MXPA00012891A - Water-dispersing coated shaped bodies and their utilization - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention aims at providing water-dispersing coated shaped bodies, wherein the coating shows excellent adhesive strength having no adhesive promoting layer and exhibiting high mechanical resistance. According to the invention, this is achieved by means of a coated shaped body obtained by coating part of the surface or the entire surface of the shaped body with a coating agent containing:A) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a sulfonic acid salt, especially sodium salt of a sulfosuccininc ester;B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a water-insoluble oxide or several water-insoluble oxides of a metal or a metalloid;C) 80 to 100 parts by weight of an acid and water mixture consisting of more than 90%water with the proviso that the pH value of the coating agent is less than 6.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to molding bodies coated with a coating that extends the water and its use. By the term "to extend the water" is meant the property of a surface to form with a water drop applied thereon a marginal angle less than 20 degrees. A coating that extends the water is therefore a coating that confers this property on a surface.

The bodies of molding with a surface that extends the water have the property that the water that accumulates on its surface does not contract forming separate drops among themselves, but the drops unfold and when they come into contact they fuse forming a closed layer . Accordingly, a better reflection of the light on the surface wetted with water and better translucence in transparent molding bodies is achieved. In addition, the runoff of water from the lower part of the molding body is difficult. These properties called "antidrop" that inhibit the formation of droplets are demanded especially for various glazing materials of inorganic glasses (hereinafter briefly called glass) or thermoplastic plastics. A. It is desirable that the water of condensation or dispersed precipitation does not descend in the form of drops but that Ref: 125493 ^^ "" - -. ^ ^ - * f "3gR ft 3 ** ** • * - - * • * - s ^ * gfa * following the slope of the material flow down in the form of a closed layer or at least continuous bands to the lower edge. The opposite behavior to a surface that extends the water is applied to the surfaces that keep the water disintegrated. In the surfaces that keep the water disintegrated, the water that accumulates in a similar surface shrinks forming separate drops between them. Numerous tests are known from the literature to provide 10 surfaces of plastics that keep the water disintegrated with layers that extend the water. According to DE-A 21 61 645, coatings of this type are formed, consisting of a copolymer produced from alkyl esters, hydroxyalkyl esters and quaternary aminoalkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and methylol ethers of methacrylamide as crosslinking agents. First they absorb water by swelling and they are generally transformed to a state that spreads water. However, as a result of the swelling, the coating softens and becomes sensitive to mechanical damage. To improve the mechanical strength of the coatings that spread the water in the coating compositions, inorganic components such as colloidal metal oxides, especially aluminum oxide, or colloidal silicon dioxide are incorporated (EP-A 7 681 877 or EP -A 7 606 193). i,. -... To ates. ''; J. «. A. -_.- ^ - ^^ - ^^^ jjjf ^^^ j ^^^^^ »^^^^ - ^^^^^^ To achieve greater mechanical strength, coatings with hydrophilic inorganic components have been developed in a hydrophilic binder. According to JP-A 76 81 877, sheets of polyvinyl chloride or sheets of polymethyl methacrylate are coated with a coating of colloidal aluminum oxide as hard ingredient which confers hydrophilicity and polyvinyl alcohol and poly. (ammonium acrylate) as binders. However, also this coating in the swollen state with water is sensitive to mechanical loads. It has also already been tried to incorporate hydrophilic agents in the plastic material from which the molding body is manufactured. Thus, coatings extending the water for greenhouses and similar wet rooms have been prepared according to DE-A 2 017 002 of a plastic containing surfactants such as polyalkylene glycols. The water extension activity of this addition is insufficient. The weather resistance of the plastic is also affected. In JP-A 76 06 193, polymethacrylate plates with a coating of 95 parts of colloidal silicon dioxide and 5 parts of a dispersion of a hydrophobic acrylic resin are proposed as glazing material. However, the adhesion of this coating is totally unsatisfactory. This applies first of all in a wet state. According to the document EP-A 51 405 a better ^ 8y »H ^^^^ ií ^^^ gj ^^? ^^^^^^^ i ^^ jj ^^ *« jB ^ adhesion of an extensor coating of water on plastic molding bodies with a built-up coating by two layers in which both layers contain colloidal silicon dioxide, a partially hydrolyzed polysiloxane and polyvinyl alcohol as ag * l &ut 'inant. In the lower layer, the ratio of silicon to carbon is greater than in the outer layer. Generally, it can be established that with coating materials that are strongly hydrophilic, a coating with good water extension capacity can certainly be achieved in most cases, but the coating is always too soft in the swollen state. If one wants to act against this disadvantage by means of a more intense cross-linking or a lower hydrophilicity then together with the mechanical sensitivity the water-extending activity is eliminated. Silicon dioxide and various other oxides of metals or semimetals certainly have the advantages of greater hardness and better wettability with water without swelling, but have the disadvantage that they do not generally adhere. To the extent that binders are used to fix the oxides on the surface of the plastic, the wettability of the oxides and consequently the extensor activity of the coating water is eliminated, and the drawbacks of the binders arise: mechanical sensitivity in the case of hydrophilic binders and insufficient water extension in the case of hydrophobic binders. _ ^ g ^ j¡g¡ S? The document DE-A 34 00 079 has proposed an extensor layer of water composed almost entirely of silicon dioxide or other metal oxides of colloidal particle size which itself has insufficient adhesion to the plastic layer, which by means of an adhesion layer of an organic polymer with non-soluble and substantially non-swellable polar groups in water is firmly bonded to the water-disintegrating surface of