MXPA03000291A - Process for the in line manufacture of water-in-fuel oil emulsions for reducing the emission of particles, sulphur trioxide and deposits accumulation. - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for the in line development of water-in-fuel oil emulsions so as to be used in thermoelectric central stations, boilers and industrial kilns. Said invention useful for reducing the emission of particles, neutralizing damaging effects of sulphur trioxide and contributing to minimize the accumulation of deposits on outer surfaces of pipes and air preheaters. The disclosure is characterized for feeding a manganese or calcium-based chemical product in aqueous solution that is stored (30 degree C) in a tank, into a second tank where the emulsion water is stored. The aqueous solution is maintained in a constant flow and the water is supplied to the fuel line by means of a pump, before the fuel is supplied to burners. Moreover, the fuel oil that is at a temperature of 50 degree C is suctioned from the day tank along with the water and both pass through steam heaters, thereby increasing the temperature up to 130 degree C, then said liquids pass through an elastic mixer where the water-in-fuel oil emulsi on is carried out and finally sent to the burners. 80% of the water drops of the emulsion are smaller than 4 micron.

Description

PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION IN LINE OF EMULSIONS WATER IN COMBUSTOLE, TO REDUCE THE EMISSION OF PARTICLES, SULFUR TRIOXIDE AND REDUCE THE ACCUMULATION OF DEPOSITS. BACKGROUND AND FIELD OF THE INVENTION. This invention refers to the on-line development of water emulsions in fuel oil, to be used in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in order to reduce the emission of particles, neutralize the harmful effects of sulfur trioxide, and contribute to minimize the accumulation of deposits on the external surfaces of the tubes and in the air preheater. The refining processes of the oil are gradually improved, moreover crude oil is extracted more and more heavy, thus producing waste of lower quality. For this reason, viscosity, asphaltenes, sulfur, vanadium and sodium among others have increased in these. The combustion of this type of fuel oil, in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, produces greater emission of particles to the environment, increases the formation of sulfur trioxide, which produces corrosion in the internal parts of these equipment, and produces greater accumulation of deposits on air tubes and pre-heaters, which affect thermal efficiency and availability.

The technology of the emulsions has been used by several companies, to reduce fundamentally the emission of particles. However, they use a package of equipment for batch preparation or online, which upon completion of tests is removed from the site. They also use emulsifying agents to stabilize the emulsions, which increases the cost of production. In addition, they use relatively high amounts of water (from 10 to 12%), which can affect thermal efficiency (from 0.70 to 0.84%). To reduce the formation of sulfur trioxide, commercial companies use dispersions of magnesium oxide in oil, which are added in the fuel supply line to burners, which can produce erosion in the latter's atomizers and thereby affect combustion. In addition, additive particles can accumulate in the water walls, modifying the heat transfer in the furnace. They also use magnesium hydroxide powder, which is added to the flue gases before the air preheater. Generally large quantities are used, so premature fouling of the air pre-heaters or accumulation of additive in the recirculating gas fans can occur, thereby increasing the level of vibrations, which can limit the load. In the present invention, the water-in-fuel oil emulsions are prepared in line, with a permanent installation, performing a minimum of modifications to the fuel supply system, no emulsifying agents are used to stabilize the emulsions and 5% of the emulsion is used. Water. With this amount of water, a significant reduction in particle concentration is obtained. In addition, aqueous products are used, magnesium and calcium base, added in the water of the emulsions. The first is used as neutralizer of sulfur trioxide present in the combustion gases, while the second, is used as a catalyst, to accelerate the combustion of the particles and thus contribute to reduce their emission. These products are oxidized in the flame, producing very fine particles, with a high specific surface, mixing properly in the combustion gases, therefore they are very efficient to reduce the formation of sulfur trioxide and increase the reduction of particles. Additionally, a calcium base product, soluble in the fuel oil, is added to the fuel feeding system to increase the particle reduction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. In view of the foregoing, it is the object of this invention to provide a process for the continuous online processing of water emulsions in fuel oil., to reduce the emission of particles, neutralize the sulfur trioxide and contribute to minimize the accumulation of deposits on the external surfaces of air tubes and preheaters. To do this, a tank is used where the chemical is stored in aqueous solution, magnesium or calcium base. The first is used to neutralize the effects of sulfur trioxide, while the second is a catalyst-to increase particle reduction. From the indicated tank, the respective chemical is pumped to the tank containing the water for the emulsion, where with another pump it is kept in recirculation and the water is supplied to the fuel line, before the pump that supplies the fuel oil to burners . On the other hand, the fuel oil is sucked from the day tank, which together with the water passes through the steam heaters, and later through a static mixer, where the water emulsion is produced in fuel oil. The water droplet size and distribution is a function of the design characteristics of the static mixer. The amount of water in the emulsion is regulated by means of a control system that relates the water flow / fuel flow. Another alternative for the preparation of in-line emulsions, using a catalyst soluble in the combustion, calcium base, is the following: the water for the emulsion is stored in a tank and is supplied to the fuel line, before the pump that supplies the combustion to burners. The calcium-based catalyst is stored in a tank and is supplied with a pump to the fuel line, also before the fuel pump to burners. From the day tank the fuel oil is sucked, which together with the water and the oil soluble catalyst, pass through the steam heaters, and later through a static mixer, where the water emulsion is produced in combustion. The reduction of the particles with the emulsions described, will contribute to decrease the accumulation in the air preheater, because there will be less of them, which can potentially be deposited. The magnesium added in the emulsions will contribute to the formation of inorganic compounds with a higher melting temperature and with this, their accumulation in the external surfaces of the tubes will be reduced. Additionally, magnesium will contribute to decrease the concentration of sulfur trioxide and thereby reduce corrosion in air preheaters. These and other objects to be obtained in the practice of this invention will be better understood and appreciated with the reading of the following description, which refers to the particular modalities of the chemical products to be used in the preparation of in-line emulsions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES. Figure 1 shows a flow diagram of the permanent system of online preparation of water emulsions in fuel oil, adding magnesium-soluble chemical products to the water of the emulsion to neutralize sulfur trioxide and calcium to increase the reduction of particles. Figure 2 presents the flow diagram of the permanent system for preparing in line water emulsions in fuel oil, adding a calcium-soluble product in the fuel oil, which will contribute to the reduction of particles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION. The novel process of this invention, for the on-line development of water emulsions in fuel oil, using 5¾ of water and magnesium and calcium soluble products thereof, is carried out as shown in Figure 1.

