MXPA00011078A - Medical valve with positive flow characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

A medical valve device for use in selectively establishing a fluid flow between first and second medical implements is disclosed. The valve has a body defining a passage from a first port to a second port. The valve defines a fist fluid volume when both medical implements are connected thereto, and a second, smaller volume when one of the implements is disconnected, thereby causing a positive flow of fluid from the valve to the second medical implement when the first implement is disconnected.

Description

MEDICAL VALVE WITH POSITIVE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to a medical valve, and in particular to a valve which, when connected between a first medical device, such as a fluid source, and a second medical device, such as a catheter, facilitates the flow of fluid therebetween, and when the first medical utensil is disconnected therefrom, induces a positive fluid flow through the valve in the direction of the second medical implement.

Background of the Invention Fluid manipulation for parenteral administration in hospitals and medical facilities routinely involves the use of connectors and valves to selectively facilitate the movement of fluids between two points. These valves are typically placed along a fluid flow line leading to a patient or other destination. For example, the tube may carry a catheter having its tip positioned within a patient.

Ref. 0124958 The valve is arranged so that a fluid source or other line can be connected to it to provide a flow of fluid from the source to the patient. When the source of fluid or line is removed, the valve closes, sealing the line leading to the patient.

The element which is connected to the valve may comprise a tube or other medical device, such as a conduit, syringe, I.V. (both peripheral and central lines), incorporated line, or similar component, which is adapted for connection to the medical valve. Unfortunately, the prior art valves suffer from a problem that results from the disconnection of these medical utensils from the valve.

These valves define a space within them through which a fluid or other material can flow from the utensil to the line on which the valve is mounted. When the medical device is connected to the valve, it typically occupies a portion of this internal valve space, displacing the fluid (if it is a liquid or air) within the valve.

A problem occurs when the medical device is disconnected from the valve. When the utensil is disconnected, it no longer occupies a portion of the space in the valve. The increase in space within the valve results in the fluid in the valve and line to which the valve is connected moving to fill the space. In effect, the removal of the utensil creates a suction force which extracts the fluid in the valve.

In the medical facility, this movement of fluid is very undesirable. When the valve is connected to a fluid line carrying a patient, the movement of fluid through the line into the space in the valve has the effect of drawing blood from the patient in the direction of the valve. A serious problem that can result in this blood clotting and clogging the catheter near its tip, rendering it inoperable, and can even result in blood clotting in the patient, which can be fatal.

An attempt to overcome this clogging problem has been to coat the inner surface of the catheter near its tip to prevent blood from adhering to its internal surfaces. This method has generally been poor in the prevention of catheter clogging.

The risk * of blood catheter clogging increases significantly where e? The internal diameter of the catheter is small (for example, caliber 27). These small catheters have the advantage, however, that they reduce the injury and discomfort caused by insertion into a patient. Because these catheters have a very small passage through them, even a small suction force can draw enough fluid through a catheter to the valve that introduces blood into the tip of the catheter, whose blood can clog the blood. catheter passage.

It becomes more difficult to overcome the problem previously established when considering another criterion, which the valve must satisfy. For example, the valve should be arranged so that it does not have fluid stagnation points. If the fluid is allowed to stagnate in one or more areas of the valve, bacterial growth and other problems may occur.

In addition, the valve would have an internal flow path which is uniform. Sharp edges and corners can damage blood cells and cause hemolysis.

A valve is desired which overcomes the problems stated above.

Brief Description of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, a valve is provided which is advantageously used between two medical devices. The valve of this invention has several features, none of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes.

More importantly, the valve is arranged to provide a positive flow (i.e., the movement of fluid in the direction away from the valve opposite to inside the valve) when one of the medical utensils is disconnected therefrom. At the same time, the valve is safe, reliable and capable of being used repeatedly, is simple for manufacturing and use, and is suitable for high pressure applications.

The valve of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in an application wherein one of the medical devices comprises a catheter having its tip placed in a patient. In a preferred embodiment, the second medical implement comprises a fluid source having a connector for connection to the valve.

The valve of the present invention has a fluid space, which expands with the connection of the second medical implement and contracts with the disconnection of the medical implement. When the valve is connected to the catheter, the disconnection of the second medical device creates a positive flow from the valve to the tip of the catheter with the disconnection of the medical device to avoid potential problems of blood clogging. The valve is particularly suitable for applications with a catheter where it is desirable to avoid negative flow, but can be used for other applications as well.

Preferably, the valve includes a housing adapted for connection to a first medical implement and a second medical implement. The valve defines a fluid space therein, and includes means to increase the fluid space when the second medical implement is connected, and to decrease the fluid space when the second medical implement is disconnected. Means are also preferably provided to define a fluid path through the valve when both medical utensils are connected thereto, and to close the fluid path when the second medical implement is disconnected.

The drawbacks, features and additional advantages of the present invention over the prior art will become apparent from the detailed description of the drawings which are mentioned below, when considered with the accompanying figures.

Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates a valve according to the present invention as used to selectively provide fluid from a fluid source connected to a fluid line leading to a catheter, which is introduced into a patient.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a valve housing according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a top view of the housing illustrated in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a side view of the housing illustrated in Figure 2; Figure 5 is an end view of the housing illustrated in Figure 2; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional side view of the housing illustrated in Figure 2 and taken along the line 6-6 therein; Figure 7 is a perspective view of the valve according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a top view of the valve illustrated in Figure 7; Figure 9 is a first end view of the valve illustrated in Figure 7; Figure 10 is an opposite end view of the valve illustrated in Figure 9; Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the valve illustrated in Figure 7, taken along line 11-11 therein, illustrating a valve piston in an uncompressed position; Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the valve illustrated in Figure 11, with the piston in a second position or compressed position utilizing the tip of a medical implement; Figure 13 is a perspective view of the valve piston of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 is a top view of the piston illustrated in Figure 13; Figure 15 is a side view of the piston illustrated in Figure 13; Figure 16 is a cross-sectional side view of the piston illustrated in Figure 14, taken along line 16-16 therein; Figure 17 is an end view of the piston illustrated in Figure 14; Figure 18 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a second embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a piston of the valve in a first position; Figure 19 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 18, with the piston in a second position; Figure 20 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a third embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a piston of the valve in a first position; Figure 21 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 20, with the piston in a second position; Figure 22 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a valve piston in a first position, - Figure 23 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 22, with the piston in a second position; Figure 24 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a pair of pistons of the valve in a first position; Figure 25 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 24, with the pistons in a second position; Figure 26 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a piston of the valve in a first position; Figure 27 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 26, with the piston in a second position; Figure 28 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a piston of the valve in a first position; Figure 29 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 28, with the piston in a second position; Figure 30 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, illustrating an elastic element of the valve in a first position; Figure 31 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 30, with the element in a second position; Figure 32 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a seal of the valve in a first position; Figure 33 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 32, with the seal in a second position; Figure 34 is a cross-sectional side view of a valve according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a diaphragm of the valve in a first position; Figure 35 is a cross-sectional side view of the valve as illustrated in Figure 34, with the diaphragm in a second position; Figure 36 is a perspective view of a valve according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention; Figure 37 is a top view of the valve illustrated in Figure 36; Figure 38 is a cross-sectional view of the valve illustrated in Figure 37 taken along line 38-38 therein and illustrating a valve piston in a first position; Figure 39 is a cross-sectional view of the valve illustrated in Figure 37 taken along line 39-39 therein and illustrating the valve piston in a second position; Figure 40 is a perspective view of a valve housing illustrated in Figure 36; Figure 41 is a top view of the housing illustrated in Figure 40; Figure 42 is a cross-sectional view of the housing illustrated in Figure 41 taken along line 42-42 therein; Figure 43 is a cross-sectional view of the housing illustrated in Figure 41 taken along the line 43-43 therein; Figure 44 is a perspective view of the valve piston; Figure 45 is a top view of the piston illustrated in Figure 44; Figure 46 is a side view of the piston illustrated in Figure 44; Figure 47 is a second side view of the piston illustrated in Figure 44; Figure 48 is a cross-sectional view of the piston illustrated in Figure 46 taken along line 48-48 therein; Figure 49 is a cross-sectional view of a valve according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention, illustrated with a seal thereof in a first position; Figure 50 is a cross-sectional view of the valve illustrated in Figure 49 with a seal in a second position; Figure 51 is a cross-sectional view of the valve illustrated according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention, illustrated with a seal thereof in a first position; Y Figure 52 is a cross-sectional view of the valve illustrated in Figure 51 with the seal in a second position.

Detailed description of the preferred modalities Figures 1-17 illustrate a valve 20 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 illustrates a particular use of valve 20 for which valve 20 is well suited. Of course, valve 20 can be used in a variety of other ways.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the valve 20 can be advantageously used to selectively control the flow of fluid to a catheter 22 from a fluid source 24, such as an I.V. bag. In this arrangement, a first medical implement 21 is connected to the valve 20. The first medical implement 21 comprises a tube 23 leading to a catheter 22. One end of the tube 23 is connected to the valve 20, and the catheter 22 has its tip placed on a patient.