a plastic molding body. The use of this adhesion layer or other so-called primer coats for a better bonding of the water-spreading layer with the surface of the plastic requires an additional process step in the coating, whereby the manufacture of the molding bodies Coated is complicated and expensive. All the coating agents indicated have the disadvantage that they must be applied with organic solvents. The object of the present invention is to provide coated and water-extendable molding bodies in which the coating exhibits optimum adhesion without an adhesion layer together with high mechanical strength. According to the invention, this object is achieved with coated molding bodies which are obtained by coating a part of the surface of the molding body or of the entire surface of the molding body gésa ^ with a coating agent containing A) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a compound represented by the general formula (1) R1- ÍCÍ A rC B- íC? -O -1R1 p (I), wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, R2 hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 6 C atoms, A single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, B a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 C atoms, n 1, 2, 3 or 4 and Mn + a cation positively charged n times, B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a water insoluble oxide or of several water-insoluble oxides of a metal or of a semimetal, C) 80 to 100 parts by weight of a mixture of an acid and water containing more than 90% water, with the proviso that the pH value of the agent of coating is less than 6. The coated molding bodies described are consequent object of the present invention. Another the present invention is the use of the coated bodies according to the invention as glazing material or as a component of automobiles, greenhouses, indoor swimming pools, stadiums, railway stations, industrial buildings, roof coverings, walls, translucent coatings, architectural glazing, translucent domes, viewers, glasses, graphics, bulletin boards, screens, containers or moons for means of transport all types. The coated molding bodies according to the invention exhibit excellent adhesion of the coating together with high mechanical strength. No adhesion layers are required. Another advantage of the coated moldings according to the invention is that the coating agent contains predominantly water and consequently only small amounts of organic solvents. This has as a consequence economic and ecological advantages. In the case of the compounds represented by the general formula (1), which are used as component A of the coating agent according to the invention, these are diesters of sulfonodicarboxylic acids. These are used either as free acids (ie, n = 1 and Mn + = H +) or as salts. In the case that the salts are used, these may be the salts of discretionary cations. As an example, they are mention: cations of elements, cations of organic or inorganic molecules or cations of organic or inorganic complexes. Mixtures of different cations can also be used. Preferred compounds according to the general formula (1) are compounds represented by the general formula (2) wherein R 1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, A a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 3 C atoms, B a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 at 3 C atoms, n 1 or 2 and Mn + a cation positively charged n times. Especially preferred compounds according to the general formula (1) are compounds represented by the general formula (3) wherein R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, n 1 or 2 and n + a cation positively charged n times. Of these, alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts or their mixtures are preferred. Alkaline salts are very especially preferred. As an example, mention may be made of the sodium salt of the bis- (2-ethylhexyl) ester of sulfosuccinic acid. The compounds represented by the general formula (1) can be prepared by known methods. In part they can be obtained commercially. The compounds represented by the general formula (1) can be used as a pure substance or as a solution in a solvent or solvent mixture for the preparation of the coating agents. Preferably they are used as a solution. For example, the commercial product Dapro®U99 from Daniel Products Company, Inc., New Jersey, USA may be used. This is a solution of 40 g of the sodium salt of the bis- (2-ethylhexyl) ester of the . * _ ^ _ ^ & É_ .. ,, - ^ .- ^ - .., - - -, .- - - «-». ag -. t & _ ». i .- ^ -.- h-. sulfosuccinic acid in 43 g of 2-butoxyethanol, 4 g of ethanol, 3 g of water and 10 g of polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (mixture based substantially on polyethylene glycol-oleic acid ester, polyethylene glycol-palmitic acid ester and polyethylene glycol-stearic acid). In case the compound represented by the general formula (1) is used as a solution for the preparation of the coating agent according to the invention, this has the consequence that the coating agent contains, in addition to the three indicated components A, B and C also other substances, namely the solvent of the solution of compound A. The solution of the compound represented by the general formula (1) should preferably have a concentration of 5 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 90%, with very special preference of 20 to 60%. As oxides of a metal or of a semimetal insoluble in water according to the invention, oxides of the elements of the main groups 3 or 4 or of the secondary groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 of the system are preferably used. newspaper of the elements. Examples include aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, chromium oxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide and iron oxides as well as pigments. , especially transparent pigments. The oxides according to the invention may contain small quantities of other elements such as doping agents. Oxides of a metal or of a semimetal of the main groups 3 or 4 of the periodic system of the elements are particularly preferably used. By way of example, mention may be made of: aluminum oxide or silicon oxide. Very particularly preferred are oxides of a metal or of a semimetal of the main group 4 of the periodic system of the elements. Among these the most preferred is silicon dioxide. The oxides according to the invention of a metal or a semimetal are preferably used as sol, that is to say as colloidal aqueous solution, preferably having a concentration of 10 to 50% by weight of the metal oxide and whose particles have a mean diameter preferred lower than 5 μm.

