can be carried by the user in the pocket or bag for this purpose. In many cases, the user will require spherical correction for distance vision, near and / or near intermediate or far intermediate. This allows a variation of the lens of the series of totally interconnected grids, which takes advantage of the spherical symmetry of the corrective optics that is required. In this case, a special geometrically shaped grid consisting of concentric rings of electroactive regions may comprise either the partial-region or full-field lens. The rings may be circular or non-circular such as, for example, elliptical. This configuration serves to substantially reduce the number of electroactive regions that are required, which must be separated and directed by the conductor connections with different voltages, greatly simplifying the set of interconnection circuits. This design allows the correction of astigmatism using a hybrid lens design. In this case, conventional optics could provide cylindrical and / or astigmatic correction, and the concentric ring electroactive refractive matrix could provide spherical distance and / or near vision correction. This type of concentric ring, or toroidal zone, allows a great flexibility to adapt the electroactive approach to the needs of the user. Due to the symmetry of the circular zone, many more thinner areas can be manufactured without increasing the wiring and the complexity of the interconnection. For example, an electroactive lens made from a series of 4000 square pixels will require the wiring to be directed to all 4000 zones; the need to cover a circular area of partial region of 35 millimeters in diameter will produce a pixel slope of approximately 0.5 millimeters. On the other hand, an adaptive optics elaborated from a pattern of concentric rings of the same inclination of 0.5 millimeters (or ring thickness) will require only 35 toroidal zones, greatly reducing the complexity of the wiring. Conversely, the pixel pitch (and resolution) can be decreased only up to 0.1 millimeters and only increases the number of zones (and interconnections) to 175. The larger resolution of the zones could be moved into a larger comfort for the user, because the radial change of the refractive index from one area to another is smoother and more gradual. Obviously, this design is restricted to only one of the vision corrections that are spherical in nature. In addition, it has been discovered that the concentric ring design can adapt the thickness of the toroidal rings to place the largest resolution in the radius where necessary. For example, if the design requires wrapping by phase, that is, taking advantage of the periodicity of the light waves to achieve a larger focusing power with materials of limited variation of the refractive index, a series can be designed with narrower rings in the periphery and wider rings in the center of the partial circular region of the electroactive area. This judicious use of each toroidal pixel produces the largest focusing power that can be obtained for the number of zones used while minimizing the overlap effect present in low resolution systems employing the wrapper per phase. In another embodiment of this invention, it may be desired to smooth out the abrupt transition from the distant field focus region to the near vision focus region in hybrid lenses employing an electroactive partial area. This obviously happens in the circular limit of the electroactive region. In order to achieve this, the invention would be programmed to have regions of less power for near vision at the periphery of the electroactive region. For example, if a hybrid concentric ring design with an electroactive region of 35 mm in diameter is considered, where the fixed focal length lens provides a distance correction, and the electroactive region provides a presyopic correction of additional power of +2.50. . Instead of maintaining this power in the entire periphery of the electroactive region, several toroidal regions or "bands", each containing several areas of electroactive concentric ring that can be directed, would be programmed to have a decrease in power in the larger diameters . For example, during activation one mode could have a central diameter circle of 26 mm additional power of +2.50, with a toroidal band that extends from 26 to 29 mm in diameter with an additional power of +2.00, another toroidal band It extends from 29 to 32 mm in diameter with an additional power of +1.5, surrounded by a toroidal band that extends from 32 to 35 mm in diameter with an additional power of +1.0. This design can be useful to provide some users with a more pleasant experience of use. When using an ophthalmic eyeglass lens, the upper part is generally used approximately one half of the lens for far distance vision. Approximately 2 to 3 mm above the intermediate line and 6 to 7 mm below the intermediate line for intermediate distance vision and 7 to 10 mm below the intermediate line for near distance vision. The aberrations created in the eye appear different for eye distances and need to be corrected differently. A distance from the object that is being observed is directly related to the specific aberration correction needed. Thus, an aberration created from the optical system of the eye will need approximately the same correction for all distant distances, approximately the same correction for all distant distances intermediate approximately the same correction for all near intermediate distances and approximately the same correction for all distances distances from the near point. Therefore, the invention allows the electroactive adjustment of the lens to correct certain aberrations of the eye, in three or four sections of the lens (the distance section, the middle section and the near section), which is opposite to trying to adjust the lens Electroactive rej illa-por-rej illa according to the eye and the visual line of the eye moves through the lens. Figure 22 is a front view of an embodiment of an electroactive lens 2200. Within the lens 2200 several regions are defined which provide different refractive corrections. Below the intermediate line BB, each of the several near distance corrective regions 2210 and 2220 that have a different corrective power, are surrounded by a single corrective region of intermediate distance 2230. Although only two corrective regions of near distance are shown. 2210 and 2220, any number of near-distance corrective regions may be provided. Similarly, any number of intermediate distance corrective regions can be provided. Above the intermediate line B-B, a far distance corrective region 2240 is provided. The regions 2210, 2220 and 2230 can be activated in a programmed sequence mode, for example, to save energy, or in a static on-off mode similar to a conventional trifocal. When viewed from a distance distant to a near, or from a distance close to a far, the lens 2200 can help focus the user's eye by smoothing the transition between the different focal lengths of the different regions. With which, the phenomenon of "image jump" is released or greatly reduced. The jump and the discontinuity of the image between the vision correction zones can be decreased alternately, by means of the use of an electroactive mixing zone. An example embodiment is shown in Figure 54. The embodiment shown at this point illustrates an electroactive region placed within a fixed distance optic 5340. A near vision zone 5320 is mixed in an area 5330, which could providing an intermediate near vision correction, an intermediate far vision correction or both, through the mixing zone 5420. The mixing zone 5420 may be an electro-active zone of any width, although it is preferred that it be approximately 6 mm. width or less. The mixing zone 5420 can hide or mask the discontinuity between the zones and can reduce the image jump by providing a smooth transition as the line of vision of the patient passes slightly out of one vision correction zone towards the other. Another mixing zone 5430 may be present between the zone 5330 and the distant viewing zone 5340. The mixing zone 5430 may be of any width, although it is preferred that it be 10 mm wide or less. In any mixing zone, the mixing zone could be a linear mixture of optical power reduction, or a mixture that is represented by a polynomial or exponential function. In embodiments in which the powers of near and intermediate intermediate or distant intermediate distance are simultaneously present, the mixing zone 5420 can transit from the near-intermediate power or the intermediate far-end power. In embodiments where the near vision zone is activated in the absence of a near intermediate or far intermediate zone, then, the mixing zone 5420 could provide a transition from a near vision power to a distance vision power. In most