A second medical implement 26 is also connected to the valve 20. The second medical implement 26 comprises a connection member 27 positioned at one end of a tube 29 which leads to the I.V. 24 When connected in this way, the valve 20 allows fluid to flow from the I.V. bag. 24 or another source of medical fluid to the catheter 22 and in the patient. The valve 20 is also arranged so that when the second medical implement 26 is disconnected, the flow of fluid through the valve 20 is obstructed. In addition, when the second medical implement 26 is disconnected, the valve 20 generates a fluid flow. "positive", that is, fluid flow in the direction of the patient, in such a way that stagnation with blood from the catheter is prevented 22.

The first embodiment of the valve 20 of the present invention will now be described in greater detail. As illustrated in Figures 2-6, the valve 20 includes a housing 28. The housing 28 is generally "T" shaped, having a main portion with a first end 30 defining a first hole 31 and having a second opposite end 32.

A branch 33 extends outwardly from the main portion of the housing 28. The branch 33 has a third end 34 that defines a second orifice or branch hole 35. (See Figure 7.) Referring to Figure 6, a main passage 36 is defined by an inner surface of a wall of the housing 28, and extends from the first end 30 to the second end 32 thereof. In addition, a branch step 38 extends from the main passage 36 through the branch hole to the third end 34.

As stated above, the second end 32 of the housing 28 is closed. Preferably, an end cap 40 is placed on the second end 32 of the housing 28.

With the exception of the branching portion 33, the housing 28 is generally cylindrical, as is the main passage 36. The first end 30 of the housing 28 is adapted to receive the tip or initial cannula part 37 of a standard syringe ANSI, as shown in FIG. illustrated in Figure 12. As such, the passage 36 at the first end has a larger diameter than the tip of this type of syringe. However, it is contemplated that the diameter of the passage 36 may be of any size to adjust the attachment of other connecting devices thereto.

Preferably, means is provided for securing the medical implement 26 to the first end 30 of the valve 20. In the preferred embodiment, threads 44 are placed on the outer surface of the housing 28 at the first end 30 to engage the gear with the threads. on the connector 27 of the second medical implement 26. Other fixation means known to those skilled in the art can be used in place of the threads 44.

Since the main passage 36 is generally cylindrical, the end cap 40 is generally circular. The cover 40 engages the wall of the housing 28 at the second end 32 to close the passage. The end cap 40 preferably includes a tongue extending outwardly 46 on its peripheral edge to engage the inner surface of the housing 28 in the passage 36 to secure the end cap 40 in place.

For reasons described in greater detail below, the diameter of the passage 36 in the first end 30 of the housing 28 is smaller than that in the second end 32. As illustrated, step 36 narrows (movement in one direction from the second end towards the first end 32,30) near where the branch passage 38 extends from the main passage 36. In addition, the main passage 36 tapers again past the branch passage 38 near the first end 30. A peripheral flange 48 is formed at that point where the main passage 36 tapers near the first end 32.

As illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, a piston 42 is slidably positioned within the main passage 36. Referring to Figures 13-17, the piston 42 is generally cylindrical, has a maximum outside diameter which is only slightly smaller than the maximum diameter of the passage 36. The piston 42 has a first end 50 and a second end 52 and an end-to-end length which is less than the distance from the first end 30 to the second end 32 of the housing 28 .

The piston 42 has a head 54 at its first end 50. As illustrated, the head 54 is circular in outer shape, but has an inclined end surface 56. A neck 58 extends from the head 54 to a body 60. The collar 58 preferably has a reduced diameter as compared to head 54. An "O" ring 67 or similar seal is placed around the reduced diameter collar 58 for engagement with the adjacent wall of housing 28.

A first portion of the body 60 adjacent the neck 58 has a smaller diameter than a second portion of the body 60 positioned closer to the second end 52. The transition between these two sections creates a projection 62. The projection 62 is arranged to engage the flange 48 in the passage 36 of the housing, preventing the removal of the piston 42 from the first end 30 of the housing 28.

A pair of elongated cuts or cavities 64 are formed on opposite sides (i.e., 180 degrees to each other) in the second portion of the body 60 of the piston 42. The cuts 64 are sinusoidal in shape, and extend internally to a radial depth. which is equal to the height of the projection 62 (so that the lower part of the cut is at the same level as the outside of the housing in the first portion of the body).

A groove 66 is formed in the piston 42 near its second end 52. Preferably, a seal 68 (see Figures 11 and 12) is placed in this groove 66. The seal 68 is preferably a "0" ring. Composed of rubber or a similar elastic sealing material.

In the preferred embodiment, the piston 42 is hollow, has a recessed area therein. As illustrated, the recessed area comprises a core or passage 72 extending internally from the second end 52 thereof. The core 72 preferably has three diameters, the longest of which is near the second end 52, and decreases in diameter in two steps to two different diameters which are smaller than the first. The core 72 is in communication with the passage 36 within the housing 28. The core 72 preferably has all three diameters, so that the wall of the housing 28 has a generally uniform thickness, which facilitates molding. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the core 72 may have more or less than three different diameters.

The mounted valve 20, where the piston 42 is placed in the housing 28, is illustrated in Figures 7-12. As illustrated, the seal 68 divides the main passage 36 into a first cavity or chamber 39 and a second cavity or chamber 41. The first chamber 39 comprises the space between the end cap 40 and the second end 52 of the piston 42, as well as the space defined within the piston 42 by the core 72. The second chamber 41 is that space from the seal 68 to the first end 30 of the housing 28 not occupied by the piston 42.

As illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, the piston 42 is movable from a first "uncompressed" position or position in which the projection 62 engages the flange 48 and the first end 50 of the piston 42 extends outwardly from the first end. 30 of the housing 28, to a second position or "compressed" position in which the piston 42 moves in the direction of the second end 32 of the housing 28.

Means are provided for biasing the piston 42 in its first position. Preferably, these means comprise a spring 70. The spring 70 is of the helical variety, and has its first end engaging the cover 40 and its second end engaging the piston 42, preferably within the core 72 in a flange created in a change in diameters of it.

The first chamber 39 is filled with air. To adjust the movement of the piston 42 towards the second end 32 of the housing 28, an air vent hole 75 is preferably provided through the end cap 40 (see also Figure 5). The air vent hole 75 is a passage through the cover 40 from the chamber 39 to the outside of the valve 20, which allows air to flow in and out of the chamber 39.

The branch 33 generally extends perpendicularly from the remainder of the housing 28 between its first and second ends 30, 32. The branch 33 is generally defined by a cylindrical wall 76 extending outwardly from the wall which defines the main portion of the housing 28. The wall 76 defines the branch step 38.

As best illustrated in Figures 7 and 11-12, a threaded sleeve 78 preferably extends around the branch of the housing 28. The sleeve 78 has an internal diameter which is larger than the outside diameter of the wall 76. Actually, the internal diameter is large enough to define a space between the wall 76 and the sleeve 78, in which the end of a tube or other member can be inserted.

The sleeve 78 is preferably connected to the wall 76. As illustrated in Figure 7 and 9-12, the outer surface of the sleeve. 78 has a number of holes 80 in it to assist in the grip by a user.

The operation of the valve 20 will now be described in detail with reference to the figures. A user first connects the first medical implement 21 to the branch hole 35 at the third end 34. When the first medical implement 21 is of the type described above, one end of the tube 23 having a connector thereon is guided over the wall 76 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 78. The connector is preferably screwed into the gear with the sleeve 78 to hold it in place.

The user then engages the second medical implement 26 to the first port 31 of the valve 20. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 37 positioned within a connector 27 having a coupling holding structure for the threads 44 or another fixing means placed in the housing 28.

The user moves forward the cannula tip 37 until the end surface 56 of the piston 42 engages. As the user further moves the implement forward, the piston 42 is pressed in the direction of the second end 32 of the housing 28, compressing the spring 70. The air within the passage 36 between the end cap 40 and the piston 42 and inside the core 72 of the piston is forced out through the vent hole 75 in the end cap 40.

Once the connector 27 of the utensil 26 extends towards the first end 30 of the housing 28, the user fixes the connector 27 to the housing 28 to provide a secure connection. In this way, the tool 26 is connected to the valve 20 in the position illustrated in Figure 12.

When the piston 42 is in this position, a fluid flow path is established from the second medical tool 26 (and through the tube 29 from the bag IV in the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1) through the valve 20 to the first medical device 21 (and thus through the catheter 22 to the patient). The fluid flows through the tip 37 of the cannula along the first end 54 of the piston 42 into the second chamber 41, ie, that space between the piston 42 and the interior surface of the housing 28, including the space within the chamber. the cuts 64. The total volume of fluid within the valve 20 when the second medical implement is joined and the fluid fills the second chamber 41 is a quantity VI.

The fluid is prevented from moving past the second end 52 of the piston 42 in the first chamber 39 through the seal 68. As a result, the fluid flowing from the second medical implement 26 towards the valve 20 is forced to flow in the passage of branch 38 and on it in tube 23 to the patient.

