MXPA01000260A - Crushing apparatus, crushing method, disassembling method, and valuables recovering method - Google Patents

Abstract

A crushing apparatus is provided for crushing a printed circuit board on which electronic components are mounted into pieces of a size ranging from a few to ten centimeters square and separating some of the components and sheathed wires from the printed circuit board. The crushing apparatus comprises a rotor (3) having a substantially conical or truncated conical projected center (6) mounted at the center of rotation thereof, a plurality of extensions (3a) thereof extending from the conical projected center (6) radially and horizontally, and studs (3 and 4) mounted on the extensions (3a) thereof, a drive motor (8) for rotating the rotor (3), a cylindrical case (1) accommodating the rotor (3) therein, and a plurality of studs (2) mounted on the inner side of the cylindrical case (1).

Description

CRUSHING EQUIPMENT, GRINDING METHOD, DISASSEMBLY METHOD AND METHOD FOR RECOVERING VALUABLE PARTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the impact crushing of printed circuit boards of electrical instruments to the nogar and OA equipment, including television receivers, personal computers, air conditioners, washing machines. , refrigerators, electronic ovens, in pieces of a few lAc cuatarados and the separation ^ remove from the pieces of electrical components, printed circuit boards that are deformed but basically maintained in their forms). Also the present invention relates to an etoao and apparatus for impact crushing of separate components or defective components made during the production in pieces and recovering for valuable groups such as copper, steel and aluminum from the tpturaa pieces. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of a device shredding apparatus in pieces by small apparatus including a video recorder, a video player, a small set of audio components, a radio / cassette, a vacuum cleaner , an air dryer, a manual telephone, and retrieve valuable items either components or materials from the pieces. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for disassembling REF NO. 126249 electronic components, including tuners, radiator devices, transformers, horizontal output transformers and deflection yokes in at least two groups of parts (materials). A method is provided by crushing the deflection yokes removed from a cathode ray tube and separated at least from the wound coils and the crushed resin substrate pieces which are now recovered. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION One such method for recovering valuable electronic instruments such as television receivers is presented in the Japanese open patent publication (Heisei) 5-147040, in which the waste including metal, plastic and foamed resins, they are crushed and subjected to separation by wind, separation of metal and separation of plastic to recover the valuable (in materials). It is also presented in the Japanese open patent publication (Heisei) 10-15519, a method for burning garbage groups at low temperatures to remove unwanted ingredients as exhaust gas and recover valuable non-burnable from the remainder of garbage left in the bottom of an oven. A method of recycling printed circuit boards is presented in the Japanese patent of open publication (Heisei) 10-314711, this method of dry distillation is designed so that after removing electronic components (including resistors, capacitors, coils ICs, radiators and transformers, horizontal output), sheathed wires (cables) connected between electronic components and welds attached to 5 components and wires from each printed circuit board, heating the board 300-450 ° C printed circuit board to carbonize printed circuit board resins and then recover the resins, copper sheets, and glass fibers in desired groups. Alternatively, provides a method for grinding the welds of the printed circuit boards on which a variety of electronic components are assembled, disassembling the electronic components, recovering them in groups, is presented in the Japanese open patent publication (Heisei) 10-15 15 64431 , a method for recycling deflection yokes installed in a cathode ray tube of a television receiver. According to the method, a means is used to disassemble the deflection yoke to separately recover its components. However, the method presented in the Japanese open patent publication (Haisei) 5-147040, requires chilling the waste with liquid nitrogen or the like, during impact grinding. When the pieces of a particular size produced by the waste shredding are separate in respective materials, the system in general, This is a large volume, thus increasing the cost of its facilities and the recycling operation. The method presented in the publication (Heisei) 10-15519, is made by a combustion furnace and a system to return the non-harmful exhaust gas, and therefore increases the cost of the installation and the recycling operation, the Dry uninstall method for printed circuit boards also present that problem. The method of grinding by removing the welds from the printed circuit boards before disassembling the components, requires a considerable period of time requiring a series of maintenance actions to replace the finished or blocked ground parts. The method of disassembling the deflection yoke to recover its components in groups of different materials, is hardly reduced in the time required for its realization. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed towards shredding in a first step, a printed circuit board over which Several components are assembled within a short period of time to separate and recover the important components and wires that are more or less deformed but kept basically in their original forms. It also goes towards shredding some of the components including controls, radiator sheets for ICs, and transformers separated in first step, to separate in desired groups (of materials) and recover the valuable ones. The present invention is further directed towards shredding an electronic instrument such as a video recorder, a video player, a radio / player cassette recorder, a set of small audio devices, a cleaner, an air dryer or a manual telephone, in a first step to disarm it in at least, two different components. It is also directed towards shredding the components of the electronic instrument separated in the first stage to separate and recover valuable in different groups of material. The invention is further directed to grind a resin body, for example a deflection yoke in a short period of time to separate the leather from the coils deflectors. A crushing apparatus according to the present invention does not employ blades or fins but drives the rotor extensions and the