Preferably the oxide particles are present in the sol according to the invention with average sizes of less than 200 nm, particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 100 nm. The particle size is determined by an ultracentrifuge. The mixture according to the invention of an acid and water contains more than 90% water. Preferably it contains more than 95% water, preferably more than 98% water. This may contain organic or inorganic acids. Preferably weak acids are used. They are weak acids those acids having a pKa value greater than 2. Aliphatic carboxylic acids are particularly preferably used. With Very special preference is used acetic acid. The coating agent according to the invention contains from 0.005 to 2 parts by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.4 parts by weight of component A. The agent The coating composition according to the invention contains from 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably from 2 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably from 3 to 8 parts by weight of component B. The coating agent according to the invention has a value of pH less than 6, preferably less than 5. The coating compositions according to the invention can optionally also contain other components, such as p.ep. surfactants and organic solvents for the best wetting of the substrate as well as leveling or antifoaming agents. The preparation of the coating compositions according to the invention is preferably carried out by preparing the sol of the oxide of a metal or semimetal to be used in water or by diluting a commercial sol with water at the desired concentration in the coating agent in accordance with The invention is then preferably adjusted to a weak acid pH, for example by adding acetic acid, and the amount provided for the coating agent of component A of the coating agent according to the invention is added. It is advantageous to filter the coating agent and given the «A - - - - Jaa - i ^ t ^ - ^ f'-g ^^ teaa? ¿^^ J" ^^^^^^^ 8 ^^^^^^^ i ^^ l ^ « -                                           sun also the oxide of a metal or semimetal which, if appropriate, is to be used, so that the corresponding composition contains only particles with a particle diameter preferably below The coating compositions according to the invention can be applied to the molding body to be coated according to all known processes, for example by painting, pouring, rolling, spraying or any other known method. by immersion in the aqueous coating agent according to the invention, this method of method being particularly suitable for mold bodies with cavities such as eg double-plate plates, since the moldings of this type and thus also can In order to make the transparent and extensible coating of the Water on the molding bodies without an adhesion layer The applied coating agent according to the invention is dried and baked at an elevated temperature, preferably between 90 and 155 ° C, particularly preferably between 110 and 135 ° C. The duration of this drying and baking step is governed by the amount of coating agent according to the invention applied and can, if necessary, be determined by simple tests by the person skilled in the relevant art. Preferably the coating agents according to The invention is applied in quantities of 3 to 15 g / m 2, particularly preferably in amounts of 6 to 12 g / m 2, on the molding body to be coated. The thickness of the coating preferably reaches 0.1 to 0.5 μm. With special preference this reaches 0.2 to 0.4 μm. The coating of a plastic molding body with a coating agent according to the invention can be carried out afterwards, but also during its manufacture. The coating agents according to the invention are suitable for the coating of molding bodies of all types. Preferably, glass molding bodies are used. In addition, molded bodies of thermoplastic plastics are preferably used. Preferably these are transparent thermoplastic plastics. Especially these are bodies of molding poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, poly (vinyl chloride) or polycarbonate, preferably polycarbonate. The molding bodies to be coated can have any desired shape. Preferably they have the shape of a moon or sheet. The moon or the blade can be curved or flat. The molding body can be coated on its entire surface or only on a part of a surface. Preferably, 20 to 100% of the surface of the molding body is coated. Thermoplastic plastics suitable for coating are described, for example, in Becker / Braun, Kunststoff- Handbuch (Manual of Plastics), Cari Hanser Verlag, Munich, Vienna. Plastics may contain additives. In accordance with the invention, all types of polycarbonate can be coated in particular. Suitable polycarbonates according to the invention are both homopolycarbonates and also copolycarbonates. A mixture of the polycarbonates suitable according to the invention can also be used. The polycarbonates can be partially or completely replaced by aromatic polyester carbonates. The polycarbonates may also contain polysiloxane blocks. Their preparation is described for example in US-A 3 821 315, US-A 3 189 662 and US-A 3 832 419. Preferred polycarbonates are those based on bisphenols of the general formula (4).