More importantly, when the second medical implement 26 of the valve 20 is disconnected, the valve 20 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical implement through the branch passage 38. Since the second medical implement 26 is disconnected. , the spring 70 forces the piston towards the first end 30 of the housing 28. Since the piston moves in this direction, the piston 42 slides through the narrowest portion of the passage 36 near the first end 30 of the housing 28. This movement causes the total volume or fluid space in the second chamber 41 to be reduced between the piston 42 and the housing 28. Once the projection 62 of the piston 42 strikes the flange 48, the piston suspends movement, and the volume of fluid within the valve 20 is in a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 20 decreases as the second medical device 26 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 28. This fluid moves along depressions 64 and in the branch passage 38 in the In the direction of the patient, the total volume of fluid flowing in the "positive" direction VD (displaced volume) is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the piston 42 has ground, the valve 20 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical device 21 back through the valve 20, since the piston closes the passage 36 near the first end 30 of the housing 28. This prevents, for example, that the patient's blood pressure forced the blood back to the valve 20 and out of the first hole 31.

In addition to providing a positive flow, the valve 20 of the present invention has some other distinct advantages. First, it is often the case that medical valves have an area that contains fluid within them in which the fluid can stagnate. Stagnation of fluid is undesirable, since it can result in bacterial growth and similar problems.

The valve 20 of the present invention has its fluid-containing area between the piston 42 and the wall of the housing 28, which defines the main passage 36. This annular space is generally flushed each time the fluid is injected from the end. upper 50 of piston 42.

Another aspect of the present invention is that the end surface 56 of the first end 50 of the piston 42 is smooth. This allows the user of valve 20 to clean the cannula by scouring the surface before connecting the medical implement to the first hole 31 of the valve. The scrubbing can be with alcohol or a similar disinfectant which serves to prevent the entry of bacteria and the like in the fluid system through the valve 20.

Now it can be understood that the valve 20 includes both means for reducing the volume or fluid space therein when the second medical implement is disconnected (i.e., in this case, a reduction in the volume of the chamber or cavity 41), and means for establishing a flow path through the valve 20 when the second medical implement is connected and for closing this fluid path when the tool is disconnected. In this first embodiment, these means are provided by the single piston 42.

A second mode valve 120 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 18 and 19. As illustrated, this valve 120 includes a housing 128 which is similar to the valve housing 20 described above, except that this housing is of shorter length between a first end 128 and a second end 130, since a piston 142 of the valve 120 is also shorter.

As illustrated, the first end 130 defines a first hole 131, and the second opposite end 132 is closed. A branch 133 extends to a third end 134 defining a branch hole 135.

A main passage 136 extends from the first end 130 to the second end 132 of the housing. The main passage 136 is defined by an internal surface of a wall of the housing 128. The main passage 136 is generally cylindrical in shape, in this embodiment it does not have rims or bearings.

A branch step 138 extends perpendicularly from the main passage 138 between the first and second ends 130, 132 of the housing 128. The branch passage 138 is preferably defined by a wall 176. The branch passage 138 is generally cylindrical in shape.

The piston 142 is movably positioned within the passage 136 of the housing 128. The piston 142 has a body 160 which is generally cylindrical in shape, and has a first end 150 and a second end 152. The first end 150 defines a head 154 which has an inclined surface. In this embodiment, the piston 142 is similar to that of the first embodiment, except that the piston is much shorter and does not have the sections of different diameters.

A slot 166 is formed in the body 160 between its first and second ends 150, 152. As illustrated, a seal 168 is placed in the slot 166 of the piston 142. This seal 168 divides the passage 136 in the housing 128 in a first chamber 139 and a second chamber 141.

A cavity or web 172 is formed in the body 160 of the piston 142 extending from the second end 152. A first end of a spring 170 is placed in the cavity 172 and extends therefrom to the second end 132 of the housing 128. to bias the piston 142 towards the first end 130 of the housing 128.

A vent hole 175 is provided through the second end 132 of the housing 128. The vent hole 175 allows air to flow between the first chamber 139 and the exterior of the housing 128.

A pre-cut elastic seal 182 is provided near the first end 130 of the housing 128. The seal 182 is generally circular to fit within the passage 136, and preferably includes a pre-formed slit 184 through which the tip of the seal can pass. a medical utensil. The seal 182 is preferably constructed of an elastic material such that it naturally returns to the position (i.e., reseals) illustrated in Figure 18, where the slit 184 is closed and the fluid is prevented from passing through. same As with the first embodiment, a sleeve 178 is placed around the wall 176 defining a branch 133 of the housing 128. The sleeve 178 preferably has threads 179 on an inner surface thereof.

The operation of the valve 120 will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 18 and 19. A user first connects the first medical implement (not shown, but which may be similar to that illustrated in Figure 1) to the orifice. of branching 135 at the third end 134. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, the free end of the tube is guided on the wall 176 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 178.

The user then engages the second medical implement 126 to the first orifice 131 of the valve 120. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 137.

The user moves the cannula tip 137 forward until the end surface 156 of the piston 142 engages. As the user further moves the implement forward, the piston 142 is pressed in the direction of the second end 132 of the housing 128, compressing the spring 170. The air within the first chamber 139 between the end cap 140 and the piston 142 and within the piston core 172 is forced out through the vent hole 75 in the end cap 140.

When the piston 142 is in this position (as illustrated in Figure 19), a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement 126 (such as through a tube from the IV bag) through the valve 120 to the first medical device (and thus through the catheter to the patient). The fluid flows through the tip 137 of the cannula along the first end 154 of the piston 142 in the second chamber 141. The total volume of fluid within the valve 120 when the second medical implement is engaged and the fluid fills the second chamber 141 is a quantity VI.

The fluid is prevented from moving past the seal 168 in first chamber 139. As a result, the fluid flowing from the second medical device 26 to the second chamber 141 is forced to flow in the branch passage 138 and immediately after in the tube to the patient.

More importantly, when the second medical implement 126 is disconnected from the valve 120, the valve 120 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical implement through the branch passage 138. Since the second medical implement 126 is disconnected. , the spring 170 forces the piston 142 towards the first end 130 of the housing 128. This movement causes the total volume or fluid space in the second chamber 141 to be reduced between the piston 142 and the seal 182 at the first end 130 of the housing 128. Once the piston meets the seal 182, the piston stops its movement, and the volume of fluid within the valve 20 is at a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 120 decreases as the second medical implement 126 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 128. This fluid moves through the branch passage 138 in the patient's direction, the volume Total fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the tip of the implement 137 is removed, the valve 120 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical device 21 back through the valve 120, since the slot 184 in the seal 182 is sealed again, closing the passage 136 near the first end 130 of the housing 128.

In addition to providing a positive flow, the valve 120 of the present invention has other advantages. On the other hand, the valve 120 of this embodiment has its fluid-containing area between the piston 142 and the housing 128, which defines the main passage 136. This space is flushed each time the fluid is injected from the upper end. 150 of the piston 142.

Advantageously, a needle can be used to penetrate the seal 182 instead of the blunt tipped cannula 137.

In this arrangement, the seal 182 is preferably elastic so that it is sealed again, but does not need to be previously cut.

As can be understood now, the means for selectively establishing the fluid flow path through the valve 120 and the means for producing a reduction in the fluid space in the valve 120 when it is separated in this embodiment are separated. the second medical implement 126 is eliminated. In this embodiment, the means for selectively establishing the fluid flow path comprises the seal 184, while the means for reducing the fluid space comprises the polarized piston 142.

A third mode valve 220 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 20 and 21. As illustrated, this valve 220 includes a housing 228. As illustrated, the housing 228 is a cylindrical body generally having a first end 230 defining a first hole 231 and having a second opposite end 232.

A main passage 236 extends from the first end 230 to the second end 232 of the housing. The main passage 236 is defined by an internal surface of the housing 228. The main passage 236 is cylindrical generally in cross section. An extension step 238 of smaller diameter extends from the main passage 238 to the second end 232 of the valve 220, the passage 238 is partially defined by a wall 276. A sleeve 278 is placed around the exterior of the wall 276. The sleeve 278 preferably has threads 279 on an inner surface thereof.

The piston 242 is movably positioned within the passage 236 of the housing 228. The piston 242 has a body 260 having a generally circular first end 250 or head. A flange or flange 255 extends outwardly from a circumference of the head 250. A number of passages 257 are provided through the head 250 of the piston 242.

A polarization member 270 is positioned between the piston 242 and a rim 261 formed by the wall of the housing 238 at the intersection of two portions of the passage 236 having different diameters. Polarization member 270 is preferably an annular, compressible and generally closed cell material, such as foam or the like.

A pre-cut elastic seal 282 is provided near the first end 230 of the housing 228. The seal 282 is generally circular to fit within the passage 236, and includes a preformed slit 284 through which the tip of a medical implement can pass. . The seal 282 is preferably constructed of such an elastic material that when it returns to a non-polarized position as illustrated in Figure 20, the slit 284 is closed and fluid is prevented from passing therethrough.