modalities, the mixing zone 5430 can provide a transition from an intermediate near power or an intermediate remote power to a distant power. Through the 5310 pupil as shown in Figure 54, is centered in relation to the electroactive areas, the lens could be located, so that the pupil is placed in several other ways with respect to the electroactive areas of the lens as described herein. Figure 23 is a front view of a modality of another electroactive lens 2300. Within the lens 2300 several regions are defined that provide different refractive corrections. Below the intermediate line CC, a single corrective region of near distance 2310 is surrounded by a single corrective region of intermediate distance 2320. Above the intermediate line CC, a single remote distance corrective region 2330 is located. Figure 24 is a front view of a modality of another electroactive lens 2400. Within the lens 2400 several regions are defined that provide different refractive corrections. A single corrective region of near distance 2410 is surrounded by a single corrective region of intermediate distance 2420, which in turn is surrounded by a single corrective region of far distance 2430. Figure 25 is a side view of a modality of another lens electroactive 2500. The lens 2500 includes a conventional lens optic 2510 in which are attached several total field electroactive regions 2520, 2530, 2540 and 2550, each of which is separated from the adjacent regions by the insulation layers 2525 , 2535 and 2545. Figure 26 is a side view of a modality of another electroactive lens 2600. The lens 2600 includes a conventional lens optic 2610 in which several partial field electroactive regions 2620, 2630, 2640 and 2650 are joined, each of which is separated from the adjacent regions by the insulation layers 2625, 2635 and 2645. The support region 2660 surrounds the regions s electroactive 2620, 2630, 2640 and 2650. Returning to the discussion of diffractive electroactive lenses, an electroactive lens for correction of refractive error can be fabricated using an electroactive refractive matrix adjacent to a glass, polymer or glass substrate lens. plastic which is printed or attacked with a diffractive pattern. The surface of the substrate lens, which has the diffractive impression, is in direct contact with the electroactive material. In this way, a surface of the electroactive refractive matrix is also a diffractive pattern which is the mirror image of the surface of the lens substrate. The assembly acts like a hybrid lens, so that the substrate lens always provides a corrective increase or power, usually fixed for distance correction. The refractive index of the electroactive refractive matrix in its non-activated state is almost identical to the index of the substrate lens. This difference must be 0.05 index units or less. In this way, when the electroactive lens is deactivated, the substrate lens and the electroactive refractive matrix have the same index, and the diffractive pattern is without power and does not provide correction (0.00 diopter). In this state, the power of the substrate lens is only the corrective power. When the electroactive refractive matrix is activated, its index changes and the refractive power of the diffraction pattern becomes additive in the substrate lens. For example, if the substrate lens had a power of -3.50 diopters, and the electroactive diffractive layer had a power of +2.00 diopter when it was activated, the total power of the electroactive lens assembly would be -1.50 diopters. In this way, the electroactive lens allows near vision or reading. In other embodiments, the electroactive refractive matrix in the activated state may be an index coupled with the optics of the lens. Through the use of stacked electroactive regions, multiple zones for vision correction may be available simultaneously. Figure 55 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electroactive lens with two electroactive vision correction zones 5520 and 5530, as well as the far distance correction area 5540 that could be provided by a fixed distance optic. These zones could represent one or more stacked electroactive regions, with a different vision correction in the zones 5520 and 5530 depending on which electroactive regions are activated, as will be further described below. In some modalities, an intermediate far vision correction zone could be created. The intermediate far correction zone can provide improved vision correction for objects that are too far for a comfortable correction of intermediate near vision, although they are also too close for a particularly effective far vision correction. In general, these distances could be approximately 1.52 to 4.57 meters (5 to 15 feet). An exemplary embodiment of an electroactive lens with stacked electroactive regions is shown in Figure 55a. The 5500 lens has two electroactive regions. Each region can provide half the optical power for near vision correction. As shown in Figure 55a, one region may be smaller in area than the other, however, both regions may be of the same size. When both regions are activated and an individual observes through both of them, close vision correction may be present, whereas if the individual observes through only one region, the intermediate near correction may be present. Alternatively, if only one of the two regions is activated, such as 5565, but not 5560, intermediate near vision is present throughout the electroactive region. An exemplary embodiment of an electroactive lens having an intermediate far vision correction zone is shown in Figure 55b. The lens 5500 has a unique region of near correction 5560 and two intermediate correction regions 5565 and 5570, all of which are electroactive and could be stacked together. The near correction region 5560 could provide 50% of the addition power needed to provide near vision correction. The balance can be equally divided between the two intermediate correction regions 5565 and 5570. An intermediate remote correction could be present only when one of the 5565 or 5570 regions is activated and the near 5560 region is inactive. The intermediate near correction could be present when the near 5560 region is inactive and both of the 5565 or 5570 regions are active. The near vision correction could be present when the near 5560 region and both intermediate regions 5565 and 5570 are active. The far distance correction zone 5540 could be provided by a fixed distance optic, such as one having a power of +4.0 diopters for a patient with a condition, for example, of hyperopia. As discussed in this document, this could provide a "fail safe" mode, so that in the case of a power loss or other problem in any or all of the electroactive regions, a patient could still have distance vision. As a further example, the patient could also have a vision problem such as presbyopia, which requires the respective powers of +2.5 diopters for near vision correction, +1.25 diopters for intermediate near vision correction and +0.625 diopters for the correction of intermediate distant vision. In this example, the total maximum power of the electro-active portion of the lens can be +2.5 diopters to correct the near vision problem. In order to provide close vision correction, all electroactive regions could be activated producing a total power of +6.5 diopters when an object is observed through a nearby correction zone, ie, when observed through all three activated electroactive regions (+4.0 diopters to correct far vision, plus +2.5 diopters to correct near vision). The total power of the electroactive regions could be additive, so that if the patient were instead observing something in the near intermediate range, the 5565 and 5570 regions could be activated independently without activating the 5060 region by providing an increase of total power of +1.25 diopters, or a total vision correction of +5.25 diopters. Similarly, if the patient were observing an object in the intermediate distant range, the 5565 or 5570 regions could be activated to provide a total correction of +4.625 diopters. When objects are observed outside the electroactive zone, the correction could be provided by the fixed distance optics, in this example, of +4.0 diopters. This example is for illustration purposes only and works equally well with other vision prescriptions. The example described above of the example embodiment is additionally illustrated in Table 3, below. The table also demonstrates the optical power of the electroactive regions for various other distance vision problems. Table 3 Again, the increases or powers described in the example and in the table are only examples, as are the sizes and shapes of the electroactive regions, which, although they are shown in Figure 55b as circles having diameters of 12 and 28 mm, may vary depending on