HO-Z-OH (4) wherein Z is a divalent organic moiety of 6 to 30 20 C atoms containing one or more aromatic groups. Examples of bisphenols according to the general formula (4) are bisphenols belonging to the following groups: Dihydroxydiphenyls, Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -alkanes, Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -cycloalkanes, Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -sulfides, Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -ethers, Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -ketones, Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -sulfones, Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -sulphoxides and a, a '-Bis- (hydroxyphenyl) -diisopropylbenzenes. Also examples of bisphenols according to the general formula (4) are derivatives of the indicated bisphenols which can be obtained, for example, by alkylation or halogenation of the aromatic rings of the bisphenols indicated. Examples of bisphenols according to general formula (4) are in particular the following compounds: Hydroquinone, Resorcin, 4,4 '-Dihydroxydiphenyl, Bis- (3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -methane, Bis- (3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -sulfone, 1,1-Bis- (3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -p / m-diisopropylbenzene, 1,1-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenyl -ethane, 1,1-Bis- (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -cciohexane, 1,1-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3-methylcyclohexane, 1,1-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3-dimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -4-methylcyclohexane, 1,1-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -cciohexane, 1,1-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3 , 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,2-Bis- (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2, 2-Bis- (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-Bis- (3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) - propane (i.e., bisphenol A), 2,2-Bis- (3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-Bis- (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2, 4 -Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 2,4-Bis- (3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, a, a'-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -o- diisopropylbenzene, a, a '-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -m-diisopropylbenzene (ie bisphenol M), a'-Bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -p-diisopropylbenzene. Particularly preferred polycarbonates are bisphenol A-based homopolycarbonate , the homopolycarbonate based on 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and the copolycarbonates based on bisphenol A and 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5- trimethylcyclohexane. The bisphenols according to the general formula (4) described can be prepared by known procedures, eg from the corresponding phenols and ketones. Methods for the preparation of the indicated bisphenols are described for example in the monograph by H. Schnell, "Chemistry and Physis of Polycarbonates", Polymer Reviews, vol. 9, pgs. 77-98, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Sydney, 1964 and in US-A 3 028 635, US-A 3 062 781, US-A 2 999 835, US-A 3 148 172, US-A 2 991 273, US-A 3 271 367, US-A 4 982 014, US-A 2 999 846, DE-A ^^^^^^ ¡^ j ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 1 570 703, DE-A 2 063 050, DE-A 2 036 052, DE-A 2 211 956, DE- A 3 832 396 and FR-A 1 561 518 as well as in the publications for Japanese patent application information with application numbers 62039/1986, 62040/1986 and 105550/1986. The preparation of 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,982,014. Polycarbonates can be prepared by known methods. Suitable processes for the preparation of polycarbonates are, for example, the preparation of bisphenols with phosgene according to the procedure of interfaces or of bisphenols with phosgene according to the homogeneous phase process, the so-called pyridine process, or from bisphenols with esters of the carbonic acid according to the melt transesterification process. These preparation methods are described, for example, in H. Schnell, "Chemistry and Physis of Polycarbonates", Polymer Reviews, vol. 9, pgs. 31-76, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Sydney, 1964. The indicated preparation procedures are also described in D. Freitag, U. Grigo, P.R. Müller, H. Nouvertne, "Polycarbonates" in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, volume 11, second edition, 1988, pages 648 to 718 and in U. Grigo, K. Kirchner and P.R. Müller, "Polycarbonate" in Becker / Braun, Kunststoff-Handbuch, volume 3/1, Polycarbonate, Polyacetale, Polyester, Celluloseester, Cari Hanser Verlag Munich, Vienna 1992, pages 117 to 299. The melt transesterification process is described in particular in H. Schnell, "Chemistry and Physis of Polycarbonates", Polymer Reviews, vol. 9, pgs. 44-51, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Sydney, 1964, as well as in DE-A 1 031 512, US-A 3 022 272, US-A 5 340 905 and US-A 5 399 659. diesters of carbonic acid which can be used for the preparation of polycarbonates according to the melt transesterification process, for example carbonyl diaryl esters in which both aryl radicals preferably have each of 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Diesters are preferably used