The operation of the valve 220 will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 20 and 21. A user first connects the first medical implement (not shown, but which may be similar to that illustrated in Figure 1) to the second. end 232. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, the free end of the tube is guided on the wall 276 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 278. The user then engages the second medical implement 226 with the first orifice 231 of the valve 220. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 237.

The user moves the cannula tip 237 forward through the seal 282 until the end surface 256 of the piston 242 engages. As the user further moves the implement forward, the piston 242 is pressed in the direction of the second end 232 of the housing 228, compressing the polarization member 270.

When the piston 242 is in this position (as illustrated in Figure 21), a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement 226 (such as through a tube from an IV bag) through the valve 220 to the first medical implement (and thus through the catheter to the user) . The fluid flows through the tip 237 of the cannula through the passages 257 in step 236. In addition, the fluid fills the space 241 between the seal 282 and the piston 242. The total volume of fluid within the valve 220 when the second medical device is engaged it is a quantity VI.

More importantly, when the second medical implement 226 is disconnected from the valve 220, the valve 220 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical implement through the extension passage 238. Since the second medical implement 226 is disconnected. , the polarization member 270 forces the piston towards the first end 230 of the housing 228. Since the piston 242 moves in this direction, the polarization member 270 expands. This causes the total volume or fluid e in the housing 228 to be reduced. Once the piston 242 abuts the seal 184, the piston stops its movement, and the volume of fluid within the valve 220 is at a minimum amount. V2 Because the volume of fluid in the valve decreases 220 since the second medical implement 226 is disconnected, a certain fluid must be displaced within the housing. This fluid moves through the branching passage 238 in the direction of the patient, the total volume of fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2. Once the tip of the utensil 237 is removed, the valve 220 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical device back through the valve 220, since the slit 284 in the seal 282 is sealed again, closing the step 236 near the first end 230 of the housing 228.

In addition to providing a positive flow, the valve 220 of the present invention has other advantages. The valve 220 of the present invention has its fluid-containing area between the seal 282 and the housing 228, which defines the main passage 236. This e is flushed each time the fluid is injected from the upper end 250 of the piston 242.

Another advantage is that the completely linear fluid flow path from the first to the second end 230, 232 serves to eliminate stagnation areas.

A fourth mode valve 320 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 22 and 23. This valve 320 includes a housing 328 which is generally cylindrical in shape, similar to housing 228 of the third embodiment. The housing 328 has a first end 330 defining a first hole 331 and a second end 332 defining a second hole 335. A passage 336 extends through the housing 328 end-to-end.

A piston 342 is movably positioned within the passage 336. The piston 342 has a generally circular head 354 with a flange or flange 355 extending downward therefrom peripherally around the outer edge of the head 354. At least one step 357 is provided through the head 354 of the piston 342.

A biasing element 370 is placed within the housing 328 between the piston 342 and the second end 332. As illustrated, the element 370 is an elastic member which is circular in shape having a "C" shaped cross section generally with a closed inner side and an open outer side.

The element 370 cooperates with an internal surface of the housing 328 to define a chamber 339, which is sealed from the passage 336. One or more ventilation holes 375 are provided through the wall of the housing from an outer point thereof to the camera 339 In this embodiment, a sleeve 378 surrounding a wall 376 is integrally formed with the rest of the housing 328.

The sleeve 378 has threads 379 on an inner surface thereof for use in coupling the gear with the threads on a medical connector.

A seal 382 is provided near the first end 330 of the housing 328. The seal 382 preferably selectively obstructs or seals the passage 336 through the housing 328. The seal 382 is pre-cut to form a slit 384 which, when seal 382 is in its non-polarized position as illustrated in Figure 22, closed.

The use of valve 320 of this mode is as follows. A user first connects a first medical implement (see Figure 1) to the hole 335 in the second end 334 of the housing 328. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, a free end of the tube is guided over the wall 376 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 378.

The user then engages the second medical implement 326 with the first orifice 331 of the valve 320. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 337. The user moves the cannula tip 337 forward through the slit 384. on the seal 382 until the end surface 354 of the piston 342 engages. As the user further moves the implement forward, the piston 342 is pressed in the direction of the second end 332 of the housing 328, compressing the biasing element 370 toward out radially. The air inside the chamber 339 is forced out through the ventilation holes 375 in the wall of the housing 328.

When the piston 342 is in this position, a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement through the valve 320 to the first medical implement. Flow flows through tip 337 of the cannula through passage 357 at first end 354 of piston 342 in step 336. The total volume of fluid within valve 320 when the second medical implement and fluid is attached fill step 336 with biasing element 370 compressed is a quantity VI.

More importantly, when the second medical device 326 is disconnected from the valve 320, the valve 320 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical device through the second orifice 335. Since the second medical device 326 is disconnected, the biasing element 370 forces the piston towards the first end 330 of the housing 328.

At the same time, the biasing element 370 expands internally, causing a reduction in the total volume or fluid space in the passage 336 between the piston 342 and the second end 332 of the housing 328. Once the piston 342 moves upwardly to a point where it meets the seal 382, the piston stops its movement, and the volume of fluid within the valve 320 is at a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 320 decreases as the second medical device 326 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 328. This fluid moves through the passage 336 in the patient's direction, the total volume of Fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the tip of the utensil 337 is removed, the valve 320 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical utensil through it, since the seal 382 closes the passage 336 near the first end 330 of the housing 328.

In addition to providing a positive flow, the valve 320 of the present invention has other advantages. Fluid stagnation is generally prevented as fluid flows through housing 328 in a generally linear path.

A fifth mode valve 420 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figures 24 and 25. This valve 420 includes a housing 428 which is generally identical to the housing 328 of the valve 320 described above and illustrated in Figures 22 and 23 , has a first end 430 defining a first hole 431 and a second end 432 defining a second hole 435. A passage 436 extends through the housing 428 from the first to the second ends 430, 432.

On the other hand, a portion of the passage 436 near the second end 432 is defined by a wall 476. A sleeve 478 extends around the wall 476, the sleeve 478 has a number of threads 479 on an inner surface thereof.

A seal 482 which has a previously cut slit 484 is provided near the first end 430 of the housing 428 as in the last embodiment.

In this embodiment, the biasing element 470 comprises a thread-shaped elastic element having an empty interior 471. The interior 471 of the element 470 is in communication with the exterior of the housing via one or more ventilation openings or holes 475. A connection is provided between element 470 and steps 475, however, so that air flowing through steps 475 to or from element 470 does not flow in step 436.

In this embodiment, a pair of pistons 442, 443 move radially rather than linearly as in the previously described embodiments. Each piston 442, 443 preferably includes a head 450 and a base 452, which are half-circle shaped. A right wall 455 connects the head and the base 450, 452 of each piston 442, 443 in a manner that the head and base thereof extend radially outwardly around a portion of the biasing element 470. Each piston 442, 443 preferably has a conical area 453 at the head thereof, the area 453 on the pistons 442, 443 cooperate to form a guide, as described in greater detail below.

The pistons 442, 443 are arranged to be contiguous with each other along their walls 455 in their normal position, as illustrated in Figure 24. The pistons 442, 443 are arranged to move radially outwardly when a piston is pressed. medical utensil between them, as illustrated in Figure 25.

The use of valve 420 of this mode is as follows. A user first connects a first medical implement (see Figure 1) to the hole 435 at the second end 434 of the housing 428. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, a free end of the tube is guided over the wall 476 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 478.

The user then meshes the second medical implement 426 to the first hole 431 of the valve 420. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 437. The user moves forward the cannula tip 437 through the slit 484 in the seal 482 until the head 450 of each piston 442, 443 engages. Since the user further moves the implement forward, the pistons 442, 443 are pressed radially outwardly to each other, compressing the biasing element 470. The air inside the empty interior 471 of the polarization element 470 is forcefully pulled out through the ventilation holes 375 in the wall of the housing 328.

When in this position, a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement 426 through the valve 420 to the first medical implement. Fluid flows through tip 437 of the cannula to step 436. The total volume of fluid within the valve 420 when the second medical implement is joined and the fluid fills step 436 with the biased 470 compressed element is a amount VI.

More importantly, when the second medical device 426 is disconnected from the valve 420, the valve 420 causes fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical device through the second orifice 435. Since the second medical device 426 is disconnected, the biasing element 470 forces the pistons 442, 443 radially internally to that position illustrated in Figure 24.

At the same time, the biasing element 470 expands internally, causing a reduction in the total volume or fluid space in the passage 436 between the piston 442 and the second end 432 of the housing 428. Once the pistons 442, 443 bump with each other, they stop their movement and the volume within the valve 420 is at a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 420 decreases as the second medical device 426 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 428. This fluid moves through the passage 436 in the patient's direction, the total volume of Fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the tip 437 is removed from the utensil 426, the valve 420 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical implement therethrough, since the seal 482 closes the passage 436 near the first end 430 of the housing 428.