the patient's vision needs. The additional optical power of the intermediate far region could fluctuate from approximately 0.25 to 2.0 diopters, preferably from 0.25 to 0.75 diopters, which represents approximately 50% of the intermediate near power, which is traditionally around half of the prescribed powers. of near vision. An additional advantage of an additional stacked electro-active region for the intermediate far power is that when it is added to a near or near intermediate correction power, the intermediate far power could be additive to create a nearby "strong" near and / or near intermediate power. intermediate "strong". All regions 5560, 5565 and 5570 could be of the same size or could be of different sizes. In the case of stacked electroactive regions where they are all of the same size, a mixing area may not be desirable between near near intermediate to intermediate far near vision. In modalities in which the correction of far vision is provided through a fixed optic, only the mixing that may be desirable is from the far region in the electroactive region, i.e., the transition of near vision, near intermediate or distant intermediate directly to a distant vision. It should be appreciated that the order of the regions 5560, 5565 and 5570 is not critical and that the invention could work equally well in any case. For example, although Figure 55b shows region 5560 as the most distant electroactive region of the eye, it could be placed between regions 5565 and 5570. Similarly, region 5560 could be located as the electroactive region closest to the eye. Regardless of how many regions are stacked to create the vision correction zones, the operation of the zones could not be affected. In yet another example mode, near and near intermediate vision correction could be provided by a single electroactive region. An example of this embodiment is shown in Figure 56, in which regions 5550 and 5570 could be stacked one on top of the other. The 5550 region could provide both near and near intermediate vision correction zones. In this mode, only one of the 5550 or 5570 regions could be generally activated at the same time. If region 5550 was activated and region 5570 was not activated, the lens could provide near and near intermediate vision correction. A near vision correction zone is produced to observe through the portion of the lens that provides total power, in this example, the area of a circle having 6 mm radius. An intermediate near correction zone is produced to observe through the portion of the lens that provides only a much less near intermediate power, in this example, the area of a circle having a radius of 14 mm, minus the area of the area of near vision correction. Alternatively, if layer 5550 were not activated, even if layer 5570 were activated, the lens could provide an intermediate far vision correction zone. As in the other embodiments, outside the vision of the electroactive regions, a far vision correction zone with an optical power of the fixed distance optic could be provided. Although the vision correction regions of the example modalities discussed in this document are shown as circular regions, the regions could be of any shape, such as a substantially rectangular shape, for example, as shown in Figure 57. As shown in FIG. show in this example mode, both the near vision zone 5720 and the vision zone 5730, which could provide intermediate near and / or far intermediate vision through multiple stacked areas of the same size as discussed above, could be substantially rectangular in shape. The corners of the rectangles could be rounded. In this example embodiment, the near vision zone 5520 could be approximately 8 mm in height and approximately 18 mm in width, thus having an area of approximately 144 square mm. Area 5730 could be approximately 28 mm wide by approximately 28 mm high, thus having an area of approximately 784 square mm.

Area 5730 could have a useful height of approximately 10 mm when used with a near vision zone of the dimensions described. However, the dimensions described are exemplary only; other sizes and shapes are possible. The electroactive regions do not need to be stacked concentrically, and in some embodiments, it may be desirable to displace one or more of the electroactive regions. Electroactive layers that use liquid crystals are birefrigerant. That is, they have two different focal lengths in their non-activated state when exposed to unpolarized light. This birefringence causes double images or blurry images on the retina. There are two procedures to solve this problem. The first requires at least two electroactive layers to be used. One is made with the electroactive molecules aligned longitudinally in the layer, while the other is made with the molecules oriented in the longitudinal direction in its layer; therefore, the molecular alignment in the two layers is orthogonal to each other. In this way, both polarizations of light are equally focused by both of the layers, and all of the light is focused on the same focal length. This can be achieved by simply stacking the two electroactive layers aligned orthogonally or by an alternative design in which the central layer of the lens is a two-sided plate, that is, with identical diffraction patterns attacked on both sides. Then, the electroactive material is placed in a layer on both sides of the central plate, ensuring that its alignments are orthogonal. Next, a cover superstrate is placed on each electroactive refractive matrix to contain it. This provides a simpler design than the superposition of two different electroactive / diffractive layers on top of one with respect to the other. A different alternative requires the addition of a cholesteric liquid crystal in the electroactive material to provide a large chiral component. It has been found that a certain level of chiral concentration eliminates plane polarization sensitivity, and obviates the need for two electroactive layers of purely nematic liquid crystal (ie, digital display) as a component in the electroactive material. Next, with reference to the materials used for the electroactive layer, examples of classes of material and specific electroactive materials that can be used for the electroactive refractive matrix and the lens of the present invention are listed below. Unlike the liquid crystal materials listed below in class I, each of these classes of materials is generally referred to as polymer gels. Liquid Crystals This class includes any liquid crystal film that forms nematic, smectic, or cholesteric phases that have a long-range orientation order that can be controlled by an electric field. Examples of liquid nematic crystals are: pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB), (n-octyloxy) -4-cyanobiphenyl (80CB). Other examples of liquid crystals are n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, of the compound 4-cyano-4-n-alkyl biphenyls, 4-n-pentyloxy-biphenyl, 4-cyano-4"- n-alkyl-p-terphenyls, and commercial mixtures such as E7, E36, E46 and ZLI series made by BDH (British Drug House) -Merck Electro-Optical Polymers This class includes any transparent optical polymer material, such as those that are described in "Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook" by JE Mark, American Institute of Physics, Oodburry, NY, 1996, which contain molecules that have p-conjugated, polarized non-symmetric electrons between a donor group and an acceptor (referred to as a chromophore) group as those described in "Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials" by Ch. Bosshard et al., Gordon and Breach Publishers, Amsterdam, 1995. Examples of polymers are as follows: polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylcarbazole, polyimide, polysilane. Examples of chromophores are: paranitroaniline (PNA), disperse red 1 (DR 1), 3-methyl-4-methoxy-1-nitrostilbene, diethylaminonitrostilbene (DANS), diethylthio-barbituric acid. Electro-optical polymers can be produced by: a) following a guest / guest procedure, b) by covalently incorporating the chromophore into the polymer (pendant and main chain), and / or c) by grid hardening procedures such as the crosslinking. Polymer Liquid Crystals This class includes liquid polymer crystals (PLCs), which in some cases are also referred to as liquid crystalline polymers, liquid crystals of low molecular mass, self-reinforcing polymers, compounds of origin, and / or molecular compounds. . PLCs are copolymers containing relatively rigid and flexible simultaneous sequences, such as those described in "Liquid Crystalline Polymers: From Structures to Applications" by W. Brostow, edited by A.A. Collyer, Elsevier, New-York-London, 1992, Chapter 1. Examples of PLCs are: polymethacrylate comprising the benzoate side group of 4-cyanophenyl and other similar compounds.