of carbonic acid based on phenol or alkylsubstituted phenols, such as for example diphenyl carbonate or dicresyl carbonate. The polycarbonates suitable according to the invention preferably have a weight average of the molar mass (Mw), which can be determined, for example, by ultracentrifugation or measurement of light scattering, from 10,000 to 200,000 g / mol. With particular preference they have a weighted average of the molar mass of 12,000 to 80,000 g / mol. The average molar mass of the polycarbonates according to the invention can be adjusted, for example, in a known manner by a corresponding amount of chain switches. Are suitable chain switches both monophenols as also monocarboxylic acids. Suitable monophenols are, for example, phenol, p-chlorophenol, p-tert-butylphenol, cumylphenol or 2,4,6-tribromophenol, as well as long-chain alkylphenols, such as, for example, 4- (1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylbutyl) -phenol or monoalkylphenols or dialkylphenols with a total of 8 to 20 C atoms in the alkyl substituents, such as, for example, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, p-tert-octylphenol, p- dodecylphenol, 2- (3, 5-dimethyl-heptyl) -phenol or 4- (3,5-dimethyl-heptyl) -phenol. Suitable monocarboxylic acids are benzoic acid, alkylbenzoic acids and halogenobenzoic acids. Preferred chain terminators are phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, 4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) -phenol and cumylphenol. The number of chain switches is preferably from 0.5 to 10 mol%, based on the sum of the bisphenols correspondingly used. Suitable polycarbonates according to the invention can be branched in a known manner, ie preferably by introducing trifunctional or more than trifunctional branching agents. Suitable branching agents are, for example, those with three or more phenolic groups or those with three or more carboxylic acid groups. Suitable branching agents are eg floroglucin, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptene-2,4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptane, 1,3 5-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -benzene, 1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane, tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenylimethane, 2, 2-bis- [4, 4- bis- (4- hydroxyphenyl) -cyclohexyl] propane, 2,4-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenol, 2,6-bis- (2-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl) -4-methylphenol, 2- (4 -hydroxyphenyl) -2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -propane, hexa- (4- (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenyl ester), tetra- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -methane, tetra- (4- ( 4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenoxy) -methane and 1,4-bis- (4 ', 4"-dihydroxytriphenyl) -methylbenzene as well as 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesinic acid, cyanuric chloride, 3, 3-bis - (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-OXO-2, 3-dihydroindole, trimesinic trichloride and a, a, a "-tris- (4-hydroxyphenol) -1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene. Preferred branching agents are 3, 3-bis- (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-OXO-2,3-dihydroindole and 1,1-tris- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane. The amount of the branching agents to be used is preferably from 0.05 mol% to 2 mol%, based on the moles of bisphenols used. The branching agents, for example in the case of the preparation of the polycarbonate according to the interface process, can be arranged with the bisphenols and the chain terminators in the alkaline aqueous phase, or added dissolved in an organic solvent together with the carbonic acid derivatives. In the case of the transesterification process, the branching agents are preferably dosed together with the dihydroxyaromatic compounds or bisphenols. _ ^ _ Í ^^^^^^? ^^^^^^ _ ^^^ ^^ _ _ BBIBBBBBB BBBB ^^^^^^^^ g ^^^^^ g ^^ g * ^^^^^^ ^^ £ »^^^^^^^^ to ^^^^^ k for modifying the properties may be added to the polycarbonates according to the invention additives and / or applied to the surface of the moldings. Typical additives are, for example, fillers, reinforcing substances, stabilizers (for example UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, gamma-ray stabilizers), antistatics, flow aids, release agents, flame retardants, dyes and pigments. Suitable additives and other suitable ones are described, for example, in Gachter, Müller, Kunststoff-Additive, 3rd edition, Hanser-Verlag, Munich, Vienna, 1989. Other polymers can be added to the polycarbonates according to the invention, the so-called combinations being obtained of polymers. For example, combinations can be prepared from the polycarbonates according to the invention and polyolefins, especially ABS polymers. The coated moldings according to the invention can be used, for example, as a glazing material or as a component of automobiles, greenhouses, indoor swimming pools, stadiums, railway stations, industrial buildings, roof coverings, walls, translucent coatings, encris Architectural alanients, translucent domes, viewers, glasses, graphics, bulletin boards, screens, containers or moons for all types of transport. By material of Glazing should be understood as a material that can be used wherever inorganic glass panes have been used or are still commonly used. The invention is explained below in more detail in the following Examples.