In addition to providing a positive flow, valve 420 of the present invention has other advantages. Stagnation of fluid is generally prevented since fluid flows through housing 428 in a generally linear path.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, more than two pistons can be provided that cooperate with each other to carry out the function described above, such as three or four "pi" pistons.

A sixth mode valve 520 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 26 and 27. This mode valve 520 is similar to the first mode valve 20, except that valve 520 is arranged to have a completely flow arrangement direct similar to that illustrated in the last modality.

The valve 520 of this embodiment has a housing 528 which is generally cylindrical in shape. The housing 528 has a first end 530 defining a first hole 531 and a second end 532 defining a second hole 535. A passage 536 extends through the end-to-end housing 528.

A piston 542 is movably positioned within the passage 336. The piston 542 has a generally circular head 554 with a tubular section 555 extending centrally downward therefrom. A passage 557 is provided through the head 554 and tubular section 555 of the piston 542.

A spring 570 or other means for biasing is placed within the housing 528 between the head 554 of the piston 542 and a rim 561 formed in the housing 528 along the passage 536 between the first and second ends 530, 532.

A seal 568 is provided in a groove in the peripheral surface of the head 554 of the piston 542. A similar seal 568 is provided around the tubular section 555 near its end opposite the head 554. Seals 568, 569 seal a portion from step 536, whereby a chamber filled with air, sealed 539, is defined.

One or more vent holes 575 are provided through the wall of the housing from an exterior point thereof to chamber 539.

The sleeve 578 and the wall portion 576 are formed integrally with the remainder of the housing, the wall 576 defining the passage 536 at the second end 532. The sleeve 578 has threads therein for use in coupling the gear with the threads on a medical connector.

A seal 582 is provided near the first end 530 of the housing 528. The seal 582 preferably clogs or seals the passage 536 through the housing 528. The seal 582 is pre-cut to form a slit 584 which, when the seal 582 it is in this unpolarized position as illustrated in Figure 26, it closes.

The use of valve 520 of this mode is as follows.

A user first connects a first medical device (see Figure 1) to the hole 535 at the second end 534 of the housing 528. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, a free end of the tube is guided over the wall 576 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the 578 cuff The user then engages the second medical implement 526 to the first orifice.531 of the valve 520. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 537. The user moves the cannula tip 537 forward through the slit 584. on the seal 582 until the head 554 of the piston 542 engages. Since the user further moves the implement forward, the piston 542 is pressed in the direction of the second end 532 of the housing 528, compressing the spring 570. The air within the the chamber 539 is pulled out forcefully through the ventilation holes 575. in the wall of the housing 528.

When the piston 542 is in this position (as illustrated in Figure 27), a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement through the valve 520 to the first medical implement. The fluid flows through the tip 537 of the cannula through the passage 557 in the piston 542 to the passage 536. The fluid also fills the space between the seal 582 and the head 554 of the piston 542. The total volume of fluid within of the valve 520 when the second medical device is joined and the fluid fills these areas when the spring 570 is compressed is a quantity VI.

More importantly, when the second medical device 526 is disconnected from the valve 520, the valve 520 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical device through the second orifice 535. Since the second medical device 526 is disconnected, the spring 570 forces the piston 542 towards the first end 530 of the housing 528. This movement of the piston 542 causes a reduction in the total volume or fluid space in the passage 536 between the piston 542 and the second end 532 of the housing 528. A once the piston 542 moves upward to a point where it meets the seal 582, the piston stops its movement, and the volume of fluid within the valve 520 is at a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 520 decreases as the second medical device 526 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 528. This fluid moves through the step 536 in the patient's direction, the total volume of Fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the tip of the utensil 537 is removed, the valve 520 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical implement therethrough, since the seal 582 closes the passage 536 near the first end 530 of the housing 528.

In addition to providing a positive flow, the valve 520 of the present invention has other advantages. Stagnation of fluid is generally prevented, since fluid flows through housing 528 in a continuous path.

A seventh mode valve 620 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 28 and 29. This valve 620 includes a housing 628 which is similar to those described above with respect to the valves 320, 420 and 520.

The housing 628 has a first end 630 defining a first hole 631 and a second end 632 defining a second hole 635. A passage 636 extends through the housing 628 from the first to the second ends 630, 632.

On the other hand, a portion of the passage 636 near the second end 632 is defined by a wall 676. A sleeve 678 extends around the wall 676, the sleeve has a number of threads 679 on an inner surface thereof.

A seal 682 which has a previously cut slit 684 is provided near the first end 630 of the housing 628 as in the last embodiment.

A piston 642 is positioned adjacent the seal 684. The piston 642 is disk-shaped generally preferably has a circular outer shape. The piston 642 has an upper end or first end 650 which is inclined, and a second end or lower end which is flat.

In this embodiment, an elastic member 670 comprises a generally cylindrical, elastic and non-porous material. In its rest state, the element 670 preferably has an outer diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the passage 636 in which it is placed. The element 670 is positioned on a rim 661 formed within the passage 636, and the lower end 652 of the piston 642.

The slots 685, 686 are formed in the side wall of the housing 628 within the passage 636, including the portion defining the flange 661. The slots 685, 686 are arranged to support the exterior surfaces of the element 670 in a manner which allows The fluid flows between the element 670 and the housing 628, as described below.

The use of valve 620 of this embodiment is as follows. A user first connects a first medical implement (see Figure 1) to the hole 635 at the second end 634 of the housing 628. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, a free end of the tube is guided over the wall 676 between the outside of the wall and the inside of the sleeve 678.

The user then engages the second medical implement 626 to the first hole 631 of the valve 620. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 637. The user moves forward the cannula tip 637 through the slit 684 in the seal 682 until the upper part 650 of the piston 642 engages. Since the user further moves the implement forward, the piston 642 is pressed downwardly compressing the element 670.

When in this position, a fluid flow path is established from the second medical instrument 626 through the valve 620 to the first medical implement. Fluid flows through tip 637 of the cannula through passage 636. Fluid is allowed to flow past the element 670 through slots 685, 686. The total volume of fluid within valve 620 when attached the second medical implement and the fluid fill step 636 and that space between the upper part 650 of the piston 642 and the lower part of the seal 682 when the piston 642 is compressed is a quantity VI.

More importantly, when the second medical instrument 626 is disconnected from the valve 620, the valve 620 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical device through the second orifice 635. Since the second medical instrument 626 is disconnected, the element 670 expands, forcing the piston 642 upwardly to that position illustrated in Figure 28.

At the same time, there is a reduction in the total volume or fluid space in the passage 636 between the piston 642 and the seal 682. Once the piston 642 moves upwards to a point where it meets the seal 682, the piston stops its movement, and the volume of fluid within the valve 620 is at a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 620 decreases as the second medical implement is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 628. This fluid moves through the passage 636 in the patient's direction, the total volume of fluid that flows in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the tip 637 is removed from the utensil 626, the valve 620 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical device therethrough, since the seal 682 closes the passage 636 near the first end 630 of the housing 628.

In addition to providing a positive flow, the valve 620 of the present invention has other advantages. Stagnation of fluid is generally prevented, since fluid flows through housing 628 in a generally linear path.

An eighth mode valve 720 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 30 and 31. This valve 720 includes a housing 728, which is similar to those described above with respect to the valves 220, 320, etc.

The housing 728 has a first end 730 defining a first hole 731 and a second end 732 defining a second hole 735. A passage 736 extends through the housing 728 from the first to the second ends 730, 732.

On the other hand, a portion of the passage 736 near the second end 732 is defined by a wall 776. A sleeve 778 extends around the wall 776, the sleeve 778 has a number of threads 779 on an inner surface thereof.

A seal 782 which has a pre-cut slit 784 is provided near the first end 730 of the housing 728 as in the last embodiment.

In this embodiment, an elastic member 770 comprises a cylindrical, elastic and generally hollow member. In its rest state, the element 770 preferably has an outer diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the passage 736 in which it is placed. The element 770 defines an interior space 771, which is sealed from the passage 736. The element 770 is placed on a rim 761 formed within the housing 728.

A surface engaging the inclined cannula 781 is defined in the upper part of the element 770.

A vent hole 775 extends through the housing 628 from the interior space 771 within the element 770 to an exterior point of the housing 628. In the illustrated embodiment, the vent hole 775 terminates in the space between the wall 776 and the sleeve 778 The use of valve 720 of this mode is as follows. A user first connects a first medical implement (see Figure 1) to the hole 735 at the second end 734 of the housing 728. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, a free end of the tube is guided over the wall 776 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 778.

The user then engages the second medical implement 726 to the first orifice 731 of the valve 720. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 737. The user moves forward the cannula tip 737 through the slit 784 in the seal 782 until the inclined surface 781 engages in the upper part of the element 770. Since the user also moves the utensil forward, the element 770 is compressed downwardly and outwardly, reducing the volume of the space 771, but increasing the fluid space inside the valve 720.