In the tank (1) is stored at room temperature, the chemical in aqueous solution of magnesium or calcium. The chemical is sent with the pump (2), to the tank that contains the water for the emulsion (3) at 30"C. With the pump (4), the solution is maintained in recirculation to the tank (3) and is also supplied through the water flow meter (5) to the fuel line, before entering the fuel oil pump (7). The water flow is 5¾ with respect to the fuel oil. This pump sucks the fuel from the day tank (6), at a temperature of 50"'C, and passes the fuel oil and water through the steam heater (8), increasing the temperature to 130" C. The most ico meter (9) measures and records the fuel flow, which passes through the static mixer (10), where the emulsion is produced. Finally, this is distributed to the burners (11) of the boiler. Another alternative of the novel process of this invention, for the on-line development of water emulsions in fuel oil, using 5¾ of water and a soluble product in the calcium-based fuel oil, is carried out as shown in Figure 2. The water for the emulsion is stored in the tank (1) at 30 '' C, with the pump (2) supplied, passing through the water flow meter (3), to the fuel line, before the fuel oil pump ( 7). The oil-soluble calcium base chemical is stored in the tank (5), from which the pump (6) supplies the fuel line. The fuel oil is stored in the day tank (4) and sucked at 50"C with the pump (7), it passes through the steam heater (8), water, calcium chemical and fuel, increasing the temperature to 130 ° C. The mass meter (9) measures and records the fuel flow, passing through the static mixer (10), where the emulsion is produced, finally, it is distributed to the burners (11) of the boiler Depending on the type of chemical used, the following emulsions are prepared: The first emulsion is prepared with 95.00¾ of fuel oil, adding 4.64 to 4.88¾ of water and 0.12 to 0.36¾ of solution of magnesium acetate With the online preparation system, described in Figure 1, the emulsion is obtained with magnesium acetate.This emulsion contains a magnesium product to neutralize the effects of sulfur trioxide present in the gases of magnesium acetate. In this emulsion, the 80¾ of the drops of water are less than 4 microns. The second emulsion, also with a neutralizer of sulfur trioxide, is prepared in line according to the process presented in Figure 1. For this, 95.00? Of fuel oil is used, 4.40 to 4.80% of water are added, and 0.20 to 0.60% magnesium nitrate solution. This results in water emulsion in fuel oil with Magnesium nitrate. The third emulsion prepared in line, according to the process described through Figure 1, is produced with 95.00'A of fuel oil, in addition to 4.18 to 4.73% of water and 0.27 to 0.82% of calcium acetate solution. This results in an emulsion, which uses calcium as a catalyst, which contributes to reducing the particles of the fuel oil combustion process. The fourth emulsion prepared following the process described in Figure 2, requires 94.83 to 94.94¾ of fuel oil, 5.00¾ of water and 0.06 to 0.17¾ of calcium naphthenate. As a result, an emulsion of the water type in fuel oil with calcium naphthenate is obtained. This chemical is soluble in fuel oil and is used as a catalyst to help reduce the emission of particles. In the following examples the variations of the ingredients are shown, for the preparation of each of the described emulsions. The characteristics of fuel oil and water are also presented.