Preparation of the coating agents: T-ctr-nVt-r-iTn-ic-ntr »AA agent 416.7 g of fully desalinated water were added by stirring 83.3 g of silica sol (Levasil® 300F of the Bayer AG) that had previously been filtered through a 5 μm filter. The slurry was then adjusted with 98% acetic acid to a pH of 4.8 and mixed with 1.5 g of Dapro®U99 (a solution of 40 g of the sodium salt of ester bis- (2- ethylhexyl) of sulfosuccinic acid in 43 g of 2-butoxyethanol, 4 g of ethanol, 3 g of water and 10 g of esters of polyethylene glycol-fatty acid (mixture based substantially on polyethylene glycol-oleic acid ester, polyethylene glycol-palmitic acid ester and polyethylene glycol ester-stearic acid.) Levasil® 300F is an anionically stabilized silica sol from Bayer AG with an average particle size of 7 to 8 nm and a specific surface area of 300 m2 / g.The Levasil® 300F It has a solids content of 30% by weight and a pH value of about 9.8 It contains a small amount of <; 0.2% by weight of formaldehyde against the attack of microorganisms. Coating agent B The preparation was carried out analogously to coating agent A. Instead of Dapro® U99, however, 0.675 g of the sodium salt of the bis- (2-ethylhexyl) ester of sulfosuccinic acid were added in 0.825 g of 2- butoxyethanol. --- "" "• - - - ..8s ja & '^ i ^ ß? ^ A ^ e ~ x ~ -. ~ - .. L. .f1 ^ ^^..? T. M ^> ... _. _ A? _-_-- - Coating agent C The preparation was carried out analogously to coating agent A. Instead of the indicated solution, however, 0.621 g of sodium salt of the bis- (2-ethylhexyl) ester of sulfosuccinic acid, 0.054 g of polyethylene glycol (number average of the molar mass: 1,000) in 0.754 of 2-butoxyethanol and 0.0705 g of ethanol. performed analogously to coating agent C. Instead of polyethylene glycol 0.062 g of polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (mixture based substantially on polyethylene glycol-oleic acid ester, polyethylene glycol-palmitic acid ester and polyethylene glycol ester stearic acid) were added. ) Coating of polycarbonate hollow chamber plates Hollow chamber plates of a branched aromatic polycarbonate (relative viscosity in 1,315 solution measured in a solution of 0.5 g of polycarbonate in 100 ml of methylene chloride at room temperature) as used for the construction of greenhouses were coated on one side respectively with the coating agents A to D by the flow procedure and then dried at 130 ° C for 0.5 h. The layer thicknesses were approx. 0.3 μm (thickness measuring device ETA-SD-30, Fa.ETA-Optik, interference procedure). The coatings did not present superficial alterations and did not show any . _a * a_M¡ «- > . , ... - ".,., .- *" ...,. ... ^ ... ^ .... s-afea ^^ ^^ -,. ^^ 3Sto_a __ «_ safa_ interference pattern. Moistening with water was uniform. The marginal angle of the water was less than 1 °. Steam test (100 ° C) As an additional test, the steam test was carried out, in which the hollow chamber plates are exposed to a closed steam atmosphere at 100 ° C. It is observed if the extensor effect of the water disappears and the first drop formation.