When in this position, a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement 726 through the valve 720 to the first medical implement. The fluid flows through the tip 737 of the cannula along the inclined surface 781 (whereby the tip of the cannula does not become clogged) and through the passage 736. The total volume of fluid within the valve 720 when the second medical implement is attached and the fluid fills step 736 and that space between the upper part of the element 770 and the lower part of the seal 782 is a quantity VI.

More importantly, when the second medical device 726 is disconnected from the valve 720, the valve 720 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical device through the second orifice 735. Since the second medical device 726 is disconnected, the element 770 moves upwards to that position illustrated in Figure 30.

At the same time, there is a reduction in the total volume or fluid space in step 736 between the element 770 and the seal 782, until the volume of fluid within the valve 720 is at a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 720 decreases as the second medical device 726 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 728. This fluid moves through the passage 736 in the patient's direction, the total volume of Fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the tip 737 is removed from the implement 726, the valve 720 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical implement therethrough, since the seal 782 closes the passage 736 near the first end 730 of the housing 728.

In addition to providing a positive flow, valve 720 of the present invention has other advantages. Stagnation of fluid is generally prevented, since fluid flows through housing 728 in a generally linear path.

A ninth mode valve 820 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 32 and 33. As illustrated, this valve 820 includes a housing 828, which is somewhat similar to the valve housings 220, 320, etc. described above.

As illustrated, the housing 828 has a body having a first end 830 defining a first hole 831 and a second opposite end 832. A main passage 836 extends from the first end 830 to the second end 832 of the housing. The main passage 836 is defined by an internal surface of a wall of the housing 828. The main passage 836 is cylindrical in shape.

An extension step 838 extends from the main passage 836 to the second end 832. The extension step 838 is preferably defined by a wall 876 and is generally cylindrical in shape, although smaller in diameter than the main passage 836.

An elastic seal 882 is provided near the first end 830 of the housing 828. The seal 882 has a circular or peripheral outer shape to fit within the passage 836, and preferably includes a pre-formed slit 884 through which the seal can pass. tip of a medical utensil. The seal 882 is preferably constructed of an elastic material such that it naturally returns to the position as illustrated in Figure 32, where the slit 884 is closed and the fluid is prevented from passing therethrough.

More importantly, however, the seal 882 is arranged so that when an implement is pressed through the slit 884, at least a portion of the seal 882 moves in the direction of the first end 830 of the housing 828, thereby which increases the fluid space or volume within the housing 828. At the same time, the seal 882 is arranged so that when the utensil is retracted, the seal 882 moves in the direction of the second end 832 of the housing 828, reducing the fluid space or volume in it.

A sleeve 878 is placed around the wall 876 at the second end 832 of the housing 828. The sleeve 878 preferably has threads 879 on an inner surface thereof.

The operation of the valve 820 will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 32 and 33. A user first connects the first medical implement (not shown, but which may be similar to that illustrated in Figure 1) to the orifice. of branch 835 at the third end 834. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, the free end of the tube is guided on the wall 876 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 878.

The user then engages the second medical implement 826 to the first port 831 of the valve 820. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 837. The user moves the cannula tip 837 forward through the slit 884 in the seal 882. At the same time, the seal 882 moves to the position as illustrated in Figure 33.

When in this position, a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement 826 (such as through a tube from an IV bag) through the valve 820 to the first medical implement (and thus to through the catheter to the user). Fluid flows through tip 837 of the cannula through main passage 836 and extension passage 838. The total volume of fluid within valve 820 when the second medical implement is attached is a quantity VI.

More importantly, when the second medical device 826 is disconnected from the valve 820, the valve 820 causes fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical device through the extension passage 838. Since the second medical device 826 is disconnected. , the seal 882 moves back to its position as illustrated in Figure 32. This causes the total volume or fluid space in the housing 828 to be reduced to a minimum amount V2.

Because the fluid volume in the valve 820 decreases as the second medical device 826 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 828. This fluid moves through the branching passage 838 in the patient's direction, the volume Total fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

Once the tip of the utensil 837 is removed, the valve 820 is then prevented from flowing fluid from the first medical implement through it, since the slit 884 in the seal 882 is sealed again, closing the step 836 near the first end 830 of the housing 828.

In addition to providing a positive flow, valve 820 of the present invention has other advantages. The valve 820 of the present invention has its fluid-containing area between the seal 882 and the housing 828, which defines the main passage 836. This space is flushed each time the fluid is injected through the utensil 826.

A tenth mode valve 920 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 34 and 35. As illustrated, the housing 928 has a body having a first end 930 defining a first hole 931 and a second closed end opposite 932 A branch 933 extends to a third end 934 defining a branch hole 935.

An opening in the housing 928 at its first end leads to a chamber 936 or passage on one side of a diaphragm member 970 to a branch passage 938. The branch passage 938 extends from the chamber 936 in the opposite direction to the second end 930 of housing 928. Branching passage 938 is preferably defined by a wall 976. Branching step 938 is generally cylindrical in shape.

A pre-cut elastic seal 982 is provided near the first end 930 of the housing 928. The seal 982 is generally circular to fit within the opening in the first end 930 of the housing 928. The seal 982 preferably includes a pre-formed slit. 984 through which the tip of a medical device can pass. The seal 982 is preferably constructed of an elastic material such that it naturally returns to the position illustrated in Figure 34, where the slit 984 is closed and prevented from passing to the fluid therethrough.

The diaphragm 970 is placed within an empty space within the housing 928 between the first and second ends 920, 932. The diaphragm 970 generally divides this space into a first chamber or cavity 936 and a second chamber 939. The diaphragm 970 is biased in an upward direction, that is, in the direction of the first end 930 of the housing 929.

At least one vent hole 975 extends through the wall of the housing 928 at its second end 932 to the second chamber 939, allowing air to flow in and out of the chamber.

As with the first embodiment, a sleeve 978 is positioned around the branch 933 of the housing 928. The sleeve 978 preferably has threads 979 on an inner surface thereof.

The operation of the valve 920 will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 34 and 35. A user first connects the first medical implement (not shown, but which may be similar to that illustrated in Figure 1) to the orifice. 935 at the third end 934. When the first medical implement is of the type described above, the free end of the tube is guided on the wall 976 between the exterior of the wall and the interior of the sleeve 978.

The user. then the second medical implement 926 engages the first hole 931 of the valve 920. Preferably, the medical implement has a blunt cannula tip 937. The user moves the cannula tip 937 forward through the slit 984 in the seal 982 and pressed with the diaphragm 970. At the same time, the diaphragm 970 moves in the position as illustrated in Figure 35.

When in this position (as illustrated in Figure 35), a fluid flow path is established from the second medical implement 926 (such as through a tube from an IV bag) through the valve 920 to the first medical device (and thus through the catheter to the patient). The fluid flows through the tip 937 of the cannula to the chamber 936, then through the branch passage 938. The total volume of fluid within the valve 920 when the second medical implement is attached is a quantity VI.

More importantly, when the second medical implement 926 is disconnected from the valve 920, the valve 920 causes the fluid to flow in the direction of the first medical implement through the branch passage 938. Since the second medical implement is disconnected, the diaphragm 970 moves upwardly back to its position as illustrated in Figure 34. This causes the total volume or fluid space in the housing 928 to be reduced to a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 920 decreases as the second medical device 926 is disconnected, a certain fluid must move within the housing 928. This fluid moves through the branch passage 938 in the patient's direction, the volume Total fluid flowing in the "positive" direction is equal to the difference between the maximum volume VI minus the minimum volume V2.

In addition, once the tip of the utensil 937 is removed, the valve 920 then prevents the flow of fluid from the first medical device therethrough, since the slit 984 in the seal 982 is sealed again, closing the passageway. 936 near the first end 930 of the housing 928.

In addition to providing a positive flow, valve 920 of the present invention has other advantages. Valve 920 of the present invention has its fluid-containing area between seal 982 and housing 928, which defines chamber 936. This space is flushed each time fluid is injected through utensil 926.

An eleventh mode valve 1020 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 36-49. This valve 1020 is similar in many respects to the valve of the first embodiment.

Referring to Figure 36, valve 1020 includes a housing 1028 which is "T" shaped, has a main portion with a first end 1030 and a second closed end opposite 1032. A branch 1033 extends outwardly from the main portion. generally perpendicular thereto to a third end 1034 defining a branch hole 1035.

As illustrated in Figures 38 and 39, a main passage 1036 extends from the first end 1030 to the second closed end 1032 within the housing 1028. In addition, a branch passage 1038 extends from the main passage 1036 through the hole of branching to the third end 1034.

The main step 1036 has two diameters. A first small diameter portion of the passage 1036 extends from the first end 1030 to near the branch passage 1038. The diameter of the main passage 1036 then increases to a larger diameter section extending to the second end 1032. A flange 1048 is formed at the intersection of these two portions of main passage 1036.

A piston 1042 is slidably positioned within the main passageway 1036. Referring to Figures 44-48, the piston 1042 is generally cylindrical, has a maximum outside diameter which is slightly less than the maximum diameter of the passage 1036. The piston 1042 has a first end 1050 and a second end 1052 and an end-to-end length which is less than the distance from the first end 1030 to the second end 1032 of the housing 1028.