bolts upward for impact crushing thereby eliminating extra maintenance work to sharpen or replace blades or fins. To solve the above problems, the grinding apparatus of the present invention comprises a rotor having a conically projected center truncated mounted perpendicularly at the center of rotation thereof and bolt members (for example round bands) mounted perpendicularly on extensions thereof extending radially from the center of rotation, a rotating means of rotor for the rotor, a closed box below where the rotor is installed on the bottom. In particular, a plurality of projecting members (for example round bands) extending horizontally are mounted on the inner side of the box closed by the bottom. The rotor is spun at a speed of a few hundred to two thousand revolutions per minute. The crushing apparatus of the present invention is based on the effect of impact crushing (a plastic fracture) caused by the collision with energy between the rotor and the object to be crushed and shock energy between the object to be crushed and the wall of the box closed by the bottom and between the object to be crushed and the protruding members that is different from the cutting effect (a tear cut) with the use of blades or knives. The grinding apparatus of the present invention may be arranged with the rotor shaft and the box closed from below oscillating at a desired angle with respect to the vertical. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of crushing a printed circuit board comprising the steps of loading a first printed circuit board in the box closed by the bottom of the grinding apparatus and rotating the rotor, on which the bolts »£ ¿Ss & - ".? * £ £ L ££. * ^:,? - á-fc «. (bars) are assembled to shred the first printed circuit boards into pieces of a size ranging from a few to 10cm square and separate several components, wires and second circuit boards printed from the first printed circuit boards. According to the present invention, a method for disassembling a deflection yoke is provided comprising the steps of loading a deflection yoke into the closed base below the grinding apparatus and rotating the rotor to separate the deflection yoke in deflection coils. , (winding coils) and crushed pieces of a ream base. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for disassembling a control comprising the steps of loading a control equipped with a shielded box and a printed circuit board for control in the closed box below the shredding and rotating apparatus the rotor to separate the control in the shielding box and the crushed printed circuit board. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for disassembling an electronic component comprising the steps of charging an electronic component equipped with a radiator blade in the closed box below the grinding apparatus and rotating the rotor to separate the blade from radiator of the electronic component. ^ ^^^ ¡j ^^ é & ¡^ j ^^^ & According to the present invention, there is provided a method for disassembling a transformer comprising the steps of loading a transformer into the enclosed housing from below the crushing apparatus, and rotating the rotor to separate the transformer into a winding core and windings. coppermade. According to the present invention, a method for recovering valuable from an electronic instrument comprising the steps of grinding by impact of the same electronic instrument or its chassis with printed circuit boards disassembled from the electronic instrument in pieces of a desired size to separate them from the electronic instrument or the different components of the printed circuit that are more or less deformed but basically keep their original forms. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for recovering valuable in groups of materials des, of an electronic instrument or a printed circuit board comprising a vibration shaking step for shake the shredded pieces or components into groups of different size, a magnetic search step for separating ferrous materials from the shredded pieces or components received from the vibration separation step, and a current search step to separate copper and aluminum materials from the crushed pieces or *** ^ *** .. ^ a *. .. ^. ^ ?? s tt? c ^ ... _ -... ^. _ _ ^^ j ^^^^^, ^^ components received from the magnetic search step. The method may further comprise a second step of shredding the disassembled components from the printed circuit board into pieces of a smaller size, a second magnetic searching step to separate the magnetic materials from the shredded pieces received from the second shredding step , and a second step of current search to separate the copper and aluminum materials from the crushed pieces received from the second step of magnetic search. As a result, the present invention allows the grinding apparatus to be simple in its construction and under the cost of production, also the different components can be assembled from the electronic instrument or the printed circuit board as quickly as in 10 to 60 seconds deforming more or less but keeping its original forms basically (as not destroyed), the object tai as a deflection yoke, a control, a transformer or an electronic household instrument it can be separated quickly into at least two different components (for example winding coils and resin body pieces crushed from the deflection yoke). Since each of the first and second crushing steps are followed by the vibration search step, the step of magnetic search and the parasitic current search step, and the cap or resin separation step, valuable materials including metals and resins can be favorably separated and recovered. Also the grinding apparatus of the present invention does not include blades or blades eliminating extra maintenance work to sharpen or replace the blades or blades. Therefore, the rate of recovery and recycling of valuable ones is improved and the cost of recycling will decrease. As a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a grinding apparatus comprising a rotor including a truncated conical center provided at the center of rotation thereof, a plurality of extensions each having at least one vertical bar extending radially from the center of rotation, a means of drive for the rotation of the rotor, and a closed box below in which the rotor is mounted on the bottom, where the box closed down or at the bottom has a plurality of horizontal bolts mounted on its inner side. Since the crushing apparatus is simple in construction, its production cost will be low. It also allows the object to be crushed as quickly as 10 to 60 seconds and the cost of recycling will be reduced. As a second embodiment of the present invention, the crushing apparatus of the first embodiment, may further comprise an air