Dispersed Polymer Liquid Crystals This class includes polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), which consist of dispersions of liquid crystal droplets in a polymer matrix. These materials can be elaborated in several ways: (i) by curvilinear aligned nematic phases (NCAP), by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), by solvent-induced phase separation (SIPS) and by separation of phase induced by polymerization (PIPS). Examples of PDLCs are: liquid crystal mixtures E7 (BDH-Merck) and NOA65 (Norland Products, Inc. NJ); mixtures of E44 (BDH-Merck) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); mixtures of E49 (BDH-Merck) and PMMA; mixtures of the monomer of penta acrylate dipentaerythrite hydroxy, liquid crystal E7, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-phenylglycine, and Rose Bengal dye. Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystals This class includes polymer stabilized liquid crystals (PSLCs), which are materials that consist of a liquid crystal in a polymer network in which the polymer constitutes less than 10% by weight of the liquid crystal. A monomer that can be light-cured is mixed together with a liquid crystal and a UV polymerization initiator. Once the liquid crystal is aligned, the polymerization of the monomer is commonly initiated by UV exposure and the polymer that originates creates a network that stabilizes the liquid crystal. For examples of PSLCs, see for example: CM Hudson et al., Optical Studies of Anisotropic Networks in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystals, Journal of the Society for Information Display, vol 5/3, 1-5, (1997), GP iederrecht et al, Photorefractivity in Polymer-Stabilized Nematic Liquid Crystals, J of Am. Chem. Soc, 120, 3231-3236 (1998). Self-assembled Non-Linear Supra-Molecular Structures This class includes organic asymetric electro-optical films, which can be manufactured using the following procedures: Langmuir-Blodgett films, which alternate the polyelectrolyte deposition (polyanion / polycation) of aqueous solutions, methods Molecular beam epitaxy, sequential synthesis by covalent coupling reactions (for example: a deposition of multiple self-assembled layers based on organotrichlorosilane). These techniques usually lead to thin films having a thickness less than about 1 m. Figure 29 is a perspective view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. The optical lens system in Figure 29 is shown to contain an optical lens 2900 having an outer perimeter 2910, a lens surface 2920, a power source 2930, a battery interconnect 2940, a transparent interconnection of conductor 2950, a controller 2960, a light emitting diode 2970, a radiation or light detector 2980 and an electroactive refractive matrix or region 2990. In this embodiment, the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 is contained in a cavity or recess 2999 of the optical lens 2900. As can be seen, this optical lens system is self-contained and can be placed on a wide variety of supports including eyeglass frames and foropteros. In use, the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 of the lens 2900 could be focused and regulated by the controller 2960 to improve a user's vision. This controller 2960 could receive power from the power supply source 2930 via the transparent conductor interconnection 2950 and could receive data signals via the transparent conductor interconnection 2950 of the radiation detector 2980. The 2950 controller could regulate these components, as well as others through these interconnections. When it works properly, the 2990 electroactive refractive matrix could refract the light that passes through it., so that the user of the 2900 lens has the ability to observe the images focused through the electroactive refractive matrix 2990. Because the optical lens system of Figure 29 is self-contained, the 2900 optical lens could be placed in various frames and other supports, even when these frames and other supports could not contain specific support components for the lens system. As noted, each of the light emitting diode 2970, the radiation detector 2980, the controller 2960 and the power supply source 2930 are coupled to each other and the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 by means of several conductor interconnections. As can be seen, the power source 2930 is directly coupled to the controller 2960 through a transparent interconnection of conductor 2950. This transparent conductor interconnection is mainly used to transport the power to the controller, which can then be selectively powered to both the diode light emitter 2970, the radiation detector 2980 and the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 as necessary. While the transparent interconnection of conductor 2950 in this embodiment is preferred to be transparent, it may also be translucent or opaque in alternative embodiments. In order to assist in focusing the electroactive refractive matrix 2990, a light emitting diode 2970 and a radiation detector 2980 could work in conjunction with each other as a scope finder to help focus the electroactive refractive matrix 2990. For example, the visible and invisible light could be emitted from the light emitting diode 2970. The reflection of this emitted light can then be perceived by the radiation detector 2980 and could generate an identification signal in which it has detected the reflected beam of light . Based on the reception of this signal, controller 2960, which regulates both of these activities, could determine the distance for a specific object. Upon realization of this distance, the controller 2960, previously programmed with the appropriate optical compensation of the user, could then generate signals that activate the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 allowing the user to observe through the optical lens 2900 to look at the object or image with greater clarity. In this embodiment, the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 is shown as a circle with a diameter of 35 mm, and the optical lens 2900 is also shown as a circle, this time with a diameter of 70 mm and a central lens thickness of approximately 2 mm However, in alternative embodiments, the 2900 optical lens and the 2990 electroactive refractive matrix could also be configured in other standard and non-standard shapes and sizes. In each of these alternative sizes and orientations, it is preferred that the position and size of the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 be such that the user of the system can easily observe the images and objects through the portion of the electroactive refractive matrix. 2990 of the lens. The other components in the optical lens 2900 could be located in other positions of the optical lens 2900. However, it is preferred that any position chosen for these individual components is not obstructive to the user as much as possible. In other words, it is preferred that these other components be located outside the main viewing path of the user. In addition, it is also preferred that these components be as small and transparent as possible while also reducing the risk of obstruction in the user's visual line. In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the electroactive refractive matrix 2990 could be level with or substantially flush with the surface of the optical lens 2920. In addition, the interconnections could be located on the lens along the radius of the lens projecting out of the lens. central point . If the interconnections are placed in this mode, the lenses could be rotated in their supports to align the interconnections in their less obstructive orientation. However, as can be seen in Figure 29, this preferred interconnection design does not always need to be followed. In Figure 29, rather than having all the components located along a single interconnection along the radius of the lens 2900, the radiation detector 2980 and the light emitting diode 2970 have been placed on the non-radial interconnects 2950. However, it is preferred to place as many of the various components, if not all, along the radius of the lens so that its obstruction can be minimized. Furthermore, it is also preferred that the interconnection or other conductive material be accessible from the outer periphery of the lens, so that the individual lens components can be accessed, controlled or programmed as needed from the edge of the lens, even if the lens would have