The piston 1042 has a first body portion 1054 that extends from the first end 1050 to a second body portion 1056. The outer diameter of the second body portion 1056 is larger than that of the first body portion 1054, with a projection 1062 that defines the intersection of these two portions. This projection 1062 is arranged to engage the flange 1048 in the housing 1028 in a manner described below.

A slot 1066 is formed in the piston 1042 near its second end 1052. Preferably, a seal 1068 (see Figures 38 and 39) is placed in its slot 1066. The seal 1068 preferably comprises an "O" ring. .

A notch or "V" shaped cut 1064 is defined in the first body portion 1056 of the piston 1042. This notch 1064 extends from the first end 1050 to the second end 1052.

In the preferred embodiment, the piston 1042 is hollow, has a recessed area therein. As illustrated, this area comprises a core 1072 extending in the piston 1042 from the second end 1052. As illustrated, the core 1072 has two portions of different diameters, whereby a flange is formed. When the piston 1042 is placed in the housing 1028 (see Figures 38 and 39), core 1072 is in communication with step 1036.

A seal 1082 is provided at the first end 1030 of the housing 1028 and closes the main passage 1036 at that end. The seal 1082 is preferably mounted to the housing 1028 by an end cap 1083.

The seal 1082 is an element capable of being re-sealed, previously cut, elastic. The end cap 1083 has an end with a passage 1085 therethrough, which is aligned with the main passage 1036. A cylindrical side wall 1087 extends from the end of the cap 1083 and is arranged to engage the exterior of the cap 1083. housing 1028 at the first end 1030. As illustrated, the lid 1083 has a slot in the interior of the wall 1087, which accepts a flange 1089 on the outside of the housing 1028 in a quick-fit arrangement.

As with the previous modalities, the branching step 1038 is defined by a wall structure 1076 which extends outwardly from the main portion of the housing 1028. A sleeve 1078 is externally separated from its wall structure 1076. The threads 1079 are placed inside the sleeve 1078.

The mounted valve 1020, wherein the piston 1042 is placed in the main passage 1036 through the housing 1028, is best illustrated in Figures 38 and 39. As illustrated, the seal 1068 divides the main passage 1036 into a first chamber 1039 and a second chamber 1041. The first chamber 1039 comprises a space between the second closed end 1032 of the housing 1028, the second end 1052 of the piston 1042, and that space within the core 1072 in the piston 1042. The second chamber 1041 is that space between seal 1068 on piston 1042 and seal 1082 at first end 1030 of housing 1028.

As illustrated, the piston 1042 is movable from a first "uncompressed" position or position in which the projection 1062 engages the flange 1048, to a second "compressed" position or position in which the piston 1042 moves toward the second end 1032 of the housing 1028.

Means are provided for biasing the piston 1042 in its first position. Preferably, these means comprise a spring 1070. As illustrated, the spring 1070 is a helical spring extending between the second end 1032 of the housing 1028 and the flange formed in the piston 1042 by the changing diameter core 1072.

The first chamber 1039 is filled with air. To adjust the movement of the piston 1042 towards the second end 1032 of the housing 1028, a vent hole 1075 is provided through the second end 1032.

The operation of the valve 1020 will now be described. A user first connects the first medical implement to the branch hole 1035 in a manner described above. The user then presses a blunt tipped cannula or other medical implement 1037 (see Figure 39) through the opening 1085 in the lid 1083, and then through the slit in the seal 1082. The user moves the utensil forward. 1037 until it presses the piston 1042 towards the second end 1032 of the housing 1028, as illustrated in Figure 39.

When the piston is in this position, a flow path is established from the tool 1037 through the second chamber 1041 between the exterior of the piston 1042 and the wall of the housing 1028 to the branching passage 1038. The fluid freely flows through. of the tip of the cannula 1037 because an open "V" shaped space is provided below the tip at the first end 1050 of the piston 1052. In this position, the valve 1020 has a maximum fluid capacity VI.

When the user removes the cannula 1037, the pre-cut seal 1082 is sealed again, preventing fluid from flowing from the main passage 1026 out of the first end 1030 of the valve 1020. At the same time, when the cannula 1037 or other is removed of the piston 1042 moves upwardly to the position illustrated in Figure 38 as a result of the force of the spring. When the piston 1042 is in the position illustrated in Figure 38, the volume within the valve 1020 is at a minimum amount V2.

Because the volume of fluid in the valve 1020 decreases as the piston moves upwardly, a certain fluid moves in the main passage 1026. This fluid volume V1-V2 moves along the piston 1042 to the passage of branching 1038.

This valve 1020 also has the advantage that jet washing occurs in each use and the 1082 seal can be cleaned with a scouring pad on its upper surface to sterilize it.

A twelfth mode valve 1120 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 49 and 50. Valve 1120 of this embodiment has a housing 1128 which defines a main passage 1136 extending from a first end 1130 to a chamber 1141. A branching step 1138 leads from the chamber 1141 generally perpendicular to the main passage 1136.

The housing 1128 has a second end 1132 opposite the first end 1130, the second end 1132 is open to the chamber 1141.

A seal 1182 is placed inside the chamber 1141. As illustrated, the seal 1182 is an elastic inverted "U" shaped member. In a first position, seal 1182 is arranged to close branching step 1138 from chamber 1141 (see Figure 49).

A piston 1142 is positioned within the main passage 1136 and is supported on an upper portion of the seal 1182. As illustrated, the piston 1142 has a first flat end 1150 and a second inclined end 1152. The piston 1142 is of cross-sectional shape cylindrical generally.

The wall defining the main passage 1136 is cylindrical at the first end 1130 of the housing 1128. In a direction towards the second end 1132, the wall is inclined outward to define an inclined surface 1148.

A seal 1168 is preferably provided at the first end 1130 of the housing 1128. This seal 1168 is designed to seal against the outside of the piston 1142 to prevent fluid flow between the piston 1142 and the housing 1128 at the first end 1130 of the valve 1120.

The operation of this valve 1120 is as follows. A user moves the tip of a cannula or other medical device to the gear with the first end 1150 of the piston 1142. The user presses the piston 1142 toward the second end 1132 of the housing 1128 until the luer closer connector or the like can be engage with the coupling threads in housing 1128, as illustrated in Figure 50.

Since the piston 1142 moves internally, because its second conical end 1152 engages the seal 1182 and the seal collapses, the piston 1142 is overturned against the inclined surface 1148 in the enlarged section of the main passage 1136. At the same time, the upper end 1150 of the piston 1142 is no longer a flat surface with respect to the end of the cannula. In this way, the fluid is allowed to flow freely from the tip of the cannula.

Since the piston 1142 moves internally, the seal 1182 is compressed to a position in which the branch passage 1138 is in communication with the chamber 1141.

A fluid path is established from the cannula along the upper end 1150 of the piston 1142, along the main passage 1136 to the chamber 1141, and then to the branch passage 1138. At the same time, the volume of fluid within of the valve 1120 is a quantity VI.

When the user separates the cannula, the seal 1182 presses the piston 1142 upwardly. The upward movement of the piston 1142 is facilitated by its engagement with the inclined surface 1148. Eventually, the seal 1182 moves the piston 1142 to the position illustrated in Figure 49. At the same time, the seal 1182 therefore seals the branching passage 1138 of the chamber 1141.

In addition, seal 1168 seals around piston 1142, preventing fluid from flowing from inside valve 1120 through main passage 1136 to first end 1130, thereby positive fluid flow is effected.

Since the seal 1182 expands, the volume within the chamber 1141 is reduced, forcing the fluid to the branch step 1138.

A thirteenth mode valve 1220 according to the present invention is illustrated in Figures 51 and 52. This valve 1220 has a linear flow arrangement similar to that of the valves illustrated in Figures 20-29.

The valve 1220 has a housing 1228 having a first end 1230 and a second end 1232. A main passage 1236 extends from the first end 1230 to a smaller extension passage 1238, which extends to the second end 1232. extension step 1238 is mainly defined by a wall 1276, which is placed inside a sleeve 1278.

A seal 1282 is placed in a conical portion 1248 of the main passage 1236 at the first end 1230. The seal 1282 preferably comprises a first and a second seal portion which, when put together, form a conical shape member of inverted frusto. Each seal portion is of semicircular cross-sectional shape generally (in a horizontal plane) and defines a flat inner surface 1283 for the gear with the other seal portion.

The outer surface 1185 of each seal portion is curved, and tapered internally from the top to the bottom.

Each seal portion is biased in a direction toward the second end 1232 of the valve 1220. An elastic bias member 1270 has a first end connected to a lower surface of each seal portion and a second end secured to the housing 1228 a certain distance to along the main passage 1236. As illustrated, each polarization member 1270 comprises an elastic member similar to an accordion.

The operation of the valve 1220 is as follows. When not in use, the polarization member 1270 corresponding to each portion of the seal 1282 biases the seal portions towards the second end 1232 of the valve 1220. In this position, the seal 1282 seals the main passage 1236 at the first end 1230 of the 1220 valve.