discharge means for download air from ^ cerxada box below. Since powders are produced during the action of shredding a printed circuit board and the accumulated grime on the printed circuit board, it is discharged to the outside the condition of work can be kept clean. As a third embodiment of the present invention, the grinding apparatus of the first embodiment may have an opening in at least either the bottom one side of the box closed from below. The opening allows the crushed pieces or the components are removed from the bottom closed box with greater efficiency and in a shorter period of time. As a fourth embodiment of the present invention, a method of shredding a circuit board printed, comprises the steps of loading a first printed circuit board in the closed box below the crushing apparatus of the first mode, and rotating the rotor to crush the printed circuit board first, into pieces of a desired size and separate electronic components, radiator sheets, wires, second printed circuit boards and other things from the first printed circuit board. The method performs the crushing of the printed circuit board and the separation of the components in a shorter period of time, therefore, the volume of printed circuit board can easily ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ decrease (volumetric reduction) facilitating the handling and transfer between the different steps. As a fifth embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for disassembling a deflection yoke comprising the steps of loading a deflection yoke into the closed box below the crushing apparatus of the first embodiment and rotating the rotor to separate the winding coils of the crushed pieces of a resin base of the deflection yoke. Thus, the number of steps to disassemble and the cost of recycling will be reduced. As a sixth embodiment of the present invention, there is presented a method for disassembling an electronic component or a household electrical instrument comprising the steps 5 of charging an electronic component or a household electrical instrument, in the closed box at the bottom of the apparatus of crushing the first mode and rotating the rotor to separate the crushed pieces from a printed circuit board and its box from several components or disassembled from the printed circuit board. The method allows the electronic component or electronic home instrument to be separated into at least two components in as quickly as 10 to 60 seconds. As the seventh embodiment of the present invention, a method for recovering valuable from an electronic step is presented. comprising a step of removal to remove a chassis with a circuit board from the electronic instrument a step of shredding the chassis and the printed circuit board into pieces of a desired size and separating from the printed circuit board several components that are disassembled and they remain basically in their original forms, a step of searching or filtering by vibration of the crushed pieces and components into groups of different size, a magnetic search step to separate ferrous materials from the crushed pieces and components received from the search step by vibration and a parasitic current search step for separating copper and aluminum materials from the shredded pieces and components received from the magnetic search step. The method allows the components to be quickly disassembled from the printed circuit board, basically keeping their original forms and separating into groups of different materials. As an eighth embodiment of the present invention, the method for recovering valuable from an electronic instrument of the seventh embodiment of the present invention may further comprise a second step of grinding the separate components of the printed circuit board into smaller sized pieces. , a second magnetic search step for separating the ferrous materials from the pieces and shredded components received from the second search step or jgj & amp & g &g vibration selection, and a second eddy current search step for separating copper and aluminum materials from the crushed parts and components received from the second magnetic search step. Method 5 allows different materials including metals and reams to be recovered from the components easily and immediately. As a ninth embodiment of the present invention, a method of recovering valuable from a An electronic instrument comprising a step of shredding the charge of the electronic instrument in the crushing apparatus and separating shredded pieces from a cabinet and a printed circuit board from several components that are disassembled from the printed circuit board and basically maintained in their original forms, a stage or step of vibration search of the crushed pieces and of the components, in groups of different size, a magnetic search step for separating ferrous materials from the crushed pieces and the components received from the step of vibration search and one parasitic current search or selection step to separate copper and aluminum materials from the pieces and shredded components received from the magnetic search step. The method allows the components to be removed from the electronic instrument deforming more or less, but basically keeping their .. * - X »^. ^. ^ -. RtBtt» ..- t. ^ A? - '-sís & faí. - original forms and separate into different groups of material. As a tenth embodiment of the present invention, the method of recovering valuable from an electronic instrument of the ninth embodiment is presented, which can also comprise a second step of crushing the crushed pieces received from the first crushing step into pieces of a smaller size. , a second step of magnetic selection for separating ferrous materials from the shredded pieces received from the second step, from searching or selecting by vibration and a second step of searching by eddy current to separate copper and aluminum materials from the shredded pieces received from the second Magnetic search step. The method allows different materials including metals and reams to be recovered from the components easily and directly. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a shredder according to a modality of the present invention; FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the shredder shown in Fig. 1; FIGURE 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a chassis with a circuit board 25 printed on a television receiver for the description of -É¡á- *** * É-ÜI jg í X ^ Á¿ ^ ¿¡* ttíí jU ** t .