been attacked or beveled to place a particular frame. This accessibility could include a direct exposure to the exterior of the lens, as well as being located next to the surface of the perimeter and later to be reached by means of a penetration in the lens. Figure 30 is a perspective view of a lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Like the modality of Figure 29, this modality also shows a lens system that could be used to correct or improve a user's refractive error. The lens system of Figure 30 includes a frame 3010, a transparent conductor interconnect 3050, a light emitting diode / scope finder 3070, a nose pad 3080, a power source 3030, a translucent controller 3060, a electroactive refractive matrix 3090 and an optical lens 3000. As can be seen in Figure 30, controller 3060 is located along the transparent conductor interconnect 3050 between the electroactive refractive matrix 3090 and the power supply source 3030. As also it can be seen, the range finder 3070 is connected to the controller 3060 along a different conductor interconnection. In this embodiment, the optical lens 3000 is placed and supported by the frame 3010. Further, rather than having the power supply 3030 mounted on or in the optical lens 3000, the power supply 3030 is placed on the pad of nose 3080, which in turn is connected to controller 3060 through nose pad connector 3020. An advantage of this configuration is that the power supply 3030 could easily be replaced or recharged as required. Figure 31 is a perspective view of an alternative lens system according to another embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 31, the controller 3160, the strip or strip 3170, the frame 3110, the conductive interconnect 3150, the electroactive refractive matrix 3190, the optical lens 3100, the frame shank or hollow aperture 3130 and the signal conductors 3180 are labeled Rather than placing the controller 3160 on or within the optical lens 3100, as shown in the above embodiments, the controller 3160 has been placed on the strip 3170. This controller 3160 is connected to the electroactive refractive matrix 3190 through the conductors of signal 3180, which are located within the hollow aperture frame rod 3130 of the frame 3110 and move to the controller 3160 by means of the strip 3170. By placing the controller 3160 on the strip 3170, the user's prescription can be carried with this from a lens system to another lens system only when undocking strip 3170? placing it on an alternative frame to be carried by the user. Figure 32 is a perspective view of a lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. Frame 3210, as well as the electroactive refractive matrix 3290, the optical lens 3200 and the internal frame signal conductors 3280, can all be seen in Figure 32. In this embodiment, the frame 3210 contains the internal frame signal conductors 3280 to the that can be accessed from any point along its length, so that information and energy can be easily provided to the 3200 optical lens components without considering their orientation in the 3210 frame. In other words, Regardless of the position of the radial interconnection of the 3200 optical lens, the radial interconnection may have the ability to connect the internal frame signal conductors 3280 and provide both power and information in order to control the electroactive refractive matrices 3290. The AA cut of Figure 32. clearly shows these internal 3280 frame signal drivers. In another mode Alternatively, rather than having two internal 3280 frame signal drivers, only one could be provided within the frame, leaving the frame itself to be used as a conductor to facilitate the transport of energy and other information to the components. Still further, more than two internal frame conductors could also be used in an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In addition, in another alternative embodiment, rather than having a single radial interconnection connecting the refractive matrix with the frame signal conductors, a conductive layer could be used instead. In this alternative embodiment, this conductive layer could cover all portions of the lens or only a portion thereof. In a preferred embodiment, this portion will be transparent and will cover the entire lens in order to minimize the distortion associated with the layer boundary. When this layer is used, the number of access points along the outer perimeter of the lens could be increased by extending the layer towards the outer periphery in more than one position. In addition, this layer could also be divided into compartments in individual sub-regions to provide a plurality of paths or paths between the edge of the lens and the components within it. Figure 33 is an exploded perspective view of an optical lens system according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 33, an optical lens 3330 can be observed with an electroactive refractive matrix 3390 and an optical toroid 3320. In this embodiment, the electroactive refractive matrix 3390 has been placed inside the optical toroid 3320 and subsequently secured to the rear of the 3330 optical lens. By doing so in this manner, the optical toroid 3320 forms a cavity recess in the rear of the optical lens 3330 to support, hold and contain the electroactive refractive matrix 3390. Once this optical lens system has been assembled , the front part of the optical lens 3330 can then be molded, it can be given a surface molding, it can be laminated or treated to further configure the optical lens system for specific refractive and optical needs of the user. Consistent with the above embodiments, the electroactive refractive matrix 3390 can be activated and controlled to improve a user's vision.

Figure 34 is another exploded view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 34, an optical lens 3400, an electroactive refractive matrix 3490 and a carrier 3480 can be observed. Rather than using the toroid as in the previous embodiment to help orient the electroactive refractive matrix on the optical lens, the electroactive refractive matrix 3490 in this embodiment it is coupled with the optical lens 3400 by means of the carrier 3480. Similarly, the other components 3470, which are needed to support the electroactive refractive matrix 3490, could also be coupled with the carrier 3480. By doing so in this way , these components 3470 and the electroactive refractive matrix 3490 can be easily secured in the different optical lenses. In addition, each of the carrier 3480, its components 3470 and the electroactive refractive matrix 3490 could be covered with another material or substance to protect them from damage either before or after they are coupled with the lens. The carrier 3480 could be made with a number of possible materials including a membrane of a polymer mesh, a flexible or foldable plastic, a ceramic, a fiberglass and a compound of any of these materials. Accordingly, this carrier 3480 could be flexible and rigid depending on its material composition. In each case, it is preferred that the carrier 3480 be transparent, although it could be inked or translucent in alternative embodiments and could also provide other desired properties to the lens 3400. Depending on the type of material the carrier 3480 is comprised of, various manufacturing processes they could be employed including micro-machining and wet and dry chemical etching of the lens to form the recess or cavity in which the carrier can be mounted. These techniques could also be used to manufacture the carrier itself, including the chemical attack on one or both sides of the carrier in order to create a diffractive pattern that corrects any type of optical aberrations created by the carrier. Figures 35a-35e show a mounting sequence that could be employed in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 35a, frame 3500 and eye 3570 of a user can be clearly observed. In Figure 35b, the electroactive refractive matrix 3580 of the optical lens 3505, the radial interconnection 3540 and various rotation and position arrows 3510, 3520 and 3530 can also be observed. Figure 35c shows the optical lens system with its radial interconnection 3540 in the 9 o'clock position. Figure 35d shows the same optical lens system of Figure 35c after it has been beveled and a portion of the outer perimeter or region has been removed in preparation for mounting to frame 3500. Figure 35e shows a complete lens system having the electroactive refractive matrix