EMULSION PREPARED WITH MAGNESIUM ACETATE EXAMPLE 1 Ingredient% Volume Combus tóleo 95.00 Water 4.88 Acetate of magnesium 0.12 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 2 Ingredient ¾ Volume Combus tóleo 95.00 Water 4.76 Magnesium acetate 0.24 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 3 Ingredient ¾ Volume Fuelwood 95.00 Water 4.64 Magnesium acetate 0.36 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EMULSION PREPARED WITH MAGNESIUM NITRATE EXAMPLE 1 Ingredient% Volume Fuel oil 95.00 Water 4.80 Magnesium nitrate 0.20 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 2 Ingredient% Volume Fuel oil 95.00 Water 4.60 Magnesium nitrate 0.40 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 3 Ingredient% Volume Fuel oil 95.00 Water 4.40 Magnesium nitrate 0.60 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EMULSION PREPARED WITH CALCIUM ACETATE EXAMPLE 1 Ingredient% Fuel volume 95.00 Water 4.73 Calcium acetate 0.27 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 2 Ingredient% Volume Combustoleo 95.00 Water 4.45 Calcium acetate 0.55 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 3 Ingredient ¾ Volume Combustoleo 95.00 Water 4.18 Calcium acetate 0.82 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EMULSION PREPARED WITH CALCIUM NAFTIFACE EXAMPLE 1 Ingredient% Volume Combustoleo 94.94 Water 5.00 Calcium Naphthenate 0.06 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 2 Ingredient 'Volume Combustoleo 94.89 Water 5.00 Calcium Naphthenate 0.11 Emulsion (total) 100.00 EXAMPLE 3 Ingredient% volume Combustleo 94.83 Water 5.00 Calcium Naphthenate 0.17 Emulsion (total) 100.00 Characteristics of the fuel oil for the preparation of the emulsions. Determination Units Result Gross calorific value cal / q 9, 830 Azu e% in weight 3.80 Carbon% by weight 84.87 Hydrogen '!, By weight 10.50 Nitrogen ¾ by weight 0.14 Oxygen ¾ by weight 0.40 Ash% by weight 0.078 Water by distillation ¾ volume 0.2 Insoluols in n-CL. % by weight 16.72 Viscosity @ 50 ° C SSF 647 Viscosity @ 82.2 ° C SSF 80.4 Relative density 15/15 ° C 1.0017 Flash point P.M. ° C 108 Surface tension @ 60 ° C (10"-) N / m 30.8 Metals in ash Vanadium 335 Sodium μg g 23.2 Nickel μ? / G 51.3 Calcium μ? / G 8.9 Potassium ng / g 6 .9 Iron ng g 1.2 Magnesium 1.8 Characteristics of water for emulsions.

Magnesium acetate is anhydrous base at 50¾, and density is 1,218 kg / l. Magnesium nitrate is anhydrous at 30¾, with a density of 1,274 kg / l. Calcium acetate is 25% anhydrous base, with a density of 1150 kg / l. Calcium naphthenate has a density of 0.880 kg / l.

Although the above description has been made taking into consideration the preferred embodiments of the invention, it should be understood by all those experts in the field that any change or modification in form and detail will be included within the spirit and scope thereof. Having described the online development process of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, neutralize the harmful effects of sulfur trioxide, and contribute to minimize the accumulation of deposits on the external surfaces of the tubes and in the preheating air, in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, is considered as a novelty and therefore the content of the following claims is claimed as property.