--. * AÍÜ? Í * »* < S ^ = Stíéíá the present invention; FIGURE 4 is a flow chart of a method for recovering valuable items from an electronic instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 5 is a side view schematically showing a vibration search apparatus for describing the present invention; FIGURE 6 is a perspective view schematically showing another search or selection apparatus for the description of the present invention; FIGURE 7 is a side view of another search or selection apparatus shown in Fig. 6; FIGURE 8 is a perspective view schematically showing a magnetic search or selection apparatus for the description of the present invention; FIGURE 9 is a perspective view schematically showing another magnetic search or selection apparatus for the description of the present invention; FIGURE 10 is a side view schematically showing a parasitic current search or selection apparatus for the description of the present invention; FIGURE 11 is an external perspective view of a deflection yoke to be shredded according to a method of the present invention; 7-.:,i * ¿g¡ & ß¿ £ iy¿ y. ^^^. «- -, - '^^ m ^^ ^ m ^^ X ^^ 2 ^^^^^^^^^ FIGURE 12, is an exploded perspective view of the half of the deflection yoke shown in FIG. 11, and FIGURE 13, is a cross-sectional view of the deflection yoke shown in FIG. 11. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in the form of a grinding apparatus, a grinding method, a method of disassembling and a method of recovering valuable articles in conjunction with relevant drawings showing valuable recovered from a chassis with a printed circuit board in a television receiver. Now one embodiment of the grinding apparatus of the present invention is explained. Fig. 1 is a longitudinally sectioned cross-sectional view showing schematically a first part of the grinding apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention for impact grinding electronic instruments, chassis with printed circuit board, printed circuit boards, electronic components and other things. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the grinding apparatus shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing schematically for ease of description, a television receiver and a chassis with a circuit board. printed (the object to be shredded), removed from the television receiver. How I know ^^^ M shows in Figs. 1 to 3, a cylindrical box is provided with a bottom (a container closed below), designated by the figure 1, bolts or first bolts (which extend basically horizontally as bar members) 2, a member rotary (a rotor) 3 extensions 3a, second bolts or bolts (which extend basically vertically as bar members) 4, third bolts (which extend basically vertically as bar members) 5, a truncated center projecting conically 6, fins 7, a drive motor 8, beveled edges, 9, a sliding bottom plate 10, a cover 15, a leakage conduit 16, a chassis with printed circuit board 20, a pump discharge 30, and an electromagnetic valve 31, in the shredding apparatus designated by the numeral 100. More specifically, the shredding apparatus 100, according to the present invention includes the centrally projecting center essentially truncated or 6, and which extends basically vertically from the center of rotation, the rotor 3, has the extensions 3a, which extend radially horizontally from the truncated conically projecting center 6, and arranged on the surface of which at least either, the second bolts 4, or the bolts 5, are mounted to the top, the motor 8, a means for rotating the rotor, for rotating the rotor 3, the cylindrical case 1, of a container closed at the bottom through which the rotor 3 rotates, and the first bolts 2, which extend horizontally from the internal sides of the cylindrical case 1. Four of the first bolts 2 , they are arranged in equal intervals of 90 degrees. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, rotor 3 is a cross-shaped plate. more particularly, the extensions 3a, are four radial extensions in a cross shape. A pair of the opposite extensions 3a, arranged in symmetry around the center have the second bolt 4, each and the other pair of the opposite extensions 3a, with a combination of the second bolt and the third bolt in each. The rotor 3, rotated at a high speed to strike, throw and crush the objects to be shredded (eg electronic devices, chassis, with printed circuit board, printed circuit boards and electronic components) against the internal walls of the cylindrical box 1. Bolts 4 and 5, which basically extend vertically and bolts 2, which basically extend horizontally are formed of a tapered bar (such as a rounded bar) that narrows in diameter towards the far end. The shape is contemplated to prevent clogging of the sheathed wires separated from the printed circuit boards and if this happens to allow easy removal of the sheathed wires. The center conically projected in basic and truncated form 6, it also has the shape of a tapered bar (for example a rounded bar). A centrifugal force resulting from the basically truncated conical projected center, throws the objects 5 that must be crushed against the internal walls of the cylindrical case 1. Each of the extensions 3a, in the grinding apparatus 100, is provided with at least the beveled edge 9. In addition, some of the selected extensions 3a, have beveled edges 11, provided on one side of the same. The additional edges are designed to blow the objects to be crushed upwards from the bottom of the cylindrical casing 1. The two flaps 7 are also mounted on the pivoted side of the center projected basically as a truncated cone 6, for blowing, hooking and beat the objects that must be crushed. The chassis with a board with a circuit board, is first shredded by impact when being sandwiched between bolts 4 and 5, which extend basically vertically and bolts 2 that extend basically horizontally. Also the chasi-s with a printed circuit board 20, is struck and crushed by the extensions 3a, and the fins 7, as well as by the bolts 4 and 5. For example, the apparatus of the present invention may have such a size that the cylindrical case 1, has a üüM-i-tá? lít. -t-i-tt - M-íÍ-í - iUl h ¿2 * & t internal diameter of 56cm, and a total height of 70cm. the center projected basically as truncated cone 6, has a base diameter of 12c, and 15cm of height. Extension 3a can be 1cm thick and 5cm wide. The fins 7 may extend approximately 2cm from the conical projected center 6, and their length may be approximately 7.5cm. The extensions or bolts 2, basically horizontal and the projections or bolts 4, 5 that extend vertically can be approximately 2cm in diameter at the proximal end and approximately 1.5cm in diameter at the far end. The length of the bolts 2, can be 8cm of the bolts 4, can be 7cm and of the bolts 5, can be 3cm. The center-to-center distance between the conically projected center 6 and the bolt 5 can be about 9cm and similarly between the bolts 4 and 5 it can be about 9cm. The bolts or pins 2, 4 and 5 are made of a common machine steel (JIS S45C). If desired, they can be formed