centered on the eye of the user in a first region and the radial interconnection 3540 and the power supply source 3590 being located between the eye of the user and the leg of the frame 3500 in the perimeter region of the lens. The perimeter region and the first region combined comprise the entire lens blank in this embodiment. However, in other embodiments they could only comprise a portion of the total lens blank. A technician assembling this lens system according to one embodiment of the present invention could proceed as follows. In a first step depicted in Figure 35a, the frame 3500, which will be placed with the electroactive lens, could be placed on the front of a user to place the center of the user eye 3570 with respect to the frame. After placing the center of the user eye with respect to the frame, the electroactive lens could then be rotated, positioned, beveled and cut, so that the center of the electroactive refractive matrix 3580 is aligned with respect to the user eye 3570 when the user wears the frame. This rotation and cutting are shown in Figures 35b, 35c and 35d. Once the lens has been beveled and cut to properly position the electroactive refractive matrix 3580 on the eye of the user, the source of electrical energy or other components can then be rapidly disconnected at the lens interconnect 3540 and the lens could be secured in the frame as shown in Figure 35e. This rapid disconnection process could include pushing the conductors of each of the components through the surface of the lens and in the direction of the interconnection to secure the component in the lens, as well as to provide their connection to each other and to each other. components. While the electroactive lens system and the electroactive matrix are described to be centered on the front or on the user's eye, both the lens and the electroactive matrix could also be placed in other orientations in the user's visual field, which includes the displacement of the user's eye center. In addition, due to the innumerable shapes and sizes of available eyeglass frames, because the lens could be beveled, thereby allowing its dimensions to be changed, the lens could finally be assembled by a technician so that they fit a wide diversity of frames and individual users. In addition to the simple use of the electroactive refractive matrix to correct the user's vision, one or both of the lens surfaces could also be surface molded or earthed to additionally compensate for the user's refractive error. In the same way, the lens surface could also be laminated to compensate for the user's optical aberrations. In this modality, as well as in others, the technician could use standard lens primordia for the assembly of the system. These lens primers could fluctuate approximately 30 to 80 mm with the most common sizes that are 60, 65, 70, 72 and 75 mm. These lens primordia could be coupled with an electroactive refractive matrix placed on a carrier before or during some time of the assembly process. Figures 36a-36e illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention that represents another assembly sequence, wherein rather than having the range finder and the electric power source located on the lens, in reality these components are coupled with the frame in itself. Illustrated in Figures 36a-36e, there is a frame 3600, the user eye 3670, the orientation and rotation arrows 3610, 3620 and 3630, the electroactive refractive matrix 3680 of the optical lens 3605 and a transparent interconnection of component 3640. In the same way as in the previous mode, the user's eye could first be placed inside the frame. Next, the lens could be rotated with respect to the eye of the user, so that the electroactive refractive matrix 3680 is suitably located at the front of the user's eye. Next, the lens could be configured and grounded as necessary and inserted into the frame. In concurrence with this introduction of the scope finder, the battery and other 3690 components could also be coupled with the lens. Figures 37a-37f still provide another alternative embodiment of the present invention. The transparent interconnect 3740, the electroactive refractive matrix 3780, the user eye 3770, the rotation arrows 3710, the scope finder or controller and the power source 3730 and a multi-conductor wire 3720 are represented through all of these Figures In this alternative embodiment, in addition to completing the steps described in the other two mounting modes, another step could also be completed, which is shown in Figure 37e. This step, shown in Figure 37e, causes the wrapping of the outer circumference of the lens with a multi-conductor washer or wire system 3720. This 3720 wire system could be used to carry signals and energy to and from the matrix electroactive refractive 3780, as well as the other components. The wires of the current signal in the multi-conductor washer 3720 could include indium-tin oxide [ITO] materials as well as gold, silver, copper or any other suitable conductor. Figure 38 is an exploded isometric view of an integrated controller and scope finder that could be employed in the present invention. Rather than having the controller and the range finder connected to each other by means of an interconnection as shown in other embodiments, in this mode the range finder, consisting of a radiation detector 3810 and an infrared light emitting diode 3820, it is directly connected to the controller 3830. Then, this total unit could be coupled with the frame or the lens as described in the above embodiments. While the 1.5 and 5 mm dimensions are shown in Figure 38, other dimensions and configurations could also be employed. Figure 39 is an exploded perspective view of a controller and a power supply integrated energy according to yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the controller 3930 is directly connected to the power source 3940. Figure 40 is an exploded perspective view of a power source 4040, a controller 4030 and an integrated scope finder according to another embodiment alternative of the present invention. As can be seen in Figure 40, the radiation detector 4010 and the light emitting diode 4020 (the scope finder) are connected to the controller 4030, which in turn is connected to the power supply 4030. The same so that with the previous modalities, the dimensions shown in this case (3.5 and 6.5 mm) are exemplary and alternative dimensions could also be used. Each of Figures 41-43 is a perspective view of a lens system according to several alternative embodiments of the present invention. Figure 41 is a lens system employing a combination 4130 of controller and rangefinder, which in turn is connected to the electroactive refractive matrix 4140 and to the power supply 4110 via the interconnections of the power conductor 4120. In comparative form, Figure 42 shows a combined power source and controller 4240 which is connected to the light emitting diode 4220 and the radiation detector 4210 (scope finder) and the electroactive refractive matrix 4230 through the interconnections transparent conductor 4250. Figure 43 illustrates the positioning of the combined power source, controller and scope finder 4320, located along the transparent interconnection of radial conductor 4330, which in turn is connected to the refractive region electroactive 4310. In each of these three figures, several dimensions and diameters are shown. It should be understood that these dimensions and diameters are simply illustrative and that various other dimensions and diameters could be employed. It should also be appreciated that various embodiments of the invention have a wide variety of uses in the field of photonics and telecommunications. For example, the electroactive systems described herein could be used to direct and / or focus a light beam, or laser light, which could have uses in optical communications and in optical computing, such as optical switching and data storage. In addition, the electroactive systems described in this document could be used by complex imaging systems to place an optical image in a three-dimensional space. Figure 48 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 48, the electroactive optical system 4800 includes a first electroactive element 4820, a second electroactive element 4830, a third electroactive element 4840 and a range search device 4850. Also as shown in Figure 48, an image 4810 is represented by an arrow at a first point in a three dimensional space.