Claims (9)

1. CLAIMS. 1. - Procedure for online production of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, characterized in that it comprises the steps of feeding from a tank where A chemical in aqueous solution, magnesium or calcium base is stored at 30"C to a tank where the water for the emulsion is stored, with a pump kept in recirculation and the water is supplto the fuel line, before the pump that supplies the fuel oil to burners, on the other hand, from the day tank the fuel oil is sucked at 50"C, which together with the water passes through the steam heaters, increasing the temperature to 130 '-'C , they immediately pass through a static mixer, where the water emulsion is produced in fuel oil, then sent to the burners; in the emulsion, the 80V, water droplets are less than 4 microns and water flow is 5% with respect to the fuel oil
2. 2. - Procedure for online production of emulsions water in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles , sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with the rei indication 1, also characterized because it comprises 95.00¾ of fuel oil, adding in addition 4.64 to 4.88% of water and 0.12 to 0.36¾ of magnesium acetate solution.
3. 3. -Procedure for online production of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric power plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with the rei indication 1, also characterized in that it comprises 95.00% of fuel oil, 4.40 to 4.80% of water, and 0.20 to 0.60¾ of magnesium nitrate solution. 4. - Procedure for online production of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric power plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with claim 1, further characterized in that it comprises 95.00 % of fuel oil, in addition to 4.18 to
4. 4.73% of water and 0.27 to 0.82% of calcium acetate solution.
5. 5. - Procedure for online production of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with the rei indication 1, also characterized in that it comprises the steps of storing the water for the emulsion in a tank at 30 ° C and adding it to the fuel line, before the fuel pump feeding the burners; store an oil soluble calcium product in a tank at 30"C and supply it before entering the fuel pump, from the day tank the fuel oil is sucked at a temperature of 50, JC, which together with the water and the oil-soluble product passes through the steam heaters, increasing the temperature to 130, JC, then passing through a static mixer, where the water emulsion is produced in fuel oil, and then sent to the burners; For the preparation of this emulsion, 94.83 to 94.94¾ of fuel oil, 5¾ of water and 0.06 to 0.17% of calcium naphthenate are used
6. 6.- Procedure for the preparation of water emulsions in fuel oil in line, to reduce emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with claim 1, further characterized because the fuel oil has a power calorific from 9,830 to 10,100 cal / g, sulfur from 3.0 to 3.8%, insoluble in pentane from 13.0 to 16.7%, between 0.06 to 0.08¾ of ash, viscosity at 50 ':' C from 400 to 647 SSF, relative density of 0.9980 at 1.0020, ignition temperature (MW) from 100 to 120"C, between 225 to 335 μg / g vanadium, sodium from 10 to 23 μg / g and nickel from 20 to
7. 7. - Procedure for online production of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the water of the emulsions have a calcium content of 10 to 114 mg / 1, between 15 to 165 rng / 1 of sodium, chlorides of 10 to 50 mg / 1, total suspended solids of 50 to 500 mg / 1, hydrogen potential (pH) of 7.1 to 7.6, and conductivity of 0.2
8. 8. - Procedure for online production of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with the claim 1, further characterized in that the magnesium acetate is anhydrous base at 50? soluble in water and density of 1,218 kg / l; Magnesium nitrate is water-soluble 30% anhydrous, with a density of 1,274 kg / l; Calcium acetate is 25% water-soluble anhydrous base, with a density of 1,150 kg / l.
9. 9. - Procedure for online production of water emulsions in fuel oil, to reduce the emission of particles, sulfur trioxide, and accumulation of deposits in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that naphthenate Calcium is soluble in oil and has a density of 0.880 kg / 1. SUMMARY Procedure for the online development of water emulsions in fuel oil, to be used in thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial furnaces, in order to reduce the emission of particles, neutralize the harmful effects of sulfur trioxide, and contribute to minimize the accumulation of deposits on the external surfaces of the tubes and in the air preheater, characterized in that it comprises the steps of feeding from a tank where it is stored (to 30"O a chemical in aqueous solution, magnesium or calcium base to a tank in where you have the water for the emulsion, with a pump is maintained in recirculation and water is supplied to the fuel line, before the pump that supplies the fuel oil to burners, on the other hand, the fuel tank is sucked from the tank at 50 'JC, which together with the water pass through the steam heaters, increasing the temperature to 130"C, then go through a mixture r static, where the water emulsion is produced in fuel oil, then sent to the burners; in the emulsion, 80? of the drops of water are less than 4 microns.