of a more impact-resistant material, for example, selected from chromium nickel steel (SNC 631), chromium nickel molybdenum (SNCM 420), chromium molybdenum (SCM 430), chromium steel (SCr 430) and steel of manganese machine (SMn 433). The cylindrical vessel 1, of the grinding apparatus 100 of the present invention, is closed in its upper opening with the openable cover 15, the duct 16 extends through the cover 15 by the electromagnetic valve 31 to discharge into the pump 30 to discharge the air from the cylindrical case i. The removal of the air is preferably carried out during the grinding action and continues a few minutes after completion of the grinding action and the cover opening 15. The exhaust duct 16 can be mounted to one side of the cylindrical case i. The discharge pump 30 may be selected from normally obtainable dust collection means including commercial dust collectors, industrial vacuum cleaners, and cyclone dust collectors. The cover 15 may be of a removable and msertable type or a type of hinge with an end attached to the top of the cylindrical case 1 for opening and closing. The air discharge means can collect and discharge the dusts generated during the grinding of objects such as chassis with printed circuit boards or derivatives of the chassis with printed circuit boards thus maintaining favorable working conditions. In addition, the grinding apparatus 100 of the present invention has the cylindrical box 1 provided with the sliding bottom plate 10, which can slide to open a part of the bottom. Through the opening of the bottom the crushed pieces of the chassis or frames, the printed circuit boards and the devices, as well as the components 7 ^ ¡gg¡ g ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ a shorter period of time. While the parts and other things are being removed, the rotor 13 5 slowly rotates both forward and backward. The forward and backward movement of the rotor 3 can be repeated several times. The opening for the removal of the crushed pieces and other things, is not limited to the bottom of the cylindrical case 1. It is understood that the opening 0 could be provided on one side of the cylindrical case 1, or the upper opening of the case Cylindrical 1 could be used for that purpose. When the shredded pieces and other things are removed from the side opening of the cylindrical case 1, it is desirable that the cylindrical case 1 be tilted at a favorable angle with respect to the vertical. more specifically, the rotor 3 and the cylindrical box 1, in the grinding apparatus, are tilted at a predetermined angle (about 30 to 40 degrees) to the vertical for ease 0 of removal. Alternatively, the cylindrical box 1 can be mechanically tilted only after finishing the grinding action to remove the shredded pieces and other things from its opening. In any case, the cylindrical box 1 is provided with openings on the side thereof and the opening cover means for opening and closing Z 4 The opening. It is also possible to make the openings to remove the crushed pieces, both on the side and on the bottom part of the cylindrical box 1. It is also possible to turn the cylindrical box downwards to remove the crushed and other pieces, Crushing Method Example 1: The steps of first crushing the chassis with a board with a circuit 20 and several selected components that are separated in basically their forms originals from the printed circuit board and a second crushing, of some of the components in the pieces that are then recovered in particular groups, will be described. The steps are illustrated in the flow chart of Fig. 4. It is assumed that the chassis with a printed circuit board 20, which is to be loaded in the cylindrical box 1, carries a printed circuit board of an A4 size ( approximately 30cm x 2cm), to control the action of a television receiver, as shown in Fig. 3. The own chassis is made of a synthetic resin or metal. The printed circuit board includes a variety of electronic components (including resistors, capacitors, coils, transistors ICs, horizontal output transformer connectors, and controls), assembled by welding in both sides of its substrate. Also, radiator sheets ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ and ^^ ^ ¡^^ 'j ^ j ^ £ jg £ jj ^ ^ j ^ j ^^ l ^ 8Z aluminum and second boards and Third-party printed circuit boards of smaller sizes are mounted on the main side of the printed circuit boards. Wires with sheath (cables) are used to connect between the printed circuit boards 5, between the components and between the components and the printed circuit boards (which are not shown). The method of recovering valuable articles from an electronic instrument according to the present invention, as illustrated in the flow chart of Fig. 4, comprises separating the chassis with a printed circuit board 20 from the electronic instrument or television receiver (in step 1), shred the chassis with a printed circuit board 20 into pieces of a predetermined size and separate the components from the printed circuit board that are deformed more or less, but still maintain their original basic forms (in the first step of crushing 2), select by vibration the components and the pieces crushed in sizes (in step 3), magnetically separate the components and the crushed pieces received from the selection step by vibration to separate and select the steel-based materials using the attractive action of a magnetic force (in step 4), and to select by parasitic current the components and crushed pieces received from the magnetic selection step to select and separate the materials not based on steel such as aluminum and copper materials using the effect of parasitic currents (in stage 5). The electronic instrument can be a television receiver, a personal computer, an air conditioner, a washing machine, a refrigerator, or an electronic oven. The method of the present invention further comprises dividing the components of the crushed printed circuit boards into different groups of materials and then shredding the material groups of the components (in step 6), then magnetically selecting the components. steel-based materials of the components received from the secondary grinding stage (in step 7), and then select by parasitic currents, the groups of materials for selecting and recovering copper and aluminum materials (in step 8). The crushing apparatus and the The method of recovering valuable articles according to the present invention allows several components to be separated from a printed circuit board directly in a shorter period of time by deforming more or less, but basically maintaining the original shape and selecting in different groups of material. Also, the groups of material and components can be recovered according to the types of materials. The