The image could be, for example, a beam of light, a laser beam or a real or virtual optical image. Accordingly, the electroactive optical system 4800 could be used to focus the image 4810 at a predetermined point in a three dimensional space. The first electroactive element 4820 could be used to move, or displace, the image 4810 along the x-axis. This could be achieved if the appropriate series of signals is applied to the first electroactive element 4820 in order to produce a horizontal prism in the first electroactive element 4820. The second electroactive element 4830 could be used in a similar way as the first electroactive element 4820, in order to produce the vertical prism and move the 4810 image along the y-axis. The third electroactive element 4840 could be used to focus the 4810 image along the z-axis by adjusting the optical power of the 4800 system to a more positive or more negative optical power, depending on the desired position of the originating image. In addition, the range search device 4850 could be used to detect the position of a target, for example, a detector in the image field where the user wishes to focus the image that originates. The range search device 4850 could then determine the degree of focus required in the third electroactive element 4840 to reach the originating image 4860 that is desired by the user at the predetermined point in the three dimensional space. It should be appreciated that the scope search device 4850 could be in the form of the range finder modes described above, which includes an integrated power source, a controller and a range search system. Figure 49 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 49, the electroactive optical system 4900 includes a first electroactive element 4920, a second electroactive element 4930 and a range search device 4950. Also shown in Figure 49 is an image 4910 which is represented by a arrow in a first point in the space of three dimensions. The image could be, for example, a beam of light, a laser beam or a real or virtual optical image. Accordingly, the electroactive optical system 4900 could be used to focus the image 4910 at a predetermined point in the three dimensional space. The first electroactive element 4920 could be used to move, or displace, the image 4910 along both the x-axis and the y-axis. This could be achieved by applying the appropriate series of signals in the first electroactive element 4920 in order to produce a horizontal and vertical prism in the first electroactive element 4920. In this embodiment, the prism could be produced with either a horizontal component or a component vertical, which is simply opposite to a horizontal component or simply still vertical component. The second electroactive element 4930 could be used to focus the 4910 image along the z-axis by adjusting the optical power of the 4900 system at a more positive or more negative optical power, depending on the desired position of the image that originates. In addition, the range search device 4950 could be used to detect the position of a target, for example, a detector, in the image field where the user wishes to focus the originating image. The range search device 4950 could then determine the degree of focus required in the second electroactive element 4930 to achieve the originating image 4960 that is desired by the user at a predetermined point in the three dimensional space. It should be appreciated that the scope search device 4950 may be in the form of the range finder modes described above., which includes an integrated power supply, a controller and a range search system. Figure 50 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 50, the electroactive optical system 5000 includes a first electroactive element 5020 and a range search device 5050. Also shown in Figure 50 is an image 5010 which is represented by an arrow at a first point in the space of three dimensions. The image could be, for example, a beam of light, a laser beam or a real or virtual optical image. Accordingly, the electroactive optical system 5000 could be used to focus the image 5010 at a predetermined point in the three dimensional space. The first electroactive element 5020 could be used to move, or displace, the image 5010 along both the x-axis and the y-axis. This could be achieved by applying the appropriate series of signals in the first electroactive element 5020 in order to produce a horizontal and vertical prism in the first electroactive element 5020. In this embodiment, the prism could be produced with either a horizontal component or a component vertical, which is opposed simply to a horizontal component or simply to a vertical component. In addition, the first electroactive element 5020 could be used to focus the image 5010-along the z-axis by adjusting the optical power of the system 5000 to a more positive or more negative optical power, depending on the desired position of the image that originates. The range search device 5050 could be used to detect the position of a target, for example, a detector, in the image field where the user wishes to focus the image that originates. The range search device 5050 could then determine the degree of focus required in the first electroactive element 5020 in order to achieve the originating image 5060 that is desired by the user at the predetermined point in the three dimensional space. Accordingly, the optical system 5000 would produce a series with the same optical properties as an optical lens with a prism at a fixed angle and having a desired spherical power. It should be appreciated that the scope search device 5050 could be in the form of the range finder modes described above, which includes an integrated power source, a controller and the range search system. Figure 51 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 51, the electroactive optical system 5100 includes a first element 5120, a second electroactive element 5130, a range search device 5150. As also shown in Figure 51, an image 5110 is represented by an arrow in a first point in the space of three dimensions. The image could be, for example, a beam of light, a laser beam or a real or virtual optical image. Accordingly, the electroactive optical system 5100 could be used to focus the image 5110 at a predetermined point in the three dimensional space. The first element 5120 could be used to select a specific wavelength of light from the image or beam 5110. This could be achieved by using a static monochromatic filter, or a chromatic filter of mechanical or electrical exchange. The second electroactive element 5130 could be used to move, or displace, the image 5110 along both the x-axis and the y-axis. This could be achieved by applying the appropriate series of signals in the second electroactive element 5130 in order to produce a horizontal and vertical prism in the second electroactive element 5130. In this embodiment, the prism could be produced with either a horizontal component or a component vertical, which is opposite to simply a horizontal component or simply a vertical component. The second electroactive element 5130 could also be used to focus the image 5110 along the z-axis by adjusting the optical power of the 5100 system at a more positive or more negative optical power, depending on the desired position of the image which originates. In addition, the scope search device 5150 could be used to detect the position of a target, for example, a detector, in the image field where the user wishes to focus the image that originates. The scope search device 5150 could then determine the degree of focus required in the second electroactive element 5130 to achieve the 5160 originating image desired by the user at the predetermined point in the three dimensional space. Accordingly, the optical system 5100 would produce a series with the same optical properties as an optical lens with a prism at a fixed angle and having a desired spherical power. It should be appreciated that the range search device 5150 may be in the form of the range finder modes described above, which includes an integrated power source, a controller, and a range search system. Figure 52 is a perspective view of an electroactive optical system according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 52, the electroactive optical system 5200 includes a first element 5220, a second electroactive element 5230 and a range search device 5250. Also as shown in Figure 52, an image 5210 is represented by an arrow in a first point in the space of three dimensions. The image could be, for example, a beam of light, a laser beam or a real or virtual optical image. Accordingly, the electroactive optical system 5200 could be used to focus the image 5210 at a predetermined point in the three dimensional space. The first element 5220 could be a fixed lens used to provide a large, or total, adjustment of the position of the image originating along the z-axis. The second electroactive element 5230 could be used to move, or displace, the image 5210 along both the x-axis and the y-axis. This could be achieved by applying the appropriate series of signals in the second electroactive element 5230 in order to produce a horizontal and vertical prism in the second electroactive element 5230. In this embodiment, the prism could be produced with either a horizontal component or a component vertical, which is simply opposite to a horizontal component or simply to a vertical component. The second electroactive element 5230 could also be used to focus the image 5210 along the z-axis by adjusting the optical power of the system 5200 at a more positive or more negative power, in combination with the first element 5220, as a function of the position desired of the image that originates. In addition, the scope search device 5250 could be used to detect the position of an object, for example, a detector, in the image field where the user wishes to focus the image that originates. The range search device 5250 could then determine the degree of focus required in the second electroactive element 5230, in combination with the first element 5220, to achieve the originating image 5260 desired by the user at the predetermined point in the space of three dimensions. Accordingly, the optical system 5200 would produce a series with the same optical properties as an optical lens with a prism at a fixed angle and having a desired spherical power. It should be appreciated that the scope search device 5250 could be in the form of the range finder modes described above, which includes an integrated power source, a controller and a scope search system. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that although a fixed lens has only been described above with reference to Figure 52 for use in adjusting the focal length of the originating image, a fixed lens with any of the electroactive optical systems described could be employed. previously to direct or focus an optical image in the space of three dimensions. For example, the various embodiments described above could be used in any image formation system designed to record an optical image, such as digital or conventional cameras, video recorders and other devices for recording an optical image. While various embodiments of the present invention have been discussed above, other embodiments also within the spirit and scope of the present invention are also plausible. For example, in addition to each of the components described above, a tracker or eye follower could also be added to the lens to search or track the movements of the user's eye, both during focus of the electroactive refractive matrix, as well as to perform various other functions and services for the user. In addition, while a combined LED and radiation detector have been described as a scope finder, other components could also be used to complete this function.