In the case of the comparative example, after 30 minutes a clear detachment of the coating with brown coloration of the water droplets was observed. Test in greenhouse model The coated polycarbonate hollow chamber plates were fixed at an angle of 60 ° with the coated side down on the roof of a greenhouse model, so that the extensor activity of the water could be compared by observing the formation of droplets In the greenhouse model water was evaporated by a heat source so that a temperature of 50 ° C and a humidity of 100% were implanted. * t ^ ZSfi¡r * ^^ ¡^^^ ^ ^^^^ S ^^^^^^^^ The plates were left for 6 hours under these conditions and then heated in a dry oven for 4 h at 40 ° C. C. The process was then repeated in the greenhouse model and in the stove, always alternately, until the water-expelling effect disappeared (recognizable by the formation of drops on the plate). For comparison, three commercial polycarbonate hollow chamber plates equipped with a water-extending coating, such as those used in the construction of greenhouses, were tested together. Result: __ ^ fc ^

Claims (10)

REVIDICACIOJES Having described the invention as above, it is declared as property contained in the following reivirrri < rimes:

1. Molding bodies obtained by coating a part of the surface of the molding body or of the entire surface of the molding body with a coating agent rartr + pri-7? P? pprr | tp pl fr p rip ttpntt-imi.trtr > rrnt-ipnp 10 A) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a compound represented by the general formula (1) wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, R2 hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 6 atoms 20 of C, to a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, B a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, 25 n 1, 2, 3 or 4 and Mn + a cation positively charged n times, B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a water-insoluble oxide or of several water-insoluble oxides of a metal or of a semimetal, C) 80 to 100 parts by weight of a mixture of an acid and water containing more than 90 % water, with the proviso that the pH value of the coating agent is less than 6.