crushing apparatus of the present invention employs the rotor and the bolts or chains mounted on it. the motor for shredding the objects to be shredded to crush the objects. As blades or blades are not used, no extra maintenance action is necessary to sharpen the blades or replace them. As a result, the recovery or the rate of recycling of articles can be improved by reducing the overall cost. The first stage of crushing will be explained in more detail. The stage begins by loading the chassis by a circuit board 20 in the cylindrical cavity 1 as shown in Fig. 1. Then, the cover 15 is put on and in As the air is discharged into the case i, the rotor 3 is rotated at a speed of 250 to 300 revolutions per minute for approximately 30 seconds, this action separates from the printed circuit a set of panel controls, horizontal output transformers , radiator sheets, semiconductors equipped with radiator blades, electronic components, terminals, second and third printed circuit boards, sheathed wires and other items that are more or less deformed or are kept basically in their original forms (not exploited to minor components). Simultaneously the The chassis and the printed circuit board are crushed into pieces ranging from a few to 10 square centimeters. When the diameter of the cylindrical box 1 is increased to 86 cm with the rotor 3 enlarged proportionally, the grinding apparatus can crush two or more chassis with circuits printed at once. For example, 3 to 6 of the to chassis with printed circuit boards 20 are loaded into the cylindrical case 1, and the rotor 13 rotates at a higher speed of 450 to 1800 revolutions per minute. As a result, the chassis with printed circuit boards 20 can be shredded into pieces of a desired size in about 10 seconds. Simultaneously, several components can be separated from the printed circuit boards keeping their forms basically. Since the speed and rotational speed of the rotor 3 are desirably determined according to the size of the cylindrical case 1, it is possible to crush the chassis and the printed circuit boards in pieces ranging from a few to approximately 10 cm. Also the components can be successfully separated from printed circuit boards by basically maintaining their original forms. The second stage of crushing will be explained in more detail. For example, 5 to 10 television receivers removed from the printed circuit boards are loaded into the cylindrical case 1 and the rotor 3 is rotated at a speed of 1500 rev. per minute, for approximately 15 sec. As a result, the controls are disassembled from metal covers, metal boxes, crushed printed circuit boards and electronic components including ICs. In particular, electronic components including ICs deform more or less - but basically maintain their shapes Gj ^ gá ^ i ^^^ i? ^ Original. Similarmen ^^^ to cylindrical box 1 is loaded with electronic components and Upados with aluminum radiator such as IC or ISL or semiconductors and the rotor 3 is rotated. As a result, the electronic components equipped with radiator, are uncoupled from the radiator sheets and the semiconductors. The rotor rotation 3 is from 450 to 1000 revolutions per minute from 30 to 60 seconds. In addition, the cylindrical box 1 of the grinding apparatus is loaded with television receiver transformers in number from 2 to 5, removed from the printed circuit boards and the rotor 3 rotated at a speed of 1000 revolutions per minute for approximately 60 seconds. . As a result, the transformers are decoupled into winding cores of silicon steel plates and coil wires, similarly, horizontal output transformers (FBTs) can be disassembled into copper wires, resins and magnetic materials and the speakers can be disassembled into copper wires, metallic structures and magnets, also the cabinet boxes made of metal or resin materials can be crushed by the crushing apparatus into pieces of smaller sizes. When or as bulky cabinet boxes are reduced in size by crushing, storage and transportation during the recycling process will be easy. The present invention allows several ? jr * 4t ^ Faith. »? Hjs ^ z ^ ££ ¡& ^ m¿ * ^ z? É? ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡^ ^ ^ Components are first - Separated from the chassis with a printed circuit board shredded as they deform more or less but keep their original basic forms and secondly they are crushed into different 5 groups of material which then they recover correspondingly. The apparatus and method of the present invention is not limited to the separation of several components from a chassis with a printed circuit board, but can be successfully applied to any separating process such as to separate and select electronic components of the same type to recover in different material groups. For example, the cylindrical case of the grinding apparatus of the present invention is loaded with at least one video recorder / exhibitor, a CD repeater, an Ab instrument, a small audio device with the cover removed, a number of portable telephones, and any other household instrument. When the rotor is broken, several electronic components can separate from the printed circuit boards while maintaining their original forms, while the box and the printed circuit boards are crushed and recovered. The rotor may be ruptured preferably at a speed of 450 to 1800 revolutions per minute for approximately 30 to 60 seconds & u < ZÍsB? £ i £ 7aásc ^ ^ s ^ -gai ^^ te. ^ .. ^ :: - 7 .. ^ 7 - "^, f. ^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^^^ Similar to those Chalis with a printed circuit board the separate components are crushed into different groups of material. Crushing Method, Example 2. 5 A method for shredding a deflection yoke such as a component of a television receiver,, will be described simply. Figure 11 is an internal perspective view of the deflection yoke before being crushed. Fig. 12 is a perspective exploded view of a half of a deflection yoke shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the deflection yoke shown in fig. 11. The deflection yoke basically comprises a magnet (a magnetic body), a horizontal deflection coil, a vertical deflection coil and a resin base, the vertical deflection coil and the horizontal deflection coil, are mounted on the sides front and rear of the resin base. The magnet is mounted on one end of the resin base. A single unit of the deflection yoke is loaded into the cylindrical case 20 (not shown). Then the cover 15 is placed and while the air is discharged from the cylindrical case 1, the rotor 13 rotates at a speed of 250 to 300 revolutions per minute, for 30 seconds. As a result, the resin base is crushed into pieces of a size of a few cm, and the winding coil and magnets are recovered. z ... 'k ,. "jS &eyz,. you-SaM * * ¡¿& ú * > ^ '~~ -7.J ¿.