It is noted that in relation to this date the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

167 CLAIMS Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. Multifocal electroactive spectacles, characterized in that they comprise: an electroactive lens that includes a battery of at least two electroactive regions that produce a plurality of areas with different vision corrections; and a controller that activates, independently, each electroactive region to produce the plurality of zones with different vision corrections. 2. The multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 1, further characterized in that they comprise a far vision correction area produced by a fixed distance optic. 3. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the plurality of vision correction zones is an intermediate remote zone for vision correction. 4. The multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 3, characterized in that the vision correction that is provided by the intermediate far zone is approximately 0.25 to 2.0 diopters. 5. 168 multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 3, characterized in that the vision correction that is provided by the intermediate far zone is approximately 0.25 to 0.75 diopters. 6. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack of at least two electroactive regions produces at least the near and near intermediate zones for vision correction. 7. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that the stack of at least two electroactive regions produces at least the near, intermediate near and far intermediate zones for vision correction. 8. The multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the lens has a battery of at least three electroactive regions. 9. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 8, characterized in that at least the three electroactive regions produce at least the near, intermediate near and far intermediate zones for vision correction. 10. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 9, characterized in that the near zone for vision correction is produced. activating all three electroactive regions. 11. The multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 9, characterized in that the vision correction of the intermediate far zone is additive to the vision correction of the near and near intermediate zones. 12. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 8, characterized in that at least all three electroactive regions are from the same area. 13. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 8, characterized in that one of the electroactive regions has a smaller area than at least two of the other electroactive regions. 14. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 13, characterized in that the smallest electroactive region is the most distant electroactive region with respect to the pupil when the lens is worn by a patient. 15. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 13, characterized in that the smallest electroactive region is the electroactive region closest to the pupil when the lens is worn by a patient. 16. 170 multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 13, characterized in that the smallest electroactive region is in between at least the other two electroactive regions. 17. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of vision correction zones are centered with respect to the pupil. 18. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of vision correction zones are vertically decentered from the pupil. 19. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of vision correction zones are horizontally decentered from the pupil. 20. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of vision correction zones are offset from the pupil outside the close correction zone. 21. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 1, characterized in that the electroactive regions are substantially rectangular. 22. The multifocal electroactive glasses of 171 according to claim 1, further characterized in that they comprise at least one electroactive mixing zone between the plurality of vision correction zones. 23. The multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 22, characterized in that the optical power in the mixing zone decreases linearly from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power, as the plurality of vision correction zones transits. from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power. 24. The multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 22, characterized in that the optical power in the mixing zone exponentially decreases from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power, as the plurality of correction zones transits. from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power. 25. The multifocal electroactive glasses according to claim 22, characterized in that the optical power in the mixing zone decreases by a polynomial function of the highest optical power at the lowest optical power, as the plurality of correction zones of vision transits from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power. 26. Multifocus Electroactive Eyeglasses, 172 characterized in that they comprise: an electroactive lens including at least one electroactive region that produces a plurality of zones with different vision corrections and at least one mixing zone between the plurality of vision correction zones; and a controller that activates, independently, each electroactive region to produce the plurality of vision correction zones and at least one mixing zone. 27. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 26, characterized in that the optical power in the mixing zone decreases linearly from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power, as the plurality of vision correction zones transits. from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power. 28. The multifocal electroactive spectacles according to claim 26, characterized in that the optical power in the mixing zone exponentially decreases from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power, as the plurality of correction zones transits. from the highest optical power to the lowest optical power. 29. The multifocal electroactive glasses of 173 according to claim 26, characterized in that the optical power in the mixing zone decreases by a polynomial function of the highest optical power at the lowest optical power, as the plurality of vision correction zones transits the optical power highest to the lowest optical power. 30. An electroactive lens, characterized in that it comprises: two electroactive stacked regions, in which a first region produces a near vision correction zone and an intermediate near vision correction zone when it is activated and in which a second region produces a intermediate far vision correction zone when activated, only one electroactive region is activated at any time; and a controller that activates, independently, each electroactive region to produce the plurality of zones with different vision corrections. 31. An electroactive lens, characterized in that it comprises: three electroactive stacked regions that produce a near vision correction zone when three electroactive regions are activated and which produce an intermediate near vision correction zone when two electroactive regions are activated and which produce a area of 174 Distant intermediate vision when only one electroactive region is activated; and a controller that activates, independently, each electroactive region to produce the plurality of zones with different vision corrections. 32. Electroactive glasses according to claim 31, characterized in that all three electroactive regions are from the same area. 33. The electroactive glasses according to claim 31, characterized in that one of the three electroactive regions is of a smaller area than the other two electroactive regions. 34. The electroactive glasses according to claim 33, characterized in that the electroactive area of smaller area provides approximately 50% of the optical power for near vision correction. 35. The electroactive glasses according to claim 34, characterized in that each of the two remaining active regions provides approximately 25% of the optical power for near vision correction.