A user inserts a cannula or other medical device, as illustrated in Figure 52, between the two portions of the seal 1282. Since the user does this and moves the cannula forward, the seal portions must be expanded apart to adjust the cannula. This causes the seal portions to move upward toward the first end 1230 of the valve 1220 along the conical surface 1248 against the force of the polarization member 1270.

Once the cannula is inserted, a flow path is established therefrom through the main passage 1236 and the extension passage 1238 through the valve 1230. In this time, the volume of fluid within the valve 1220 is an amount VI.

When the user separates the cannula, the volume of fluid in the valve 1220 is reduced to an amount V2, causing the fluid to travel through the extension passage 1238. In particular, once the cannula is removed, the members of 1270 polarization the seal portions back to the second end 1232 of the valve 1230 to the position illustrated in Figure 51. The seal 1282 in this position reseals the main passage 1236 at the first end 1230 of the valve 1220.

The valves described above have a seal (182, 282, 382, 482, 582, 682, 782, 882, 982, 1082, 1168, 1282) can be adapted for use with a needle or other implement in place of the blunt cannula 37 illustrated In this arrangement, the seal can be solid (that is, it can not be previously cut).

In this case, the piston 142 (or similar member in the embodiments described later) is preferably constructed of a durable material which is not easily penetrable by the needle.

As described above, each valve is preferably provided with means for opening and closing a flow path through the valve. In at least one embodiment, these means is a movable piston (e.g., a piston 42, Figure 12), while in other embodiments it is a pre-cut seal (e.g., a seal 182, Figure 19). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a variety of means can be provided in addition to those described. For example, a releasable septum or the like can be used.

In addition, each valve includes means to decrease the volume of fluid therein when one of the medical utensils is disconnected, to produce a positive fluid flow. In certain embodiments, this means is a piston (eg, a piston 42, Figure 12 or a piston 1042, Figure 38), while in other embodiments it is an elastic member, such as a diaphragm or foam-like element (eg example, element 670, Figure 28 or element 770, Figure 30). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other means may be provided.

In certain examples, the means for opening and closing the fluid path is the same as the means for decreasing the fluid volume (e.g., piston 42, FIG. 12).

In the embodiments described above, the fluid space within the valve increases with the insertion of a medical implement in the compressed state and decreases with the separation of the medical implement in the decompressed state. In certain embodiments, the structure defining the fluid space is substantially relaxed and does not store substantial amount of potential energy. The insertion of the medical device causes a change in the structure that allows storing potential energy. The potential energy is released with the separation of the medical utensil and the structure returns to a substantially relaxed condition.

The foregoing presents a description of the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention, and the manner and process of using it, in complete, clear, concise, and exact terms to enable any person skilled in the art to which it concerns to understand and use this invention. This invention is, however, susceptible to modifications and alternate constructions of those discussed above, which are completely equivalent. The modalities described are intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive.

Therefore, it is not intended to limit this invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications and alternate constructions that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as is generally expressed by the following claims, which particularly indicate and clearly claim the subject of the invention.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects to which it refers.

Having described the invention as above, the content of the following is claimed as property.

Claims (39)

1. A method for effecting a positive fluid flow through a first medical device automatically with the disconnection of a second medical device from a valve having a housing with an element therein to control the flow of fluid through the housing, the valve defines a volume of fluid within the housing and the valve is in communication with the first medical utensil, characterized in that it comprises the steps for: disconnect the second medical device from the valve; moving at least a portion of the element to a position in which the flow of fluid through the valve to the second medical implement is prevented; decrease the volume of fluid inside the valve; Y driving the fluid from the housing to the first medical utensil.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the element comprises an elastic seal placed in the housing, the seal has a passage therethrough and wherein the movement step comprises allowing the seal to expand to a position in the which obstructs the passage through it.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston member is movably positioned within the valve housing and the decrease step comprises moving the piston member.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the disconnection step comprises removing the first medical implement from a first end of the valve, and wherein the decrease step comprises moving the piston toward the first end of the valve.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a member is placed inside the housing, the member is arranged to increase the volume of fluid in the housing when the first medical facility is connected to the valve, and wherein the step for decreasing the volume within the housing comprises the step to allow the member to expand in volume.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a member is placed inside the housing and cooperates with the housing to form a chamber, and the step to decrease the volume within the housing comprises the step to enlarge the volume of the chamber.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the element comprises a seal, and further includes a piston movably positioned within the valve, the piston cooperates with the seal and housing to define the volume of fluid, and where the step to decrease the volume of fluid comprises the step to move the piston towards the seal.

8. A medical valve for controlling the flow of fluid between a first medical implement and a second medical implement, characterized in that the valve comprises a body having a cavity in communication with the second medical implement and an opening adapted to receive the first medical implement, and a sealing element positioned within the body and movable between a first position in which the seal prevents the flow of fluid through the body and a second position in which the flow of fluid through the body is allowed, the cavity includes a fluid space which increases automatically and reversibly in size when the first medical device is connected to the valve and which is reduced in size when the first medical device is disconnected.

9. The medical valve according to claim 8, characterized in that the sealing element is a seal having a passage previously cut through it, the passage being obstructed when the seal is in the first position.

10. The medical valve according to claim 8, characterized in that the sealing element comprises a piston movably mounted with respect to the body.

11. The medical valve according to the claim 10, characterized in that a flange is placed inside the cavity and the piston has a projection, the projection engages the flange when the piston is in the first position.

12. The medical valve according to claim 11, characterized in that it includes means for polarizing the piston in the first position.

13. The medical valve according to claim 12, characterized in that the means for polarizing comprise a spring.

14. The medical valve according to claim 10, characterized in that the piston divides the cavity in a first chamber filled with fluid and a second chamber filled with air.

15. The medical valve according to claim 14, characterized in that it also includes a ventilation hole through the body that extends to the chamber filled with air.

16. The medical valve according to claim 10, characterized in that the piston has a head for the gear to the first medical implement, the head has an inclined surface.

17. The medical valve according to claim 14, characterized in that the piston includes an empty cavity in communication with the chamber filled with air.

18. The medical valve according to claim 8, characterized in that the opening is at a first end of the body, the body has a second closed end and a branch, the branch defines a branching step leading from the cavity.

19. The medical valve according to claim 8, characterized in that the opening is at a first end of the body and the body includes a second open end.

20. The medical valve according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes a piston member positioned movably within the body.

21. The medical valve according to claim 20, characterized in that it also includes means for polarizing the piston member in the direction of the sealing element.

22. The medical valve according to claim 21, characterized in that the means for polarizing comprise a spring.

23. The medical valve according to claim 21, characterized in that the means for polarizing comprise a member that cooperates with the body to define a chamber filled with air.

24. The medical valve according to claim 21, characterized in that the means for polarizing comprise a member filled with air.

25. The medical valve according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes a diaphragm placed inside the cavity.

26. The medical valve according to the claim 25, characterized in that the diaphragm divides the cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber, and further includes a ventilation hole that extends through the body to the second chamber.

27. A medical valve for controlling the flow of fluid between a first medical implement and a second medical implement, characterized by the valve comprises a body having a cavity in communication with the second medical implement and an opening adapted to receive the first medical implement, and a seal placed inside the body and movable between a first position in which the seal prevents the flow of fluid through the body and a second position in which the flow of fluid through the body is allowed, the valve defines a space of fluid and further includes means connected to the body to reduce the fluid space within the valve when the first medical implement is disconnected.

28. The medical valve according to claim 27, characterized in that the means comprise an elastic closed cell expansion member.

29. The medical valve according to claim 27, characterized in that the means comprise a piston.

30. The medical valve according to claim 27, characterized in that the means comprise a bladder filled with air.

31. The medical valve according to claim 30, characterized in that a ventilation hole leads through the body to the vejiga.

32. The medical valve according to claim 27, characterized in that the means comprise a diaphragm.

33. The medical valve according to claim 29, characterized in that the piston has a passage therethrough.

34. The medical valve according to claim 27, characterized in that the opening is placed at a first end of the body.

35. The medical valve according to claim 34, characterized in that the seal is placed near the first end of the body and the cavity is defined by the body and the seal.

36. The medical valve according to claim 27, characterized in that the means are placed inside the cavity.

37. The medical valve according to claim 36, characterized in that the means divide the cavity into at least one first and second chambers.

38. The medical valve according to claim 37, characterized in that one of the first and second chambers is filled with air.

39. A medical valve for controlling the flow of fluid between the first medical device leading to a first site and a second medical device leading to a second site, characterized in that the valve comprises a body having a cavity, the body has a first orifice for connection to the first medical implement and has a second hole adapted to receive the second medical implement, a seal connected to the body and movable between a first position in which the seal obstructs the flow of fluid through the body between the orifices, and a second position in which the flow of fluid through the body is allowed, the valve defines a fluid space between the orifices and further includes means positioned within the body to reduce the fluid space within the valve when one of the valves is disconnected. medical utensils