In selection methods and as for example, the vibration selection apparatus (of a type of drum or cascade type having a series of different mesh screens), the magnetic selection apparatus (for example of a type of conveyor band), the parasitic current selection apparatus (for example of a type of belt conveyor) and the resin selection apparatus (for example based on the difference in p specific, in the property of the electric charge and in the absorption capacity of the microwaves illustrated in the flow chart of Fig. 4. The procedure shown in the flow chart of fig. 4, can be done using an automated line (no shown), where any two adjacent stages are linked by a common conveyor. Examples of the selector apparatus are shown in Figs. 5 to 7 respectively. The apparatus shown in Fig. 5 has two different screens mounted one on top of the other in two between cloths. The shredded pieces received from the previous step are transported on the mesh screens that are vibrating and are separated into three different sizes, the apparatuses shown in Figs. 6 and 7 allow a desired size of the crushed pieces to be separated and collected. 25 more specifically a row of appliances are provided where two or more different sizes are separated. An example of the magnetic selection apparatus is shown in Fig. 8. The apparatus has a separating band for attracting and separating ferrous materials from the crushed pieces received from a belt conveyor. Fig. 9 illustrates another example of the magnetic selecting apparatus for separating the shredded pieces into three different materials. Ferrous materials, non-ferrous metal materials, and non-metallic materials (such as reams) An example of eddy current selection apparatus is shown in Fig. 10, the apparatus separates non-ferrous metal materials such as copper and aluminum from the crushed pieces received by means of a belt conveyor from the stage of magnetic selection It is understood that in the grinding apparatus of the present invention to carry out the first and second stage of crushing, the extensions of the projected center 3 and the number, position, shape, (round, square, triangular or polygonal in the cross section and of triangular or four-sided configuration), and the size of bolts or projections 2, 4, 5 do not they have limitations but can be determined arbitrarily depending on the objects to be shredded. Box 1 is not limited to a 3 <; i container closed from below but can be a polygonal drum or in any appropriate way. It is also possible to tilt the central axis of the rotor and the cylindrical housing of the grinding apparatus at a desired angle with respect to vertical 5. Also, the number of revolutions of the rotor and the time required for the revolutions can be determined arbitrarily depending on the number, size and type of the objects to be crushed or the size of the crushed pieces of the printed circuit board. In addition, the Center 6 which is projected basically as a truncated cone and mounted vertically in the center of rotation can be modified to another suitable shape such as a real truncated cone with rounded head, a semi-spherical shape, a projection basically formed as a parabola in the section vertical cross, a bullet shape, or a truncated bullet shape. The cylindrical box and the sliding bottom plate can be made of a non-magnetic material, such as stainless steel. In that case, when the magnetic materials containing the electronic component such as the yoke of deflection or the high voice is shredded, the magnetic materials of its shredded pieces are not attracted by the cylindrical box and the bottom plate of non-magnetic material, and thus can be easily removed from the cylindrical box. Also, if the grinding action produces sounds intolerable, the cover or the cylindrical box can Protect yourself with sound proof or the device itself completely covered with sound insulation wrapping. The cylindrical box can be accompanied directly or indirectly at its lower end, with either a belt conveyor for transporting the crushed pieces or a roller conveyor for transporting a succession of containers, in which the crushed pieces are transported. Also, objects to be shredded from those that are valuable that are recovered are not limited to used or decomposed household electrical appliances (including electronic components, printed circuit boards and electronic devices) but can be any other material. For example, characteristic examples of the objects to be crushed, are defective components, electronic or defective devices, fragment of product produced during the manufacture of products, toys, furniture products, kitchen instruments, wood products, glass products, ceramic products, and other household products. Industrial Applicability As stated above, the present invention provides a grinding apparatus that is simple in construction and low in production cost. The grinding apparatus of the present invention does not employ leaves and no .50 it requires maintenance work to sharpen or replace the sheets, so there is less tendency to find unction errors. The valuable recovery method of the present invention allows the deflection yoke to be automatically disassembled or assembled in winding coils from the crushed resin pieces in a short period of time as compared to the conventional manner in which the yoke is disarm manually. Also, objects to be shredded such as control, transformer, electronic component equipped with radiator sheet or other household instrument, can systematically be separated into at least two different materials. The object to be crushed can easily be reduced in volume. In addition, several components can be separated or disassembled from the electronic instrument or the printed circuit board as quickly as 10 to 60 seconds, while deforming more or less but basically keeping its original forms. The secondary crushing stage allows the components to be crushed or separated into different material groups. Also since each of the first and second crushing stages is followed by stage by selection or vibrating screen, the stage d magnetic selection, the current screen stage Parasite, and the resin separator stage, the electronic components, metals and resins can be separated respectively into groups of different material, as a result the recovery and the rate of recycling of the 5 valuable items will be improved and the cost of recycling will decrease. Reference list 1 cylindrical box with a bottom (container closed at the bottom) 10 2 first bolt or protrusion (bar member extending substantially horizontal) 3 rotary member (rqtor) 3 to extension 15 4 second bolt or protrusion ( bar member extending substantially vertical) 5 third bolt or projection (bar member extending substantially vertical) 6 projected center substantially conical 20 7 fin 8 a drive motor 9,11 level edge 10 sliding bottom plate 30 pump download 25 31 electromagnetic valve * ^ »É¡¡: ^ e & It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention is that which is clear from the present description of the invention. Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following:

Claims (2)

1 . - An apparatus for slowing down, which comprises a rotor including a plurality of extensions thereof, and extending radially from the center of rotation, a 5 drive means for rotation of the rotor and a box in which the rotor is mounted on the bottom, characterized in that the rotor has a plurality of bolts mounted on its surface and a center that projects conically or truncated mounted in the center of the rotor. rotation thereof, while the The box has a plurality of bolts mounted on its inner side.

2. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bolts mounted on the surface of the rotor and the bolts mounted on the ground. 15 inside the box, they become narrower in diameter towards the dictating end. 3. - A grinding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the center projecting conically or as a truncated cone of the rotor has 20 fins mounted on it. 4. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor extensions are three forming a Y. 5.- A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the extensions of . As, -..- .., ^^ .. ^ ll M • * - * - -? : rotor are four forming a cross. 6. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the extensions of the rotor has at least one end of the same chamfering. 7. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the rotor extensions has at least one side thereof. 8. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises an air discharge means from the box. 9. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a cover for closing an opening provided in the box. 10. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an opening means for opening a portion of the bottom-of the box. 11. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an opening means for opening a side portion of the shaft. 12. A crushing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor and the straw 25 are inclined with respect to the vertical. printed circuit board comprising from the steps of loading a first printed circuit of the shredding box defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to shred the first printed circuit board into pieces of a desired size. 14. A method for shredding a printed circuit board according to claim 13, characterized in that the first printed circuit board carries on the at least one selected from the group of an electronic component, a radiator, a horizontal output transformer , one control, and a second printed circuit board. 15. A method for shredding an illustrated circuit board characterized in that it comprises the steps of loading a first printed circuit board in the box of the shredding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to shred the first printed circuit board in pieces of a desired size and separating them from the first printed circuit board, in at least one game or group selected from a set of electronic components, a set of radiator sheets, a set of wires and a set of second printed circuit boards . 16. A method for shredding a printed circuit board according to claim 15, characterized in that, the first printed circuit board -i &JE ^ Jt is crushed while air is discharged from the box. 17. A method for disassembling a deflection yoke comprising the steps of loading a deflection yoke into the grinding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotate the rotor to separate the deflection yoke in fewer windings and shredded pieces from a xesin base. 18. A method for disassembling a control comprising the steps of loading a control into the case of the shredding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to separate the control into at least one layer of armor and shredded pieces of a printed circuit board for control. 19. A method of disassembling an electronic component comprising the steps of charging an electronic component equipped with a radiator sheet in the case of the grinding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to separate the radiator sheet. 20. A method for disassembling a transformer comprising the steps of loading a transformer into the straw of the shredding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to separate the transformer at the time of a coiling core and copper coils. 21. A method to recover valuable items from an electronic instrument that comprises the stages of A-faifc- £ S3 ^ * - £ & ^. «£ 92 = - &« Jí load an electronic instrument into the case of the crushing apparatus defined in claim 1 and rotate the rotor to separate the instrument electronic in less pieces crushed of a cabinet and a board of 5 printed circuit and several components that are disassembled from the printed circuit board and that are deformed but basically keep their forms. 22. A method for recovering valuable items from an electronic instrument comprising a step of 10 removal to remove a chassis of the electronic instrument, a stage of chassis crushing by loading the chassis into the shredding apparatus box defined in claim 1 and rotating the rotor to crush the chassis and a printed circuit board carried in the chassis in pieces of a size 15 desired and separate from the printed circuit board several components, which are disassembled and deformed but basically keep their forms, a stage of selection by vibration on the screen of the pieces crushed and components in groups of different sizes, a selection stage The magnetic separation of ferrous materials from the pieces and shredded components received from the selection stage by vibration and a selection step by eddy currents to separate copper and aluminum materials from the crushed components received from the stage of separation. 25 magnetic selection. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ j ^^^^^^ -j ^^ gS ^ 23.- A method for retrieving valuable items from an electronic instrument according to claim 22 , which further comprises a second crushing step for crushing the components repaired from the printed circuit board into pieces of a smaller size, a second magnetic selection step for separating ferrous materials from the pieces and crushed components received from the second stage of selection by vibration and a second stage of selection by eddy current to separate materials 10 copper and aluminum from the pieces and crushed components received from the second stage of magnetic selection. 24.- A method to recover valuable items from an electronic instrument that includes a crushing stage by loading the electronic instrument in the box 15 of the grinding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to separate the electronic instrument into at least crushed pieces of a cabinet and a printed circuit board and several components that are disassembled from the printed circuit board and deformed but that 20 basically retain their shapes, a step of vibrating screen selection of the shredded pieces and into components into groups of different size, a magnetic selection step for separating ferrous materials from the pieces and shredded components received from the stage of 25 selection by vibration, and a selection stage by gj l Zk * & parasitic current to separate copper and aluminum materials from the pieces and crushed components received from the magnetic selection stage. 25. A method for retrieving valuable articles of an electronic instrument according to claim 24, further comprising a second stage of crushing to crush the crushed pieces received from the first stage of crushing into pieces of a smaller size, a second stage of magnetic selection for separating ferrous materials from the crushed pieces received from the second stage of selection by vibration and a second stage of eddy current selection for separating copper and aluminum materials from the crushed pieces received from the second stage of magnetic selection. 26. A method for recovering valuable articles from a printed circuit board comprising a step of crushing the printed circuit board by loading the printed circuit board into the box of the shredding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the receiver. to crush the printed circuit board into pieces of a desired size and separate from the printed circuit board several components that are disassembled and deformed but basically retain their forms, a stage of selection by vibration on the screen of the pieces and components crushed into groups of different size, a selection stage - «3ÍÉ¿ j_d.CS --- magnetic to separate ferrous materials from the crushed pieces and components received from the vibration selection stage and a parasitic current selection stage to separate copper and aluminum materials from the parts and components crushed received from the magnetic selection stage. 27. Method for recovering valuable articles from an electronic component comprising the steps of charging an electronic component within the case of the shredding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to separate the electronic component in at least two different materials . 28. A method for recovering valuable articles of an electronic component comprising a step of crushing the electronic component by loading the electronic component inside the box of the grinding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to separate the electronic component in at least two different materials, a step of selecting by vibration on the screen the pieces crushed into groups of different size, a step of magnetic selection to separate the ferrous materials from the crushed pieces received from the stage of selection by vibration, and a step of eddy current selection to separate copper and aluminum materials from the crushed pieces received from the stage of magnetic selection. . * - 29. A method "to reduce the volume of a cabinet comprising the steps of loading a cabinet into the box of the shredding apparatus defined in claim 1, and rotating the rotor to shred the cabinet into smaller pieces.