2. Coated molding bodies according to claim 1 obtained by coating a part of the surface of the molding body or of the entire surface of the molding body with a coating agent cdicdt-r Tptios because the dyail ds recLtrip? Epto c) A) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a compound represented by the general formula (2) wherein R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, A single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 3 C atoms, B a single bond or a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 3 C atoms, n 1 or 2 and Mn + a positively charged cation n times, 5 B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a water-insoluble or multidose oxide water-insoluble oxides of a metal or of a semimetal of the main groups 3 or 4 or of the secondary groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 of the periodic system of the elements, 10 C) 80 to 100 parts by weight of a mixture of an acid and water containing more than 90% water, with the proviso that the pH value of the coating agent is less than 6.

3. Coated molding bodies according to claim 1 obtained by coating a part of the surface of the molding body or of the entire surface of the molding body with a coating agent characterized in that the coating agent contains 20 A ) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a compound represented by the general formula (3) »- -i -» _. , ........ Afa ^ -3- .. x _. ^^^ and a_a_ft »» e3 * ¿. ^ e * S & ^ ^ - «av ^, ^^^ ^ ^^ &? ^^ = i ^ £ where R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, n 1 or 2 and Mn + a cation positively charged n times, B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a sol of an insoluble oxide in water or of several water-insoluble oxides of a metal or of a semimetal of the main groups 3 or 4 of the periodic system of the elements, C) 80 to 100 parts by weight of a mixture of a weak acid and water containing more than 90% water, with the proviso that the pH value of the coating agent is less than 6.

4. Coated molding bodies according to claim 1 obtained by coating a part of the surface of the molding body or of the entire surface of the molding body with a coating agent characterized in that the coating agent contains A) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a compound represented by the general formula (3) ^ b ^ £ w. wherein R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 30 C atoms, n 1 or 2 and Mn + an alkali metal ion (for n = 1) or an alkaline earth metal ion (for n = 2), B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a sol of a water-insoluble oxide of a metal or of a semimetal of the main groups 3 or 4 of the periodic system of the elements, C) 80 to 100 parts by weight of a mixture of an acid weak and water containing more than 90% water, with the proviso that the pH value of the coating agent is less than 6.

5. Coated molding bodies according to claim 1 obtained by coating a part of the surface of the molding body or of the entire surface of the molding body with a coating agent characterized in that the coating agent contains A) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a compound represented by the general formula (5) in which ^^ g ^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue from 1 to 30 atoms of C and Mn + an alkali metal ion, B) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a sol of a water-insoluble oxide of a metal or of a semimetal of the main group 4 of the periodic system of the elements, C) 80 a 100 parts by weight of a mixture of a weak acid and water containing more than 90% water, with the proviso that the pH value of the coating agent is less than 6.

6. Coated molding bodies according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coating obtained by coating with the coating agent according to the invention is 0.1 to 0.5 μm thick.

7. Coated molding bodies according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the molding body used for the coating is made of glass or a transparent thermoplastic plastic.

8. Coated molding bodies according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the molding body is in the form of a window or sheet.

9. Use of the coated molding bodies according to ?. *. »-» a- »afc .. -. . _ -. 3l ^^ rfff i ^^ one of claims 1 to 8 as glazing material.

10. Use of the coated molding bodies according to one of claims 1 to 9 as a component of automobiles, greenhouses, indoor swimming pools, stadiums, railway stations, industrial buildings, roof coverings, walls, translucent coatings, architectural glazing, translucent domes , 10 viewers, glasses, graphics, bulletin boards, screens, containers or moons for all types of transport. . «^^. "- ^^^^^." -:.,. .: .. ^ -fe ** ^ tílffl | tfe ^